الْحِصْنُ الْحَصِينُ
al-Ḥiṣn al-Ḥaṣīn
THE IMPREGNABLE FORTRESS
From the Words of the Master of the Messengers
مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ﷺ
IMAM IBN AL-JAZARĪ
Abū al-Khayr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ibn al-Jazarī · d. 833 AH
دُعَاءُ الِاسْتِخَارَةِ
duʿāʾu al-istikhārati
The Prayer for Seeking Guidance
فَإِذَا هَمَّ بِأَمْرٍ:
fa-ʾidhā hamma bi-ʾamrin:
When he is considering a matter:
فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْفَرِيضَةِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ:
fa-lyarkaʿ rakʿatayni min ghayri al-farīḍati, thumma liyaqul:
Let him pray two voluntary units of prayer, then say:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَخِيرُكَ بِعِلْمِكَ، وَأَسْتَقْدِرُكَ (أَسْتَهْدِيكَ) بِقُدْرَتِكَ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ الْعَظِيمِ، فَإِنَّكَ تَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ، وَتَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ،
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾastakhīruka biʿilmika, wa-ʾastaqdiruka (ʾastahdīka) biqudratika, wa-ʾasʾaluka min faḍlika al-ʿaẓīmi, fa-ʾinnaka taqdiru wa-lā ʾaqdiru, wa-taʿlamu wa-lā ʾaʿlamu, wa-ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi,
“O Allah, I seek the better choice through Your knowledge, and I seek ability (guidance) through Your power, and I ask You from Your immense bounty. You have power and I have none; You know and I do not; and You are the Knower of all that is unseen.
اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ خَيْرٌ لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، أَوْ عَاجِلِ أَمْرِي وَآجِلِهِ، فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي، وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي، ثُمَّ بَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ،
Allāhumma ʾin kunta taʿlamu ʾanna hādhā al-ʾamra khayrun lī fī dīnī wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, ʾaw ʿājili ʾamrī wa-ʾājilihi, fa-uqdurhu lī, wa-yassirhu lī, thumma bārik lī fīhi,
O Allah, if You know that this matter is good for me in my religion, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair—or in its near and distant consequences—then decree it for me, make it easy for me, and then bless it for me.
وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ شَرٌّ لِي فِي دِينِي وَدُنْيَايَ وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، أَوْ عَاجِلِ أَمْرِي وَآجِلِهِ، فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي، وَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهُ، وَاقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُ كَانَ، ثُمَّ أَرْضِنِي (رَضِّنِي) [خ] بِهِ [خ، عه] حَيْثُ كُنْتُ، ثُمَّ أَرْضِنِي بِقَضَائِكَ» [س].
wa-ʾin kunta taʿlamu ʾanna hādhā al-ʾamra sharrun lī fī dīnī wa-dunyāya wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, ʾaw ʿājili ʾamrī wa-ʾājilihi, fa-iṣrifhu ʿannī, wa-iṣrifnī ʿanhu, wa-uqdur liya al-khayra ḥaythu kāna, thumma ʾarḍinī (raḍḍinī) [خ] bihi [خ، عه] ḥaythu kuntu, thumma ʾarḍinī biqaḍāʾika» [س].
But if You know that this matter is bad for me in my religion, my worldly life, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair—or in its near and distant consequences—then turn it away from me and turn me away from it. Decree good for me wherever it may be, and then make me content (fully pleased) [خ] with it [خ، عه] wherever I may be; then make me content with Your decree” [س].
«إِنْ كَانَ خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَادِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَقَدِّرْهُ لِي، وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ شَرًّا فِي دِينِي وَمَعَادِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي، وَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهُ، وَقَدِّرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ، وَرَضِّنِي بِهِ» [حب، مص].
«ʾin kāna khayran lī fī dīnī wa-maʿādī wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-qaddirhu lī, wa-yassirhu lī, wa-bārik lī fīhi, wa-ʾin kāna sharran fī dīnī wa-maʿādī wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-iṣrifhu ʿannī, wa-iṣrifnī ʿanhu, wa-qaddir liya al-khayra, wa-raḍḍinī bihi» [حب، مص].
“If it is good for me in my religion, my return, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, decree it for me, make it easy for me, and bless it for me. If it is bad for my religion, my return, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, turn it away from me and turn me away from it; decree good for me and make me content with it” [حب، مص].
«خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي، وَخَيْرًا لِي فِي مَعِيشَتِي، وَخَيْرًا لِي فِي عَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لِي، فَاقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُمَا كَانَ، وَرَضِّنِي بِقَدَرِكَ» [حب].
«khayran lī fī dīnī, wa-khayran lī fī maʿīshatī, wa-khayran lī fī ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-uqdurhu lī, wa-bārik lī fīhi, wa-ʾin kāna ghayru dhālika khayran lī, fa-uqdur liya al-khayra ḥaythumā kāna, wa-raḍḍinī biqadarika» [حب].
“If it is good for my religion, good for my livelihood, and good for the outcome of my affair, decree it for me and bless it for me. If something else is better for me, decree good for me wherever it may be and make me content with Your decree” [حب].
«خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعِيشَتِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا - الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ - شَرًّا لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعِيشَتِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي، ثُمَّ اقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ أَيْنَمَا كَانَ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [حب].
«khayran lī fī dīnī wa-maʿīshatī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-uqdurhu lī wa-yassirhu lī, wa-ʾin kāna kadhā wa-kadhā - al-ʾamra alladhī yurīdu - sharran lī fī dīnī wa-maʿīshatī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-iṣrifhu ʿannī, thumma uqdur liya al-khayra ʾaynamā kāna, lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [حب].
“If it is good for me in my religion, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, decree it for me and make it easy for me. But if such-and-such—the matter he intends—is bad for me in my religion, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, turn it away from me, then decree good for me wherever it may be. There is no power and no strength except through Allah” [حب].
(١) أَيْ أَطْلُبُ مِنْكَ الْخَيْرَ أَوِ الْخِيرَةَ، قَالَ فِي الْمُحْكَمِ: اسْتَخَارَ اللَّهَ: طَلَبَ مِنْهُ الْخَيْرَ.
(1) ʾay ʾaṭlubu minka al-khayra ʾawi al-khīrata, qāla fī al-muḥkami: istakhāra Allāha: ṭalaba minhu al-khayra.
(1) That is, I ask You for what is good or for the better choice. Al-Muhkam states: “He sought Allah’s guidance” means that he asked Him for what is good.
«وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ وَرَحْمَتِكَ، فَإِنَّهُمَا بِيَدَيْكَ، لَا يَمْلِكُهُمَا أَحَدٌ سِوَاكَ، فَإِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ، وَتَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُهُ خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي، وَفِي دُنْيَايَ، وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَوَفِّقْهُ، وَسَهِّلْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لِي، فَوَفِّقْنِي لِلْخَيْرِ حَيْثُ كَانَ» [ر].
«wa-ʾasʾaluka min faḍlika wa-raḥmatika, fa-ʾinnahumā biyadayka, lā yamlikuhumā ʾaḥadun siwāka, fa-ʾinnaka taʿlamu wa-lā ʾaʿlamu, wa-taqdiru wa-lā ʾaqdiru, wa-ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi, Allāhumma ʾin kāna hādhā al-ʾamru alladhī yurīduhu khayran lī fī dīnī, wa-fī dunyāya, wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-waffiqhu, wa-sahhilhu, wa-ʾin kāna ghayru dhālika khayran lī, fa-waffiqnī li-l-khayri ḥaythu kāna» [ر].
“And I ask You from Your bounty and mercy, for they are in Your hands and no one besides You possesses them. You know and I do not; You have power and I have none; and You are the Knower of all that is unseen. O Allah, if this matter that he intends is good for me in my religion, my worldly life, and the outcome of my affair, then grant it success and make it easy. If something else is better for me, then guide me to the good wherever it may be” [ر].
مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِأُمُورِ الزَّوَاجِ
mā yataʿallaqu biʾumūri al-zawāji
Matters Relating to Marriage
فَإِنْ كَانَ زَوَاجًا:
fa-ʾin kāna zawājan:
If the matter is marriage:
فَلْيَكْتُمِ الْخِطْبَةَ، ثُمَّ لِيَتَوَضَّأْ فَيُحْسِنَ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ لِيُصَلِّ مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، ثُمَّ لِيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَيُمَجِّدْهُ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ:
fa-lyaktumi al-khiṭbata, thumma liyatawaḍḍaʾ fa-yuḥsina wuḍūʾahu, thumma liyuṣalli mā kataba Allāhu lahu, thumma liyaḥmadi Allāha wa-yumajjidhu, thumma liyaqul:
He should keep the proposal private, then perform ablution thoroughly, pray whatever Allah has ordained for him, praise and glorify Allah, and then say:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ، وَتَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ، فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنَّ فِي فُلَانَةَ - وَيُسَمِّيهَا بِاسْمِهَا - خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي وَدُنْيَايَ وَآخِرَتِي، فَاقْدُرْهَا لِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا لِي فِي دِينِي وَآخِرَتِي، فَاقْدُرْهَا لِي» [حب، مس].
«Allāhumma ʾinnaka taqdiru wa-lā ʾaqdiru, wa-taʿlamu wa-lā ʾaʿlamu, wa-ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi, fa-ʾin raʾayta ʾanna fī fulānata - wa-yusammīhā bi-ismihā - khayran lī fī dīnī wa-dunyāya wa-ʾākhiratī, fa-uqdurhā lī, wa-ʾin kāna ghayruhā khayran minhā lī fī dīnī wa-ʾākhiratī, fa-uqdurhā lī» [حب، مس].
“O Allah, You have power and I have none; You know and I do not; and You are the Knower of all that is unseen. If You see that there is good for me in so-and-so—and he names her—in my religion, my worldly life, and my Hereafter, then decree her for me. If another woman is better for me than she is in my religion and my Hereafter, then decree that woman for me” [حب، مس].
«مِنْ سَعَادَةِ ابْنِ آدَمَ اسْتِخَارَتُهُ اللَّهَ، وَمِنْ شِقْوَتِهِ تَرْكُهُ اسْتِخَارَةَ اللَّهِ» [مس، ت].
«min saʿādati ibni ʾādama istikhāratuhu Allāha, wa-min shiqwatihi tarkuhu istikhārata Allāhi» [مس، ت].
“Part of the happiness of the child of Adam is seeking Allah’s guidance, and part of his misery is neglecting to seek Allah’s guidance” [مس، ت].
وَإِنْ تَوَلَّى عَقْدًا فَخُطْبَتُهُ:
wa-ʾin tawallā ʿaqdan fa-khuṭbatuhu:
If he officiates a marriage contract, its sermon is:
«إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ، نَحْمَدُهُ، وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ، وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا، وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا، مَنْ يَهْدِهِ اللَّهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ،
«ʾinna al-ḥamda li-llāhi, naḥmaduhu, wa-nastaʿīnuhu, wa-nastaghfiruhu, wa-naʿūdhu bi-llāhi min shurūri ʾanfusinā, wa-min sayyiʾāti ʾaʿmālinā, man yahdihi Allāhu fa-lā muḍilla lahu, wa-man yuḍlil fa-lā hādiya lahu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu,
“Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him, seek His help, and ask His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils within ourselves and from our bad deeds. Whoever Allah guides, no one can mislead; and whoever He leaves astray, no one can guide. I testify that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا﴾ [النِّسَاءِ: ١]،
﴿yā ʾayyuhā al-nāsu ittaqū rabbakumu alladhī khalaqakum min nafsin wāḥidatin wa-khalaqa minhā zawjahā wa-baththa minhumā rijālan kathīran wa-nisāʾan wa-ittaqū Allāha alladhī tasāʾalūna bihi wa-l-ʾarḥāma ʾinna Allāha kāna ʿalaykum raqīban﴾ [al-nisāʾi: 1],
﴿O humanity, be mindful of your Lord, who created you from a single soul, created its mate from it, and spread from the two of them many men and women. Be mindful of Allah, in whose name you make requests of one another, and honor family ties. Surely Allah is ever Watchful over you﴾ [النِّسَاءِ: ١],
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٠٢]، ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ...﴾ [الْأَحْزَابِ: ٧٠]» [عه، مس، عو].
﴿yā ʾayyuhā alladhīna ʾāmanū ittaqū Allāha ḥaqqa tuqātihi wa-lā tamūtunna ʾillā wa-ʾantum muslimūna﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 102], ﴿yā ʾayyuhā alladhīna ʾāmanū ittaqū Allāha wa-qūlū qawlan sadīdan yuṣliḥ lakum ʾaʿmālakum...﴾ [al-ʾaḥzābi: 70]» [عه، مس، عو].
﴿O you who believe, be mindful of Allah as He truly deserves, and do not die except in a state of submission﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٠٢]; ﴿O you who believe, be mindful of Allah and speak words that are right; He will set your deeds right for you…﴾ [الْأَحْزَابِ: ٧٠]” [عه، مس، عو].
«... وَرَسُولُهُ، أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا، بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ، مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ رَشَدَ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِهِمَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَضُرُّ إِلَّا نَفْسَهُ، وَلَا يَضُرُّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا» [د].
«... wa-rasūluhu, ʾarsalahu bi-l-ḥaqqi bashīran wa-nadhīran, bayna yadayi al-sāʿati, man yuṭiʿi Allāha wa-rasūlahu fa-qad rashada, wa-man yaʿṣihimā fa-ʾinnahu lā yaḍurru ʾillā nafsahu, wa-lā yaḍurru Allāha shayʾan» [د].
“…and His Messenger. He sent him with the truth as a bearer of good news and a warner before the Hour. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has been rightly guided; whoever disobeys them harms only himself and does Allah no harm at all” [د].
وَنَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنَا مِمَّنْ يُطِيعُهُ وَيُطِيعُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، وَيَتَّبِعُ رِضْوَانَهُ، وَيَجْتَنِبُ سَخَطَهُ، فَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ بِهِ وَلَهُ [مو، د].
wa-nasʾalu Allāha ʾan yajʿalanā mimman yuṭīʿuhu wa-yuṭīʿu rasūlahu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-yattabiʿu riḍwānahu, wa-yajtanibu sakhaṭahu, fa-ʾinnamā naḥnu bihi wa-lahu [مو، د].
We ask Allah to make us among those who obey Him and obey His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), pursue His pleasure, and avoid His wrath, for it is only through Him and for Him that we exist [مو، د].
وَيَقُولُ لِمَنْ تَزَوَّجَ:
wa-yaqūlu liman tazawwaja:
He says to one who has married:
«بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ» [خ، م]، «وَبَارَكَ عَلَيْكَ، وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَكُمَا فِي خَيْرٍ» [عه، حب، مس].
«bāraka Allāhu laka» [خ، م], «wa-bāraka ʿalayka, wa-jamaʿa baynakumā fī khayrin» [عه، حب، مس].
“May Allah bless you” [خ، م], “shower His blessings upon you, and unite the two of you in goodness” [عه، حب، مس].
أَوْ: «فَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ» [خ، م، ت، س].
ʾaw: «fa-bāraka Allāhu ʿalayka» [خ، م، ت، س].
Or: “May Allah shower His blessings upon you” [خ، م، ت، س].
وَلَمَّا زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيًّا فَاطِمَةَ، دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ فَقَالَ لِفَاطِمَةَ: «ائْتِينِي بِمَاءٍ»، فَقَامَتْ إِلَى قَعْبٍ فِي الْبَيْتِ، فَأَتَتْ فِيهِ بِمَاءٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَمَجَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: «تَقَدَّمِي»، فَتَقَدَّمَتْ، فَنَضَحَ بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيْهَا، وَعَلَى رَأْسِهَا، وَقَالَ:
wa-lammā zawwaja rasūlu Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿaliyyan fāṭimata, dakhala al-bayta fa-qāla lifāṭimata: «iʾtīnī bimāʾin», fa-qāmat ʾilā qaʿbin fī al-bayti, fa-ʾatat fīhi bimāʾin, fa-ʾakhadhahu wa-majja fīhi, thumma qāla lahā: «taqaddamī», fa-taqaddamat, fa-naḍaḥa bayna thadyayhā, wa-ʿalā raʾsihā, wa-qāla:
When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) married Fatimah to Ali, he entered the house and said to Fatimah, “Bring me some water.” She went to a cup in the house and brought him water in it. He took it, put some saliva into it, and said to her, “Come forward.” She came forward, and he sprinkled it on her chest and her head, saying:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: «أَدْبِرِي»، فَأَدْبَرَتْ، فَصَبَّ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ:
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhā bika wa-dhurriyyatahā mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla lahā: «ʾadbirī», fa-ʾadbarat, fa-ṣabba bayna katifayhā, thumma qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhā bika wa-dhurriyyatahā mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla:
“O Allah, I place her and her offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said to her, “Turn around.” She turned around, and he poured it between her shoulders and said, “O Allah, I place her and her offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said:
«ائْتُونِي بِمَاءٍ». قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَعَلِمْتُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ، فَقُمْتُ فَمَلَأْتُ الْقَعْبَ مَاءً، وَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهِ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَمَجَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تَقَدَّمْ»، فَصَبَّ عَلَى رَأْسِي وَبَيْنَ ثَدْيَيَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:
«iʾtūnī bimāʾin». qāla ʿaliyyun: fa-ʿalimtu alladhī yurīdu, fa-qumtu fa-malaʾtu al-qaʿba māʾan, wa-ʾataytuhu bihi, fa-ʾakhadhahu wa-majja fīhi, thumma qāla: «taqaddam», fa-ṣabba ʿalā raʾsī wa-bayna thadyayya, thumma qāla:
“Bring me some water.” Ali said: I understood what he wanted, so I rose, filled the cup with water, and brought it to him. He took it, put some saliva into it, and said, “Come forward.” He poured it over my head and chest, then said:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهُ بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَدْبِرْ»، فَأَدْبَرْتُ، فَصَبَّ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهُ بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اِدْخُلْ بِأَهْلِكَ بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَالْبَرَكَةِ» [حب].
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhu bika wa-dhurriyyatahu mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla: «ʾadbir», fa-ʾadbartu, fa-ṣabba bayna katifayya, wa-qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhu bika wa-dhurriyyatahu mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla: «idkhul bi-ʾahlika bi-ismi Allāhi wa-l-barakati» [حب].
“O Allah, I place him and his offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said, “Turn around.” I turned around, and he poured it between my shoulders and said, “O Allah, I place him and his offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said, “Go in to your wife in the name of Allah and with His blessing” [حب].
وَإِذَا دَخَلَ بِأَهْلِهِ أَوِ اشْتَرَى رَقِيقًا:
wa-ʾidhā dakhala bi-ʾahlihi ʾawi ishtarā raqīqan:
When he consummates his marriage or purchases a bondservant:
فَلْيَأْخُذْ بِنَاصِيَتِهَا [م، د، س، ص]، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِهَا، وَخَيْرِ مَا جَبَلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا جَبَلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ» [د، س، ق، ص، مس].
fa-lyaʾkhudh bināṣiyatihā [م، د، س، ص], thumma liyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayrihā, wa-khayri mā jabaltahā ʿalayhi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā, wa-sharri mā jabaltahā ʿalayhi» [د، س، ق، ص، مس].
Let him take hold of her forelock [م، د، س، ص], then say: “O Allah, I ask You for the good within her and the good disposition upon which You created her, and I seek refuge in You from the evil within her and the evil disposition upon which You created her” [د، س، ق، ص، مس].
وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الدَّابَّةِ، وَيَأْخُذُ بِذِرْوَةِ سَنَامِ الْبَعِيرِ [د، س، ص].
wa-ka-dhālika fī al-dābbati, wa-yaʾkhudhu bidhirwati sanāmi al-baʿīri [د، س، ص].
The same applies to a riding animal, and he should take hold of the highest part of the camel’s hump [د، س، ص].
وَكَانَ إِذَا اشْتَرَى مَمْلُوكًا قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ فِيهِ، وَاجْعَلْهُ طَوِيلَ الْعُمُرِ، كَثِيرَ الرِّزْقِ» [مو، مص].
wa-kāna ʾidhā ishtarā mamlūkan qāla: «Allāhumma bārik fīhi, wa-ijʿalhu ṭawīla al-ʿumuri, kathīra al-rizqi» [مو، مص].
When he purchased a slave, he would say: “O Allah, bless him, grant him a long life, and give him abundant provision” [مو، مص].
(١) الْقَعْبُ: الْقَدَحُ.
(1) al-qaʿbu: al-qadaḥu.
(1) Al-qaʿb: a drinking cup.
(٢) مَجَّ: قَذَفَ لُعَابَ.
(2) majja: qadhafa luʿāba.
(2) “Put some saliva into it”: he expelled saliva.
وَإِذَا أَرَادَ الْجِمَاعَ قَالَ:
wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda al-jimāʿa qāla:
When he intends to have intercourse, he says:
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنَا الشَّيْطَانَ، وَجَنِّبِ الشَّيْطَانَ مَا رَزَقْتَنَا» [ع].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma jannibnā al-shayṭāna, wa-jannibi al-shayṭāna mā razaqtanā» [ع].
“In the name of Allah. O Allah, keep Satan away from us, and keep Satan away from whatever You grant us” [ع].
فَإِذَا أَنْزَلَ قَالَ:
fa-ʾidhā ʾanzala qāla:
Then, when he ejaculates, he says:
«اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَجْعَلْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ فِيمَا رَزَقْتَنِي نَصِيبًا» [مو، مص].
«Allāhumma lā tajʿal li-l-shayṭāni fīmā razaqtanī naṣīban» [مو، مص].
“O Allah, grant Satan no share in what You provide me” [مو، مص].
مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِأُمُورِ الْأَوْلَادِ
mā yataʿallaqu biʾumūri al-ʾawlādi
Matters Relating to Children
وَإِنْ أُتِيَ بِمَوْلُودٍ:
wa-ʾin ʾutiya bimawlūdin:
When a newborn is brought to him:
أَذَّنَ فِي أُذُنِهِ حِينَ وِلَادَتِهِ [د، ت، م].
ʾadhdhana fī ʾudhunihi ḥīna wilādatihi [د، ت، م].
He should recite the call to prayer into the child’s ear at the time of birth [د، ت، م].
وَوَضَعَهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ، وَحَنَّكَهُ بِتَمْرَةٍ، وَدَعَا لَهُ، وَبَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ [خ، م].
wa-waḍaʿahu fī ḥijrihi, wa-ḥannakahu bitamratin, wa-daʿā lahu, wa-barraka ʿalayhi [خ، م].
He would place the child in his lap, rub the newborn’s palate with a date, pray for the child, and invoke blessing upon him [خ، م].
وَأَمَرَ ﷺ بِتَسْمِيَةِ الْمَوْلُودِ يَوْمَ سَابِعِهِ، وَوَضْعِ الْأَذَى عَنْهُ، وَالْعَقِّ [ت].
wa-ʾamara ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam bitasmiyati al-mawlūdi yawma sābiʿihi, wa-waḍʿi al-ʾadhā ʿanhu, wa-l-ʿaqqi [ت].
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed that the newborn be named on the seventh day, that the harm be removed from him, and that the sacrificial animal be slaughtered [ت].
وَتَعْوِيذُ الطِّفْلِ: «أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ، مِنْ شَرِّ» [خ، عه] «كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ وَهَامَّةٍ، وَمِنْ كُلِّ (مِنْ كُلِّ)» [د] «عَيْنٍ لَامَّةٍ» [خ، عه، ر].
wa-taʿwīdhu al-ṭifli: «ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmati, min sharri» [خ، عه] «kulli shayṭānin wa-hāmmatin, wa-min kulli (min kulli)» [د] «ʿaynin lāmmatin» [خ، عه، ر].
The prayer for a child’s protection is: “I seek refuge in Allah’s perfect words from the evil of” [خ، عه] “every devil and venomous creature, and from every (from every)” [د] “harmful eye” [خ، عه، ر].
وَإِذَا أَفْصَحَ الْوَلَدُ: فَلْيُعَلِّمْهُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» [ي].
wa-ʾidhā ʾafṣaḥa al-waladu: fa-lyuʿallimhu: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu» [ي].
When the child begins to speak clearly, let him teach the child: “There is no deity but Allah” [ي].
وَكَانَ إِذَا أَفْصَحَ الْوَلَدُ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَلَّمَهُ: ﴿وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا...﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١].
wa-kāna ʾidhā ʾafṣaḥa al-waladu min banī ʿabdi al-muṭṭalibi ʿallamahu: ﴿wa-quli al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī lam yattakhidh waladan...﴾ [al-ʾisrāʾi: 111].
When a child of the Banu Abd al-Muttalib began to speak clearly, he would teach him: ﴿And say: All praise is due to Allah, who has never taken a child…﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١].
«اضْرِبُوهُ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ لِسَبْعٍ، وَاعْزِلُوا فِرَاشَهُ لِتِسْعٍ، وَزَوِّجُوهُ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ».
«iḍribūhu ʿalā al-ṣalāti lisabʿin, wa-iʿzilū firāshahu litisʿin, wa-zawwijūhu lisabʿa ʿashrata».
“Discipline him regarding prayer at seven, separate his bed at nine, and arrange his marriage at seventeen.”
فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيُجْلِسْهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: «لَا جَعَلَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ فِتْنَةً» [ي].
fa-ʾidhā faʿala dhālika fa-lyujlishu bayna yadayhi, thumma liyaqul: «lā jaʿalaka Allāhu ʿalayya fitnatan» [ي].
When he has done that, let him seat the child before him and say: “May Allah not make you a trial for me” [ي].
(١) الْعَقُّ: الشَّقُّ وَالْقَطْعُ، وَهُوَ الذَّبْحُ عَنِ الْمَوْلُودِ.
(1) al-ʿaqqu: al-shaqqu wa-l-qaṭʿu, wa-huwa al-dhabḥu ʿani al-mawlūdi.
(1) Al-ʿaqq means splitting and cutting; here it is the sacrifice made for a newborn.
(٢) قَوْلُهُ: وَهَامَّةٍ: وَاحِدَةُ الْهَوَامِّ الَّتِي تَدِبُّ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَتُؤْذِي النَّاسَ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَلَامَّةٍ: هِيَ الَّتِي تُصِيبُ بِسُوءٍ.
(2) qawluhu: wa-hāmmatin: wāḥidatu al-hawāmmi allatī tadibbu ʿalā al-ʾarḍi wa-tuʾdhī al-nāsa. wa-qawluhu: wa-lāmmatin: hiya allatī tuṣību bisūʾin.
(2) “Hāmmah” is the singular of hawāmm: creatures that crawl upon the earth and harm people. “Lāmmah” means that which afflicts one with harm.
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