الْحِصْنُ الْحَصِينُ
al-Ḥiṣn al-Ḥaṣīn
THE IMPREGNABLE FORTRESS
From the Words of the Master of the Messengers
مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ﷺ
IMAM IBN AL-JAZARĪ
Abū al-Khayr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ibn al-Jazarī · d. 833 AH
[فِيمَا يَهُمُّ مِنْ عَوَارِضَ وَآفَاتٍ فِي الْحَيَاةِ إِلَى الْمَمَاتِ دُعَاءُ الْكَرْبِ وَالْهَمِّ وَالْغَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ]
[fīmā yahummu min ʿawāriḍa wa-ʾāfātin fī al-ḥayāti ʾilā al-mamāti duʿāʾu al-karbi wa-l-hammi wa-l-ghammi wa-l-ḥazani]
[Supplications for distress, worry, anguish, and sorrow, and for the incidents and afflictions that concern a person from life until death]
وَمَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ غَمٌّ أَوْ كَرْبٌ أَوْ أَمْرٌ مُهِمٌّ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-man nazala bihi ghammun ʾaw karbun ʾaw ʾamrun muhimmun fa-lyaqul:
Whoever is afflicted by anguish, distress, or a grave concern should say:
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْعَظِيمُ الْحَلِيمُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ» [خ، م، ت، س، ق].
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ʿaẓīmu al-ḥalīmu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, wa-rabbu al-ʿarshi al-karīmi» [خ، م، ت، س، ق].
“There is no deity but Allah, the Magnificent, the Forbearing. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the heavens and the earth and Lord of the Noble Throne” [خ، م، ت، س، ق].
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَرَبُّ الْأَرْضِ، رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ» [خ].
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-samāwāti, wa-rabbu al-ʾarḍi, rabbu al-ʿarshi al-karīmi» [خ].
“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the heavens, Lord of the earth, and Lord of the Noble Throne” [خ].
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْعَظِيمُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ»، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ [عو].
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-ʿaẓīmu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi», thumma yadʿū baʿda dhālika [عو].
“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Magnificent. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne.” He should then supplicate after that [عو].
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ» [مص، س، حب، مس]، «وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [س، حب، مس].
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, subḥāna Allāhi, wa-tabāraka Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi» [مص، س، حب، مس], «wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [س، حب، مس].
“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to Allah, and blessed is Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne” [مص، س، حب، مس], “and all praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds” [س، حب، مس].
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ، وَرَبِّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ عِبَادِكَ».
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, subḥāna Allāhi rabbi al-samāwāti al-sabʿi, wa-rabbi al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri ʿibādika».
“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and Lord of the Magnificent Throne. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of Your servants.”
صَحِيحُ السَّنَدِ، لِابْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ فِي كِتَابِ «الدُّعَاءِ».
ṣaḥīḥu al-sanadi, li-ibni ʾabī ʿāṣimin fī kitābi «al-duʿāʾi».
Its chain of transmission is sound; it was narrated by Ibn Abi 'Asim in his Book of Supplication.
«حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ» [خ، ت، س].
«ḥasbunā Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu» [خ، ت، س].
“Allah is sufficient for us, and He is the best Trustee” [خ، ت، س].
«حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ» [خ].
«ḥasbiya Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu» [خ].
“Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Trustee” [خ].
«اللَّهُ، اللَّهُ رَبِّي، لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا» [د، س، ق، مص، طس].
«Allāhu, Allāhu rabbī, lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan» [د، س، ق، مص، طس].
“Allah, Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him” [د، س، ق، مص، طس].
«اللَّهُ، رَبِّي لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [طب].
«Allāhu, rabbī lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan. thalātha marrātin» [طب].
“Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him—three times” [طب].
«اللَّهُ، اللَّهُ رَبِّي لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا، اللَّهُ، اللَّهُ رَبِّي لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا» [حب].
«Allāhu, Allāhu rabbī lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan, Allāhu, Allāhu rabbī lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan» [حب].
“Allah, Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him. Allah, Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him” [حب].
«تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ، وَ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١]» [مس].
«tawakkaltu ʿalā al-ḥayyi alladhī lā yamūtu, wa-﴿al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī lam yattakhidh waladan wa-lam yakun lahu sharīkun fī al-mulki wa-lam yakun lahu waliyyun mina al-dhulli wa-kabbirhu takbīran﴾ [al-ʾisrāʾi: 111]» [مس].
“I place my trust in the Ever-Living One who never dies, and ﴿all praise is due to Allah, who has taken no child, has no partner in sovereignty, and has no protector out of weakness; proclaim His greatness abundantly﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١]” [مس].
«اللَّهُمَّ رَحْمَتَكَ أَرْجُو، فَلَا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي شَأْنِيَ كُلَّهُ» [د، حب، ط، مص]، «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [د، حب، مص، ي].
«Allāhumma raḥmataka ʾarjū, fa-lā takilnī ʾilā nafsī ṭarfata ʿaynin, wa-ʾaṣliḥ lī shaʾniya kullahu» [د، حب، ط، مص], «lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta» [د، حب، مص، ي].
“O Allah, I hope for Your mercy, so do not leave me to myself even for the blink of an eye, and set all my affairs right” [د، حب، ط، مص]. “There is no deity but You” [د، حب، مص، ي].
«يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ، بِرَحْمَتِكَ أَسْتَغِيثُ» [مس، ي].
«yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu, biraḥmatika ʾastaghīthu» [مس، ي].
“O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining, through Your mercy I seek relief” [مس، ي].
وَيُكَرِّرُ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ: «يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ» [س، مس].
wa-yukarriru wa-huwa sājidun: «yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu» [س، مس].
While prostrating, he should repeatedly say, “O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining” [س، مس].
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ» [ي]. لَمْ يَدْعُ بِهَا رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ فِي شَيْءٍ قَطُّ، إِلَّا اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ لَهُ [ت، س، مس، أ، ر، ص].
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, subḥānaka ʾinnī kuntu mina al-ẓālimīna» [ي]. lam yadʿu bihā rajulun muslimun fī shayʾin qaṭṭu, ʾillā istajāba Allāhu lahu [ت، س، مس، أ، ر، ص].
“There is no deity but You. Glory be to You; I have indeed been among the wrongdoers” [ي]. No Muslim has ever supplicated with these words for anything without Allah answering him [ت، س، مس، أ، ر، ص].
وَ«مَا قَالَ عَبْدٌ أَصَابَهُ هَمٌّ أَوْ حَزَنٌ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي عَبْدُكَ، وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ [أ، ص، ر، مص]، ابْنُ أَمَتِكَ، نَاصِيَتِي بِيَدِكَ، مَاضٍ فِيَّ حُكْمُكَ، عَدْلٌ فِيَّ قَضَاؤُكَ، أَسْأَلُكَ بِكُلِّ اسْمٍ هُوَ لَكَ،
wa-«mā qāla ʿabdun ʾaṣābahu hammun ʾaw ḥazanun: Allāhumma ʾinnī ʿabduka, wa-ibnu ʿabdika [أ، ص، ر، مص], ibnu ʾamatika, nāṣiyatī biyadika, māḍin fiyya ḥukmuka, ʿadlun fiyya qaḍāʾuka, ʾasʾaluka bikulli ismin huwa laka,
“No servant afflicted by worry or sorrow has ever said, ‘O Allah, I am Your servant, the son of Your male servant [أ، ص، ر، مص], and the son of Your female servant. My forelock is in Your hand; Your judgment over me is carried out, and Your decree concerning me is just. I ask You by every name that is Yours,
سَمَّيْتَ بِهِ نَفْسَكَ، أَوْ أَنْزَلْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِكَ، أَوْ عَلَّمْتَهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ، أَوِ اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهِ فِي عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ عِنْدَكَ، أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ رَبِيعَ قَلْبِي، وَنُورَ بَصَرِي، وَجَلَاءَ حُزْنِي، وَذَهَابَ هَمِّي (غَمِّي [ر]) (١)،
sammayta bihi nafsaka, ʾaw ʾanzaltahu fī kitābika, ʾaw ʿallamtahu ʾaḥadan min khalqika, ʾawi istaʾtharta bihi fī ʿilmi al-ghaybi ʿindaka, ʾan tajʿala al-qurʾāna al-ʿaẓīma rabīʿa qalbī, wa-nūra baṣarī, wa-jalāʾa ḥuznī, wa-dhahāba hammī (ghammī [ر]) (1),
with which You have named Yourself, which You have revealed in Your Book, which You have taught any of Your creation, or which You have kept to Yourself in the knowledge of the unseen with You, to make the Magnificent Qur’an the springtime of my heart, the light of my sight, the remover of my sorrow, and the banisher of my worry (my anguish [ر]) (1),’
إِلَّا أَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ هَمَّهُ، وَأَبْدَلَ مَكَانَ حُزْنِهِ فَرَحًا» [حب، مس، أ، ص، ر، مص، ط].
ʾillā ʾadhhaba Allāhu hammahu, wa-ʾabdala makāna ḥuznihi faraḥan» [حب، مس، أ، ص، ر، مص، ط].
without Allah removing his worry and replacing his sorrow with joy” [حب، مس، أ، ص، ر، مص، ط].
«مَنْ قَالَ: لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، كَانَتْ دَوَاءً مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ وَتِسْعِينَ دَاءً، أَيْسَرُهَا الْهَمُّ» [مس، ط].
«man qāla: lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, kānat dawāʾan min tisʿatin wa-tisʿīna dāʾan, ʾaysaruhā al-hammu» [مس، ط].
“Whoever says, ‘There is no power and no strength except through Allah,’ it will be a remedy for ninety-nine ailments, the least of which is worry” [مس، ط].
«مَنْ لَزِمَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ، جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ ضِيقٍ مَخْرَجًا، وَمِنْ كُلِّ هَمٍّ فَرَجًا، وَرَزَقَهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ» [د، س، ق، حب].
«man lazima al-istighfāra, jaʿala Allāhu lahu min kulli ḍīqin makhrajan, wa-min kulli hammin farajan, wa-razaqahu min ḥaythu lā yaḥtasibu» [د، س، ق، حب].
“Whoever persistently seeks forgiveness, Allah will make for him a way out of every hardship, relief from every worry, and provision from where he does not expect it” [د، س، ق، حب].
وَتَقَدَّمَ مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ كَرْبٌ أَوْ شِدَّةٌ عِنْدَ سَمَاعِهِ الْمُؤَذِّنَ [مس].
wa-taqaddama mā yaqūlu man nazala bihi karbun ʾaw shiddatun ʿinda samāʿihi al-muʾadhdhina [مس].
What one afflicted by distress or hardship should say upon hearing the caller to prayer was mentioned earlier [مس].
(١) قَوْلُهُ: رَبِيعُ قَلْبِي: أَيْ أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ كَالرَّبِيعِ، أَيْ يَجْعَلُ قَلْبَهُ مُرْتَاحًا إِلَى الْقُرْآنِ مَائِلًا إِلَيْهِ رَاغِبًا فِي تِلَاوَتِهِ وَتَدَبُّرِهِ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَنُورُ بَصَرِي: سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ مُنَوَّرَ الْبَصِيرَةِ.
(1) qawluhu: rabīʿu qalbī: ʾay ʾasʾaluka ʾan tajʿala al-qurʾāna ka-l-rabīʿi, ʾay yajʿalu qalbahu murtāḥan ʾilā al-qurʾāni māʾilan ʾilayhi rāghiban fī tilāwatihi wa-tadabburihi. wa-qawluhu: wa-nūru baṣarī: saʾalahu ʾan yajʿalahu munawwara al-baṣīrati.
(1) “The springtime of my heart” means: I ask You to make the Qur’an like spring, causing the heart to feel at ease with it, incline toward it, and desire to recite and reflect upon it. “The light of my sight” means that he asks Allah to illuminate his inner perception.
وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ شِفَاءَ هَمِّهِ وَغَمِّهِ، لِيَكُونَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّوَاءِ الَّذِي يَسْتَأْصِلُ الدَّاءَ، وَأَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ لِحُزْنِهِ كَالْجَلَاءِ الَّذِي يَجْلُو الطُّبُوعَ وَالْأَصْدِيَةَ.
wa-saʾalahu ʾan yajʿalahu shifāʾa hammihi wa-ghammihi, liyakūna bimanzilati al-dawāʾi alladhī yastaʾṣilu al-dāʾa, wa-ʾan yajʿalahu liḥuznihi ka-l-jalāʾi alladhī yajlū al-ṭubūʿa wa-l-ʾaṣdiyata.
He also asks Him to make it a cure for his worry and anguish, like medicine that eradicates disease, and to make it a remover of his sorrow, like a polish that removes tarnish and rust.
وَإِنْ تَوَقَّعَ بَلَاءً، أَوْ أَمْرًا مَهُولًا، أَوْ وَقَعَ فِي أَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ قَالَ:
wa-ʾin tawaqqaʿa balāʾan, ʾaw ʾamran mahūlan, ʾaw wa-qaʿa fī ʾamrin ʿaẓīmin qāla:
If he anticipates an affliction or a terrifying event, or becomes caught in a grave situation, he should say:
«حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، عَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا» [ت، مص].
«ḥasbunā Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu, ʿalā Allāhi tawakkalnā» [ت، مص].
“Allah is sufficient for us, and He is the best Trustee. In Allah we place our trust” [ت، مص].
وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾin ʾaṣābathu muṣībatun fa-lyaqul:
If a calamity befalls him, he should say:
«إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ عِنْدَكَ أَحْتَسِبُ مُصِيبَتِي، فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا، وَأَبْدِلْنِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا» [ت، س، ق].
«ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna, Allāhumma ʿindaka ʾaḥtasibu muṣībatī, fa-ʾjurnī fīhā, wa-ʾabdilnī khayran minhā» [ت، س، ق].
“We belong to Allah, and to Him we are returning. O Allah, I entrust the reward for my calamity to You, so reward me for it and give me something better in its place” [ت، س، ق].
«إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي، وَاخْلُفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا» [م].
«ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna, Allāhumma ʾjurnī fī muṣībatī, wa-ukhluf lī khayran minhā» [م].
“We belong to Allah, and to Him we are returning. O Allah, reward me for my calamity and give me something better in its place” [م].
وَإِذَا خَافَ أَحَدًا:
wa-ʾidhā khāfa ʾaḥadan:
When he fears someone:
«اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنَاهُ بِمَا شِئْتَ».
«Allāhumma ikfināhu bimā shiʾta».
“O Allah, suffice us against him however You will.”
صَحِيحٌ، رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي «الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ» عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ.
ṣaḥīḥun, rawāhu ʾabū nuʿaymin fī «al-mustakhraji» ʿalā muslimin.
This is sound; Abu Nu'aym narrated it in al-Mustakhraj upon Muslim’s collection.
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ، وَنَدْرَأُ بِكَ فِي نُحُورِهِمْ» [عو].
«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika min shurūrihim, wa-nadraʾu bika fī nuḥūrihim» [عو].
“O Allah, we seek refuge in You from their evils, and through You we repel them head-on” [عو].
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَجْعَلُكَ فِي نُحُورِهِمْ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ» [عو].
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾajʿaluka fī nuḥūrihim, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min shurūrihim» [عو].
“O Allah, I place You before them, and I seek refuge in You from their evils” [عو].
وَإِنْ خَافَ سُلْطَانًا أَوْ ظَالِمًا فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾin khāfa sulṭānan ʾaw ẓāliman fa-lyaqul:
If he fears a ruler or an oppressor, he should say:
«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَعَزُّ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ جَمِيعًا، اللَّهُ أَعَزُّ مِمَّا أَخَافُ وَأَحْذَرُ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْمُمْسِكِ السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، مِنْ شَرِّ عَبْدِكَ فُلَانٍ، وَجُنُودِهِ،
«Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhu ʾaʿazzu min khalqihi jamīʿan, Allāhu ʾaʿazzu mimmā ʾakhāfu wa-ʾaḥdharu, ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-mumsiki al-samāʾa ʾan taqaʿa ʿalā al-ʾarḍi ʾillā bi-ʾidhnihi, min sharri ʿabdika fulānin, wa-junūdihi,
“Allah is the Greatest. Allah is mightier than all His creation. Allah is mightier than what I fear and guard against. I seek refuge in Allah—there is no deity but Him—who holds the sky back from falling upon the earth except by His permission, from the evil of Your servant so-and-so, his forces,
وَأَتْبَاعِهِ، وَأَشْيَاعِهِ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ، اللَّهُمَّ كُنْ لِي جَارًا مِنْ شَرِّهِمْ، جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُكَ، وَعَزَّ جَارُكَ، لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [ط، مو، مص، مر، ط].
wa-ʾatbāʿihi, wa-ʾashyāʿihi mina al-jinni wa-l-ʾinsi, Allāhumma kun lī jāran min sharrihim, jalla thanāʾuka, wa-ʿazza jāruka, lā ʾilāha ghayruka. thalātha marrātin» [ط، مو، مص، مر، ط].
followers, and supporters among jinn and humankind. O Allah, be my protector against their evil. Exalted is Your praise, mighty is Your protection, and there is no deity other than You—three times” [ط، مو، مص، مر، ط].
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ، أَوْ أَنْ يَطْغَى» [مو، مي].
«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika ʾan yafruṭa ʿalaynā ʾaḥadun minhum, ʾaw ʾan yaṭghā» [مو، مي].
“O Allah, we seek refuge in You lest any of them hasten to harm us or transgress against us” [مو، مي].
«اللَّهُمَّ إِلَهَ جِبْرِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلَ، وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، وَإِلَهَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَإِسْحَاقَ، عَافِنِي، وَلَا تُسَلِّطَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ لَا طَاقَةَ لِي بِهِ» [مو، مص].
«Allāhumma ʾilāha jibrīla, wa-mīkāʾīla, wa-ʾisrāfīla, wa-ʾilāha ʾibrāhīma, wa-ʾismāʿīla, wa-ʾisḥāqa, ʿāfinī, wa-lā tusalliṭanna ʾaḥadan min khalqika ʿalayya bishayʾin lā ṭāqata lī bihi» [مو، مص].
“O Allah, God of Gabriel, Michael, and Israfil, and God of Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac, grant me well-being, and never give any of Your creation power over me to inflict something I cannot bear” [مو، مص].
«رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا، وَبِالْقُرْآنِ حَكَمًا وَإِمَامًا» [مو، مص].
«raḍītu bi-llāhi rabban, wa-bi-l-ʾislāmi dīnan, wa-bimuḥammadin nabiyyan, wa-bi-l-qurʾāni ḥakaman wa-ʾimāman» [مو، مص].
“I am content with Allah as Lord, Islam as religion, Muhammad as prophet, and the Qur’an as judge and leader” [مو، مص].
فَإِنْ خَافَ شَيْطَانًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ:
fa-ʾin khāfa shayṭānan ʾaw ghayrahu fa-lyaqul:
If he fears a devil or anything else, he should say:
«أَعُوذُ بِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَبِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ الَّتِي لَا يُجَاوِزُهُنَّ بَرٌّ وَلَا فَاجِرٌ، مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ وَذَرَأَ وَبَرَأَ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَعْرُجُ فِيهَا،
«ʾaʿūdhu biwajhi Allāhi al-karīmi, wa-bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmāti allatī lā yujāwizuhunna barrun wa-lā fājirun, min sharri mā khalaqa wa-dharaʾa wa-baraʾa, wa-min sharri mā yanzilu mina al-samāʾi, wa-min sharri mā yaʿruju fīhā,
“I seek refuge in the Noble Face of Allah and in Allah’s perfect words, which neither the righteous nor the wicked can surpass, from the evil of what He created, brought forth, and fashioned; from the evil of what descends from the sky and the evil of what ascends into it;
وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا ذَرَأَ فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا، وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتَنِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ طَارِقٍ، إِلَّا طَارِقًا يَطْرُقُ بِخَيْرٍ يَا رَحْمَنُ» [أ، طب، س، ط، ص، مص].
wa-min sharri mā dharaʾa fī al-ʾarḍi, wa-min sharri mā yakhruju minhā, wa-min sharri fitani al-layli wa-l-nahāri, wa-min sharri kulli ṭāriqin, ʾillā ṭāriqan yaṭruqu bikhayrin yā raḥmānu» [أ، طب، س، ط، ص، مص].
from the evil of what He spread throughout the earth and the evil of what emerges from it; from the evil trials of night and day; and from the evil of every visitor by night, except one who comes bringing good, O Most Compassionate” [أ، طب، س، ط، ص، مص].
وَإِذَا تَغَوَّلَتِ الْغِيلَانُ:
wa-ʾidhā taghawwalati al-ghīlānu:
If ghouls appear to him:
نَادَى بِالْأَذَانِ [م، ر، مص].
nādā bi-l-ʾadhāni [م، ر، مص].
He should call the adhan [م، ر، مص].
وَقِرَاءَةُ آيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ [ت، مص].
wa-qirāʾatu ʾāyati al-kursiyyi [ت، مص].
He should also recite Ayat al-Kursi [ت، مص].
وَمَنْ فَزِعَ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-man faziʿa fa-lyaqul:
Whoever is frightened should say:
«أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونِي» [د، ت، س].
«ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmati min ghaḍabihi, wa-min sharri ʿibādihi, wa-min hamazāti al-shayāṭīni, wa-ʾan yaḥḍurūnī» [د، ت، س].
“I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from His wrath, from the evil of His servants, from the incitements of the devils, and from their presence around me” [د، ت، س].
وَمَنْ غَلَبَهُ أَمْرٌ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-man ghalabahu ʾamrun fa-lyaqul:
Whoever is overwhelmed by a matter should say:
«حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ» [د، س، ي].
«ḥasbiya Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu» [د، س، ي].
“Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Trustee” [د، س، ي].
وَمَنْ وَقَعَ لَهُ مَا لَا يَخْتَارُهُ:
wa-man wa-qaʿa lahu mā lā yakhtāruhu:
Whoever experiences something he would not have chosen:
فَلَا يَقُلْ: لَوْ أَنِّي فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا. وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ: «بِقَدَرِ (قَدَرُ [س، ي]) اللَّهِ، وَمَا شَاءَ فَعَلَ (صَنَعَ [س، ي])» [م، س، ق، ي].
fa-lā yaqul: law ʾannī faʿaltu kadhā wa-kadhā. wa-lākin liyaqul: «biqadari (qadaru [س، ي]) Allāhi, wa-mā shāʾa faʿala (ṣanaʿa [س، ي])» [م، س، ق، ي].
He should not say, “If only I had done such and such.” Rather, he should say, “It happened by Allah’s decree (It is Allah’s decree [س، ي]), and He did (brought about [س، ي]) whatever He willed” [م، س، ق، ي].
وَإِنِ اسْتَصْعَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرٌ قَالَ:
wa-ʾini istaṣʿaba ʿalayhi ʾamrun qāla:
If a matter proves difficult for him, he should say:
«اللَّهُمَّ لَا سَهْلَ إِلَّا مَا جَعَلْتَهُ سَهْلًا، وَأَنْتَ تَجْعَلُ الْحَزْنَ (١) سَهْلًا إِذَا شِئْتَ» [حب، ي].
«Allāhumma lā sahla ʾillā mā jaʿaltahu sahlan, wa-ʾanta tajʿalu al-ḥazna (1) sahlan ʾidhā shiʾta» [حب، ي].
“O Allah, nothing is easy except what You make easy, and You can make rough terrain (1) easy if You will” [حب، ي].
وَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ، أَوْ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ:
wa-man kānat lahu ḥājatun ʾilā Allāhi, ʾaw ʾilā ʾaḥadin min banī ʾādama:
Whoever has a need from Allah or from any human being:
فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، وَلْيُحْسِنْ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ لِيُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُثْنِي عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَيُصَلِّي
fa-lyatawaḍḍaʾ, wa-lyuḥsin wuḍūʾahu, thumma liyuṣalli rakʿatayni, thumma yuthnī ʿalā Allāhi, wa-yuṣallī
He should perform ablution and do it well, then pray two rak'ahs, praise Allah, and invoke blessings
(١) الْحَزْنُ: الْمَكَانُ الْخَشِنُ وَالصَّعْبُ وَالْوَعْرُ، وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا سُهُولَةَ فِيهِ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الدُّعَاءُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى يَجْعَلُ كُلَّ صَعْبٍ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ سَهْلًا يُمْكِنُ الْوُصُولُ إِلَيْهِ بِلَا صُعُوبَةٍ.
(1) al-ḥaznu: al-makānu al-khashinu wa-l-ṣaʿbu wa-l-waʿru, wa-yuṭlaqu ʿalā kulli shayʾin lā suhūlata fīhi, wa-fī al-ḥadīthi al-duʿāʾu biʾanna Allāha subḥānahu wa-taʿālā yajʿalu kulla ṣaʿbin mina al-ʾumūri sahlan yumkinu al-wuṣūlu ʾilayhi bilā ṣuʿūbatin.
(1) Hazn means rugged, difficult, and rough ground. It is also used for anything that is not easy. In this hadith, the supplication asks Allah, Glorious and Exalted, to make every difficult matter easy and attainable without hardship.
عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، أَسْأَلُكَ مُوجِبَاتِ رَحْمَتِكَ [ت]، وَعَزَائِمَ مَغْفِرَتِكَ، وَالْعِصْمَةَ [س] (وَالْغَنِيمَةَ [ت]) مِنْ كُلِّ ذَنْبٍ [س، بر، ت]،
ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-lyaqul: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, subḥāna Allāhi rabbi al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, ʾasʾaluka mūjibāti raḥmatika [ت], wa-ʿazāʾima maghfiratika, wa-l-ʿiṣmata [س] (wa-l-ghanīmata [ت]) min kulli dhanbin [س، بر، ت],
upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and say: “There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. I ask You for the means that bring Your mercy [ت], the means that assure Your forgiveness, and either protection [س] from every sin [س، بر، ت] or a share in every good deed [ت],
وَالسَّلَامَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ إِثْمٍ [مس، ت]، لَا تَدَعْ لِي ذَنْبًا إِلَّا غَفَرْتَهُ، وَلَا هَمًّا إِلَّا فَرَّجْتَهُ، وَلَا حَاجَةً هِيَ لَكَ رِضًا، إِلَّا قَضَيْتَهَا يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ» [ت].
wa-l-salāmata min kulli ʾithmin [مس، ت], lā tadaʿ lī dhanban ʾillā ghafartahu, wa-lā hamman ʾillā farrajtahu, wa-lā ḥājatan hiya laka riḍan, ʾillā qaḍaytahā yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna» [ت].
and safety from every offense [مس، ت]. Leave no sin of mine unforgiven, no worry unrelieved, and no need pleasing to You unfulfilled, O Most Merciful of the merciful” [ت].
وَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ ضَرُورَةٌ:
wa-man kānat lahu ḍarūratun:
Whoever is in dire need:
فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، فَيُحْسِنْ وُضُوءَهُ، وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ، وَأَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَيْكَ، بِنَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ نَبِيِّ الرَّحْمَةِ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنِّي أَتَوَجَّهُ بِكَ إِلَى رَبِّي فِي حَاجَتِي هَذِهِ لِتُقْضَى لِي، اللَّهُمَّ فَشَفِّعْهُ فِيَّ» [ت، س، ق، مس].
fa-lyatawaḍḍaʾ, fa-yuḥsin wuḍūʾahu, wa-yuṣallī rakʿatayni, thumma yadʿū: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka, wa-ʾatawajjahu ʾilayka, binabiyyika muḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam nabiyyi al-raḥmati, yā muḥammadu ʾinnī ʾatawajjahu bika ʾilā rabbī fī ḥājatī hādhihi lituqḍā lī, Allāhumma fa-shaffiʿhu fiyya» [ت، س، ق، مس].
He should perform ablution and do it well, pray two rak'ahs, and then supplicate: “O Allah, I ask You and turn to You through Your Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet of mercy. O Muhammad, through you I turn to my Lord regarding this need of mine so that it may be fulfilled for me. O Allah, accept his intercession for me” [ت، س، ق، مس].
وَمَنْ أَرَادَ حِفْظَ الْقُرْآنِ:
wa-man ʾarāda ḥifẓa al-qurʾāni:
Whoever wishes to memorize the Qur’an:
فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَقُومَ فِي ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ الْآخِرِ، فَإِنَّهَا سَاعَةٌ مَشْهُودَةٌ، وَالدُّعَاءُ فِيهَا مُسْتَجَابٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَفِي وَسَطِهَا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَفِي أَوَّلِهَا، فَيُصَلِّي أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ،
fa-ʾidhā kānat laylatu al-jumuʿati, fa-ʾini istaṭāʿa ʾan yaqūma fī thuluthi al-layli al-ʾākhiri, fa-ʾinnahā sāʿatun mashhūdatun, wa-l-duʿāʾu fīhā mustajābun, fa-ʾin lam yastaṭiʿ fa-fī wasaṭihā, fa-ʾin lam yastaṭiʿ fa-fī ʾawwalihā, fa-yuṣallī ʾarbaʿa rakaʿātin,
On the eve of Friday, if he can rise during the final third of the night, he should do so, for it is an attended hour in which supplication is answered. If he cannot, then during the middle of the night; and if he cannot, then during its beginning. He should pray four rak'ahs,
يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَسُورَةَ «يٰسٓ»، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَ«حمٓ» [الدُّخَانِ]، وَفِي الثَّالِثَةِ «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَ«الٓمٓ تَنْزِيل» [السَّجْدَةِ]، وَفِي الرَّابِعَةِ «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَ«تَبَارَكَ» [الْمُلْكِ]، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ التَّشَهُّدِ، فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ، وَلْيُحْسِنِ الثَّنَاءَ عَلَى اللَّهِ،
yaqraʾu fī al-ʾūlā «al-fātiḥata» wa-sūrata «Yā Sīn», wa-fī al-thāniyati «al-fātiḥata» wa-«Ḥā Mīm» [al-dukhāni], wa-fī al-thālithati «al-fātiḥata» wa-«ʾAlif Lām Mīm tanzīl» [al-sajdati], wa-fī al-rābiʿati «al-fātiḥata» wa-«tabāraka» [al-mulki], fa-ʾidhā faragha mina al-tashahhudi, fa-lyaḥmadi Allāha, wa-lyuḥsini al-thanāʾa ʿalā Allāhi,
reciting “al-Fatihah” and Surah “Ya-Sin” in the first, “al-Fatihah” and “Ha-Mim” [الدُّخَانِ] in the second, “al-Fatihah” and “Alif-Lam-Mim: Revelation” [السَّجْدَةِ] in the third, and “al-Fatihah” and “Blessed is He” [الْمُلْكِ] in the fourth. After completing the tashahhud, he should praise Allah and extol Him well,
وَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلْيُحْسِنْ، وَعَلَى سَائِرِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَلْيَسْتَغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَلِإِخْوَانِهِ الَّذِينَ سَبَقُوهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ فِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ:
wa-lyuṣalli ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-lyuḥsin, wa-ʿalā sāʾiri al-ʾanbiyāʾi, wa-lyastaghfir li-l-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti, wa-li-ʾikhwānihi alladhīna sabaqūhu bi-l-ʾīmāni, thumma liyaqul fī ʾākhiri dhālika:
invoke abundant blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and upon all the other prophets, and seek forgiveness for the believing men and women and for his brothers and sisters who preceded him in faith. At the end of all this, he should say:
«اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْنِي بِتَرْكِ الْمَعَاصِي أَبَدًا مَا أَبْقَيْتَنِي، وَارْحَمْنِي أَنْ أَتَكَلَّفَ مَا لَا يَعْنِينِي، وَارْزُقْنِي حُسْنَ النَّظَرِ فِيمَا يُرْضِيكَ عَنِّي؛
«Allāhumma irḥamnī bitarki al-maʿāṣī ʾabadan mā ʾabqaytanī, wa-irḥamnī ʾan ʾatakallafa mā lā yaʿnīnī, wa-urzuqnī ḥusna al-naẓari fīmā yurḍīka ʿannī;
“O Allah, have mercy on me by enabling me to abandon acts of disobedience for as long as You keep me alive. Have mercy on me by keeping me from taking on what does not concern me, and grant me sound understanding of what will make You pleased with me.
اللَّهُمَّ بَدِيعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، وَالْعِزَّةِ الَّتِي لَا تُرَامُ، أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ، يَا رَحْمَنُ، بِجَلَالِكَ وَنُورِ وَجْهِكَ، أَنْ تُلْزِمَ قَلْبِيَ حِفْظَ كِتَابِكَ كَمَا عَلَّمْتَنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي أَنْ أَتْلُوَهُ عَلَى النَّحْوِ الَّذِي يُرْضِيكَ عَنِّي؛
Allāhumma badīʿa al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi, wa-l-ʿizzati allatī lā turāmu, ʾasʾaluka yā Allāhu, yā raḥmānu, bijalālika wa-nūri wajhika, ʾan tulzima qalbiya ḥifẓa kitābika kamā ʿallamtanī, wa-urzuqnī ʾan ʾatluwahu ʿalā al-naḥwi alladhī yurḍīka ʿannī;
O Allah, Originator of the heavens and earth, Possessor of majesty, honor, and unassailable might, I ask You, O Allah, O Most Compassionate, by Your majesty and the light of Your Face, to bind my heart to the memorization of Your Book as You have taught me, and grant me the ability to recite it in a manner that pleases You and earns Your approval of me.
اللَّهُمَّ بَدِيعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ وَالْعِزَّةِ الَّتِي لَا تُرَامُ، أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ يَا رَحْمَنُ بِجَلَالِكَ وَنُورِ وَجْهِكَ، أَنْ تُنَوِّرَ بِكِتَابِكَ بَصَرِي، وَأَنْ تُطْلِقَ بِهِ لِسَانِي، وَأَنْ تُفَرِّجَ بِهِ عَنْ قَلْبِي، وَأَنْ
Allāhumma badīʿa al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi wa-l-ʿizzati allatī lā turāmu, ʾasʾaluka yā Allāhu yā raḥmānu bijalālika wa-nūri wajhika, ʾan tunawwira bikitābika baṣarī, wa-ʾan tuṭliqa bihi lisānī, wa-ʾan tufarrija bihi ʿan qalbī, wa-ʾan
O Allah, Originator of the heavens and earth, Possessor of majesty, honor, and unassailable might, I ask You, O Allah, O Most Compassionate, by Your majesty and the light of Your Face, to illuminate my sight through Your Book, loosen my tongue through it, relieve my heart through it,
تَشْرَحَ بِهِ صَدْرِي، وَأَنْ تَسْتَعْمِلَ بِهِ بَدَنِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعِينُنِي عَلَى الْحَقِّ غَيْرُكَ، وَلَا يُؤْتِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ.
tashraḥa bihi ṣadrī, wa-ʾan tastaʿmila bihi badanī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yuʿīnunī ʿalā al-ḥaqqi ghayruka, wa-lā yuʾtīhi ʾillā ʾanta, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi al-ʿaliyyi al-ʿaẓīmi.
expand my breast through it, and employ my body in its service. No one but You helps me uphold the truth, and no one but You grants it. There is no power and no strength except through Allah, the Most High, the Magnificent.
يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ جُمَعٍ، أَوْ خَمْسًا أَوْ سَبْعًا، يُجَابُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ، مَا أَخْطَأَ مُؤْمِنًا قَطُّ» [ت، مس].
yafʿalu dhālika thalātha jumaʿin, ʾaw khamsan ʾaw sabʿan, yujābu bi-ʾidhni Allāhi, wa-alladhī baʿathanī bi-l-ḥaqqi, mā ʾakhṭaʾa muʾminan qaṭṭu» [ت، مس].
He should do this for three, five, or seven Fridays, and he will be answered by Allah’s permission. By the One who sent me with the truth, it has never failed any believer” [ت، مس].
وَإِذَا أَخْطَأَ أَوْ أَذْنَبَ:
wa-ʾidhā ʾakhṭaʾa ʾaw ʾadhnaba:
When he makes a mistake or commits a sin:
فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتُوبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَلْيَأْتِ، فَلْيَمُدَّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ:
fa-ʾaḥabba ʾan yatūba ʾilā Allāhi taʿālā, fa-lyaʾti, fa-lyamudda yadayhi ʾilā Allāhi ʿazza wa-jalla, thumma yaqūlu:
If he wishes to repent to Allah Most High, he should come forward, extend his hands toward Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and then say:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهَا، لَا أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهَا أَبَدًا، فَإِنَّهُ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَرْجِعْ فِي عَمَلِهِ ذَلِكَ» [مس].
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾatūbu ʾilayka minhā, lā ʾarjiʿu ʾilayhā ʾabadan, fa-ʾinnahu yughfaru lahu mā lam yarjiʿ fī ʿamalihi dhālika» [مس].
“O Allah, I repent to You from it and will never return to it; he will then be forgiven, provided he does not return to that deed” [مس].
«مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُذْنِبُ ذَنْبًا، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَتَطَهَّرُ (فَيَتَوَضَّأُ [ي])، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ [ي]، ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ (لِذَلِكَ الذَّنْبِ [ي])، إِلَّا غَفَرَ لَهُ» [عه، حب، ي].
«mā min rajulin yudhnibu dhanban, thumma yaqūmu fa-yataṭahharu (fa-yatawaḍḍaʾu [ي]), thumma yuṣallī rakʿatayni [ي], thumma yastaghfiru Allāha (li-dhālika al-dhanbi [ي]), ʾillā ghafara lahu» [عه، حب، ي].
“No man commits a sin, then rises and purifies himself (performs ablution [ي]), prays two rak'ahs [ي], and seeks Allah’s forgiveness (for that sin [ي]), without Allah forgiving him” [عه، حب، ي].
وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: وَاذُنُوبَاهْ، وَاذُنُوبَاهْ. فَقَالَ: «قُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ مَغْفِرَتُكَ أَوْسَعُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِي، وَرَحْمَتُكَ أَرْجَى عِنْدِي مِنْ عَمَلِي»، فَقَالَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «عُدْ»، فَعَادَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «عُدْ»، فَعَادَ، فَقَالَ: «قُمْ، فَقَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ» [مس].
wa-jāʾa rajulun ʾilā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fa-qāla: wā-dhunūbāh, wā-dhunūbāh. fa-qāla: «qul: Allāhumma maghfiratuka ʾawsaʿu min dhunūbī, wa-raḥmatuka ʾarjā ʿindī min ʿamalī», fa-qālahā, thumma qāla: «ʿud», fa-ʿāda, thumma qāla: «ʿud», fa-ʿāda, fa-qāla: «qum, fa-qad ghafara Allāhu laka» [مس].
A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and cried, “Alas for my sins! Alas for my sins!” He told him, “Say: ‘O Allah, Your forgiveness is more vast than my sins, and I place more hope in Your mercy than in my deeds.’” The man said it. He then told him, “Say it again,” and the man repeated it. He again told him, “Say it again,” and the man repeated it. He then said, “Rise, for Allah has forgiven you” [مس].
«إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ النَّهَارِ، وَيَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ اللَّيْلِ، حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا» [م].
«ʾinna Allāha yabsuṭu yadahu bi-l-layli liyatūba musīʾu al-nahāri, wa-yabsuṭu yadahu bi-l-nahāri liyatūba musīʾu al-layli, ḥattā taṭluʿa al-shamsu min maghribihā» [م].
“Allah extends His hand by night so that the sinner of the day may repent, and He extends His hand by day so that the sinner of the night may repent, until the sun rises from the west” [م].
وَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَحَدُنَا يُذْنِبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ مِنْهُ وَيَتُوبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُغْفَرُ لَهُ، وَيُتَابُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ: فَيَعُودُ فَيُذْنِبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ مِنْهُ وَيَتُوبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُغْفَرُ لَهُ، وَيُتَابُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَمَلُّ اللَّهُ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا» [طس، ط].
wa-jāʾahu rajulun fa-qāla: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾaḥadunā yudhnibu? qāla: «yuktabu ʿalayhi». qāla: thumma yastaghfiru minhu wa-yatūbu? qāla: «yughfaru lahu, wa-yutābu ʿalayhi». qāla: fa-yaʿūdu fa-yudhnibu? qāla: «yuktabu ʿalayhi». qāla: thumma yastaghfiru minhu wa-yatūbu? qāla: «yughfaru lahu, wa-yutābu ʿalayhi, wa-lā yamallu Allāhu ḥattā tamallū» [طس، ط].
A man came to him and asked, “Messenger of Allah, does one of us commit a sin?” He replied, “It is recorded against him.” The man asked, “Then he seeks forgiveness for it and repents?” He replied, “He is forgiven, and his repentance is accepted.” He asked, “Then he returns and sins again?” He replied, “It is recorded against him.” He asked, “Then he seeks forgiveness for it and repents?” He replied, “He is forgiven, and his repentance is accepted. Allah does not weary until you weary” [طس، ط].
فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالْأُمُورِ الْعُلْوِيَّةِ كَسَحَابٍ وَرَعْدٍ وَمَطَرٍ وَهِلَالٍ وَرِيحٍ
fīmā yataʿallaqu bi-l-ʾumūri al-ʿulwiyyati kasaḥābin wa-raʿdin wa-maṭarin wa-hilālin wa-rīḥin
Supplications Concerning Celestial Matters: Clouds, Thunder, Rain, the Crescent Moon, and Wind
وَإِذَا قُحِطُوا الْمَطَرَ:
wa-ʾidhā quḥiṭū al-maṭara:
When rain has been withheld from them:
فَلْيَجْثُوا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُولُوا: «يَا رَبِّ، يَا رَبِّ» [عو].
fa-lyajthū ʿalā al-rukabi, thumma liyaqūlū: «yā rabbi, yā rabbi» [عو].
They should kneel and say, “My Lord! My Lord!” [عو].
وَدُعَاءُ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ:
wa-duʿāʾu al-istisqāʾi:
The supplication for seeking rain is:
«اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا [خ]، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا» [م].
«Allāhumma isqinā, Allāhumma isqinā, Allāhumma isqinā [خ], Allāhumma ʾaghithnā, Allāhumma ʾaghithnā, Allāhumma ʾaghithnā» [م].
“O Allah, give us rain! O Allah, give us rain! O Allah, give us rain! [خ] O Allah, send us relief! O Allah, send us relief! O Allah, send us relief!” [م].
فَإِنْ كَانَ إِمَامًا:
fa-ʾin kāna ʾimāman:
If he is the leader:
خَرَجَ إِذَا بَدَا حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ، فَقَعَدَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَكَبَّرَ وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ؛
kharaja ʾidhā badā ḥājibu al-shamsi, fa-qaʿada ʿalā al-minbari, fa-kabbara wa-ḥamida Allāha taʿālā, thumma qāla: «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi, māliki yawmi al-dīni, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu yafʿalu mā yurīdu;
He should go out when the rim of the sun appears, sit on the pulpit, proclaim Allah’s greatness, and praise Allah Most High. Then he should say: “All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful, Master of the Day of Judgment. There is no deity but Allah; He does whatever He wills.
اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ الْغَنِيُّ وَنَحْنُ الْفُقَرَاءُ، أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا الْغَيْثَ، وَاجْعَلْ مَا أَنْزَلْتَ عَلَيْنَا قُوَّةً وَبَلَاغًا إِلَى حِينٍ»، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ بَيَاضُ إِبْطَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُحَوِّلُ إِلَى النَّاسِ ظَهْرَهُ،
Allāhumma ʾanta Allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta al-ghaniyyu wa-naḥnu al-fuqarāʾu, ʾanzil ʿalaynā al-ghaytha, wa-ijʿal mā ʾanzalta ʿalaynā quwwatan wa-balāghan ʾilā ḥīnin», thumma yarfaʿu yadayhi ḥattā yabduwa bayāḍu ʾibṭayhi, thumma yuḥawwilu ʾilā al-nāsi ẓahrahu,
O Allah, You are Allah; there is no deity but You. You are the Self-Sufficient, and we are the needy. Send rain down upon us, and make what You send down a source of strength and sustenance for us for a time.” Then he should raise his hands until the whiteness of his armpits becomes visible and turn his back to the people,
وَيُحَوِّلُ رِدَاءَهُ، وَهُوَ رَافِعٌ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَيَنْزِلُ فَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ [د، حب، مس].
wa-yuḥawwilu ridāʾahu, wa-huwa rāfiʿun yadayhi, thumma yuqbilu ʿalā al-nāsi, wa-yanzilu fa-yuṣallī rakʿatayni [د، حب، مس].
turning his cloak around while his hands remain raised. Then he should face the people, descend, and pray two rak'ahs [د، حب، مس].
«اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا غَيْثًا مُغِيثًا، مَرِيئًا، مَرِيعًا (١)، نَافِعًا، غَيْرَ ضَارٍّ، عَاجِلًا غَيْرَ آجِلٍ» [د، مص].
«Allāhumma isqinā ghaythan mughīthan, marīʾan, marīʿan (1), nāfiʿan, ghayra ḍārrin, ʿājilan ghayra ʾājilin» [د، مص].
“O Allah, give us rain that brings relief, is wholesome, fertile (1), beneficial and not harmful, immediate and not delayed” [د، مص].
«اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِ عِبَادَكَ، وَبَهَائِمَكَ، وَانْشُرْ رَحْمَتَكَ، وَأَحْيِ بَلَدَكَ الْمَيِّتَ» [د].
«Allāhumma isqi ʿibādaka, wa-bahāʾimaka, wa-unshur raḥmataka, wa-ʾaḥyi baladaka al-mayyita» [د].
“O Allah, give water to Your servants and livestock, spread Your mercy, and revive Your dead land” [د].
«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْزِلْ عَلَى أَرْضِنَا زِينَتَهَا وَسَكَنَهَا (٢)» [عو].
«Allāhumma ʾanzil ʿalā ʾarḍinā zīnatahā wa-sakanahā (2)» [عو].
“O Allah, send down upon our land its adornment and its solace (2)” [عو].
(١) مَرِيءٌ: خَفِيفٌ. مَرِيعٌ: مُخْصِبٌ.
(1) marīʾun: khafīfun. marīʿun: mukhṣibun.
(1) The first term means light and easy; the second means fertile and abundant.
(٢) سَكَنُهَا: غِيَاثُ أَهْلِهَا الَّذِي تَسْكُنُ أَنْفُسُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ.
(2) sakanuhā: ghiyāthu ʾahlihā alladhī taskunu ʾanfusuhum ʾilayhi.
(2) Its “solace” means the relief for its people in which their souls find rest.
«اللَّهُمَّ صَاحَتْ (١) جِبَالُنَا، وَاغْبَرَّتْ أَرْضُنَا، وَهَامَتْ دَوَابُّنَا، مُعْطِيَ الْخَيْرَاتِ مِنْ أَمَاكِنِهَا، وَمُنْزِلَ الرَّحْمَةِ مِنْ مَعَادِنِهَا (٢)، وَمُجْرِيَ الْبَرَكَاتِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا بِالْغَيْثِ الْمُغِيثِ، أَنْتَ الْمُسْتَغْفَرُ الْغَفَّارُ، فَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ لِلْحَامَاتِ (٣) مِنْ ذُنُوبِنَا،
«Allāhumma ṣāḥat (1) jibālunā, wa-ighbarrat ʾarḍunā, wa-hāmat dawābbunā, muʿṭiya al-khayrāti min ʾamākinihā, wa-munzila al-raḥmati min maʿādinihā (2), wa-mujriya al-barakāti ʿalā ʾahlihā bi-l-ghaythi al-mughīthi, ʾanta al-mustaghfaru al-ghaffāru, fa-nastaghfiruka li-l-ḥāmāti (3) min dhunūbinā,
“O Allah, our mountains have cracked (1), our land has turned dusty, and our animals wander in distress. O Giver of good things from their sources, Sender of mercy from its reservoirs (2), and Bestower of blessings upon their recipients through rain that brings relief: You are the Ever-Forgiving One from whom forgiveness is sought, so we ask Your forgiveness for all (3) our sins,
وَنَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ عَوَامِّ خَطَايَانَا، اللَّهُمَّ فَأَرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ مِدْرَارًا، وَوَاصِلْ بِالْغَيْثِ وَاكِفًا (٤) مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ حَيْثُ يَنْفَعُنَا وَيَعُودُ عَلَيْنَا، غَيْثًا، عَامًّا، طَبَقًا، مُجَلِّلًا، غَدَقًا (٥)، خَصْبًا، رَاتِعًا (٦)، مُمْرِعَ النَّبَاتِ» [عو].
wa-natūbu ʾilayka min ʿawāmmi khaṭāyānā, Allāhumma fa-ʾarsili al-samāʾa midrāran, wa-wāṣil bi-l-ghaythi wākifan (4) min taḥti al-ʿarshi ḥaythu yanfaʿunā wa-yaʿūdu ʿalaynā, ghaythan, ʿāmman, ṭabaqan, mujallilan, ghadaqan (5), khaṣban, rātiʿan (6), mumriʿa al-nabāti» [عو].
and we repent to You from our widespread errors. O Allah, send the sky pouring down abundant rain, and send an unbroken, copious downpour (4) from beneath the Throne wherever it will benefit us and bring us good: rain that is widespread, all-covering, enveloping, drenching (5), fertile, and rich in pasture (6), causing vegetation to flourish” [عو].
وَاسْتَسْقَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الِاسْتِغْفَارِ [مص].
wa-istasqā ʿumaru bnu al-khaṭṭābi, fa-mā zāda ʿalā al-istighfāri [مص].
'Umar ibn al-Khattab prayed for rain and did nothing more than seek forgiveness [مص].
وَإِذَا رَأَى سَحَابًا مُقْبِلًا:
wa-ʾidhā raʾā saḥāban muqbilan:
When he sees clouds approaching:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أُرْسِلَ بِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ سَيْبًا (٧) نَافِعًا».
«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʾursila bihi, Allāhumma sayban (7) nāfiʿan».
“O Allah, we seek refuge in You from the evil of what they have been sent with. O Allah, make it a beneficial, flowing rain (7).”
فَإِنْ كَشَفَهُ اللَّهُ وَلَمْ يُمْطِرْ، حَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ [د، س، ق].
fa-ʾin kashafahu Allāhu wa-lam yumṭir, ḥamida Allāha ʿalā dhālika [د، س، ق].
If Allah disperses the clouds without rain, he should praise Allah for that [د، س، ق].
وَإِذَا رَأَى الْمَطَرَ:
wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-maṭara:
When he sees rain:
«اللَّهُمَّ صَيِّبًا (٨) نَافِعًا» [خ]. «اللَّهُمَّ سَيْبًا نَافِعًا»، مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا [مص].
«Allāhumma ṣayyiban (8) nāfiʿan» [خ]. «Allāhumma sayban nāfiʿan», marratayni ʾaw thalāthan [مص].
“O Allah, make it a beneficial downpour (8)” [خ]. “O Allah, make it a beneficial, flowing rain”—twice or three times [مص].
فَإِذَا كَثُرَ، وَخِيفَ الضَّرَرُ:
fa-ʾidhā kathura, wa-khīfa al-ḍararu:
If the rain grows heavy and harm is feared:
«اللَّهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَلَا عَلَيْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَى الْآكَامِ، وَالْآجَامِ، وَالضِّرَابِ (٩)، وَالْأَوْدِيَةِ، وَمَنَابِتِ الشَّجَرِ» [خ، م].
«Allāhumma ḥawālaynā wa-lā ʿalaynā, Allāhumma ʿalā al-ʾākāmi, wa-l-ʾājāmi, wa-l-ḍirābi (9), wa-l-ʾawdiyati, wa-manābiti al-shajari» [خ، م].
“O Allah, let it fall around us and not upon us. O Allah, let it fall upon the hillocks, thickets, low hills (9), valleys, and places where trees grow” [خ، م].
(١) تَشَقَّقَتْ وَجَفَّتْ لِعَدَمِ الْمَطَرِ.
(1) tashaqqaqat wa-jaffat liʿadami al-maṭari.
(1) They cracked and dried up because of the lack of rain.
(٢) مَرَاكِزُهَا.
(2) marākizuhā.
(2) Its centers and sources.
(٣) الْحَامَاتُ: الْعَامَّاتُ.
(3) al-ḥāmātu: al-ʿāmmātu.
(3) Al-hamat means all or the generality.
(٤) غَزِيرًا.
(4) ghazīran.
(4) Copiously.
(٥) طَبَقًا: عَامًّا وَاسِعًا. مُجَلِّلًا: يُجَلِّلُ الْأَرْضَ بِمَائِهِ. الْغَدَقُ: الْمَطَرُ الْكِبَارُ الْقَطْرِ.
(5) ṭabaqan: ʿāmman wāsiʿan. mujallilan: yujallilu al-ʾarḍa bimāʾihi. al-ghadaqu: al-maṭaru al-kibāru al-qaṭri.
(5) Tabaqan means widespread and extensive; mujallilan means covering the earth with its water; and ghadaq means rain with large drops.
(٦) يُنْبِتُ مِنَ الْكَلَإِ مَا تَرْتَعُ فِيهِ الْمَوَاشِي.
(6) yunbitu mina al-kalaʾi mā tartaʿu fīhi al-mawāshī.
(6) It causes pasture plants to grow on which livestock can graze.
(٧) عَطَاءً أَوْ مَطَرًا جَارِيًا.
(7) ʿaṭāʾan ʾaw maṭaran jāriyan.
(7) A gift or flowing rain.
(٨) مُنْهَمِرًا مُتَدَفِّقًا.
(8) munhamiran mutadaffiqan.
(8) Pouring and flowing heavily.
(٩) قَوْلُهُ: الْآكَامُ، قِيلَ هِيَ التُّرَابُ الْمُجْتَمِعُ، وَقِيلَ هِيَ الْحَجَرُ الْوَاحِدُ، وَقِيلَ هِيَ الْهَضْبَةُ الضَّخْمَةُ، وَقِيلَ مَا ارْتَفَعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ.
(9) qawluhu: al-ʾākāmu, qīla hiya al-turābu al-mujtamiʿu, wa-qīla hiya al-ḥajaru al-wāḥidu, wa-qīla hiya al-haḍbatu al-ḍakhmatu, wa-qīla mā irtafaʿa mina al-ʾarḍi.
(9) Regarding “hillocks,” it is said that these are mounds of accumulated earth, a single rock, a massive plateau, or any raised part of the ground.
وَقَوْلُهُ: الْآجَامُ: جَمْعُ أَجَمَةٍ، وَهِيَ الشَّجَرُ الْمُلْتَفُّ الْكَثِيرُ، وَقِيلَ مَا ارْتَفَعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ. وَالضِّرَابُ: قِيلَ هُوَ الْجَبَلُ الْمُنْبَسِطُ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِالْعَالِي، وَقَالَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ: الرَّابِيَةُ الصَّغِيرَةُ.
wa-qawluhu: al-ʾājāmu: jamʿu ʾajamatin, wa-hiya al-shajaru al-multaffu al-kathīru, wa-qīla mā irtafaʿa mina al-ʾarḍi. wa-l-ḍirābu: qīla huwa al-jabalu al-munbasiṭu alladhī laysa bi-l-ʿālī, wa-qāla al-jawhariyyu: al-rābiyatu al-ṣaghīratu.
“Thickets” is the plural of a word meaning dense, intertwined trees; it is also said to mean raised ground. “Low hills” are said to be broad mountains that are not high; al-Jawhari defined them as small rises in the ground.
وَإِذَا سَمِعَ الرَّعْدَ وَالصَّوَاعِقَ:
wa-ʾidhā samiʿa al-raʿda wa-l-ṣawāʿiqa:
When he hears thunder and thunderbolts:
«اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَقْتُلْنَا بِغَضَبِكَ، وَلَا تُهْلِكْنَا بِعَذَابِكَ، وَعَافِنَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ» [ت، س، مس].
«Allāhumma lā taqtulnā bighaḍabika, wa-lā tuhliknā biʿadhābika, wa-ʿāfinā qabla dhālika» [ت، س، مس].
“O Allah, do not kill us in Your wrath or destroy us with Your punishment; grant us well-being before that” [ت، س، مس].
«سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي يُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ خِيفَتِهِ» [مو، طا].
«subḥāna alladhī yusabbiḥu al-raʿdu biḥamdihi, wa-l-malāʾikatu min khīfatihi» [مو، طا].
“Glory be to the One whom thunder glorifies with praise and the angels glorify out of awe of Him” [مو، طا].
وَإِذَا هَاجَتِ الرِّيحُ:
wa-ʾidhā hājati al-rīḥu:
When the wind begins to rage:
اسْتَقْبَلَهَا بِوَجْهِهِ، وَجَثَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَيَدَيْهِ [طب، ط]، وَقَالَ:
istaqbalahā biwajhihi, wa-jathā ʿalā rukbatayhi wa-yadayhi [طب، ط], wa-qāla:
He should face it directly, kneel on his knees with his hands on the ground [طب، ط], and say:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهَا، وَخَيْرَ مَا فِيهَا، وَخَيْرَ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِهِ» [م، ت، س، طب].
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayrahā, wa-khayra mā fīhā, wa-khayra mā ʾursilat bihi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā, wa-sharri mā fīhā, wa-sharri mā ʾursilat bihi» [م، ت، س، طب].
“O Allah, I ask You for its good, the good within it, and the good with which it was sent; and I seek refuge in You from its evil, the evil within it, and the evil with which it was sent” [م، ت، س، طب].
«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رِيَاحًا، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا رِيحًا، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رَحْمَةً، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا عَذَابًا» [طب، ط].
«Allāhumma ijʿalhā riyāḥan, wa-lā tajʿalhā rīḥan, Allāhumma ijʿalhā raḥmatan, wa-lā tajʿalhā ʿadhāban» [طب، ط].
“O Allah, make it favorable winds, not a destructive wind. O Allah, make it a mercy, not a punishment” [طب، ط].
فَإِنْ جَاءَ مَعَ الرِّيحِ ظُلْمَةٌ: تَعَوَّذَ بِالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ [د].
fa-ʾin jāʾa maʿa al-rīḥi ẓulmatun: taʿawwadha bi-l-muʿawwidhatayni [د].
If darkness comes with the wind, he should seek refuge by reciting the two surahs of refuge [د].
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّيحِ، وَخَيْرِ مَا فِيهَا، وَخَيْرِ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذِهِ الرِّيحِ، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ» [ت، س].
«Allāhumma ʾinnā nasʾaluka min khayri hādhihi al-rīḥi, wa-khayri mā fīhā, wa-khayri mā ʾumirat bihi, wa-naʿūdhu bika min sharri hādhihi al-rīḥi, wa-sharri mā fīhā, wa-sharri mā ʾumirat bihi» [ت، س].
“O Allah, we ask You for the good of this wind, the good within it, and the good it has been commanded to bring; and we seek refuge in You from the evil of this wind, the evil within it, and the evil it has been commanded to bring” [ت، س].
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ» [ص].
«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayri mā ʾumirat bihi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʾumirat bihi» [ص].
“O Allah, I ask You for the good it has been commanded to bring, and I seek refuge in You from the evil it has been commanded to bring” [ص].
«اللَّهُمَّ لَقْحًا، لَا عَقِيمًا (١)» [حب، طس].
«Allāhumma laqḥan, lā ʿaqīman (1)» [حب، طس].
“O Allah, make it fertilizing, not barren (1)” [حب، طس].
وَإِذَا سَمِعَ صِيَاحَ الدِّيَكَةِ:
wa-ʾidhā samiʿa ṣiyāḥa al-diyakati:
When he hears roosters crowing:
فَلْيَسْأَلِ اللَّهَ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ [خ، م، د، ت، س].
fa-lyasʾali Allāha min faḍlihi [خ، م، د، ت، س].
He should ask Allah for some of His bounty [خ، م، د، ت، س].
وَإِذَا سَمِعَ نَهِيقَ الْحَمِيرِ:
wa-ʾidhā samiʿa nahīqa al-ḥamīri:
When he hears donkeys braying:
فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ [خ، م، د، ت، س، مس]، وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا سَمِعَ نُبَاحَ الْكِلَابِ [د، س، مس].
fa-lyataʿawwadh bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi [خ، م، د، ت، س، مس], wa-ka-dhālika ʾidhā samiʿa nubāḥa al-kilābi [د، س، مس].
He should seek refuge in Allah from the accursed devil [خ، م، د، ت، س، مس]. He should do the same when he hears dogs barking [د، س، مس].
(١) قَوْلُهُ: لَقْحًا: هِيَ الرِّيحُ الْحَامِلَةُ لِلسَّحَابِ الْحَامِلَةِ لِلْمَاءِ كَاللِّقَاحَةِ، وَهِيَ الْإِبِلُ. وَالْعَقِيمُ الَّتِي لَا مَاءَ فِيهَا كَالْعَقِيمِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ.
(1) qawluhu: laqḥan: hiya al-rīḥu al-ḥāmilatu li-l-saḥābi al-ḥāmilati li-l-māʾi ka-l-liqāḥati, wa-hiya al-ʾibilu. wa-l-ʿaqīmu allatī lā māʾa fīhā ka-l-ʿaqīmi mina al-ḥayawāni.
(1) “Fertilizing” describes a wind that carries water-bearing clouds, like pregnant she-camels. A “barren” wind contains no water, just as a barren animal bears no young.
وَإِذَا رَأَى الْكُسُوفَ:
wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-kusūfa:
When he sees an eclipse:
فَلْيَدْعُ اللَّهَ، وَلْيُكَبِّرْ، وَلْيُصَلِّ، وَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ [خ، م، د، س].
fa-lyadʿu Allāha, wa-lyukabbir, wa-lyuṣalli, wa-lyataṣaddaq [خ، م، د، س].
He should supplicate to Allah, proclaim His greatness, pray, and give charity [خ، م، د، س].
وَإِذَا رَأَى الْهِلَالَ:
wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-hilāla:
When he sees the new crescent moon:
«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ» [مي]. «اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْيُمْنِ وَالْإِيمَانِ، وَالسَّلَامَةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ، وَالتَّوْفِيقِ لِمَا تُحِبُّ وَتَرْضَى» [حب]. «رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللَّهُ» [ت، حب، مي]. «هِلَالُ خَيْرٍ وَرُشْدٍ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ، وَخَيْرِ الْقَدَرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [ط].
«Allāhu ʾakbaru» [مي]. «Allāhumma ʾahillahu ʿalaynā bi-l-yumni wa-l-ʾīmāni, wa-l-salāmati wa-l-ʾislāmi, wa-l-tawfīqi limā tuḥibbu wa-tarḍā» [حب]. «rabbī wa-rabbuka Allāhu» [ت، حب، مي]. «hilālu khayrin wa-rushdin, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayri hādhā al-shahri, wa-khayri al-qadari, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihi. thalātha marrātin» [ط].
“Allah is the Greatest” [مي]. “O Allah, bring it over us with prosperity, faith, safety, Islam, and success in what You love and are pleased with” [حب]. “My Lord and your Lord is Allah” [ت، حب، مي]. “A crescent of goodness and right guidance. O Allah, I ask You for the good of this month and the good of its decree, and I seek refuge in You from its evil—three times” [ط].
«اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا نَصْرَهُ، وَخَيْرَهُ، وَبَرَكَتَهُ، وَفَتْحَهُ، وَنُورَهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ، وَشَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ» [مو، مص].
«Allāhumma urzuqnā naṣrahu, wa-khayrahu, wa-barakatahu, wa-fatḥahu, wa-nūrahu, wa-naʿūdhu bika min sharrihi, wa-sharri mā baʿdahu» [مو، مص].
“O Allah, grant us its victory, goodness, blessing, triumph, and light; and we seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil of what follows it” [مو، مص].
وَإِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى الْقَمَرِ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾidhā naẓara ʾilā al-qamari fa-lyaqul:
When he looks at the moon, he should say:
«أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذَا» [ت، س، مس].
«ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi min sharri hādhā» [ت، س، مس].
“I seek refuge in Allah from the evil of this” [ت، س، مس].
وَإِذَا رَأَى لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾidhā raʾā laylata al-qadri fa-lyaqul:
When he witnesses Laylat al-Qadr, he should say:
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ، فَاعْفُ عَنِّي» [ت، س، ق، مس].
«Allāhumma ʾinnaka ʿafuwwun tuḥibbu al-ʿafwa, fa-uʿfu ʿannī» [ت، س، ق، مس].
“O Allah, You are Pardoning and love to pardon, so pardon me” [ت، س، ق، مس].
وَإِذَا نَظَرَ وَجْهَهُ فِي الْمِرْآةِ:
wa-ʾidhā naẓara wajhahu fī al-mirʾāti:
When he looks at his face in a mirror:
«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ حَسَّنْتَ خَلْقِي، فَحَسِّنْ خُلُقِي» [حب، قي].
«Allāhumma ʾanta ḥassanta khalqī, fa-ḥassin khuluqī» [حب، قي].
“O Allah, You have made my physical form beautiful, so make my character beautiful” [حب، قي].
«اللَّهُمَّ كَمَا حَسَّنْتَ خَلْقِي، فَأَحْسِنْ خُلُقِي، وَحَرِّمْ وَجْهِي عَلَى النَّارِ» [ر].
«Allāhumma kamā ḥassanta khalqī, fa-ʾaḥsin khuluqī, wa-ḥarrim wajhī ʿalā al-nāri» [ر].
“O Allah, just as You have made my physical form beautiful, make my character beautiful, and protect my face from the Fire” [ر].
«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي سَوَّى خَلْقِي، وَأَحْسَنَ صُورَتِي، وَزَانَ مِنِّي مَا شَانَ (١) مِنْ غَيْرِي» [ر].
«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī sawwā khalqī, wa-ʾaḥsana ṣūratī, wa-zāna minnī mā shāna (1) min ghayrī» [ر].
“All praise is due to Allah, who made my form proportionate, made my appearance beautiful, and adorned in me what He made unseemly (1) in others” [ر].
«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي سَوَّى خَلْقِي فَعَدَلَهُ، وَصَوَّرَ صُورَةَ وَجْهِي فَأَحْسَنَهَا، وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» [طس، ي].
«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī sawwā khalqī fa-ʿadalahu, wa-ṣawwara ṣūrata wajhī fa-ʾaḥsanahā, wa-jaʿalanī mina al-muslimīna» [طس، ي].
“All praise is due to Allah, who made my form proportionate and balanced it, fashioned the image of my face and made it beautiful, and made me one of the Muslims” [طس، ي].
وَإِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾidhā sallama ʿalā ʾaḥadin fa-lyaqul:
When he greets someone, he should say:
«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ [خ، م، س] (السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ [د، ت، س، مي]) وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ [د، ت، س، مي] وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [د، ت، س، مي].
«al-salāmu ʿalaykum [خ، م، س] (al-salāmu ʿalayka [د، ت، س، مي]) wa-raḥmatu Allāhi [د، ت، س، مي] wa-barakātuhu» [د، ت، س، مي].
“Peace be upon you all [خ، م، س] (peace be upon you [د، ت، س، مي]), and the mercy of Allah [د، ت، س، مي] and His blessings” [د، ت، س، مي].
(١) شَانَ مِنَ الشَّيْنِ، وَهُوَ الْعَيْبُ. وَعَكْسُهُ: زَانَ.
(1) shāna mina al-shayni, wa-huwa al-ʿaybu. wa-ʿaksuhu: zāna.
(1) The verb shana means to mar or make defective, while its opposite, zana, means to adorn.
فَإِذَا رَدَّ السَّلَامَ: «وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [ع، س، حب].
fa-ʾidhā radda al-salāma: «wa-ʿalaykumu al-salāmu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu» [ع، س، حب].
When replying to the greeting, he should say, “And peace be upon you all, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings” [ع، س، حب].
وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ: «عَلَيْكَ» [م، ت، س]، أَوْ: «وَعَلَيْكَ» [خ، م، د، ت، س].
wa-ʿalā ʾahli al-kitābi: «ʿalayka» [م، ت، س], ʾaw: «wa-ʿalayka» [خ، م، د، ت، س].
To one of the People of the Book, he should reply, “Upon you” [م، ت، س], or “And upon you” [خ، م، د، ت، س].
وَإِذَا بَلَّغَ سَلَامًا مِنْ أَحَدٍ فَلْيَقُلْ: «وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [ع]، أَوْ: «وَعَلَيْكَ وَعَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ» [س].
wa-ʾidhā ballagha salāman min ʾaḥadin fa-lyaqul: «wa-ʿalayka al-salāmu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu» [ع], ʾaw: «wa-ʿalayka wa-ʿalayhi al-salāmu» [س].
When someone conveys another person’s greeting to him, he should say, “And peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings” [ع], or “And peace be upon you and upon him” [س].
وَإِذَا عَطَسَ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾidhā ʿaṭasa fa-lyaqul:
When he sneezes, he should say:
«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ [خ، د، س] عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ» [د، ت، س، مس، ق].
«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi [خ، د، س] ʿalā kulli ḥālin» [د، ت، س، مس، ق].
“All praise is due to Allah [خ، د، س] in every state” [د، ت، س، مس، ق].
«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ حَمْدًا كَثِيرًا طَيِّبًا، مُبَارَكًا فِيهِ، مُبَارَكًا عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا يُحِبُّ رَبُّنَا وَيَرْضَى» [د، ت، س].
«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ḥamdan kathīran ṭayyiban, mubārakan fīhi, mubārakan ʿalayhi, kamā yuḥibbu rabbunā wa-yarḍā» [د، ت، س].
“All praise is due to Allah—abundant, wholesome praise, blessed in itself and with blessing bestowed upon it—in a manner our Lord loves and finds pleasing” [د، ت، س].
«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [د، ت، س، حب].
«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [د، ت، س، حب].
“All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds” [د، ت، س، حب].
وَلْيَقُلْ لَهُ: «يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ» [خ، د، س، ت، مس، ق].
wa-lyaqul lahu: «yarḥamuka Allāhu» [خ، د، س، ت، مس، ق].
The listener should say to him, “May Allah have mercy on you” [خ، د، س، ت، مس، ق].
وَلْيَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ: «يَهْدِيكُمُ اللَّهُ، وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَكُمْ (١)» [خ، د، س، ت، مس].
wa-lyarudda ʿalayhi: «yahdīkumu Allāhu, wa-yuṣliḥu bālakum (1)» [خ، د، س، ت، مس].
The sneezer should reply, “May Allah guide you and set your affairs right (1)” [خ، د، س، ت، مس].
«يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِي وَلَكُمْ» [د، ت، س، حب]، وَ«يَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ» [س، ق، مس].
«yaghfiru Allāhu lī wa-lakum» [د، ت، س، حب], wa-«yaghfiru lanā wa-lakum» [س، ق، مس].
“May Allah forgive me and you” [د، ت، س، حب], or “May He forgive us and you” [س، ق، مس].
«يَرْحَمُنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ، وَيَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ» [مو، طا].
«yarḥamunā Allāhu wa-ʾiyyākum, wa-yaghfiru lanā wa-lakum» [مو، طا].
“May Allah have mercy on us and you, and forgive us and you” [مو، طا].
وَإِنْ كَانَ كِتَابِيًّا قِيلَ لَهُ: «يَهْدِيكُمُ اللَّهُ، وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَكُمْ» [ت، د، س، مس].
wa-ʾin kāna kitābiyyan qīla lahu: «yahdīkumu Allāhu, wa-yuṣliḥu bālakum» [ت، د، س، مس].
If the sneezer is one of the People of the Book, he should be told, “May Allah guide you and set your affairs right” [ت، د، س، مس].
وَ«مَنْ قَالَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ عَطْسَةٍ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ مَا كَانَ، لَمْ يَجِدْ وَجَعَ ضِرْسٍ وَلَا أُذُنٍ أَبَدًا» [مو، مص].
wa-«man qāla ʿinda kulli ʿaṭsatin: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna ʿalā kulli ḥālin mā kāna, lam yajid wajaʿa ḍirsin wa-lā ʾudhunin ʾabadan» [مو، مص].
“Whoever says with every sneeze, ‘All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds, in every state that may be,’ will never suffer pain in a tooth or an ear” [مو، مص].
وَإِذَا طَنَّتْ أُذُنُهُ: فَلْيَذْكُرِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ بِخَيْرٍ مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي» [ط، ي].
wa-ʾidhā ṭannat ʾudhunuhu: fa-lyadhkuri al-nabiyya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-lyuṣalli ʿalayhi, wa-lyaqul: «dhakara Allāhu bikhayrin man dhakaranī» [ط، ي].
When his ear rings, he should remember the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), invoke blessings upon him, and say, “May Allah remember with goodness whoever remembers me” [ط، ي].
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ بِمَا يَسُرُّهُ: فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ [خ، م، د، س، ق]، أَوْ: حَمِدَ وَكَبَّرَ [خ، م]، أَوْ سَجَدَ لِلَّهِ شُكْرًا [مس، أ].
wa-ʾidhā bushshira bimā yasurruhu: fa-lyaḥmadi Allāha [خ، م، د، س، ق], ʾaw: ḥamida wa-kabbara [خ، م], ʾaw sajada li-llāhi shukran [مس، أ].
When he receives news that delights him, he should praise Allah [خ، م، د، س، ق], or praise Him and proclaim His greatness [خ، م], or prostrate to Allah in gratitude [مس، أ].
وَإِذَا رَأَى مِنْ نَفْسِهِ أَوْ مَالِهِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ مَا يُعْجِبُهُ، فَلْيَدْعُ بِالْبَرَكَةِ [س، ق، مس].
wa-ʾidhā raʾā min nafsihi ʾaw mālihi ʾaw ghayrihi mā yuʿjibuhu, fa-lyadʿu bi-l-barakati [س، ق، مس].
When he sees something in himself, his wealth, or anything else that pleases him, he should pray for blessing [س، ق، مس].
وَإِذَا أَرَادَ نُمُوَّ مَالِهِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ،
wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda numuwwa mālihi qāla: «Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin ʿabdika wa-rasūlika,
If he wishes his wealth to grow, he should say, “O Allah, bestow blessings upon Muhammad, Your servant and Messenger,
(١) الْبَالُ هُوَ الشَّأْنُ، وَالْمَعْنَى: أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ شَأْنَكُمْ.
(1) al-bālu huwa al-shaʾnu, wa-l-maʿnā: ʾaṣlaḥa Allāhu shaʾnakum.
(1) Bal means one’s state or affairs. Thus it means: may Allah set your affairs right.
وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَعَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ» [مص].
wa-ʿalā al-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti, wa-ʿalā al-muslimīna wa-l-muslimāti» [مص].
and upon the believing men and women, and upon the Muslim men and women” [مص].
وَإِذَا رَأَى أَخَاهُ الْمُسْلِمَ يَضْحَكُ قَالَ: «أَضْحَكَ اللَّهُ سِنَّكَ» [ع، م، س].
wa-ʾidhā raʾā ʾakhāhu al-muslima yaḍḥaku qāla: «ʾaḍḥaka Allāhu sinnaka» [ع، م، س].
When he sees his Muslim brother laughing, he should say, “May Allah keep you smiling” [ع، م، س].
وَإِذَا أَحَبَّ أَخَاهُ: فَلْيُعْلِمْهُ ذَلِكَ [ي، س، د، حب].
wa-ʾidhā ʾaḥabba ʾakhāhu: fa-lyuʿlimhu dhālika [ي، س، د، حب].
When he loves his brother, let him tell him so [ي، س، د، حب].
فَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّكَ فِي اللَّهِ [حب]، قَالَ: «أَحَبَّكَ الَّذِي أَحْبَبْتَنِي لَهُ» [س، د، حب، ي].
fa-ʾidhā qāla lahu: ʾinnī ʾuḥibbuka fī Allāhi [حب], qāla: «ʾaḥabbaka alladhī ʾaḥbabtanī lahu» [س، د، حب، ي].
When he says to him, “I love you for Allah's sake” [حب], he should reply, “May He for whose sake you love me love you” [س، د، حب، ي].
وَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ. قَالَ: وَلَكَ [س].
wa-ʾidhā qāla lahu: ghafara Allāhu laka. qāla: wa-laka [س].
When he says to him, “May Allah forgive you,” he should reply, “And you as well” [س].
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ: كَيْفَ أَصْبَحْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ إِلَيْكَ [ط].
wa-ʾidhā qīla lahu: kayfa ʾaṣbaḥta? qāla: ʾaḥmadu Allāha ʾilayka [ط].
When he is asked, “How are you this morning?” he should say, “I praise Allah before you” [ط].
وَإِذَا نَادَاهُ رَجُلٌ، رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ: لَبَّيْكَ [ي].
wa-ʾidhā nādāhu rajulun, radda ʿalayhi: labbayka [ي].
When a man calls him, he should answer, “At your service” [ي].
وَإِذَا صُنِعَ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفٌ فَقَالَ لِفَاعِلِهِ: جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا. فَقَدْ أَبْلَغَ فِي الثَّنَاءِ [ت، س، حب].
wa-ʾidhā ṣuniʿa ʾilayhi maʿrūfun fa-qāla lifāʿilihi: jazāka Allāhu khayran. fa-qad ʾablagha fī al-thanāʾi [ت، س، حب].
When someone does him a kindness and he says to the person, “May Allah reward you with goodness,” he has expressed the fullest praise [ت، س، حب].
وَإِذَا عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ أَخُوهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، قَالَ: بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِي أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ [خ، ت، س، ي].
wa-ʾidhā ʿaraḍa ʿalayhi ʾakhūhu min ʾahlihi wa-mālihi, qāla: bāraka Allāhu fī ʾahlika wa-mālika [خ، ت، س، ي].
When his brother offers him something from his household or wealth, he should say, “May Allah bless your family and your wealth” [خ، ت، س، ي].
وَإِذَا اسْتَوْفَى دَيْنَهُ، قَالَ: «أَوْفَيْتَنِي، أَوْفَى اللَّهُ بِكَ» [خ، م، ت، س، ق]، وَ«وَفَّى اللَّهُ بِكَ» [خ]. «أَوْفَاكَ اللَّهُ» [م].
wa-ʾidhā istawfā daynahu, qāla: «ʾawfaytanī, ʾawfā Allāhu bika» [خ، م، ت، س، ق], wa-«waffā Allāhu bika» [خ]. «ʾawfāka Allāhu» [م].
When he has received repayment of a debt in full, he should say, “You have paid me in full; may Allah grant you your full reward” [خ، م، ت، س، ق], or, “May Allah grant you your full reward” [خ], or, “May Allah repay you in full” [م].
وَإِذَا رَأَى مَا يُحِبُّ، قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي بِنِعْمَتِهِ تَتِمُّ الصَّالِحَاتُ».
wa-ʾidhā raʾā mā yuḥibbu, qāla: «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī biniʿmatihi tatimmu al-ṣāliḥātu».
When he sees something he likes, he should say, “All praise is due to Allah, by whose grace righteous deeds are completed.”
وَإِنْ رَأَى مَا يَكْرَهُ، قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ» [ق، مس، ي].
wa-ʾin raʾā mā yakrahu, qāla: «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿalā kulli ḥālin» [ق، مس، ي].
If he sees something he dislikes, he should say, “All praise is due to Allah in every circumstance” [ق، مس، ي].
«مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عَبْدٍ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ. إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَدَّى شُكْرَهَا، فَإِنْ قَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، جَدَّدَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ثَوَابَهَا، فَإِنْ قَالَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ، غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذُنُوبَهُ» [مس].
«mā ʾanʿama Allāhu ʿalā ʿabdin min niʿmatin fa-qāla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi. ʾillā wa-qad ʾaddā shukrahā, fa-ʾin qālahā al-thāniyata, jaddada Allāhu lahu thawābahā, fa-ʾin qālahā al-thālithata, ghafara Allāhu lahu dhunūbahu» [مس].
“Whenever Allah grants a servant a blessing and he says, ‘All praise is due to Allah,’ he has duly given thanks for it. If he says it a second time, Allah renews its reward for him, and if he says it a third time, Allah forgives his sins” [مس].
«مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عَبْدٍ نِعْمَةً فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ. إِلَّا كَانَ قَدْ أُعْطِيَ خَيْرًا مِمَّا أَخَذَ» [ي].
«mā ʾanʿama Allāhu ʿalā ʿabdin niʿmatan fa-qāla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna. ʾillā kāna qad ʾuʿṭiya khayran mimmā ʾakhadha» [ي].
“Whenever Allah grants a servant a blessing and he says, ‘All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds,’ he has been given something better than what he received” [ي].
وَإِذَا ابْتُلِيَ بِالدَّيْنِ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِحَلَالِكَ عَنْ حَرَامِكَ، وَأَغْنِنِي بِفَضْلِكَ عَمَّنْ سِوَاكَ» [ت، مس]، «اللَّهُمَّ فَارِجَ الْهَمِّ،
wa-ʾidhā ubtuliya bi-l-dayni, qāla: «Allāhumma ikfinī biḥalālika ʿan ḥarāmika, wa-ʾaghninī bifaḍlika ʿamman siwāka» [ت، مس], «Allāhumma fārija al-hammi,
When he is afflicted with debt, he should say, “O Allah, suffice me with what You have made lawful so that I need not resort to what You have forbidden, and enrich me by Your bounty so that I need no one besides You” [ت، مس]; and, “O Allah, Reliever of anxiety,
كَاشِفَ الْغَمِّ، مُجِيبَ دَعْوَةِ الْمُضْطَرِّينَ، رَحْمَنَ الدُّنْيَا وَرَحِيمَهَا، أَنْتَ تَرْحَمُنِي، فَارْحَمْنِي بِرَحْمَةٍ تُغْنِينِي بِهَا عَنْ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ سِوَاكَ» [مس، ر].
kāshifa al-ghammi, mujība daʿwati al-muḍṭarrīna, raḥmāna al-dunyā wa-raḥīmahā, ʾanta tarḥamunī, fa-irḥamnī biraḥmatin tughnīnī bihā ʿan raḥmatin min siwāka» [مس، ر].
Remover of grief, Answerer of the supplication of those in distress, the Universally Merciful and Especially Merciful of this world, You have mercy on me, so have mercy on me with a mercy that will make me independent of the mercy of anyone besides You” [مس، ر].
«اللَّهُمَّ مَالِكَ الْمُلْكِ، تُؤْتِي الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتُعِزُّ
«Allāhumma mālika al-mulki, tuʾtī al-mulka man tashāʾu, wa-tanziʿu al-mulka mimman tashāʾu, wa-tuʿizzu
“O Allah, Sovereign of all dominion, You give dominion to whom You will, take dominion from whom You will, honor whom You will,
مَنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ، بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ، إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، رَحْمَنَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، تُعْطِيهِمَا مَنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتَمْنَعُ مِنْهُمَا مَنْ تَشَاءُ، ارْحَمْنِي رَحْمَةً تُغْنِينِي بِهَا عَنْ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ سِوَاكَ» [صط].
man tashāʾu, wa-tudhillu man tashāʾu, biyadika al-khayru, ʾinnaka ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, raḥmāna al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati, tuʿṭīhimā man tashāʾu, wa-tamnaʿu minhumā man tashāʾu, irḥamnī raḥmatan tughnīnī bihā ʿan raḥmatin min siwāka» [صط].
and humble whom You will. All good is in Your hand; You have power over all things. Universally Merciful in this world and the Hereafter, You give them to whom You will and withhold them from whom You will. Have mercy on me with a mercy that will make me independent of the mercy of anyone besides You” [صط].
وَتَقَدَّمَ مَا يَقُولُ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَإِذَا أَمْسَى [د].
wa-taqaddama mā yaqūlu ʾidhā ʾaṣbaḥa wa-ʾidhā ʾamsā [د].
What one should say in the morning and evening has already been given [د].
وَإِذَا أَخَذَهُ إِعْيَاءٌ مِنْ شُغْلٍ أَوْ طَلَبَ زِيَادَةَ قُوَّةٍ:
wa-ʾidhā ʾakhadhahu ʾiʿyāʾun min shughlin ʾaw ṭalaba ziyādata quwwatin:
When weariness from work overtakes him, or he seeks greater strength:
فَلْيُسَبِّحْ عِنْدَ نَوْمِهِ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَلْيَحْمَدْ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَلْيُكَبِّرْ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، أَوْ مِنْ كُلٍّ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، أَوْ مِنْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ مَرَّةً [خ، م، د، س، ت، حب، أ، ط].
fa-lyusabbiḥ ʿinda nawmihi thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-lyaḥmad thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-lyukabbir ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna, ʾaw min kullin thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, ʾaw min ʾiḥdāhunna ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna marratan [خ، م، د، س، ت، حب، أ، ط].
At bedtime, let him glorify Allah thirty-three times, praise Him thirty-three times, and magnify Him thirty-four times; or say each of the three thirty-three times; or say one of them thirty-four times [خ، م، د، س، ت، حب، أ، ط].
أَوْ مِنْ كُلٍّ دُبُرَ صَلَاةٍ عَشْرًا وَعِنْدَ النَّوْمِ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَالتَّكْبِيرُ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ [ق].
ʾaw min kullin dubura ṣalātin ʿashran wa-ʿinda al-nawmi thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-l-takbīru ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna [ق].
Or let him say each ten times after every prayer and thirty-three times at bedtime, with the magnification said thirty-four times [ق].
وَمَنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِالْوَسْوَسَةِ: فَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ وَلْيَنْتَهِ [خ، م، د، س].
wa-mani ubtuliya bi-l-waswasati: fa-lyastaʿidh bi-llāhi wa-lyantahi [خ، م، د، س].
Whoever is afflicted by obsessive whispering should seek refuge in Allah and stop entertaining it [خ، م، د، س].
أَوْ لِيَقُلْ: آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ [م]، ﴿اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ﴾. ثُمَّ لِيَتْفُلْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ [د، س، ي] وَمِنْ فِتْنَتِهِ [س].
ʾaw liyaqul: ʾāmantu bi-llāhi wa-rasūlihi [م], ﴿Allāhu ʾaḥadun · Allāhu al-ṣamadu · lam yalid wa-lam yūlad · wa-lam yakun lahu kufuwan ʾaḥadun﴾. thumma liyatful ʿan yasārihi thalāthan, wa-lyastaʿidh bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni [د، س، ي] wa-min fitnatihi [س].
Or let him say, “I believe in Allah and His Messenger” [م], and, “Allah is One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, and none is comparable to Him.” Then let him spit lightly to his left three times and seek refuge in Allah from Satan [د، س، ي] and from Satan's temptation [س].
وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْوَسْوَسَةُ فِي الْأَعْمَالِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ شَيْطَانٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: «خِنْزَبٌ»، فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنْهُ، وَلْيَتْفُلْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ ثَلَاثًا [م، مص].
wa-ʾin kānati al-waswasatu fī al-ʾaʿmāli fa-ʾinna dhālika shayṭānun yuqālu lahu: «khinzabun», fa-lyataʿawwadh bi-llāhi minhu, wa-lyatful ʿan yasārihi thalāthan [م، مص].
If the whispering occurs during acts of worship, it is from a devil called Khinzab. Let him seek refuge in Allah from him and spit lightly to his left three times [م، مص].
وَمَنْ غَضِبَ فَقَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ. ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ مَا يَجِدُ [خ، م، د، س].
wa-man ghaḍiba fa-qāla: ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi. dhahaba ʿanhu mā yajidu [خ، م، د، س].
If someone becomes angry and says, “I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed,” what he feels will leave him [خ، م، د، س].
وَمَنْ كَانَ حَادَّ اللِّسَانِ، فَاحِشَهُ، لَازَمَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ، لِحَدِيثِ: شَكَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَرَبَ لِسَانِي (١) فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ، إِنِّي لَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [س، ق، مس، مص، ي].
wa-man kāna ḥādda al-lisāni, fāḥishahu, lāzama al-istighfāra, liḥadīthi: shakawtu ʾilā rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam dharaba lisānī (1) fa-qāla: «ʾayna ʾanta mina al-istighfāri, ʾinnī li-ʾastaghfiru Allāha fī kulli yawmin miʾata marratin» [س، ق، مس، مص، ي].
Whoever has a sharp and foul tongue should persist in seeking forgiveness, because of the hadith: “I complained to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about the foulness of my tongue (1), and he said, ‘Why do you not seek forgiveness? Indeed, I seek Allah's forgiveness one hundred times every day’” [س، ق، مس، مص، ي].
وَمَنْ انْتَهَى إِلَى مَجْلِسٍ:
wa-man intahā ʾilā majlisin:
When someone comes to a gathering:
فَلْيُسَلِّمْ، فَإِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فَلْيَجْلِسْ، ثُمَّ إِذَا قَامَ فَلْيُسَلِّمْ [د، ت، س].
fa-lyusallim, fa-ʾin badā lahu ʾan yajlisa fa-lyajlis, thumma ʾidhā qāma fa-lyusallim [د، ت، س].
Let him offer greetings. If he wishes to sit, let him sit; then, when he rises to leave, let him offer greetings again [د، ت، س].
(١) الذَّرَبُ هُوَ فُحْشُ اللِّسَانِ.
(1) al-dharabu huwa fuḥshu al-lisāni.
(1) Dharab means foulness of the tongue.
وَكَفَّارَةُ الْمَجْلِسِ:
wa-kaffāratu al-majlisi:
The expiation for a gathering is:
أَنْ يَقُولَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُومَ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ» [س، ط]، «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ، وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، ط، مص] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [د، حب].
ʾan yaqūla qabla ʾan yaqūma: «subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi» [س، ط], «subḥānaka Allāhumma wa-biḥamdika, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, ʾastaghfiruka, wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayka» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، ط، مص] thalātha marrātin [د، حب].
Before rising, one should say, “Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him” [س، ط], and, “Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You. I bear witness that there is no deity but You. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You” [د، ت، س، حب، مس، ط، مص], three times [د، حب].
«عَمِلْتُ سُوءًا وَظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي، إِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [س، مس].
«ʿamiltu sūʾan wa-ẓalamtu nafsī, fa-ighfir lī, ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta» [س، مس].
“I have done wrong and wronged myself, so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You” [س، مس].
«مَا جَلَسَ قَوْمٌ مَجْلِسًا لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلُّوا عَلَى نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ، إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ تِرَةٌ (١)، فَإِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُمْ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُمْ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].
«mā jalasa qawmun majlisan lam yadhkurū Allāha fīhi, wa-lam yuṣallū ʿalā nabiyyihim ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, ʾillā kāna ʿalayhim tiratun (1), fa-ʾin shāʾa ʿadhdhabahum, wa-ʾin shāʾa ghafara lahum» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].
“No people sit in a gathering in which they do not remember Allah or invoke blessings upon their Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) without incurring a loss (1). Then, if He wills, He will punish them, and if He wills, He will forgive them” [د، ت، س، حب، مس].
وَمَنْ دَخَلَ السَّوقَ فَقَالَ:
wa-man dakhala al-sawqa fa-qāla:
Whoever enters the marketplace and says:
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ.
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, yuḥyī wa-yumītu, wa-huwa ḥayyun lā yamūtu, biyadihi al-khayru, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun.
“There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion and His is all praise. He gives life and causes death, and He is the Ever-Living who never dies. All good is in His hand, and He has power over all things.
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ، وَمَحَا عَنْهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ سَيِّئَةٍ، وَرَفَعَ لَهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دَرَجَةٍ» [ت، ق، أ، مس، ي]، «وَبَنَى لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ» [ت، ي].
kataba Allāhu lahu ʾalfa ʾalfi ḥasanatin, wa-maḥā ʿanhu ʾalfa ʾalfi sayyiʾatin, wa-rafaʿa lahu ʾalfa ʾalfi darajatin» [ت، ق، أ، مس، ي], «wa-banā lahu baytan fī al-jannati» [ت، ي].
Allah will record for him one million good deeds, erase from him one million bad deeds, and raise him one million degrees” [ت، ق، أ، مس، ي], “and build him a house in Paradise” [ت، ي].
وَإِذَا دَخَلَهُ، أَوْ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ:
wa-ʾidhā dakhalahu, ʾaw rajaʿa ʾilayhi qāla:
When he enters it, or returns to it, he should say:
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذِهِ السُّوقِ، وَخَيْرَ مَا فِيهَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أُصِيبَ فِيهَا يَمِينًا فَاجِرَةً، أَوْ صَفْقَةً خَاسِرَةً» (٢) [مس، ي].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayra hādhihi al-sūqi, wa-khayra mā fīhā, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā, wa-sharri mā fīhā, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾuṣība fīhā yamīnan fājiratan, ʾaw ṣafqatan khāsiratan» (2) [مس، ي].
“In the name of Allah. O Allah, I ask You for the good of this marketplace and the good within it, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil within it. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from swearing a false oath in it or making a losing bargain” (2) [مس، ي].
«يَا مَعَاشِرَ التُّجَّارِ، أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعَ مِنْ سُوقِهِ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ، فَيَكْتُبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ حَسَنَةً؟» [ط].
«yā maʿāshira al-tujjāri, ʾayaʿjizu ʾaḥadukum ʾidhā rajaʿa min sūqihi ʾan yaqraʾa ʿashra ʾāyātin, fa-yaktuba Allāhu lahu bikulli ʾāyatin ḥasanatan?» [ط].
“O company of merchants, is any one of you unable, upon returning from the marketplace, to recite ten verses so that Allah records a good deed for him for every verse?” [ط].
وَإِذَا رَأَى بَاكُورَةَ ثَمَرٍ (٣):
wa-ʾidhā raʾā bākūrata thamarin (3):
When he sees the first fruit of the season (3):
«اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي ثَمَرِنَا، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مَدِينَتِنَا، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي
«Allāhumma bārik lanā fī thamarinā, wa-bārik lanā fī madīnatinā, wa-bārik lanā fī
“O Allah, bless our fruit for us, bless our city for us, and bless our
(١) تِرَةٌ: نَقْصٌ أَوْ حَسْرَةٌ.
(1) tiratun: naqṣun ʾaw ḥasratun.
(1) Tirah means loss or regret.
(٢) قَوْلُهُ: أَنْ أُصِيبَ فِيهَا يَمِينًا فَاجِرَةً: إِنَّمَا اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْأَسْوَاقَ مَظِنَّةُ الْأَيْمَانِ الْفَاجِرَةِ وَتَنْفِيقِ السِّلَعِ الْمَعْرُوضَةِ لِلْبَيْعِ وَمَظِنَّةُ التَّغَابُنِ، وَالْمَغْبُونُ صَفْقَتُهُ خَاسِرَةٌ.
(2) qawluhu: ʾan ʾuṣība fīhā yamīnan fājiratan: ʾinnamā istaʿādha min dhālika liʾanna al-ʾaswāqa maẓinnatu al-ʾaymāni al-fājirati wa-tanfīqi al-silaʿi al-maʿrūḍati li-l-bayʿi wa-maẓinnatu al-taghābuni, wa-l-maghbūnu ṣafqatuhu khāsiratun.
(2) His words, “from committing a sinful oath in it”: he sought refuge from this because marketplaces are places where sinful oaths are likely to be made, goods offered for sale are promoted, and people are likely to be cheated. A person who is cheated has made a losing bargain.
(٣) بَاكُورَةُ ثَمَرٍ: هِيَ أَوَّلُ الْفَاكِهَةِ.
(3) bākūratu thamarin: hiya ʾawwalu al-fākihati.
(3) The first fruit means the earliest fruit of the season.
صَاعِنَا، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مُدِّنَا» (١) [م، ت، س، ق].
ṣāʿinā, wa-bārik lanā fī muddinā» (1) [م، ت، س، ق].
ṣāʿ and bless our mudd for us” (1) [م، ت، س، ق].
فَإِذَا أُتِيَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ: دَعَا أَصْغَرَ وَلِيدٍ حَاضِرٍ فَيُعْطِيهِ ذَلِكَ [م، ت، س، ق].
fa-ʾidhā ʾutiya bishayʾin minhu: daʿā ʾaṣghara walīdin ḥāḍirin fa-yuʿṭīhi dhālika [م، ت، س، ق].
When some of it was brought to him, he would call the youngest child present and give it to that child [م، ت، س، ق].
وَمَنْ رَأَى مُبْتَلَى فَقَالَ:
wa-man raʾā mubtalā fa-qāla:
Whoever sees someone afflicted and says:
«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي عَافَانِي مِمَّا ابْتَلَاكَ بِهِ، وَفَضَّلَنِي عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ تَفْضِيلًا. لَمْ يُصِبْهُ ذَلِكَ الْبَلَاءُ» [ت، طس، ق]، يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فِي نَفْسِهِ [مو، ت].
«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʿāfānī mimmā ibtalāka bihi, wa-faḍḍalanī ʿalā kathīrin mimman khalaqa tafḍīlan. lam yuṣibhu dhālika al-balāʾu» [ت، طس، ق], yaqūlu dhālika fī nafsihi [مو، ت].
“All praise is due to Allah, who has spared me from what He has afflicted you with and has greatly favored me over many whom He created,” will not be struck by that affliction [ت، طس، ق]. He should say this quietly to himself [مو، ت].
وَإِذَا ضَاعَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ أَوْ أَبْقَ:
wa-ʾidhā ḍāʿa lahu shayʾun ʾaw ʾabqa:
When something belonging to him is lost or a slave runs away:
«اللَّهُمَّ رَادَّ الضَّالَّةِ، وَهَادِيَ الضَّلَالَةِ، أَنْتَ تَهْدِي مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ، ارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ ضَالَّتِي بِقُدْرَتِكَ وَسُلْطَانِكَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ عَطَائِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ» [ط].
«Allāhumma rādda al-ḍāllati, wa-hādiya al-ḍalālati, ʾanta tahdī mina al-ḍalālati, urdud ʿalayya ḍāllatī biqudratika wa-sulṭānika fa-ʾinnahā min ʿaṭāʾika wa-faḍlika» [ط].
“O Allah, Restorer of what is lost and Guide of those who stray, You guide out of error. Restore to me what I have lost by Your power and authority, for it is from Your gift and bounty” [ط].
أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَيَتَشَهَّدُ وَيَقُولُ:
ʾaw yatawaḍḍaʾu wa-yuṣallī rakʿatayni, wa-yatashahhadu wa-yaqūlu:
Or he should perform ablution, pray two units, recite the tashahhud, and say:
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، يَا هَادِيَ الضَّالِّ، وَرَادَّ الضَّالَّةِ، ارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ ضَالَّتِي بِعِزَّتِكَ وَسُلْطَانِكَ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ عَطَائِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ» [مو، مص].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, yā hādiya al-ḍālli, wa-rādda al-ḍāllati, urdud ʿalayya ḍāllatī biʿizzatika wa-sulṭānika, fa-ʾinnahā min ʿaṭāʾika wa-faḍlika» [مو، مص].
“In the name of Allah. O Guide of those who stray and Restorer of what is lost, restore to me what I have lost by Your might and authority, for it is from Your gift and bounty” [مو، مص].
وَلَا يَتَطَيَّرُ، فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ:
wa-lā yataṭayyaru, fa-ʾin faʿala fa-kaffāratuhu ʾan yaqūla:
He should not take evil omens. If he does, its expiation is to say:
«اللَّهُمَّ لَا خَيْرَ إِلَّا خَيْرُكَ، وَلَا طَيْرَ إِلَّا طَيْرُكَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ» [أ، ط].
«Allāhumma lā khayra ʾillā khayruka, wa-lā ṭayra ʾillā ṭayruka, wa-lā ʾilāha ghayruka» [أ، ط].
“O Allah, there is no good except Your good, no omen except Your omen, and no deity besides You” [أ، ط].
«إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنَ الطِّيَرَةِ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ لَا يَأْتِي بِالْحَسَنَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَلَا يَذْهَبُ بِالسَّيِّئَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [د، مص].
«ʾidhā raʾaytum mina al-ṭiyarati shayʾan takrahūnahu fa-qūlū: Allāhumma lā yaʾtī bi-l-ḥasanāti ʾillā ʾanta, wa-lā yadhhabu bi-l-sayyiʾāti ʾillā ʾanta, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [د، مص].
“When you see an omen that you dislike, say, ‘O Allah, none brings good things but You, none removes bad things but You, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah’” [د، مص].
وَمَنْ أُصِيبَ بِعَيْنٍ رُقِيَ بِقَوْلِهِ:
wa-man ʾuṣība biʿaynin ruqiya biqawlihi:
Whoever is afflicted by the evil eye should be treated with the incantation:
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبْ حَرَّهَا، وَبَرْدَهَا، وَوَصَبْهَا» (٢) ثُمَّ قَالَ: قُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ [س، ق، مس، ط].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma ʾadhhib ḥarrahā, wa-bardahā, wa-waṣabhā» (2) thumma qāla: qum bi-ʾidhni Allāhi [س، ق، مس، ط].
“In the name of Allah. O Allah, remove its heat, its cold, and its persistent pain” (2). Then he should say, “Rise by Allah's permission” [س، ق، مس، ط].
وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دَابَّةً، نَفَثَ فِي مِنْخَرِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ أَرْبَعًا، وَفِي الْأَيْسَرِ ثَلَاثًا، وَقَالَ:
wa-ʾin kānat dābbatan, nafatha fī minkharihi al-ʾaymani ʾarbaʿan, wa-fī al-ʾaysari thalāthan, wa-qāla:
If the afflicted one is an animal, he should blow four times into its right nostril and three times into its left, and say:
«لَا بَأْسَ، أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، اشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا يَكْشِفُ الضُّرَّ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [مو، مص].
«lā baʾsa, ʾadhhibi al-baʾsa rabba al-nāsi, ishfi ʾanta al-shāfī, lā yakshifu al-ḍurra ʾillā ʾanta» [مو، مص].
“There is no harm. Remove the harm, Lord of humankind. Heal; You are the Healer. None removes suffering but You” [مو، مص].
(١) الصَّاعُ وَالْمَدُّ: مِكْيَالٌ يُوزَنُ بِهِ.
(1) al-ṣāʿu wa-l-maddu: mikyālun yūzanu bihi.
(1) The ṣāʿ and the mudd are measures of capacity.
(٢) قَوْلُهُ: وَوَصَبُهَا: الْوَصَبُ دَوَامُ الْوَجَعِ وَلُزُومُهُ، وَقِيلَ التَّعَبُ مُطْلَقًا.
(2) qawluhu: wa-waṣabuhā: al-waṣabu dawāmu al-wajaʿi wa-luzūmuhu, wa-qīla al-taʿabu muṭlaqan.
(2) His words “its persistent pain”: waṣab means pain that continues and remains; it is also said to mean fatigue in general.
وَإِنْ أُصِيبَ أَحَدٌ بِلَمَمٍ (١) مِنْ جِنٍّ:
wa-ʾin ʾuṣība ʾaḥadun bilamamin (1) min jinnin:
If someone is afflicted by a touch of madness (1) from a jinn:
وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَعَوَّذَهُ بِالْفَاتِحَةِ، وَإِلَى ﴿الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٥]، وَ﴿وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ...﴾ الْآيَةُ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٦٣]، وَآيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ، وَ﴿لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ...﴾ إِلَى آخِرِ «الْبَقَرَةِ» [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٨٤–٢٨٦]،
waḍaʿahu bayna yadayhi, wa-ʿawwadhahu bi-l-fātiḥati, wa-ʾilā ﴿al-mufliḥūna﴾ [al-baqarati: 5], wa-﴿wa-ʾilāhukum ʾilāhun wāḥidun...﴾ al-ʾāyatu [al-baqarati: 163], wa-ʾāyati al-kursiyyi, wa-﴿li-llāhi mā fī al-samāwāti wa-mā fī al-ʾarḍi...﴾ ʾilā ʾākhiri «al-baqarati» [al-baqarati: 284–286],
He should place the afflicted person before him and seek protection for him by reciting the Opening chapter through “the successful” [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٥]; the verse beginning, “Your God is One God ...” [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٦٣]; the Throne Verse; and from “To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth ...” to the end of al-Baqarah [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٨٤–٢٨٦];
وَ﴿شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٨] الْآيَةُ، وَ﴿إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ ...﴾ الْآيَةُ [الْأَعْرَافِ: ٥٤]، وَ﴿فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ ...﴾ [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: ١١٦] إِلَى آخِرِ «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ»،
wa-﴿shahida Allāhu ʾannahu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 18] al-ʾāyatu, wa-﴿ʾinna rabbakumu Allāhu...﴾ al-ʾāyatu [al-ʾaʿrāfi: 54], wa-﴿fa-taʿālā Allāhu...﴾ [al-muʾminūna: 116] ʾilā ʾākhiri «al-muʾminūna»,
and the verse, “Allah bears witness that there is no deity but Him” [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٨]; the verse beginning, “Indeed, your Lord is Allah ...” [الْأَعْرَافِ: ٥٤]; and from “Exalted is Allah ...” [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: ١١٦] to the end of al-Mu'minun;
وَعَشْرٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ «الصَّافَّاتِ» إِلَى ﴿لَازِبٍ﴾، وَثَلَاثٍ مِنْ آخِرِ «الْحَشْرِ»، وَ﴿وَأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى ...﴾ الْآيَةُ [الْجِنِّ: ٣]، وَ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾، وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ [م، س، ق، أ].
wa-ʿashrin min ʾawwali «al-ṣāffāti» ʾilā ﴿lāzibin﴾, wa-thalāthin min ʾākhiri «al-ḥashri», wa-﴿wa-ʾannahu taʿālā...﴾ al-ʾāyatu [al-jinni: 3], wa-﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾, wa-l-muʿawwidhatayni [م، س، ق، أ].
and the first ten verses of al-Saffat through “clinging clay”; the final three verses of al-Hashr; the verse beginning, “Exalted is the majesty of our Lord ...” [الْجِنِّ: ٣]; “Say: He is Allah, One”; and the two chapters of refuge [م، س، ق، أ].
وَيَرْقِي الْمَعْتُوهَ (٢):
wa-yarqī al-maʿtūha (2):
For a mentally afflicted person (2), he should recite as an incantation:
بِالْفَاتِحَةِ، ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، غُدْوَةً وَعَشِيَّةً، كُلَّمَا خَتَمَهَا، جَمَعَ بُزَاقَهُ ثُمَّ تَفَلَهُ [د، س].
bi-l-fātiḥati, thalāthata ʾayyāmin, ghudwatan wa-ʿashiyyatan, kullamā khatamahā, jamaʿa buzāqahu thumma tafalahu [د، س].
The Opening chapter for three days, morning and evening. Each time he finishes it, he should gather his saliva and then spit lightly [د، س].
وَيَرْقِي اللَّدِيغَ:
wa-yarqī al-ladīgha:
For someone who has been bitten or stung, he should recite as an incantation:
بِالْفَاتِحَةِ [ع]، سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت].
bi-l-fātiḥati [ع], sabʿa marrātin [ت].
The Opening chapter [ع], seven times [ت].
وَلَدَغَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَقْرَبٌ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْعَقْرَبَ، لَا تَدَعُ مُصَلِّيًا وَلَا غَيْرَهُ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِمَاءٍ وَمِلْحٍ، فَجَعَلَ يَمْسَحُ عَلَيْهَا، وَيَقْرَأُ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾ [صط].
wa-ladaghati al-nabiyya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿaqrabun wa-huwa yuṣallī, fa-lammā faragha qāla: «laʿana Allāhu al-ʿaqraba, lā tadaʿu muṣalliyan wa-lā ghayrahu», thumma daʿā bimāʾin wa-milḥin, fa-jaʿala yamsaḥu ʿalayhā, wa-yaqraʾu: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾, wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾, wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-nāsi﴾ [صط].
A scorpion stung the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was praying. When he finished, he said, “May Allah curse the scorpion; it spares neither one who is praying nor anyone else.” He then called for water and salt, rubbed the affected place with them, and recited, “Say: O disbelievers,” “Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak,” and “Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of humankind” [صط].
عَرَضْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُقْيَةً مِنَ الْحُمَةِ (٣)، فَأَذِنَ لَنَا فِيهَا، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنْ مَوَاثِيقِ الْجِنِّ»: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، شَجَّةٌ قَرَنِيَّةٌ، مِلْحَةُ بَحْرٍ قِفْطًا (٤) [طس].
ʿaraḍnā ʿalā rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ruqyatan mina al-ḥumati (3), fa-ʾadhina lanā fīhā, wa-qāla: «ʾinnamā hiya min mawāthīqi al-jinni»: bi-ismi Allāhi, shajjatun qaraniyyatun, milḥatu baḥrin qifṭan (4) [طس].
We presented to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) an incantation against venom (3). He permitted us to use it and said, “It is one of the covenants of the jinn”: “In the name of Allah: shajjah qaraniyyah, salt of the sea, qifṭan” (4) [طس].
وَيَرْقِي الْمَحْرُوقَ بِقَوْلِهِ:
wa-yarqī al-maḥrūqa biqawlihi:
For someone who has been burned, he should recite:
«أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، اشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا شَافِيَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [س، أ].
«ʾadhhibi al-baʾsa rabba al-nāsi, ishfi ʾanta al-shāfī, lā shāfiya ʾillā ʾanta» [س، أ].
“Remove the harm, Lord of humankind. Heal; You are the Healer. There is no healer but You” [س، أ].
(١) هِيَ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ، تَلِمُّ بِالْإِنْسَانِ أَيْ تَقْرَبُ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الْهَرَوِيُّ: هُوَ طَرَفٌ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ يَلِمُّ بِالْإِنْسَانِ.
(1) hiya mina al-junūni, talimmu bi-l-ʾinsāni ʾay taqrabu minhu, qāla al-harawiyyu: huwa ṭarafun mina al-junūni yalimmu bi-l-ʾinsāni.
(1) This is a form of madness that comes upon a person—that is, draws near to him. Al-Harawi said: it is a touch of madness that comes upon a person.
(٢) الْمَعْتُوهُ: هُوَ الْمَجْنُونُ الْمُصَابُ بِعَقْلِهِ.
(2) al-maʿtūhu: huwa al-majnūnu al-muṣābu biʿaqlihi.
(2) A ma'tūh is a mentally afflicted person whose reason has been impaired.
(٣) الْحُمَةُ: السُّمُّ، وَقَدْ يُشَدَّدُ، وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى إِبْرَةِ الْعَقْرَبِ لِلْمُجَاوِرَةِ لِأَنَّ السُّمَّ مِنْهَا يَخْرُجُ.
(3) al-ḥumatu: al-summu, wa-qad yushaddadu, wa-yuṭlaqu ʿalā ʾibrati al-ʿaqrabi li-l-mujāwirati liʾanna al-summa minhā yakhruju.
(3) Ḥumah means venom and may also be pronounced with a doubled consonant. By association, it is also used for a scorpion's stinger, because the venom comes from it.
(٤) ضَبَطَ الْمُصَنِّفُ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِفْتَاحِ الْحِصْنِ وَقَالَ: هِيَ كَلِمَاتٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ مَعْنَاهَا يُرْقَى بِهَا كَمَا وَرَدَ. وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيرِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رُقْيَةٌ مِنَ الْحُمَةِ،
(4) ḍabaṭa al-muṣannifu hādhihi al-kalimāti fī kitābihi miftāḥi al-ḥiṣni wa-qāla: hiya kalimātun lā yuʿrafu maʿnāhā yurqā bihā kamā warada. wa-ʾakhraja al-ṭabarāniyyu fī al-kabīri min ḥadīthi ʿabdi Allāhi bni masʿūdin qāla: dhukira ʿinda al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ruqyatun mina al-ḥumati,
(4) The author vocalized these words in his book Miftāḥ al-Ḥiṣn and said: “They are words whose meaning is unknown, and they are used as an incantation exactly as transmitted.” Al-Tabarani narrated in al-Kabir from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, who said: An incantation against venom was mentioned in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him),
فَقَالَ: أَعْرِضُوهَا عَلَيَّ، فَعَرَضُوهَا عَلَيْهِ: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ شَجَّةٌ قَرَنِيَّةٌ مِلْحَةُ بَحْرٍ قِفْطًا. فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ مَوَاثِيقُ أَخَذَهَا سُلَيْمَانُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى الْهَوَامِّ، لَا أَرَى بِهَا بَأْسًا.
fa-qāla: ʾaʿriḍūhā ʿalayya, fa-ʿaraḍūhā ʿalayhi: bi-ismi Allāhi shajjatun qaraniyyatun milḥatu baḥrin qifṭan. fa-qāla: hādhihi mawāthīqu ʾakhadhahā sulaymānu ʿalayhi al-salāmu ʿalā al-hawāmmi, lā ʾarā bihā baʾsan.
and he said, “Present it to me.” They recited before him: “In the name of Allah: shajjah qaraniyyah, salt of the sea, qifṭan.” He said, “These are covenants that Solomon (peace be upon him) took from harmful creatures. I see no harm in them.”
وَإِذَا رَأَى الْحَرِيقَ:
wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-ḥarīqa:
When he sees a fire:
فَلْيُطْفِئْهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ [ص، ي]، مُجَرَّبٌ.
fa-lyuṭfiʾhu bi-l-takbīri [ص، ي], mujarrabun.
Let him extinguish it by saying the takbīr, “Allah is greatest” [ص، ي]. This has been tested by experience.
وَيَرْقِي مَنِ احْتَبَسَ بَوْلُهُ أَوْ أَصَابَتْهُ حَصَاةٌ أَوْ وَجَعٌ بِقَوْلِهِ:
wa-yarqī mani iḥtabasa bawluhu ʾaw ʾaṣābathu ḥaṣātun ʾaw wajaʿun biqawlihi:
For someone who is unable to urinate, or who is afflicted by a urinary stone or pain, he should recite as an incantation:
«رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي [د] فِي السَّمَاءِ، تَقَدَّسَ اسْمُكَ، أَمْرُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، كَمَا رَحْمَتُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَاجْعَلْ رَحْمَتَكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ،
«rabbunā Allāhu alladhī [د] fī al-samāʾi, taqaddasa ismuka, ʾamruka fī al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi, kamā raḥmatuka fī al-samāʾi, fa-ijʿal raḥmataka fī al-ʾarḍi,
“Our Lord is Allah, who is in heaven [د]. Hallowed is Your name. Your command reigns in heaven and on earth. As Your mercy is in heaven, place Your mercy upon earth.
وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا حَوْبَنَا (١)، وَخَطَايَانَا، أَنْتَ رَبُّ الطَّيِّبِينَ، فَأَنْزِلْ شِفَاءً مِنْ شِفَائِكَ، وَرَحْمَةً مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ، عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجَعِ»، فَيَبْرَأُ [م، س].
wa-ighfir lanā ḥawbanā (1), wa-khaṭāyānā, ʾanta rabbu al-ṭayyibīna, fa-ʾanzil shifāʾan min shifāʾika, wa-raḥmatan min raḥmatika, ʿalā hādhā al-wajaʿi», fa-yabraʾu [م، س].
Forgive us our sins (1) and our errors. You are the Lord of those who are pure. Send down healing from Your healing and mercy from Your mercy upon this pain,” and he will recover [م، س].
وَيُدَاوِي مَنْ بِهِ قُرْحَةٌ أَوْ جُرْحٌ:
wa-yudāwī man bihi qurḥatun ʾaw jurḥun:
Someone with an ulcer or wound should be treated:
بِأَنْ يَضَعَ إِصْبَعَهُ السَّبَّابَةَ بِالْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعَهَا قَائِلًا (٢):
bi-ʾan yaḍaʿa ʾiṣbaʿahu al-sabbābata bi-l-ʾarḍi, thumma yarfaʿahā qāʾilan (2):
by placing the index finger on the ground, then raising it while saying (2):
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، تُرْبَةُ أَرْضِنَا، بِرِيقَةِ بَعْضِنَا، يُشْفَى سَقِيمُهَا».
«bi-ismi Allāhi, turbatu ʾarḍinā, birīqati baʿḍinā, yushfā saqīmuhā».
“In the name of Allah. With the soil of our land and the saliva of one of us, our sick person is healed.”
أَوْ: لِيُشْفَى سَقِيمُهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّنَا [م].
ʾaw: liyushfā saqīmuhā bi-ʾidhni rabbinā [م].
Or: “So that the sick among us may be healed by our Lord's permission” [م].
وَإِذَا خَدِرَتْ رِجْلُهُ:
wa-ʾidhā khadirat rijluhu:
When his leg becomes numb:
فَلْيَذْكُرْ أَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ [مو، ي].
fa-lyadhkur ʾaḥabba al-nāsi ʾilayhi [مو، ي].
Let him mention the person dearest to him [مو، ي].
وَمَنْ اشْتَكَى أَلَمًا، أَوْ شَيْئًا فِي جَسَدِهِ:
wa-man ishtakā ʾalaman, ʾaw shayʾan fī jasadihi:
Whoever complains of pain or some ailment in his body:
فَلْيَضَعْ يَدَهُ (الْيُمْنَى) [مص] عَلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يَأْلَمُ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَيَقُلْ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ وَأُحَاذِرُ» [م، عه].
fa-lyaḍaʿ yadahu (al-yumnā) [مص] ʿalā al-makāni alladhī yaʾlamu, wa-lyaqul: «bi-ismi Allāhi» thalātha marrātin, wa-yaqul sabʿa marrātin: «ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi wa-qudratihi min sharri mā ʾajidu wa-ʾuḥādhiru» [م، عه].
Let him place his right hand [مص] on the place that hurts, say “In the name of Allah” three times, and then say seven times, “I seek refuge in Allah and His power from the evil of what I feel and fear” [م، عه].
أَوْ: «أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ» سَبْعًا [طا، مص].
ʾaw: «ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzati Allāhi wa-qudratihi min sharri mā ʾajidu» sabʿan [طا، مص].
Or he should say seven times, “I seek refuge in Allah's might and power from the evil of what I feel” [طا، مص].
أَوْ: «أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ»، سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، يَدُهُ تَحْتَ أَلَمِهِ [أ، ط].
ʾaw: «ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzati Allāhi wa-qudratihi ʿalā kulli shayʾin min sharri mā ʾajidu», sabʿa marrātin, yaduhu taḥta ʾalamihi [أ، ط].
Or he should say seven times, “I seek refuge in Allah's might and His power over all things from the evil of what I feel,” keeping his hand beneath the place of pain [أ، ط].
(١) هُوَ الْإِثْمُ.
(1) huwa al-ʾithmu.
(1) It means sin.
(٢) مَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ مِنْ رِيقِ نَفْسِهِ عَلَى إِصْبَعَهُ السَّبَّابَةَ وَوَضَعَهَا عَلَى التُّرَابِ يَعْلَقُ بِهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ، فَمَسَحَ بِهَا عَلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الْعَلِيلِ أَوْ الْجُرْحِ قَائِلًا: ...
(2) maʿnā al-ḥadīthi: ʾannahu ʾakhadha min rīqi nafsihi ʿalā ʾiṣbaʿahu al-sabbābata wa-waḍaʿahā ʿalā al-turābi yaʿlaqu bihā shayʾun minhu, fa-masaḥa bihā ʿalā al-mawḍiʿi al-ʿalīli ʾaw al-jurḥi qāʾilan:...
(2) The hadith means that he put some of his saliva on his index finger and placed it on the soil so that some of it adhered to the finger. He then rubbed it over the afflicted place or wound while saying: ...
أَوْ «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ مِنْ وَجَعِي هَذَا» وِتْرًا، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهَا [ت].
ʾaw «bi-ismi Allāhi, ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzati Allāhi wa-qudratihi min sharri mā ʾajidu min wajaʿī hādhā» witran, thumma yarfaʿu yadahu, thumma yuʿīduhā [ت].
Or he should say an odd number of times, “In the name of Allah. I seek refuge in Allah's might and power from the evil of what I feel from this pain of mine.” He then lifts his hand and places it back again [ت].
أَوْ: يَقْرَأُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْمُعَوِّذَاتِ، وَيَنْفُثُ [خ، م، د، س، ق].
ʾaw: yaqraʾu ʿalā nafsihi bi-l-muʿawwidhāti, wa-yanfuthu [خ، م، د، س، ق].
Or he should recite the chapters of refuge over himself and blow lightly [خ، م، د، س، ق].
وَمَنْ أَصَابَهُ رَمَدٌ:
wa-man ʾaṣābahu ramadun:
Whoever is afflicted with inflammation of the eyes should say:
«اللَّهُمَّ أَمْتِعْنِي بِبَصَرِي، وَاجْعَلْهُ الْوَارِثَ مِنِّي، وَأَرِنِي فِي الْعَدُوِّ ثَأْرِي، وَانْصُرْنِي عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَنِي» [مس، ي].
«Allāhumma ʾamtiʿnī bibaṣarī, wa-ijʿalhu al-wāritha minnī, wa-ʾarinī fī al-ʿaduwwi thaʾrī, wa-unṣurnī ʿalā man ẓalamanī» [مس، ي].
“O Allah, preserve my enjoyment of my sight and make it the last of my faculties to remain. Let me see my vengeance upon the enemy, and grant me victory over whoever wrongs me” [مس، ي].
وَمَنْ حَصَلَتْ لَهُ حُمَّى يَقُولُ:
wa-man ḥaṣalat lahu ḥummā yaqūlu:
Whoever develops a fever should say:
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ الْكَبِيرِ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ، مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ عِرْقٍ نَعَّارٍ (١)، وَمِنْ شَرِّ حُرِّ النَّارِ» [مس، مص].
«bi-ismi Allāhi al-kabīri, ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi al-ʿaẓīmi, min sharri kulli ʿirqin naʿʿārin (1), wa-min sharri ḥurri al-nāri» [مس، مص].
“In the name of Allah, the Most Great. I seek refuge in Allah, the Magnificent, from the evil of every vein that gushes blood (1) and from the evil of the heat of the Fire” [مس، مص].
وَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ ضُرٌّ وَسَئِمَ الْحَيَاةَ:
wa-ʾin ʾaṣābahu ḍurrun wa-saʾima al-ḥayāta:
If harm afflicts him and he becomes weary of life:
فَلَا يَتَمَنَّى الْمَوْتَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَا بُدَّ فَاعِلًا فَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَحْيِنِي مَا كَانَتْ الْحَيَاةُ خَيْرًا لِي، وَتَوَفَّنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ الْوَفَاةُ خَيْرًا لِي» [خ، م، د، ي].
fa-lā yatamannā al-mawta, fa-ʾin kāna lā budda fāʿilan fa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾaḥyinī mā kānat al-ḥayātu khayran lī, wa-tawaffanī ʾidhā kānat al-wafātu khayran lī» [خ، م، د، ي].
He must not wish for death. If he feels he cannot refrain, let him say, “O Allah, keep me alive as long as life is better for me, and cause me to die when death is better for me” [خ، م، د، ي].
وَإِذَا عَادَ مَرِيضًا قَالَ:
wa-ʾidhā ʿāda marīḍan qāla:
When he visits a sick person, he should say:
«لَا بَأْسَ، طَهُورٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، لَا بَأْسَ، طَهُورٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ» [خ، س].
«lā baʾsa, ṭahūrun ʾin shāʾa Allāhu, lā baʾsa, ṭahūrun ʾin shāʾa Allāhu» [خ، س].
“No harm; it is purification, if Allah wills. No harm; it is purification, if Allah wills” [خ، س].
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، تُرْبَةُ أَرْضِنَا، وَرِيقَةُ بَعْضِنَا، يُشْفَى سَقِيمُنَا» [خ، م، د، س، ق]، بِإِذْنِ رَبِّنَا [خ] بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ [خ].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, turbatu ʾarḍinā, wa-rīqatu baʿḍinā, yushfā saqīmunā» [خ، م، د، س، ق], bi-ʾidhni rabbinā [خ] bi-ʾidhni Allāhi [خ].
“In the name of Allah. The soil of our land and the saliva of one of us heal our sick” [خ، م، د، س، ق], “by our Lord's permission” [خ], “by Allah's permission” [خ].
وَيَمْسَحُ بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى، وَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، اشْفِهِ، وَأَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا شِفَاءَ إِلَّا شَفَاؤُكَ، شِفَاءً لَا يُغَادِرُ سَقَمًا» [خ، م، س].
wa-yamsaḥu biyadihi al-yumnā, wa-yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ʾadhhibi al-baʾsa rabba al-nāsi, ishfihi, wa-ʾanta al-shāfī, lā shifāʾa ʾillā shafāʾuka, shifāʾan lā yughādiru saqaman» [خ، م، س].
He should wipe with his right hand and say, “O Allah, remove the harm, Lord of humankind. Heal him, for You are the Healer. There is no healing except Your healing—a healing that leaves no illness behind” [خ، م، س].
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ، مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ يُؤْذِيكَ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ أَوْ عَيْنِ حَاسِدٍ، اللَّهُ يَشْفِيكَ، بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ» [م، ت، س، ق].
«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka, min kulli shayʾin yuʾdhīka, wa-min sharri kulli nafsin ʾaw ʿayni ḥāsidin, Allāhu yashfīka, bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka» [م، ت، س، ق].
“In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing from everything that harms you, from the evil of every soul or envious eye. May Allah heal you. In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing” [م، ت، س، ق].
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ، وَاللَّهُ يَشْفِيكَ مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ فِيكَ، مِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَاثَاتِ فِي الْعَقْدِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ» [مس، مص] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [مس].
«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka, wa-Allāhu yashfīka min kulli dāʾin fīka, min sharri al-nafāthāti fī al-ʿaqdi, wa-min sharri ḥāsidin ʾidhā ḥasada» [مس، مص] thalātha marrātin [مس].
“In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing. May Allah heal you of every ailment within you, from the evil of those who blow upon knots and from the evil of an envier when he envies” [مس، مص], three times [مس].
(١) يُقَالُ نَعَرَ الْعِرْقُ بِالدَّمِ؛ إِذَا عَلَا وَارْتَفَعَ، وَجُرْحٌ نَعَّارٌ وَنَعُورٌ؛ إِذَا تَصَوَّبَ دَمُهُ.
(1) yuqālu naʿara al-ʿirqu bi-l-dami; ʾidhā ʿalā wa-irtafaʿa, wa-jurḥun naʿʿārun wa-naʿūrun; ʾidhā taṣawwaba damuhu.
(1) It is said that a vein na'ara with blood when the blood rises and gushes. A wound is called na''ār or na'ūr when its blood spurts out.
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ، مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ يَشْفِيكَ، مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ ذِي عَيْنٍ» [أ].
«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka, min kulli dāʾin yashfīka, min sharri kulli ḥāsidin ʾidhā ḥasada, wa-min sharri kulli dhī ʿaynin» [أ].
“In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing. From every illness may He heal you; from the evil of every envier when he envies; and from the evil of everyone with an evil eye” [أ].
«اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِ عَبْدَكَ، يَنْكَأْ لَكَ عَدُوًّا (١)، وَيَمْشِي لَكَ إِلَى جَنَازَةٍ» [د، حب، مس].
«Allāhumma ishfi ʿabdaka, yankaʾ laka ʿaduwwan (1), wa-yamshī laka ʾilā janāzatin» [د، حب، مس].
“O Allah, heal Your servant, so that he may wound an enemy for Your sake (1) and walk to a funeral for Your sake” [د، حب، مس].
«اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ عَافِهِ» [مس، ت، حب]، «اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنْهُ» [مس].
«Allāhumma ishfihi, Allāhumma ʿāfihi» [مس، ت، حب], «Allāhumma ishfihi, Allāhumma ʾaʿinhu» [مس].
“O Allah, heal him. O Allah, grant him well-being” [مس، ت، حب]; or, “O Allah, heal him. O Allah, help him” [مس].
«يَا فُلَانُ، شَفَى اللَّهُ سَقَمَكَ، وَغَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ، وَعَافَاكَ فِي دِينِكَ وَجِسْمِكَ، إِلَى مُدَّةِ أَجَلِكَ» [مس].
«yā fulānu, shafā Allāhu saqamaka, wa-ghafara dhanbaka, wa-ʿāfāka fī dīnika wa-jismika, ʾilā muddati ʾajalika» [مس].
“O so-and-so, may Allah heal your illness, forgive your sin, and grant you well-being in your religion and body until the end of your appointed term” [مس].
وَمَنْ عَادَ مَرِيضًا لَمْ يَحْضُرْ أَجَلُهُ، فَقَالَ عِنْدَهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: «أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَظِيمَ، رَبَّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، أَنْ يَشْفِيكَ» إِلَّا عَافَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَرَضِ [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].
wa-man ʿāda marīḍan lam yaḥḍur ʾajaluhu, fa-qāla ʿindahu sabʿa marrātin: «ʾasʾalu Allāha al-ʿaẓīma, rabba al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, ʾan yashfīka» ʾillā ʿāfāhu Allāhu min dhālika al-maraḍi [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].
If someone visits a sick person whose appointed time has not come and says seven times in his presence, “I ask Allah the Magnificent, Lord of the Magnificent Throne, to heal you,” Allah will heal that person of the illness [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].
وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فُلَانًا شَاكٍ، فَقَالَ: أَيَسُرُّكَ أَنْ يَبْرَأَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: قُلْ: يَا حَلِيمُ، يَا كَرِيمُ، اشْفِ فُلَانًا. فَإِنَّهُ يَبْرَأُ [مو، مص].
wa-jāʾa rajulun ʾilā ʿaliyyin fa-qāla: ʾinna fulānan shākin, fa-qāla: ʾayasurruka ʾan yabraʾa? qāla: naʿam. qāla: qul: yā ḥalīmu, yā karīmu, ishfi fulānan. fa-ʾinnahu yabraʾu [مو، مص].
A man came to Ali and said, “So-and-so is ill.” Ali asked, “Would it please you if he recovered?” He replied, “Yes.” Ali said, “Say: O Forbearing One, O Generous One, heal so-and-so. He will then recover” [مو، مص].
وَ«أَيُّمَا مُسْلِمٍ دَعَا بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: ٨٧] أَرْبَعِينَ مَرَّةً، فَمَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ، أُعْطِيَ أَجْرَ شَهِيدٍ، وَإِنْ بَرَأَ بَرَأَ وَقَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ جَمِيعُ ذُنُوبِهِ» [مس].
wa-«ʾayyumā muslimin daʿā biqawlihi: ﴿lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta subḥānaka ʾinnī kuntu mina al-ẓālimīna﴾ [al-ʾanbiyāʾi: 87] ʾarbaʿīna marratan, fa-māta fī maraḍihi dhālika, ʾuʿṭiya ʾajra shahīdin, wa-ʾin baraʾa baraʾa wa-qad ghufira lahu jamīʿu dhunūbihi» [مس].
“Any Muslim who supplicates with the words, ‘There is no deity but You. Glory be to You; I have indeed been among the wrongdoers’ [الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: ٨٧], forty times and then dies during that illness will be given the reward of a martyr. If he recovers, he will recover with all his sins forgiven” [مس].
وَمَنْ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ،
wa-man qāla fī maraḍihi: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, lā sharīka lahu,
Whoever says during his illness, “There is no deity but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest. There is no deity but Allah alone. There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner.
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ»، ثُمَّ مَاتَ لَمْ تَطْعَمْهُ النَّارُ [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].
lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi», thumma māta lam taṭʿamhu al-nāru [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].
There is no deity but Allah; His is the dominion and His is all praise. There is no deity but Allah, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah,” and then dies, the Fire will not consume him [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].
«مَنْ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ الشَّهَادَةَ بِصِدْقٍ بَلَّغَهُ اللَّهُ مَنَازِلَ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ» [م، عه].
«man saʾala Allāha al-shahādata biṣidqin ballaghahu Allāhu manāzila al-shuhadāʾi, wa-ʾin māta ʿalā firāshihi» [م، عه].
“Whoever sincerely asks Allah for martyrdom, Allah will bring him to the stations of the martyrs even if he dies in his bed” [م، عه].
«مَنْ طَلَبَ الشَّهَادَةَ صَادِقًا أُعْطِيَهَا، وَلَوْ لَمْ تُصِبْهُ» [م].
«man ṭalaba al-shahādata ṣādiqan ʾuʿṭiyahā, wa-law lam tuṣibhu» [م].
“Whoever sincerely seeks martyrdom will be granted it, even if it does not befall him” [م].
«مَنْ قَاتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فُوَاقَ نَاقَةٍ (٢) فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَمَنْ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ الْقَتْلَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ صَادِقًا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ، كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرُ شَهِيدٍ» [عو].
«man qātala fī sabīli Allāhi fuwāqa nāqatin (2) fa-qad wajabat lahu al-jannatu, wa-man saʾala Allāha al-qatla min nafsihi ṣādiqan, thumma māta ʾaw qutila, kāna lahu ʾajru shahīdin» [عو].
“Whoever fights in the path of Allah for the interval between two milkings of a she-camel (2) has earned Paradise. Whoever sincerely asks Allah to be slain in His path, then dies or is killed, will have the reward of a martyr” [عو].
(١) يُقَالُ نَكَأَ فِي الْعَدُوِّ: إِذَا أَكْثَرْتَ فِيهِمُ الْجُرُوحَ وَالْقَتْلَ فَوَهِنُوا لِذَلِكَ.
(1) yuqālu nakaʾa fī al-ʿaduwwi: ʾidhā ʾaktharta fīhimu al-jurūḥa wa-l-qatla fa-wahinū li-dhālika.
(1) One says naka'a fi al-'aduww when one inflicts so many wounds and deaths upon the enemy that they are weakened by them.
(٢) مِقْدَارُ مَا بَيْنَ الْحَلَبَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ حَلَبِ النَّاقَةِ.
(2) miqdāru mā bayna al-ḥalabatayni ʿinda ḥalabi al-nāqati.
(2) The length of time between two successive milkings of a she-camel.
«اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي شَهَادَةً فِي سَبِيلِكَ، وَاجْعَلْ مَوْتِي بِبَلَدِ رَسُولِكَ» [خ].
«Allāhumma urzuqnī shahādatan fī sabīlika, wa-ijʿal mawtī bibaladi rasūlika» [خ].
“O Allah, grant me martyrdom in Your path, and cause me to die in the city of Your Messenger” [خ].
فَإِذَا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ:
fa-ʾidhā ḥaḍarahu al-mawtu:
When death approaches him:
وُجِّهَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ [مس]، وَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالرَّفِيقِ الْأَعْلَى» [خ، م، ت].
wujjiha ʾilā al-qiblati [مس], wa-yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ʾalḥiqnī bi-l-rafīqi al-ʾaʿlā» [خ، م، ت].
He should be turned toward the direction of prayer [مس], and he should say, “O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, and join me with the Highest Companion” [خ، م، ت].
«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، إِنَّ لِلْمَوْتِ سَكَرَاتٍ» [خ، س، ق].
«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, ʾinna li-l-mawti sakarātin» [خ، س، ق].
“There is no deity but Allah. Death truly has agonies” [خ، س، ق].
«اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ (١)، وَسَكَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ» [ت].
«Allāhumma ʾaʿinnī ʿalā ghamarāti al-mawti (1), wa-sakarāti al-mawti» [ت].
“O Allah, help me through the overwhelming hardships of death (1) and the agonies of death” [ت].
«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنَّ عَبْدِيَ الْمُؤْمِنَ عِنْدِي بِمَنْزِلَةِ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ، يَحْمَدُنِي وَأَنَا أَنْزِعُ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ جَنْبَيْهِ» [أ].
«yaqūlu Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla: ʾinna ʿabdiya al-muʾmina ʿindī bimanzilati kulli khayrin, yaḥmadunī wa-ʾanā ʾanziʿu nafsahu min bayni janbayhi» [أ].
“Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: My believing servant is in a state of complete goodness with Me; he praises Me even as I draw his soul from between his sides” [أ].
وَمَنْ حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ، فَلْيُلَقِّنْهُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ [م، عه].
wa-man ḥaḍara ʿindahu, fa-lyulaqqinhu: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu [م، عه].
Whoever is present with the dying person should prompt him to say, “There is no deity but Allah” [م، عه].
«مَنْ كَانَ آخِرُ كَلَامِهِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ» [د، مس].
«man kāna ʾākhiru kalāmihi: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu. dakhala al-jannata» [د، مس].
“Whoever's final words are ‘There is no deity but Allah’ will enter Paradise” [د، مس].
وَإِذَا غَمَّضَهُ:
wa-ʾidhā ghammaḍahu:
When he closes the deceased person's eyes:
دَعَا لِنَفْسِهِ بِخَيْرٍ، فَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ يُؤَمِّنُونَ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُ، فَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِفُلَانٍ، وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ فِي الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، وَاخْلُفْهُ فِي عَقِبِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ، وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلَهُ يَا رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَافْسَحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَنَوِّرْ لَهُ فِيهِ» [م، د، س، ق].
daʿā linafsihi bikhayrin, fa-ʾinna al-malāʾikata yuʾamminūna ʿalā mā yaqūlu, fa-yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ighfir lifulānin, wa-irfaʿ darajatahu fī al-mahdiyyīna, wa-ukhlufhu fī ʿaqibihi fī al-ghābirīna, wa-ighfir lanā wa-lahu yā rabbi al-ʿālamīna, wa-ifsaḥ lahu fī qabrihi, wa-nawwir lahu fīhi» [م، د، س، ق].
He should make a good supplication for himself, for the angels say “Amen” to whatever he says. He should say, “O Allah, forgive so-and-so, raise his rank among the rightly guided, take his place in caring for the family he leaves behind, and forgive us and him, Lord of all worlds. Make his grave spacious and illuminate it for him” [م، د، س، ق].
وَلْيَقُلْ أَهْلُهُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلَهُ، وَأَعْقِبْنِي مِنْهُ عُقْبَى حَسَنَةً» [م، عه].
wa-lyaqul ʾahluhu: «Allāhumma ighfir lī wa-lahu, wa-ʾaʿqibnī minhu ʿuqbā ḥasanatan» [م، عه].
His family should say, “O Allah, forgive me and him, and grant me good compensation for his loss” [م، عه].
وَلْيَقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةَ «يٰسٓ» [س، د، ق، حب، مس].
wa-lyaqraʾ ʿalayhi sūrata «Yā Sīn» [س، د، ق، حب، مس].
Let them recite the chapter Yā Sīn over him [س، د، ق، حب، مس].
وَيَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الْمُصِيبَةِ:
wa-yaqūlu ṣāḥibu al-muṣībati:
The person afflicted by a bereavement should say:
«إِنَّا لِلَّهِ، وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي، وَاخْلُفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا» [م].
«ʾinnā li-llāhi, wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna, Allāhumma ʾjurnī fī muṣībatī, wa-ukhluf lī khayran minhā» [م].
“We belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return. O Allah, reward me in my affliction and replace it for me with something better” [م].
وَ«إِذَا مَاتَ وَلَدُ الْعَبْدِ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: قَبَضْتُمْ وَلَدَ عَبْدِي؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: نَعَمْ. فَيَقُولُ: مَاذَا قَالَ عَبْدِي؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: حَمِدَكَ وَاسْتَرْجَعَ. فَيَقُولُ: ابْنُوا لِعَبْدِي بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَسَمُّوهُ: بَيْتَ الْحَمْدِ» [ت، حب، ي].
wa-«ʾidhā māta waladu al-ʿabdi qāla Allāhu limalāʾikatihi: qabaḍtum walada ʿabdī? fa-yaqūlūna: naʿam. fa-yaqūlu: mādhā qāla ʿabdī? fa-yaqūlūna: ḥamidaka wa-istarjaʿa. fa-yaqūlu: ibnū liʿabdī baytan fī al-jannati, wa-sammūhu: bayta al-ḥamdi» [ت، حب، ي].
“When a servant's child dies, Allah asks His angels, ‘Have you taken the child of My servant?’ They reply, ‘Yes.’ He asks, ‘What did My servant say?’ They reply, ‘He praised You and said that he belongs to You and will return to You.’ Allah says, ‘Build for My servant a house in Paradise and name it the House of Praise’” [ت، حب، ي].
(١) غَمَرَاتُ جَمْعُ غَمْرَةٍ وَهِيَ الشِّدَّةُ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَعِنِّي عَلَى شَدَائِدِ الْمَوْتِ.
(1) ghamarātu jamʿu ghamratin wa-hiya al-shiddatu, wa-l-maʿnā ʾaʿinnī ʿalā shadāʾidi al-mawti.
(1) Ghamarāt is the plural of ghamrah, meaning hardship. The meaning is: help me through the hardships of death.
فَإِذَا عَزَّى أَحَدًا:
fa-ʾidhā ʿazzā ʾaḥadan:
When offering condolences to someone:
يُسَلِّمُ وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ، وَلِلَّهِ مَا أَعْطَى، وَكُلٌّ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، فَلْيَصْبِرْ وَلْيَحْتَسِبْ» [خ، م، د، س، ق].
yusallimu wa-yaqūlu: «ʾinna li-llāhi mā ʾakhadha, wa-li-llāhi mā ʾaʿṭā, wa-kullun ʿindahu biʾajalin musamman, fa-lyaṣbir wa-lyaḥtasib» [خ، م، د، س، ق].
He should offer greetings and say, “To Allah belongs what He has taken, and to Allah belongs what He has given. Everything with Him has an appointed term, so let him be patient and seek the reward from Allah” [خ، م، د، س، ق].
وَكَتَبَ ﷺ إِلَى مُعَاذٍ يُعَزِّيهِ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ إِلَيْكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ،
wa-kataba ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʾilā muʿādhin yuʿazzīhi fī ibnin lahu: «bismi Allāhi al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi, min muḥammadin rasūli Allāhi ʾilā muʿādhi bni jabalin, salāmun ʿalayka, fa-ʾinnī ʾaḥmadu ʾilayka Allāha alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa, ʾammā baʿdu,
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to Mu'adh to console him for the loss of a son: “In the name of Allah, the Universally Merciful, the Especially Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Mu'adh ibn Jabal. Peace be upon you. I praise before you Allah, besides whom there is no deity. To proceed:
فَأَعْظَمَ اللَّهُ لَكَ الْأَجْرَ، وَأَلْهَمَكَ الصَّبْرَ، وَرَزَقْنَا وَإِيَّاكَ الشُّكْرَ، فَإِنَّ أَنْفُسَنَا، وَأَمْوَالَنَا، وَأَهْلِينَا، وَأَوْلَادَنَا، مِنْ مَوَاهِبِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْهَنِيئَةِ، وَعَوَارِيهِ الْمُسْتَوْدَعَةِ،
fa-ʾaʿẓama Allāhu laka al-ʾajra, wa-ʾalhamaka al-ṣabra, wa-razaqnā wa-ʾiyyāka al-shukra, fa-ʾinna ʾanfusanā, wa-ʾamwālanā, wa-ʾahlīnā, wa-ʾawlādanā, min mawāhibi Allāhi ʿazza wa-jalla al-hanīʾati, wa-ʿawārīhi al-mustawdaʿati,
May Allah magnify your reward, inspire you with patience, and grant us and you gratitude. Our lives, our wealth, our families, and our children are among Allah's pleasant gifts and entrusted loans.
يُمَتِّعُ بِهَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْدُودٍ، وَيَقْبِضُهَا لِوَقْتٍ مَعْلُومٍ، ثُمَّ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْنَا الشُّكْرَ إِذَا أَعْطَى، وَالصَّبْرَ إِذَا ابْتَلَى، فَكَانَ ابْنُكَ مِنْ مَوَاهِبِ اللَّهِ الْهَنِيئَةِ، وَعَوَارِيهِ الْمُسْتَوْدَعَةِ، مَتَّعَكَ بِهِ فِي غِبْطَةٍ وَسُرُورٍ،
yumattiʿu bihā ʾilā ʾajalin maʿdūdin, wa-yaqbiḍuhā liwaqtin maʿlūmin, thumma iftaraḍa ʿalaynā al-shukra ʾidhā ʾaʿṭā, wa-l-ṣabra ʾidhā ibtalā, fa-kāna ibnuka min mawāhibi Allāhi al-hanīʾati, wa-ʿawārīhi al-mustawdaʿati, mattaʿaka bihi fī ghibṭatin wa-surūrin,
He lets us enjoy them until an appointed term and takes them at a known time. He has then obligated us to give thanks when He gives and to be patient when He tests us. Your son was one of Allah's pleasant gifts and entrusted loans. He allowed you to enjoy him in happiness and delight,
وَقَبَضَهُ مِنْكَ بِأَجْرٍ كَثِيرٍ، الصَّلَاةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ وَالْهُدَى إِنِ احْتَسَبْتَ، فَاصْبِرْ، وَلَا يُحْبِطْ جَزَعُكَ (١) أَجْرَكَ فَتَنْدَمَ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْجَزَعَ لَا يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا، وَلَا يَدْفَعُ حُزْنًا، وَمَا هُوَ نَازِلٌ فَكَانَ، وَالسَّلَامُ» [مس، مر].
wa-qabaḍahu minka bi-ʾajrin kathīrin, al-ṣalāti wa-l-raḥmati wa-l-hudā ʾini iḥtasabta, fa-iṣbir, wa-lā yuḥbiṭ jazaʿuka (1) ʾajraka fa-tandama, wa-iʿlam ʾanna al-jazaʿa lā yaruddu shayʾan, wa-lā yadfaʿu ḥuznan, wa-mā huwa nāzilun fa-kāna, wa-l-salāmu» [مس، مر].
and then took him from you in exchange for a great reward—blessings, mercy, and guidance—if you seek the reward from Allah. So be patient, and do not let your grief (1) nullify your reward and leave you regretful. Know that grief restores nothing and repels no sorrow. What was destined to happen has happened. Peace” [مس، مر].
وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ ﷺ عَزَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، إِنَّ فِي اللَّهِ عَزَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ مُصِيبَةٍ، وَخَلَفًا مِنْ كُلِّ فَائِتٍ،
wa-lammā tuwuffiya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿazzathumu al-malāʾikatu: «al-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu, ʾinna fī Allāhi ʿazāʾan min kulli muṣībatin, wa-khalafan min kulli fāʾitin,
When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) died, the angels consoled them: “Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy and blessings. In Allah there is consolation for every affliction and a replacement for everything lost.
فَبِاللَّهِ فَثِقُوا، وَإِيَّاهُ فَارْجُوا، فَإِنَّمَا الْمَحْرُومُ مَنْ حُرِمَ الثَّوَابَ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [مس].
fa-bi-llāhi fa-thiqū, wa-ʾiyyāhu fa-urjū, fa-ʾinnamā al-maḥrūmu man ḥurima al-thawāba, wa-l-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu» [مس].
So place your trust in Allah and hope in Him. The truly deprived person is the one deprived of reward. Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy and blessings” [مس].
وَدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ أَشْهَبُ اللِّحْيَةِ، جَسِيمٌ، صَبِيحٌ، فَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَهُمْ، فَبَكَى، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى الصَّحَابَةِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فِي اللَّهِ عَزَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ مُصِيبَةٍ، وَعِوَضًا مِنْ كُلِّ فَائِتٍ، وَخَلَفًا مِنْ كُلِّ هَالِكٍ،
wa-dakhala rajulun ʾashhabu al-liḥyati, jasīmun, ṣabīḥun, fa-takhaṭṭā riqābahum, fa-bakā, thumma iltafata ʾilā al-ṣaḥābati fa-qāla: ʾinna fī Allāhi ʿazāʾan min kulli muṣībatin, wa-ʿiwaḍan min kulli fāʾitin, wa-khalafan min kulli hālikin,
A large, handsome man with a grizzled beard entered, made his way past them by stepping over their shoulders, and wept. Then he turned to the Companions and said, “In Allah there is consolation for every affliction, compensation for everything lost, and a successor for everyone who perishes.
فَإِلَى اللَّهِ فَأَنِيبُوا، وَإِلَيْهِ فَارْغَبُوا، وَنَظَرُهُ إِلَيْكُمْ فِي الْبَلَاءِ فَانْظُرُوا، فَإِنَّمَا الْمُصَابُ مَنْ لَمْ يُجْبَرْ. وَانْصَرَفَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيٌّ: هَذَا الْخَضِرُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ (٢) [مس].
fa-ʾilā Allāhi fa-ʾanībū, wa-ʾilayhi fa-irghabū, wa-naẓaruhu ʾilaykum fī al-balāʾi fa-unẓurū, fa-ʾinnamā al-muṣābu man lam yujbar. wa-inṣarafa, fa-qāla ʾabū bakrin wa-ʿaliyyun: hādhā al-khaḍiru ʿalayhi al-salāmu (2) [مس].
So turn penitently to Allah and direct your longing to Him. Be mindful that He watches you in affliction, for the truly afflicted person is the one whose loss is not repaired.” He then left. Abu Bakr and Ali said, “That was al-Khiḍr (peace be upon him)” (2) [مس].
وَمَنْ رَفَعَ الْمَيِّتَ عَلَى السَّرِيرِ، أَوْ حَمَلَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ [مو، مص].
wa-man rafaʿa al-mayyita ʿalā al-sarīri, ʾaw ḥamalahu fa-lyaqul: bismi Allāhi [مو، مص].
Whoever lifts the deceased onto the bier or carries him should say, “In the name of Allah” [مو، مص].
(١) الْجَزَعُ: الْحُزْنُ وَهُوَ ضِدُّ الصَّبْرِ.
(1) al-jazaʿu: al-ḥuznu wa-huwa ḍiddu al-ṣabri.
(1) Jaza' means grief and is the opposite of patience.
(٢) وَرَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ وَصَحَّحَهُ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَبَّادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا، وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ نَحْوَهُ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ.
(2) wa-rawāhu al-ḥākimu fī al-mustadraki min ḥadīthi jābirin wa-ṣaḥḥaḥahu, wa-fī ʾisnādihi ʿabbādu bnu ʿabdi al-ṣamadi wa-huwa ḍaʿīfun jiddan, wa-rawā al-shāfiʿiyyu naḥwahu, wa-fī ʾisnādihi al-qāsimu bnu ʿabdi Allāhi bni ʿumara wa-huwa matrūkun.
(2) Al-Hakim also narrated it in al-Mustadrak from Jabir and declared it authentic. Its chain contains Abbad ibn Abd al-Samad, who is extremely weak. Al-Shafi'i narrated something similar, but its chain contains al-Qasim ibn Abdullah ibn Umar, who is abandoned as a narrator.
وَإِذَا صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ:
wa-ʾidhā ṣallā ʿalayhi:
When performing the funeral prayer over the deceased:
كَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ الْفَاتِحَةَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:
kabbara, thumma qaraʾa al-fātiḥata, thumma ṣallā ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, thumma qāla:
He should pronounce the takbīr, recite the Opening chapter, invoke blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and then say:
«اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، وَيَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، أَصْبَحَ فَقِيرًا إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ،
«Allāhumma ʿabduka wa-ibnu ʾamatika yashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, wa-yashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, ʾaṣbaḥa fa-qīran ʾilā raḥmatika,
“O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your bondwoman bears witness that there is no deity but You alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger. He has entered a state of need for Your mercy,
وَأَصْبَحْتَ غَنِيًّا عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، تَخَلَّى مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَأَهْلِهَا؛ إِنْ كَانَ زَاكِيًا فَزَكِّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُخْطِئًا فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ؛ اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ» [مس].
wa-ʾaṣbaḥta ghaniyyan ʿan ʿadhābihi, takhallā mina al-dunyā wa-ʾahlihā; ʾin kāna zākiyan fa-zakkihi, wa-ʾin kāna mukhṭiʾan fa-ighfir lahu; Allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ʾajrahu, wa-lā tuḍillanā baʿdahu» [مس].
while You have no need to punish him. He has left this world and its people. If he was pure, increase his purity, and if he was at fault, forgive him. O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not lead us astray after him” [مس].
«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ، وَارْحَمْهُ، وَعَافِهِ، وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوَسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ، وَاغْسِلْهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرْدِ، وَنَقِّهِ مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الْأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ،
«Allāhumma ighfir lahu, wa-irḥamhu, wa-ʿāfihi, wa-uʿfu ʿanhu, wa-ʾakrim nuzulahu, wa-wassiʿ mudkhalahu, wa-ighsilhu bi-l-māʾi wa-l-thalji wa-l-bardi, wa-naqqihi mina al-khaṭāyā kamā naqqayta al-thawba al-ʾabyaḍa mina al-danasi,
“O Allah, forgive him, have mercy on him, grant him well-being, and pardon him. Honor his reception, make his entrance spacious, wash him with water, snow, and hail, and cleanse him of sins as You cleanse a white garment of stains.
وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلًا خَيْرًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَزَوْجًا خَيْرًا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ» [م، ت، س، ق، مص].
wa-ʾabdilhu dāran khayran min dārihi, wa-ʾahlan khayran min ʾahlihi, wa-zawjan khayran min zawjihi, wa-ʾadkhilhu al-jannata, wa-ʾaʿidhhu min ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-ʿadhābi al-nāri» [م، ت، س، ق، مص].
Give him a home better than his home, a family better than his family, and a spouse better than his spouse. Admit him to Paradise and protect him from the punishment of the grave and the punishment of the Fire” [م، ت، س، ق، مص].
«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا، وَمَيِّتِنَا، وَصَغِيرِنَا، وَكَبِيرِنَا، وَذَكَرِنَا، وَأُنْثَانَا، وَشَاهِدِنَا، وَغَائِبِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ أَحْيَيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَأَحْيِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ،
«Allāhumma ighfir liḥayyinā, wa-mayyitinā, wa-ṣaghīrinā, wa-kabīrinā, wa-dhakarinā, wa-ʾunthānā, wa-shāhidinā, wa-ghāʾibinā, Allāhumma man ʾaḥyaytahu minnā fa-ʾaḥyihi ʿalā al-ʾislāmi,
“O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, our young and our old, our males and our females, those present and those absent. O Allah, whoever among us You keep alive, keep alive upon Islam,
وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ (الْإِيمَانِ) [ت، مس]، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ» [د، ت، س، أ، حب، مس].
wa-man tawaffaytahu minnā fa-tawaffahu ʿalā al-ʾislāmi (al-ʾīmāni) [ت، مس], Allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ʾajrahu, wa-lā tuḍillanā baʿdahu» [د، ت، س، أ، حب، مس].
and whoever among us You cause to die, cause to die upon Islam (faith) [ت، مس]. O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not lead us astray after him” [د، ت، س، أ، حب، مس].
«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبُّهَا، وَأَنْتَ خَلَقْتَهَا، وَأَنْتَ هَدَيْتَهَا لِلْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْتَ قَبَضْتَ رُوحَهَا، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِسْرِّهَا وَعَلَانِيَتِهَا، جِئْنَا شُفَعَاءَ، فَاغْفِرْ [د، س] لَهَا [س]، لَهُ [د]».
«Allāhumma ʾanta rabbuhā, wa-ʾanta khalaqtahā, wa-ʾanta hadaytahā li-l-ʾislāmi, wa-ʾanta qabaḍta rūḥahā, wa-ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bisrrihā wa-ʿalāniyatihā, jiʾnā shufaʿāʾa, fa-ighfir [د، س] lahā [س], lahu [د]».
“O Allah, You are her Lord, You created her, You guided her to Islam, You took her soul, and You know best her secrets and what she made public. We have come as intercessors, so forgive [د، س] her [س], him [د].”
«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ فُلَانَ بْنَ فُلَانٍ فِي ذِمَّتِكَ، وَحَبْلِ جِوَارِكَ، فَقِهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ، وَأَنْتَ أَهْلُ الْوَفَاءِ وَالْحَمْدِ، اللَّهُمَّ فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ» [د، ق].
«Allāhumma ʾinna fulāna bna fulānin fī dhimmatika, wa-ḥabli jiwārika, faqihi min fitnati al-qabri, wa-ʿadhābi al-nāri, wa-ʾanta ʾahlu al-wafāʾi wa-l-ḥamdi, Allāhumma fa-ighfir lahu wa-irḥamhu, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-ghafūru al-raḥīmu» [د، ق].
“O Allah, so-and-so son of so-and-so is under Your protection and within Your covenant of security. Protect him from the trial of the grave and the punishment of the Fire. You are worthy of faithfulness and praise. O Allah, forgive him and have mercy on him. You are indeed the All-Forgiving, the Especially Merciful” [د، ق].
«اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ احْتَاجَ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ، وَأَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِنًا فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئًا فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ» [مس].
«Allāhumma ʿabduka wa-ibnu ʾamatika iḥtāja ʾilā raḥmatika, wa-ʾanta ghaniyyun ʿan ʿadhābihi, ʾin kāna muḥsinan fa-zid fī ʾiḥsānihi, wa-ʾin kāna musīʾan fa-tajāwaz ʿanhu» [مس].
“O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your bondwoman has come to need Your mercy, while You have no need to punish him. If he did good, increase him in goodness, and if he did wrong, overlook it for him” [مس].
«اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ كَانَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِنًا فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئًا فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ، وَلَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلَا تَفْتِنَّا بَعْدَهُ» [حب].
«Allāhumma ʿabduka wa-ibnu ʿabdika kāna yashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, wa-ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bihi minnī, ʾin kāna muḥsinan fa-zid fī ʾiḥsānihi, wa-ʾin kāna musīʾan fa-ighfir lahu, wa-lā taḥrimnā ʾajrahu, wa-lā taftinnā baʿdahu» [حب].
“O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your servant used to bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger. You know him better than I do. If he did good, increase him in goodness, and if he did wrong, forgive him. Do not deprive us of his reward and do not put us to trial after him” [حب].
وَإِذَا وَضَعَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ قَالَ:
wa-ʾidhā waḍaʿahu fī qabrihi qāla:
When he places the deceased in his grave, he should say:
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَى سُنَّةِ (مِلَّةِ) [ت] رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» [د، ت، س، حب].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-ʿalā sunnati (millati) [ت] rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam» [د، ت، س، حب].
“In the name of Allah, and according to the Sunnah (way) [ت] of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)” [د، ت، س، حب].
«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ» [مس].
«bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-bi-llāhi, wa-ʿalā millati rasūli Allāhi» [مس].
“In the name of Allah, by Allah, and according to the way of the Messenger of Allah” [مس].
﴿مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى﴾ [طٰهٰ: ٥٥]، بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ [مس].
﴿minhā khalaqnākum wa-fīhā nuʿīdukum wa-minhā nukhrijukum tāratan ʾukhrā﴾ [Ṭā Hā: 55], bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-fī sabīli Allāhi, wa-ʿalā millati rasūli Allāhi [مس].
“From it We created you, into it We shall return you, and from it We shall bring you forth once again” [طٰهٰ: ٥٥]. In the name of Allah, in the cause of Allah, and according to the way of the Messenger of Allah [مس].
فَإِذَا فَرَغَ دَفْنُهُ:
fa-ʾidhā faragha dafnuhu:
When the burial is complete:
وَقَفَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ فَقَالَ: «اسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ لِأَخِيكُمْ، وَسَلُّوا لَهُ التَّثْبِيتَ، فَإِنَّهُ الْآنَ يُسْأَلُ» [د، س].
waqafa ʿalā al-qabri fa-qāla: «istaghfirū Allāha liʾakhīkum, wa-sallū lahu al-tathbīta, fa-ʾinnahu al-ʾāna yusʾalu» [د، س].
He should stand by the grave and say, “Ask Allah to forgive your brother and to make him steadfast, for he is now being questioned” [د، س].
وَيَقْرَأُ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ بَعْدَ الدَّفْنِ أَوَّلَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَخَاتِمَتَهَا [مس، ق].
wa-yaqraʾu ʿalā al-qabri baʿda al-dafni ʾawwala sūrati al-baqarati wa-khātimatahā [مس، ق].
After the burial, he should recite the beginning and the end of Surat al-Baqarah at the grave [مس، ق].
وَإِذَا زَارَ الْقُبُورَ فَلْيَقُلْ:
wa-ʾidhā zāra al-qubūra fa-lyaqul:
When he visits graves, he should say:
«السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ - أَوْ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ - مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَلَاحِقُونَ، نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ لَنَا وَلَكُمُ الْعَافِيَةَ» [م، س، ق]، «أَنْتُمْ لَنَا فَرَطٌ (١)، وَنَحْنُ لَكُمْ تَبَعٌ» [س].
«al-salāmu ʿalā ʾahli al-diyāri - ʾaw: al-salāmu ʿalaykum ʾahla al-diyāri - mina al-muʾminīna wa-l-muslimīna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lalāḥiqūna, nasʾalu Allāha lanā wa-lakumu al-ʿāfiyata» [م، س، ق], «ʾantum lanā fa-raṭun (1), wa-naḥnu lakum tabaʿun» [س].
“Peace be upon the inhabitants of these dwellings—or: peace be upon you, inhabitants of these dwellings—from among the believers and Muslims. Allah willing, we shall join you. We ask Allah to grant well-being to us and to you” [م، س، ق]. “You have gone before us (1), and we shall follow you” [س].
«السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنَّا وَالْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَلَاحِقُونَ» [م، س، ق].
«al-salāmu ʿalā ʾahli al-diyāri mina al-muʾminīna wa-l-muslimīna, wa-yarḥamu Allāhu al-mustaqdimīna minnā wa-l-mustaʾkhirīna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lalāḥiqūna» [م، س، ق].
“Peace be upon the inhabitants of these dwellings from among the believers and Muslims. May Allah have mercy on those of us who went ahead and those who come later. Allah willing, we shall join you” [م، س، ق].
«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَتَاكُمْ مَا تُوعَدُونَ، غَدًا مُؤَجَّلُونَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ» [م، س].
«al-salāmu ʿalaykum dāra qawmin muʾminīna, wa-ʾatākum mā tūʿadūna, ghadan muʾajjalūna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūna» [م، س].
“Peace be upon you, dwelling of a believing people. What you were promised has come to you; you are deferred until tomorrow, and Allah willing, we shall join you” [م، س].
«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ» [د].
«al-salāmu ʿalaykum dāra qawmin muʾminīna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūna» [د].
“Peace be upon you, dwelling of a believing people. Allah willing, we shall join you” [د].
«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْقُبُورِ، يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ، أَنْتُمْ سَلَفُنَا، وَنَحْنُ بِالْأَثَرِ» [ت].
«al-salāmu ʿalaykum yā ʾahla al-qubūri, yaghfiru Allāhu lanā wa-lakum, ʾantum salafunā, wa-naḥnu bi-l-ʾathari» [ت].
“Peace be upon you, people of the graves. May Allah forgive us and you. You preceded us, and we are following in your footsteps” [ت].
(١) أَيْ سَابِقُونَ.
(1) ʾay sābiqūna.
(1) That is, those who went before us.
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