Al Hisn Al Hasin

الْحِصْنُ الْحَصِينُ

al-Ḥiṣn al-Ḥaṣīn

THE IMPREGNABLE FORTRESS

From the Words of the Master of the Messengers

مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ﷺ

IMAM IBN AL-JAZARĪ

Abū al-Khayr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ibn al-Jazarī · d. 833 AH

TRANSLITERATION :Long vowels are ā, ī, ū; emphatic consonants are ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ; ḥ marks ح, ʿ marks ع, and ʾ marks hamzah. Case endings are retained where the Arabic supplies them. The article is shown in its logical form: al-, wa-l-, bi-

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

bismi Allāhi al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

مُقَدِّمَةُ الْمُؤَلِّفِ

muqaddimatu al-muʾallifi

The Author's Introduction

قَالَ الشَّيْخُ، الْإِمَامُ، الْعَلَّامَةُ، فَرِيدُ دَهْرِهِ، وَوَحِيدُ عَصْرِهِ، إِمَامُ أَئِمَّةِ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ، شَمْسُ الْمِلَّةِ وَالشَّرِيعَةِ وَالدِّينِ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْجَزَرِيِّ، خَلَّدَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ظِلَالَهُ، وَأَعَادَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ بَرَكَاتِ عُلُومِهِ، آمِينَ:

qāla al-shaykhu, al-ʾimāmu, al-ʿallāmatu, farīdu dahrihi, wa-waḥīdu ʿaṣrihi, ʾimāmu ʾaʾimmati al-muḥaddithīna, shamsu al-millati wa-l-sharīʿati wa-l-dīni, muḥammadu bnu muḥammadi bni muḥammadi bni al-jazariyyi, khallada Allāhu taʿālā ẓilālahu, wa-ʾaʿāda ʿalā al-muslimīna min barakāti ʿulūmihi, ʾāmīna:

The shaykh, imam, erudite scholar, peerless in his age and unique in his era, leader of the foremost hadith scholars, sun of the community, the Sacred Law, and the religion, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Jazari—may Allah Most High perpetuate his shadow and once again bestow upon the Muslims the blessings of his knowledge. Amen—said:

أَمَّا بَعْدَ حَمْدِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الدُّعَاءَ سَبَبًا لِرَدِّ الْقَضَاءِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ وَالسَّلَامِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ سَيِّدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ الْأَتْقِيَاءِ الْأَصْفِيَاءِ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْحِصْنَ الْحَصِينَ مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ، وَسِلَاحَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ خِزَانَةِ النَّبِيِّ الْأَمِينِ،

ʾammā baʿda ḥamdi Allāhi alladhī jaʿala al-duʿāʾa sababan liraddi al-qaḍāʾi, wa-l-ṣalāti wa-l-salāmi ʿalā muḥammadin sayyidi al-ʾanbiyāʾi, wa-ʿalā ʾālihi wa-ṣaḥbihi al-ʾatqiyāʾi al-ʾaṣfiyāʾi, fa-ʾinna hādhā al-ḥiṣna al-ḥaṣīna min kalāmi sayyidi al-mursalīna, wa-silāḥa al-muʾminīna min khizānati al-nabiyyi al-ʾamīni,

After praising Allah, who made supplication a means of repelling the decree, and invoking prayers and peace upon Muhammad, master of the prophets, and upon his devout and pure family and Companions: in this Impregnable Fortress drawn from the words of the master of the messengers, this Weapon of the Believers from the treasury of the trustworthy Prophet,

وَالْهَيْكَلَ الْعَظِيمَ مِنْ قَوْلِ الرَّسُولِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَالْحِرْزَ الْمَكْنُونَ(١) مِنْ لَفْظِ الْمَعْصُومِ الْمَأْمُونِ: بَذَلْتُ فِيهِ النَّصِيحَةَ، وَأَخْرَجْتُهُ مِنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، أَبْرَزْتُهُ عُدَّةً عِنْدَ كُلِّ شِدَّةٍ، وَجَرَّدْتُهُ جُنَّةً(٢) تَقِي مِنْ شَرِّ النَّاسِ وَالْجِنَّةِ،

wa-l-haykala al-ʿaẓīma min qawli al-rasūli al-karīmi, wa-l-ḥirza al-maknūna(1) min lafẓi al-maʿṣūmi al-maʾmūni: badhaltu fīhi al-naṣīḥata, wa-ʾakhrajtuhu mina al-ʾaḥādīthi al-ṣaḥīḥati, ʾabraztuhu ʿuddatan ʿinda kulli shiddatin, wa-jarradtuhu junnatan(2) taqī min sharri al-nāsi wa-l-jinnati,

this Mighty Temple drawn from the words of the noble Messenger, and this concealed refuge(1) drawn from the utterances of the protected and trusted one, I have offered sincere counsel and derived it from authentic hadiths. I have presented it as provision for every hardship and made it a shield(2) that protects against the evil of humankind and jinn.

تَحَصَّنْتُ بِهِ فِيمَا دَهَمَ مِنَ الْمُصِيبَةِ، وَاعْتَصَمْتُ مِنْ كُلِّ ظَالِمٍ بِمَا حَوَى مِنَ السِّهَامِ الْمُصِيبَةِ، وَقُلْتُ:

taḥaṣṣantu bihi fīmā dahama mina al-muṣībati, wa-iʿtaṣamtu min kulli ẓālimin bimā ḥawā mina al-sihāmi al-muṣībati, wa-qultu:

I fortified myself with it against every calamity that assailed me, and I sought protection from every oppressor through the unerring arrows it contains. I said:

أَلَا قُولُوا لِشَخْصٍ قَدْ تَقَوَّى عَلَى ضَعْفِي وَلَمْ يَخْشَ رَقِيبَةً

ʾalā qūlū lishakhṣin qad taqawwā ʿalā ḍaʿfī wa-lam yakhsha raqībatan

Tell the one who has preyed upon my weakness and feared no watcher:

خَبَّأْتُ لَهُ سِهَامًا فِي اللَّيَالِي وَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ مُصِيبَةً

khabbaʾtu lahu sihāman fī al-layālī wa-ʾarjū ʾan takūna lahu muṣībatan

I have hidden arrows for him in the night, and I hope that they will strike him with calamity.

أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَنْفَعَ بِهِ، وَأَنْ يُفَرِّجَ عَنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ بِسَبَبِهِ.

ʾasʾalu Allāha ʾan yanfaʿa bihi, wa-ʾan yufarrija ʿan kulli muslimin bisababihi.

I ask Allah to make it beneficial and, by means of it, to grant relief to every Muslim.

عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَعَ اقْتِصَارِهِ وَاخْتِصَارِهِ لَمْ يَدَعْ حَدِيثًا صَحِيحًا فِي بَابِهِ إِلَّا اسْتَحْضَرَهُ وَأَتَى بِهِ.

ʿalā ʾannahu maʿa iqtiṣārihi wa-ikhtiṣārihi lam yadaʿ ḥadīthan ṣaḥīḥan fī bābihi ʾillā istaḥḍarahu wa-ʾatā bihi.

Despite its brevity and concision, it has omitted no authentic hadith on its subject, but has brought each one to hand and included it.

وَلَمَّا أَكْمَلْتُ تَرْتِيبَهُ وَتَهْذِيبَهُ طَلَبَنِي عَدُوٌّ، وَلَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، فَهَرَبْتُ مِنْهُ مُخْتَفِيًا، وَتَحَصَّنْتُ بِهَذَا الْحِصْنِ، فَرَأَيْتُ سَيِّدَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ﷺ وَأَنَا جَالِسٌ عَلَى يَسَارِهِ، وَكَأَنَّهُ ﷺ يَقُولُ: مَا تُرِيدُ؟

wa-lammā ʾakmaltu tartībahu wa-tahdhībahu ṭalabanī ʿaduwwun, wa-lā yumkinu ʾan yadfaʿahu ʾillā Allāhu taʿālā, fa-harabtu minhu mukhtafiyan, wa-taḥaṣṣantu bi-hādhā al-ḥiṣni, fa-raʾaytu sayyida al-mursalīna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-ʾanā jālisun ʿalā yasārihi, wa-kaʾannahu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yaqūlu: mā turīdu?

When I had completed arranging and refining it, an enemy pursued me whom none but Allah Most High could repel. I fled from him in hiding and fortified myself with this fortress. Then I saw the master of the messengers (peace and blessings be upon him) while I was seated to his left, and it was as though he (peace and blessings be upon him) were saying, "What do you want?"

فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ادْعُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَرَفَعَ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ الْكَرِيمَتَيْنِ وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمَا، فَدَعَا، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِهِمَا وَجْهَهُ الْكَرِيمَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ، فَهَرَبَ الْعَدُوُّ لَيْلَةَ الْأَحَدِ، وَفَرَّجَ اللَّهُ عَنِّي وَعَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِبَرَكَةِ مَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ عَنْهُ ﷺ.

fa-qultu: yā rasūla Allāhi, udʿu Allāha lī wa-li-l-muslimīna, fa-rafaʿa ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yadayhi al-karīmatayni wa-ʾanā ʾanẓuru ʾilayhimā, fa-daʿā, thumma masaḥa bihimā wajhahu al-karīma, wa-kāna dhālika laylata al-khamīsi, fa-haraba al-ʿaduwwu laylata al-ʾaḥadi, wa-farraja Allāhu ʿannī wa-ʿani al-muslimīna bibarakati mā fī hādhā al-kitābi ʿanhu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam.

I said, "O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah for me and for the Muslims." He (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his noble hands while I watched them and supplicated; then he wiped his noble face with them. That was on the night preceding Thursday. The enemy fled on the night preceding Sunday, and Allah relieved me and the Muslims through the blessing of what this book contains from him (peace and blessings be upon him).

(١) الْمَوْضِعُ الْحَصِينُ.

(1) al-mawḍiʿu al-ḥaṣīnu.

(1) A fortified place.

(٢) وَاقٍ وَسَاتِرٌ.

(2) wāqin wa-sātirun.

(2) Something that protects and conceals.

  

وَقَدْ رَمَزْتُ لِلْكُتُبِ الَّتِي خَرَّجْتُ مِنْهَا هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثَ بِحُرُوفٍ تَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، سَلَكْتُ فِيهَا أَخْصَرَ الْمَسَالِكِ، فَجَعَلْتُ عَلَامَةَ:

wa-qad ramaztu li-l-kutubi allatī kharrajtu minhā hādhihi al-ʾaḥādītha biḥurūfin tadullu ʿalā dhālika, salaktu fīhā ʾakhṣara al-masāliki, fa-jaʿaltu ʿalāmata:

I have represented the books from which I sourced these hadiths by letters that indicate them, taking the shortest approach. Thus I assigned the following signs:

صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ [خ]

ṣaḥīḥi al-bukhāriyyi [خ]

Sahih al-Bukhari [خ]

وَمُسْلِمٍ [م]

wa-muslimin [م]

and Muslim [م]

وَسُنَنِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ [د]

wa-sunani ʾabī dāwūda [د]

and Sunan Abi Dawud [د]

وَالتِّرْمِذِيِّ [ت]

wa-l-tirmidhiyyi [ت]

and al-Tirmidhi [ت]

وَالنَّسَائِيِّ [س]

wa-l-nasāʾiyyi [س]

and al-Nasa'i [س]

وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ الْقَزْوِينِيِّ [ق]

wa-ibni mājah al-qazwīniyyi [ق]

and Ibn Majah al-Qazwini [ق]

وَهَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ [عه]

wa-hādhihi al-ʾarbaʿati [عه]

and these four [عه]

وَهَذِهِ السِّتَّةِ [ع]

wa-hādhihi al-sittati [ع]

and these six [ع]

وَصَحِيحِ ابْنِ حِبَّانَ [حب]

wa-ṣaḥīḥi ibni ḥibbāna [حب]

and Sahih Ibn Hibban [حب]

وَصَحِيحِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ [مس]

wa-ṣaḥīḥi al-mustadraki [مس]

and the Sahih al-Mustadrak [مس]

وَأَبِي عَوَانَةَ [عو]

wa-ʾabī ʿawānata [عو]

and Abu 'Awanah [عو]

وَابْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ [مه]

wa-ibni khuzaymata [مه]

and Ibn Khuzaymah [مه]

وَالْمُوَطَّإِ [طا]

wa-l-muwaṭṭaʾi [طا]

and al-Muwatta' [طا]

وَسُنَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ [قط]

wa-sunani al-dāraquṭniyyi [قط]

and Sunan al-Daraqutni [قط]

وَمُصَنَّفِ ابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ [مص]

wa-muṣannafi ibni ʾabī shaybata [مص]

and the Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah [مص]

وَمُسْنَدِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ [أ]

wa-musnadi al-ʾimāmi ʾaḥmada [أ]

and the Musnad of Imam Ahmad [أ]

وَالْبَزَّارِ [ر]

wa-l-bazzāri [ر]

and al-Bazzar [ر]

وَأَبِي يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيِّ [ص]

wa-ʾabī yaʿlā al-mawṣiliyyi [ص]

and Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili [ص]

وَالدَّارِمِيِّ [مي]

wa-l-dārimiyyi [مي]

and al-Darimi [مي]

وَمُعْجَمِ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ [ط]

wa-muʿjami al-ṭabarāniyyi al-kabīri [ط]

and al-Tabarani's al-Mu'jam al-Kabir [ط]

وَالْأَوْسَطِ [طس]

wa-l-ʾawsaṭi [طس]

and al-Awsat [طس]

وَالصَّغِيرِ [صط]

wa-l-ṣaghīri [صط]

and al-Saghir [صط]

وَ«الدُّعَاءِ» لَهُ [طب]

wa-«al-duʿāʾi» lahu [طب]

and his al-Du'a [طب]

وَلِابْنِ مَرْدَوَيْهِ [مر]

wa-li-ibni mardawayhi [مر]

and Ibn Mardawayh [مر]

وَلِلْبَيْهَقِيِّ [قي]

wa-li-l-bayhaqiyyi [قي]

and al-Bayhaqi [قي]

وَ«السُّنَنِ الْكُبْرَى» لَهُ [سني]

wa-«al-sunani al-kubrā» lahu [سني]

and his al-Sunan al-Kubra [سني]

وَ«عَمَلِ الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ» لِابْنِ السُّنِّيِّ [ي]

wa-«ʿamali al-yawmi wa-l-laylati» li-ibni al-sunniyyi [ي]

and Ibn al-Sunni's 'Amal al-Yawm wa-al-Laylah [ي]

  

وَأُقَدِّمُ رَمْزَ مَنْ لَهُ اللَّفْظُ.

wa-ʾuqaddimu ramza man lahu al-lafẓu.

I place first the siglum of the source whose wording is used.

وَإِنْ كَانَ الْحَدِيثُ مَوْقُوفًا(١) جَعَلْتُ قَبْلَ رَمْزِهِ [مو]؛ لِيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ مَوْقُوفٌ لِمَا بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ، وَذَلِكَ قَلِيلٌ حَيْثُ عُدِمَ الْمُتَّصِلُ(٢) أَوِ اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ.

wa-ʾin kāna al-ḥadīthu mawqūfan(1) jaʿaltu qabla ramzihi [مو]; liyuʿlama ʾannahu mawqūfun limā baʿdahu mina al-kutubi, wa-dhālika qalīlun ḥaythu ʿudima al-muttaṣilu(2) ʾawi ukhtulifa fīhi.

If a hadith is mawquf(1), I place [مو] before its siglum so that it is known to be mawquf in the books whose sigla follow. This occurs only rarely, where no connected report(2) exists or where its status is disputed.

عَلَى أَنِّي لَمْ أَجْعَلْ هَذِهِ الرُّمُوزَ إِلَّا لِعَالِمٍ يَرْبَأُ(٣) بِنَفْسِهِ عَنِ التَّقْلِيدِ، أَوْ لِمُتَعَلِّمٍ يَتَعَرَّفُ صَحِيحَ الْكُتُبِ وَالْمَسَانِيدِ(٤)، وَإِلَّا فَفِي الْحَقِيقَةِ لَا احْتِيَاجَ إِلَيْهَا لِعُمُومِ النَّاسِ، فَلْيَعْلَمْ أَنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ جَمِيعُ مَا فِيهِ صَحِيحًا فَزَالَ الِالْتِبَاسُ.

ʿalā ʾannī lam ʾajʿal hādhihi al-rumūza ʾillā liʿālimin yarbaʾu(3) binafsihi ʿani al-taqlīdi, ʾaw limutaʿallimin yataʿarrafu ṣaḥīḥa al-kutubi wa-l-masānīdi(4), wa-ʾillā fa-fī al-ḥaqīqati lā iḥtiyāja ʾilayhā liʿumūmi al-nāsi, fa-lyaʿlam ʾannī ʾarjū ʾan yakūna jamīʿu mā fīhi ṣaḥīḥan fa-zāla al-iltibāsu.

I have included these sigla only for a scholar who holds himself(3) above mere imitation, or for a student who wishes to identify the sound works and musnads(4). In truth, ordinary people have no need of them. Let it be known that I hope everything in this book is authentic, and so all uncertainty is removed.

وَقَدْ جَمَعَ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ هَذَا الْمُخْتَصَرُ اللَّطِيفُ مَا لَمْ تَجْمَعْهُ مُجَلَّدَاتٌ مِنَ التَّوَالِيفِ.

wa-qad jamaʿa biḥamdi Allāhi hādhā al-mukhtaṣaru al-laṭīfu mā lam tajmaʿhu mujalladātun mina al-tawālīfi.

By Allah's praise, this pleasant abridgment has gathered what volumes of other works have not gathered.

وَإِذَا انْتَهَى نَرْجُو مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ نَجْعَلَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَصْلًا(٥) يَفْتَحُ مَا أُقْفِلَ، مِنْ لَفْظِ مَا فِيهِ قَدْ أَشْكَلَ.

wa-ʾidhā intahā narjū mina Allāhi ʾan najʿala fī ʾākhirihi faṣlan(5) yaftaḥu mā ʾuqfila, min lafẓi mā fīhi qad ʾashkala.

When it is complete, we ask Allah to enable us to place at its end a chapter(5) that clarifies any difficult wording in it.

وَهَذِهِ مُقَدِّمَةٌ تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى أَحَادِيثَ فِي فَضْلِ الدُّعَاءِ وَالذِّكْرِ، ثُمَّ آدَابِ الدُّعَاءِ وَالذِّكْرِ، وَأَوْقَاتِ الْإِجَابَةِ، وَأَحْوَالِهَا، وَأَمَاكِنِهَا، ثُمَّ اسْمِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْأَعْظَمِ، وَأَسْمَائِهِ الْحُسْنَى، ثُمَّ مَا يُقَالُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ وَالْمَسَاءِ،

wa-hādhihi muqaddimatun tashtamilu ʿalā ʾaḥādītha fī faḍli al-duʿāʾi wa-l-dhikri, thumma ʾādābi al-duʿāʾi wa-l-dhikri, wa-ʾawqāti al-ʾijābati, wa-ʾaḥwālihā, wa-ʾamākinihā, thumma ismi Allāhi taʿālā al-ʾaʿẓami, wa-ʾasmāʾihi al-ḥusnā, thumma mā yuqālu fī al-ṣabāḥi wa-l-masāʾi,

This introduction contains hadiths on the merit of supplication and remembrance; then the etiquettes of supplication and remembrance; the times, circumstances, and places in which prayers are answered; then the Greatest Name of Allah Most High and His Most Beautiful Names; then what is said morning and evening,

وَفِي طُولِ الْحَيَاةِ إِلَى الْمَمَاتِ، مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ، وَصَحَّ النَّصُّ عَنْهُ ﷺ، ثُمَّ الذِّكْرِ الَّذِي وَرَدَ فَضْلُهُ، وَلَمْ يَخْتَصَّ بِوَقْتٍ مِنَ الْأَوْقَاتِ، ثُمَّ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ الَّذِي يَمْحُو الْخَطِيئَاتِ، ثُمَّ فَضْلِ الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ،

wa-fī ṭūli al-ḥayāti ʾilā al-mamāti, min jamīʿi mā yuḥtāju ʾilayhi, wa-ṣaḥḥa al-naṣṣu ʿanhu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, thumma al-dhikri alladhī warada faḍluhu, wa-lam yakhtaṣṣa biwaqtin mina al-ʾawqāti, thumma al-istighfāri alladhī yamḥū al-khaṭīʾāti, thumma faḍli al-qurʾāni al-ʿaẓīmi,

and throughout life until death, comprising everything one needs for which an authentic text has been reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); then remembrances whose merit has been reported but which are not confined to any particular time; then seeking forgiveness, which erases sins; then the merit of the magnificent Qur'an,

وَسُوَرٍ مِنْهُ وَآيَاتٍ، ثُمَّ الدُّعَاءِ الَّذِي صَحَّ عَنْهُ ﷺ كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ خَتَمْتُهُ بِفَضْلِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى سَيِّدِ الْخَلْقِ وَرَسُولِ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي هَدَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ، وَبَصَّرَ مِنَ الْعَمَى، فَأَوْضَحَ الْمَحَجَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَدَعْ لِأَحَدٍ حُجَّةً، ﷺ كُلَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ الذَّاكِرُونَ، وَغَفَلَ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِ الْغَافِلُونَ.

wa-suwarin minhu wa-ʾāyātin, thumma al-duʿāʾi alladhī ṣaḥḥa ʿanhu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ka-dhālika, thumma khatamtuhu bifaḍli al-ṣalāti ʿalā sayyidi al-khalqi wa-rasūli al-ḥaqqi alladhī hadā Allāhu taʿālā bihi mina al-ḍalālati, wa-baṣṣara mina al-ʿamā, fa-ʾawḍaḥa al-maḥajjata, wa-lam yadaʿ liʾaḥadin ḥujjatan, ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam kullamā dhakarahu al-dhākirūna, wa-ghafala ʿan dhikrihi al-ghāfilūna.

its surahs and verses; then the supplications likewise authentically reported from him (peace and blessings be upon him). I concluded it with the merit of invoking blessings upon the master of creation and Messenger of the Truth, through whom Allah Most High guided people from error and gave sight to those who were blind. He made the path clear and left no one any excuse—(peace and blessings be upon him) whenever those who remember mention him and those who are heedless fail to remember him.

(١) الْحَدِيثُ الْمَوْقُوفُ: هُوَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي أُضِيفَ إِلَى الصَّحَابَةِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ قَوْلًا كَانَ أَوْ فِعْلًا أَوْ تَقْرِيرًا، وَلَمْ يُتَجَاوَزْ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.

(1) al-ḥadīthu al-mawqūfu: huwa al-ḥadīthu alladhī ʾuḍīfa ʾilā al-ṣaḥābati raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhum qawlan kāna ʾaw fiʿlan ʾaw taqrīran, wa-lam yutajāwaz bihi ʾilā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam.

(1) A mawquf hadith is a hadith attributed to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, whether as a statement, action, or tacit approval, and not traced beyond them to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

(٢) هُوَ الَّذِي سَمِعَهُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ رُوَاتِهِ مِمَّنْ فَوْقَهُ حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى مُنْتَهَاهُ.

(2) huwa alladhī samiʿahu kullu wāḥidin min ruwātihi mimman fawqahu ḥattā yantahiya ʾilā muntahāhu.

(2) It is a report that each of its narrators heard from the narrator above him, all the way to its endpoint.

(٣) يَرْبَأُ: يَعْلُو وَيَرْتَفِعُ.

(3) yarbaʾu: yaʿlū wa-yartafiʿu.

(3) Yarba'u means to rise and hold oneself above something.

(٤) الْمَسَانِيدُ: الْمُسْنَدُ هُوَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي تُذْكَرُ فِيهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ عَلَى تَرْتِيبِ الصَّحَابَةِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ.

(4) al-masānīdu: al-musnadu huwa al-kitābu alladhī tudhkaru fīhi al-ʾaḥādīthu ʿalā tartībi al-ṣaḥābati raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhum.

(4) Musnads: a musnad is a book in which hadiths are listed according to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them.

(٥) لَمْ يَرِدْ فِي نُسَخِ الْكِتَابِ فَصْلٌ يُشْرَحُ فِيهِ مَا أُقْفِلَ مِنْ لَفْظٍ فِيهِ إِشْكَالٌ.

(5) lam yarid fī nusakhi al-kitābi faṣlun yushraḥu fīhi mā ʾuqfila min lafẓin fīhi ʾishkālun.

(5) No chapter explaining the obscure and difficult wording appears in the manuscript copies of the book.

  

فَضْلُ الدُّعَاءِ

faḍlu al-duʿāʾi

The Merit of Supplication

قَالَ ﷺ: «الدُّعَاءُ هُوَ الْعِبَادَةُ»، ثُمَّ تَلَا: ﴿وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي﴾ [غَافِرٍ: ٦٠] [مص، عه، حب، مس، أ].

qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «al-duʿāʾu huwa al-ʿibādatu», thumma talā: ﴿wa-qāla rabbukumu udʿūnī ʾastajib lakum ʾinna alladhīna yastakbirūna ʿan ʿibādatī﴾ [ghāfirin: 60] [مص، عه، حب، مس، أ].

He (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Supplication is worship." Then he recited: "Your Lord has said, 'Call upon Me, and I will answer you. Those who are too arrogant to worship Me.'" [غَافِرٍ: ٦٠] [مص، عه، حب، مس، أ].

«مَنْ فُتِحَ لَهُ فِي الدُّعَاءِ مِنْكُمْ فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ الْإِجَابَةِ» [مص].

«man futiḥa lahu fī al-duʿāʾi minkum futiḥat lahu ʾabwābu al-ʾijābati» [مص].

"Whoever among you is granted an opening in supplication has had the gates of response opened for him." [مص].

«... فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ» [مس].

«... futiḥat lahu ʾabwābu al-jannati» [مس].

"... the gates of Paradise have been opened for him." [مس].

«... فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ الرَّحْمَةِ، وَمَا سُئِلَ اللَّهُ شَيْئًا أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْ يُسْأَلَ الْعَافِيَةَ» [ت].

«... futiḥat lahu ʾabwābu al-raḥmati, wa-mā suʾila Allāhu shayʾan ʾaḥabba ʾilayhi min ʾan yusʾala al-ʿāfiyata» [ت].

"... the gates of mercy have been opened for him, and Allah is not asked for anything dearer to Him than well-being." [ت].

«لَا يَرُدُّ الْقَضَاءَ إِلَّا الدُّعَاءُ(١)، وَلَا يَزِيدُ فِي الْعُمُرِ(٢) إِلَّا الْبِرُّ» [ت، ق، حب، مس].

«lā yaruddu al-qaḍāʾa ʾillā al-duʿāʾu(1), wa-lā yazīdu fī al-ʿumuri(2) ʾillā al-birru» [ت، ق، حب، مس].

"Nothing repels the decree except supplication(1), and nothing increases one's lifespan(2) except righteousness." [ت، ق، حب، مس].

«لَا يُغْنِي حَذَرٌ مِنْ قَدَرٍ(٣)، وَالدُّعَاءُ يَنْفَعُ مِمَّا نَزَلَ وَمِمَّا لَمْ يَنْزِلْ، وَإِنَّ الْبَلَاءَ لَيَنْزِلُ يَتَلَقَّاهُ الدُّعَاءُ، فَيَعْتَلِجَانِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ» [مس، ر، طس].

«lā yughnī ḥadharun min qadarin(3), wa-l-duʿāʾu yanfaʿu mimmā nazala wa-mimmā lam yanzil, wa-ʾinna al-balāʾa layanzilu yatalaqqāhu al-duʿāʾu, fa-yaʿtalijāni ʾilā yawmi al-qiyāmati» [مس، ر، طس].

"Precaution provides no protection from destiny(3). Supplication benefits against what has already descended and what has not yet descended. Calamity may indeed descend and be met by supplication, and the two continue to struggle until the Day of Resurrection." [مس، ر، طس].

«لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَكْرَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ» [ت، ق، حب، مس].

«laysa shayʾun ʾakrama ʿalā Allāhi mina al-duʿāʾi» [ت، ق، حب، مس].

"Nothing is more honored in Allah's sight than supplication." [ت، ق، حب، مس].

«مَنْ لَمْ يَسْأَلِ اللَّهَ يَغْضَبْ عَلَيْهِ»(٤) [ت، مس].

«man lam yasʾali Allāha yaghḍab ʿalayhi»(4) [ت، مس].

"Allah is angry with anyone who does not ask Him."(4) [ت، مس].

«مَنْ لَمْ يَدْعُ اللَّهَ غَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ» [مص].

«man lam yadʿu Allāha ghaḍiba ʿalayhi» [مص].

"Allah is angry with anyone who does not supplicate to Him." [مص].

«لَا تَعْجَزُوا فِي الدُّعَاءِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَنْ يَهْلِكَ مَعَ الدُّعَاءِ أَحَدٌ» [حب، مس].

«lā taʿjazū fī al-duʿāʾi; fa-ʾinnahu lan yahlika maʿa al-duʿāʾi ʾaḥadun» [حب، مس].

"Do not give up on supplication, for no one will ever perish while supplicating." [حب، مس].

(١) فِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ يَدْفَعُ بِالدُّعَاءِ مَا قَدْ قَضَاهُ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ، وَهِيَ مَسْأَلَةٌ خِلَافِيَّةٌ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ.

(1) fīhi dalīlun ʿalā ʾannahu subḥānahu yadfaʿu bi-l-duʿāʾi mā qad qaḍāhu ʿalā al-ʿabdi, wa-hiya masʾalatun khilāfiyyatun bayna al-ʿulamāʾi.

(1) This is evidence that He, Glorious is He, repels through supplication what He has decreed for the servant. Scholars differ on this issue.

(٢) قِيلَ الْمُرَادُ الزِّيَادَةُ الْحَقِيقِيَّةُ، وَقِيلَ الْمُرَادُ الْبَرَكَةُ فِي الْعُمُرِ.

(2) qīla al-murādu al-ziyādatu al-ḥaqīqiyyatu, wa-qīla al-murādu al-barakatu fī al-ʿumuri.

(2) It is said that this means a literal increase, and it is also said that it means blessing in one's lifespan.

(٣) يَقُولُ الشَّوْكَانِيُّ: فِيهِ دَلِيلٌ أَنَّ الْحَذَرَ لَا يُغْنِي عَنْ صَاحِبِهِ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْقَدَرِ الْمَكْتُوبِ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَنْفَعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الدُّعَاءُ، وَالْحَاصِلُ أَنَّ الدُّعَاءَ مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَقَدْ يَقْضِي بِشَيْءٍ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ قَضَاءً مُقَيَّدًا بِأَنْ لَا يَدْعُوَهُ، فَإِنْ دَعَاهُ انْدَفَعَ عَنْهُ.

(3) yaqūlu al-shawkāniyyu: fīhi dalīlun ʾanna al-ḥadhara lā yughnī ʿan ṣāḥibihi shayʾan mina al-qadari al-maktūbi ʿalayhi, wa-lākinnahu yanfaʿu min dhālika al-duʿāʾu, wa-l-ḥāṣilu ʾanna al-duʿāʾa min qadari Allāhi ʿazza wa-jalla fa-qad yaqḍī bishayʾin ʿalā ʿabdihi qaḍāʾan muqayyadan bi-ʾan lā yadʿuwahu, fa-ʾin daʿāhu indafaʿa ʿanhu.

(3) Al-Shawkani says: This is evidence that caution cannot protect a person from any part of the destiny written for him, but supplication does benefit him against it. In sum, supplication is itself part of Allah's decree, Mighty and Majestic. He may decree something for His servant conditionally upon the servant not supplicating to Him; if the servant does supplicate, it is repelled from him.

وَقَوْلُهُ: يَعْتَلِجَانِ: أَيْ يَتَصَارَعَانِ وَيَتَدَافَعَانِ.

wa-qawluhu: yaʿtalijāni: ʾay yataṣāraʿāni wa-yatadāfaʿāni.

The phrase "the two continue to struggle" means that they contend with and repel one another.

(٤) فِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الدُّعَاءَ مِنَ الْعَبْدِ لِرَبِّهِ مِنْ أَهَمِّ الْوَاجِبَاتِ وَأَعْظَمِ الْمَفْرُوضَاتِ، لِأَنَّ تَجَنُّبَ مَا يُغْضِبُ اللَّهَ مِنْهُ لَا خِلَافَ فِي وُجُوبِهِ، وَأَنَّ تَرْكَ دُعَاءِ الْعَبْدِ لِرَبِّهِ مِنَ الِاسْتِكْبَارِ.

(4) fīhi dalīlun ʿalā ʾanna al-duʿāʾa mina al-ʿabdi lirabbihi min ʾahammi al-wājibāti wa-ʾaʿẓami al-mafrūḍāti, liʾanna tajannuba mā yughḍibu Allāha minhu lā khilāfa fī wujūbihi, wa-ʾanna tarka duʿāʾi al-ʿabdi lirabbihi mina al-istikbāri.

(4) This is evidence that a servant's supplication to his Lord is among the most important duties and greatest obligations, because there is no disagreement that avoiding what angers Allah is obligatory, and because a servant's failure to call upon his Lord stems from arrogance.

  

«مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَسْتَجِيبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ عِنْدَ الشَّدَائِدِ وَالْكُرَبِ(١) فَلْيُكْثِرِ الدُّعَاءَ فِي الرَّخَاءِ» [ت].

«man sarrahu ʾan yastajība Allāhu lahu ʿinda al-shadāʾidi wa-l-kurabi(1) fa-lyukthiri al-duʿāʾa fī al-rakhāʾi» [ت].

"Whoever would be pleased for Allah to answer him in times of hardship and distress(1) should supplicate frequently in times of ease." [ت].

«الدُّعَاءُ سِلَاحُ الْمُؤْمِنِ، وَعِمَادُ الدِّينِ، وَنُورُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ» [مس].

«al-duʿāʾu silāḥu al-muʾmini, wa-ʿimādu al-dīni, wa-nūru al-samawāti wa-l-ʾarḍi» [مس].

"Supplication is the believer's weapon, the pillar of the religion, and the light of the heavens and the earth." [مس].

مَرَّ ﷺ بِقَوْمٍ مُبْتَلَيْنِ فَقَالَ: «أَمَا كَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ يَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ؟» [د].

marra ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam biqawmin mubtalayni fa-qāla: «ʾamā kāna hāʾulāʾi yasʾalūna Allāha al-ʿāfiyata?» [د].

He (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by people who were afflicted and said, "Why did these people not ask Allah for well-being?" [د].

«مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَنْصِبُ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ إِلَّا أَعْطَاهَا إِيَّاهُ؛ إِمَّا أَنْ يُعَجِّلَهَا لَهُ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَدَّخِرَهَا لَهُ» [أ].

«mā min muslimin yanṣibu wajhahu li-llāhi taʿālā fī masʾalatin ʾillā ʾaʿṭāhā ʾiyyāhu; ʾimmā ʾan yuʿajjilahā lahu, wa-ʾimmā ʾan yaddakhirahā lahu» [أ].

"No Muslim turns his face to Allah Most High with a request without Allah granting it to him, either by granting it promptly or by storing it up for him." [أ].

(١) الْكُرَبُ: جَمْعُ كُرْبَةٍ وَهِيَ مَا يَأْخُذُ النَّفْسَ مِنَ الْغَمِّ.

(1) al-kurabu: jamʿu kurbatin wa-hiya mā yaʾkhudhu al-nafsa mina al-ghammi.

(1) Kurab is the plural of kurbah, meaning distress that grips the soul with anguish.

 

فَضْلُ الذِّكْرِ

faḍlu al-dhikri

The Merit of Remembrance

«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: أَنَا عِنْدَ ظَنِّ عَبْدِي بِي، وَأَنَا مَعَهُ إِذَا ذَكَرَنِي، فَإِنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي نَفْسِهِ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي نَفْسِي، وَإِنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي مَلَإٍ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي مَلَإٍ خَيْرٍ مِنْهُ ...»(١) الْحَدِيثَ [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

«yaqūlu Allāhu: ʾanā ʿinda ẓanni ʿabdī bī, wa-ʾanā maʿahu ʾidhā dhakaranī, fa-ʾin dhakaranī fī nafsihi dhakartuhu fī nafsī, wa-ʾin dhakaranī fī malaʾin dhakartuhu fī malaʾin khayrin minhu...»(1) al-ḥadītha [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

"Allah says: 'I am as My servant thinks of Me, and I am with him when he remembers Me. If he remembers Me within himself, I remember him within Myself; and if he remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than it...'"(1) to the end of the hadith [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

«أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ أَعْمَالِكُمْ، وَأَزْكَاهَا عِنْدَ مَلِيكِكُمْ، وَأَرْفَعِهَا فِي دَرَجَاتِكُمْ، وَخَيْرٍ لَكُمْ مِنْ إِنْفَاقِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ(٢)، وَخَيْرٍ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْ تَلْقَوْا عَدُوَّكُمْ فَتَضْرِبُوا أَعْنَاقَهُمْ وَيَضْرِبُوا أَعْنَاقَكُمْ؟» قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: «ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ»(٣) [ت، ق، مس، أ].

«ʾalā ʾukhbirukum bikhayri ʾaʿmālikum, wa-ʾazkāhā ʿinda malīkikum, wa-ʾarfaʿihā fī darajātikum, wa-khayrin lakum min ʾinfāqi al-dhahabi wa-l-wariqi(2), wa-khayrin lakum min ʾan talqaw ʿaduwwakum fa-taḍribū ʾaʿnāqahum wa-yaḍribū ʾaʿnāqakum?» qālū: balā, qāla: «dhikru Allāhi»(3) [ت، ق، مس، أ].

"Shall I tell you of the best of your deeds, the purest of them in the sight of your Sovereign, the highest of them in your ranks, better for you than spending gold and silver(2), and better for you than meeting your enemy and striking their necks while they strike yours?" They said, "Certainly." He said, "The remembrance of Allah."(3) [ت، ق، مس، أ].

«مَا صَدَقَةٌ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ» [طس].

«mā ṣadaqatun ʾafḍalu min dhikri Allāhi» [طس].

"No charity is better than the remembrance of Allah." [طس].

«إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَائِكَةً يَطُوفُونَ فِي الطُّرُقِ، يَلْتَمِسُونَ أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ، فَإِذَا وَجَدُوا قَوْمًا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تَنَادَوْا: هَلُمُّوا إِلَى حَاجَتِكُمْ»، قَالَ: «فَيَحُفُّونَهُمْ بِأَجْنِحَتِهِمْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا ...» الْحَدِيثَ [خ، م، ت].

«ʾinna li-llāhi malāʾikatan yaṭūfūna fī al-ṭuruqi, yaltamisūna ʾahla al-dhikri, fa-ʾidhā wajadū qawman yadhkurūna Allāha ʿazza wa-jalla tanādaw: halummū ʾilā ḥājatikum», qāla: «fa-yaḥuffūnahum bi-ʾajniḥatihim ʾilā al-samāʾi al-dunyā...» al-ḥadītha [خ، م، ت].

"Allah has angels who roam the roads seeking people engaged in remembrance. When they find people remembering Allah, Mighty and Majestic, they call to one another, 'Come to what you have been seeking.'" He continued, "They surround them with their wings up to the lowest heaven..." to the end of the hadith [خ، م، ت].

«مَثَلُ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ رَبَّهُ وَالَّذِي لَا يَذْكُرُ رَبَّهُ مَثَلُ الْحَيِّ وَالْمَيِّتِ» [خ، م].

«mathalu alladhī yadhkuru rabbahu wa-alladhī lā yadhkuru rabbahu mathalu al-ḥayyi wa-l-mayyiti» [خ، م].

"The likeness of one who remembers his Lord and one who does not remember his Lord is that of the living and the dead." [خ، م].

«لَا يَقْعُدُ قَوْمٌ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلَّا حَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، وَغَشِيَتْهُمُ الرَّحْمَةُ،

«lā yaqʿudu qawmun yadhkurūna Allāha ʾillā ḥaffathumu al-malāʾikatu, wa-ghashiyathumu al-raḥmatu,

"Whenever people sit together remembering Allah, the angels surround them, mercy envelops them,

(١) تَمَامُهُ: فَإِنِ اقْتَرَبَ إِلَيَّ شِبْرًا اقْتَرَبْتُ مِنْهُ ذِرَاعًا، وَإِنِ اقْتَرَبَ إِلَيَّ ذِرَاعًا اقْتَرَبْتُ مِنْهُ بَاعًا، وَإِنْ أَتَانِي يَمْشِي أَتَيْتُهُ هَرْوَلَةً.

(1) tamāmuhu: fa-ʾini iqtaraba ʾilayya shibran iqtarabtu minhu dhirāʿan, wa-ʾini iqtaraba ʾilayya dhirāʿan iqtarabtu minhu bāʿan, wa-ʾin ʾatānī yamshī ʾataytuhu harwalatan.

(1) The remainder is: "If he draws a handspan nearer to Me, I draw an arm's length nearer to him; if he draws an arm's length nearer to Me, I draw a fathom nearer to him; and if he comes to Me walking, I come to him swiftly."

وَقَوْلُهُ: (ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي نَفْسِي) يَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُرِيدَ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا ذَكَرَهُ ذِكْرًا قَلْبِيًّا غَيْرَ شَفَاهِيٍّ أَثَابَهُ ثَوَابًا مُخْفِيًا عَنْ عِبَادِهِ، وَأَعْطَاهُ عَطَاءً لَا يَطَّلِعُ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُهُ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلُ ثَوَابَ هَذَا الذِّكْرِ الْإِسْرَارِيِّ ثَوَابًا مَسْتُورًا لَا يَطَّلِعُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ.

wa-qawluhu: (dhakartuhu fī nafsī) yaḥtamilu ʾan yurīda subḥānahu ʾanna al-ʿabda ʾidhā dhakarahu dhikran qalbiyyan ghayra shafāhiyyin ʾathābahu thawāban mukhfiyan ʿan ʿibādihi, wa-ʾaʿṭāhu ʿaṭāʾan lā yaṭṭaliʿu ʿalayhi ghayruhu, wa-yaḥtamilu ʾanna Allāha yajʿalu thawāba hādhā al-dhikri al-ʾisrāriyyi thawāban mastūran lā yaṭṭaliʿu ʿalayhi ʾaḥadun.

His words, "I remember him within Myself," may mean—Glorious is He—that when a servant remembers Him inwardly rather than aloud, He rewards him with a reward concealed from His servants and gives him a gift known to no one else. It may also mean that Allah makes the reward for this private remembrance a hidden reward known to no one.

(٢) الْوَرِقُ: هِيَ الدَّرَاهِمُ الْمَضْرُوبَةُ.

(2) al-wariqu: hiya al-darāhimu al-maḍrūbatu.

(2) Wariq means minted silver coins.

(٣) اسْتَشْكَلَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ تَفْضِيلَ الذِّكْرِ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ، مَعَ وُرُودِ الْأَدِلَّةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ الْأَعْمَالِ، قَالَ الشَّوْكَانِيُّ: وَقَدْ جَمَعَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ بِاعْتِبَارِ الْأَشْخَاصِ وَالْأَحْوَالِ.

(3) istashkala baʿḍu ʾahli al-ʿilmi tafḍīla al-dhikri ʿalā al-jihādi, maʿa wurūdi al-ʾadillati al-ṣaḥīḥati ʿalā ʾannahu ʾafḍalu al-ʾaʿmāli, qāla al-shawkāniyyu: wa-qad jamaʿa baʿḍu ʾahli al-ʿilmi biʾanna dhālika bi-iʿtibāri al-ʾashkhāṣi wa-l-ʾaḥwāli.

(3) Some scholars found it difficult to understand why remembrance is preferred over jihad when sound evidence states that jihad is the best of deeds. Al-Shawkani said that some scholars reconciled the two by explaining that the preference varies according to individuals and circumstances.

 

وَنَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّكِينَةُ(١)، وَذَكَرَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِيمَنْ عِنْدَهُ» [م، ت، ق].

wa-nazalat ʿalayhimu al-sakīnatu(1), wa-dhakarahumu Allāhu fīman ʿindahu» [م، ت، ق].

tranquility descends upon them(1), and Allah mentions them among those who are with Him." [م، ت، ق].

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ شَرَائِعَ الْإِسْلَامِ قَدْ كَثُرَتْ عَلَيَّ، فَأَنْبِئْنِي بِشَيْءٍ أَتَشَبَّثُ بِهِ. قَالَ: «لَا يَزَالُ لِسَانُكَ رَطْبًا مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ» [ت، ق، حب، مس، مص].

yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾinna sharāʾiʿa al-ʾislāmi qad kathurat ʿalayya, fa-ʾanbiʾnī bishayʾin ʾatashabbathu bihi. qāla: «lā yazālu lisānuka raṭban min dhikri Allāhi» [ت، ق، حب، مس، مص].

A man said, "O Messenger of Allah, the ordinances of Islam have become too numerous for me, so tell me of something I can hold fast to." He said, "Let your tongue remain moist with the remembrance of Allah." [ت، ق، حب، مس، مص].

آخِرُ كَلَامٍ فَارَقْتُ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ قُلْتُ: أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَمُوتَ وَلِسَانُكَ رَطْبٌ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ» [ر، ط].

ʾākhiru kalāmin fāraqtu ʿalayhi rasūla Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʾan qultu: ʾayyu al-ʾaʿmāli ʾaḥabbu ʾilā Allāhi? qāla: «ʾan tamūta wa-lisānuka raṭbun min dhikri Allāhi» [ر، ط].

The last conversation I had with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was when I asked, "Which deeds are dearest to Allah?" He said, "That you die while your tongue is moist with the remembrance of Allah." [ر، ط].

قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوْصِنِي، قَالَ: «عَلَيْكَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ، وَاذْكُرِ اللَّهَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ حَجَرٍ وَشَجَرٍ، وَمَا عَمِلْتَ مِنْ سُوءٍ فَأَحْدِثْ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ تَوْبَةً، السِّرَّ بِالسِّرِّ وَالْعَلَانِيَةَ بِالْعَلَانِيَةِ» [ط].

qultu: yā rasūla Allāhi ʾawṣinī, qāla: «ʿalayka bitaqwā Allāhi mā istaṭaʿta, wa-udhkuri Allāha ʿinda kulli ḥajarin wa-shajarin, wa-mā ʿamilta min sūʾin fa-ʾaḥdith li-llāhi fīhi tawbatan, al-sirra bi-l-sirri wa-l-ʿalāniyata bi-l-ʿalāniyati» [ط].

I said, "O Messenger of Allah, advise me." He said, "Be mindful of Allah as much as you are able, remember Allah at every stone and tree, and whenever you commit a wrong, renew your repentance to Allah for it: privately for a private wrong and publicly for a public one." [ط].

«مَا عَمِلَ آدَمِيٌّ عَمَلًا أَنْجَى لَهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ» [ط، أ، مص]. قَالُوا: وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَضْرِبَ بِسَيْفِهِ حَتَّى يَنْقَطِعَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [ط، مص، طس، صط].

«mā ʿamila ʾādamiyyun ʿamalan ʾanjā lahu min ʿadhābi Allāhi min dhikri Allāhi» [ط، أ، مص]. qālū: wa-lā al-jihādu fī sabīli Allāhi? qāla: «wa-lā al-jihādu fī sabīli Allāhi, ʾillā ʾan yaḍriba bisayfihi ḥattā yanqaṭiʿa thalātha marrātin» [ط، مص، طس، صط].

"No human being has ever performed a deed more likely to save him from Allah's punishment than the remembrance of Allah." [ط، أ، مص]. They asked, "Not even jihad in the path of Allah?" He said, "Not even jihad in the path of Allah, unless he strikes with his sword until it breaks three times." [ط، مص، طس، صط].

«لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا فِي حِجْرِهِ(٢) دَرَاهِمُ يَقْسِمُهَا، وَآخَرَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ، كَانَ الذَّاكِرُ لِلَّهِ أَفْضَلَ» [ط].

«law ʾanna rajulan fī ḥijrihi(2) darāhimu yaqsimuhā, wa-ʾākhara yadhkuru Allāha, kāna al-dhākiru li-llāhi ʾafḍala» [ط].

"If one man had silver coins in his lap(2) and were distributing them while another remembered Allah, the one remembering Allah would be better." [ط].

«إِذَا مَرَرْتُمْ بِرِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ فَارْتَعُوا»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَا رِيَاضُ الْجَنَّةِ؟ قَالَ: «حِلَقُ الذِّكْرِ»(٣) [ت].

«ʾidhā marartum biriyāḍi al-jannati fa-irtaʿū», qālū: yā rasūla Allāhi, wa-mā riyāḍu al-jannati? qāla: «ḥilaqu al-dhikri»(3) [ت].

"When you pass by the gardens of Paradise, graze there." They asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what are the gardens of Paradise?" He said, "Gatherings of remembrance."(3) [ت].

«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: سَيَعْلَمُ أَهْلُ الْجَمْعِ الْيَوْمَ مَنْ أَهْلُ الْكَرَمِ»، قِيلَ: مَنْ أَهْلُ الْكَرَمِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «أَهْلُ مَجَالِسِ الذِّكْرِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ» [حب، ط، ص].

«yaqūlu Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla: sayaʿlamu ʾahlu al-jamʿi al-yawma man ʾahlu al-karami», qīla: man ʾahlu al-karami yā rasūla Allāhi? qāla: «ʾahlu majālisi al-dhikri fī al-masājidi» [حب، ط، ص].

"Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'Today those assembled will come to know who the people of honor are.'" Someone asked, "Who are the people of honor, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Those who attend gatherings of remembrance in the mosques." [حب، ط، ص].

«مَا مِنْ آدَمِيٍّ إِلَّا لِقَلْبِهِ بَيْتَانِ: فِي أَحَدِهِمَا الْمَلَكُ، وَفِي الْآخَرِ الشَّيْطَانُ، فَإِذَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ خَنَسَ، وَإِذَا لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّهَ وَضَعَ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْقَارَهُ(٤) فِي قَلْبِهِ، وَوَسْوَسَ لَهُ» [مص].

«mā min ʾādamiyyin ʾillā liqalbihi baytāni: fī ʾaḥadihimā al-malaku, wa-fī al-ʾākhari al-shayṭānu, fa-ʾidhā dhakara Allāha khanasa, wa-ʾidhā lam yadhkuri Allāha waḍaʿa al-shayṭānu minqārahu(4) fī qalbihi, wa-waswasa lahu» [مص].

"Every human being has two chambers in his heart: in one is an angel and in the other is Satan. When he remembers Allah, Satan withdraws; when he does not remember Allah, Satan places his beak(4) in his heart and whispers to him." [مص].

(١) قَوْلُهُ حَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ: أَيْ أَحْدَقَتْ بِهِمْ وَاسْتَدَارَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَمَعْنَى غَشِيَتْهُمُ الرَّحْمَةُ: سَتَرَتْهُمْ، وَالسَّكِينَةُ هِيَ الطُّمَأْنِينَةُ وَالْوَقَارُ، وَقِيلَ الْمُرَادُ بِالسَّكِينَةِ الرَّحْمَةُ.

(1) qawluhu ḥaffathumu al-malāʾikatu: ʾay ʾaḥdaqat bihim wa-istadārat ʿalayhim, wa-maʿnā ghashiyathumu al-raḥmatu: satarathum, wa-l-sakīnatu hiya al-ṭumaʾnīnatu wa-l-waqāru, wa-qīla al-murādu bi-l-sakīnati al-raḥmatu.

(1) The words "the angels surround them" mean that the angels encircle them on every side. "Mercy envelops them" means that it covers them. Tranquility is serenity and dignity, though it is also said here to mean mercy.

(٢) الْحِجْرُ: قِيلَ هُوَ طَرَفُ الثَّوْبِ، وَقِيلَ هُوَ طَرَفُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَقَالَ فِي الْقَامُوسِ إِنَّهُ حِضْنُ الْإِنْسَانِ.

(2) al-ḥijru: qīla huwa ṭarafu al-thawbi, wa-qīla huwa ṭarafu kulli shayʾin, wa-qāla fī al-qāmūsi ʾinnahu ḥiḍnu al-ʾinsāni.

(2) Hijr is said to mean the edge of one's garment or the edge of anything. Al-Qamus states that it means a person's lap.

(٣) حِلَقُ الذِّكْرِ: الْمُرَادُ بِالْحَلْقَةِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَسْتَدِيرُونَ كَحَلْقَةِ الْبَابِ وَغَيْرِهِ.

(3) ḥilaqu al-dhikri: al-murādu bi-l-ḥalqati jamāʿatun mina al-nāsi yastadīrūna kaḥalqati al-bābi wa-ghayrihi.

(3) Gatherings of remembrance: a halqah is a group of people who sit in a circle like the ring of a door or similar object.

(٤) خَنَسَ: أَيْ تَأَخَّرَ وَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي قَدْ كَانَ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ قَلْبُ الْآدَمِيِّ. وَقَوْلُهُ: مِنْقَارُهُ: الْمُرَادُ بِهِ هُنَا فَمُهُ.

(4) khanasa: ʾay taʾakhkhara wa-kharaja mina al-makāni alladhī qad kāna fīhi, wa-huwa qalbu al-ʾādamiyyi. wa-qawluhu: minqāruhu: al-murādu bihi hunā fa-muhu.

(4) "Withdraws" means that he retreats and leaves the place where he had been, namely the human heart. His "beak" here means his mouth.

  

«مَنْ صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، ثُمَّ قَعَدَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، كَانَتْ لَهُ كَأَجْرِ حَجَّةٍ وَعُمْرَةٍ تَامَّةٍ تَامَّةٍ تَامَّةٍ» [ت].

«man ṣallā al-fajra fī jamāʿatin, thumma qaʿada yadhkuru Allāha ḥattā taṭluʿa al-shamsu, thumma ṣallā rakʿatayni, kānat lahu ka-ʾajri ḥajjatin wa-ʿumratin tāmmatin tāmmatin tāmmatin» [ت].

"Whoever performs the dawn prayer in congregation, then sits remembering Allah until the sun rises, and then prays two units, will have a reward like that of a complete Hajj and 'umrah—complete, complete, complete." [ت].

«... انْقَلَبَ بِأَجْرِ حَجَّةٍ وَعُمْرَةٍ» [ط].

«... inqalaba bi-ʾajri ḥajjatin wa-ʿumratin» [ط].

"... he returns with the reward of a Hajj and an 'umrah." [ط].

«ذَاكِرُ اللَّهِ فِي الْغَافِلِينَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الصَّابِرِ فِي الْفَارِّينَ»(١) [د، طس].

«dhākiru Allāhi fī al-ghāfilīna bimanzilati al-ṣābiri fī al-fārrīna»(1) [د، طس].

"One who remembers Allah among the heedless is like one who stands firm among those fleeing."(1) [د، طس].

«مَا مِنْ قَوْمٍ جَلَسُوا مَجْلِسًا، وَتَفَرَّقُوا مِنْهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِيهِ إِلَّا كَأَنَّمَا تَفَرَّقُوا عَنْ جِيفَةِ حِمَارٍ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسْرَةٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» [مس، د، ت، حب، أ، س].

«mā min qawmin jalasū majlisan, wa-tafarraqū minhu, wa-lam yadhkurū Allāha fīhi ʾillā kaʾannamā tafarraqū ʿan jīfati ḥimārin, wa-kāna ʿalayhim ḥasratun yawma al-qiyāmati» [مس، د، ت، حب، أ، س].

"Whenever people sit in a gathering, then disperse from it without having remembered Allah there, it is as though they have dispersed from the carcass of a donkey, and it will be a source of regret for them on the Day of Resurrection." [مس، د، ت، حب، أ، س].

«... وَمَا مَشَى أَحَدٌ مَمْشًى لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّهَ فِيهِ إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ تِرَةٌ(٢)، وَمَا أَوَى أَحَدٌ إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّهَ فِيهِ إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ تِرَةٌ» [س، أ، حب].

«... wa-mā mashā ʾaḥadun mamshan lam yadhkuri Allāha fīhi ʾillā kāna ʿalayhi tiratun(2), wa-mā ʾawā ʾaḥadun ʾilā firāshihi lam yadhkuri Allāha fīhi ʾillā kāna ʿalayhi tiratun» [س، أ، حب].

"... no one walks anywhere without remembering Allah there but that it will count as a deficiency(2) for him; and no one retires to his bed without remembering Allah there but that it will count as a deficiency for him." [س، أ، حب].

«إِنَّ الْجَبَلَ يُنَادِي الْجَبَلَ بِاسْمِهِ: أَيْ فُلَانُ، هَلْ مَرَّ بِكَ أَحَدٌ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ؟ فَإِذَا قَالَ: نَعَمْ، اسْتَبْشَرَ ...» الْحَدِيثَ [ط].

«ʾinna al-jabala yunādī al-jabala bi-ismihi: ʾay fulānu, hal marra bika ʾaḥadun dhakara Allāha? fa-ʾidhā qāla: naʿam, istabshara...» al-ḥadītha [ط].

"A mountain calls another mountain by name: 'O so-and-so, has anyone passed by you who remembered Allah?' If it says yes, the first mountain rejoices..." to the end of the hadith [ط].

«إِنَّ خِيَارَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُرَاعُونَ(٣) الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ وَالْأَظِلَّةَ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ» [مس].

«ʾinna khiyāra ʿibādi Allāhi alladhīna yurāʿūna(3) al-shamsa wa-l-qamara wa-l-nujūma wa-l-ʾaẓillata lidhikri Allāhi» [مس].

"The best of Allah's servants are those who observe the sun, the moon, the stars, and the shadows(3) for the remembrance of Allah." [مس].

«لَيْسَ يَتَحَسَّرُ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَّا عَلَى سَاعَةٍ مَرَّتْ بِهِمْ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى» [ط، ي].

«laysa yataḥassaru ʾahlu al-jannati ʾillā ʿalā sāʿatin marrat bihim wa-lam yadhkurū Allāha taʿālā» [ط، ي].

"The people of Paradise will regret nothing except an hour that passed them in which they did not remember Allah Most High." [ط، ي].

«أَكْثِرُوا ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ، حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: مَجْنُونٌ»(٤) [حب، أ، ص، ي].

«ʾakthirū dhikra Allāhi, ḥattā yaqūlū: majnūnun»(4) [حب، أ، ص، ي].

"Remember Allah abundantly until people say, 'He is mad.'"(4) [حب، أ، ص، ي].

كَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَنْ يُرَاعَى التَّكْبِيرُ وَالتَّقْدِيسُ وَالتَّهْلِيلُ، وَأَنْ يُعْقَدَ بِالْأَنَامِلِ، قَالَ: «لِأَنَّهُنَّ مَسْؤُولَاتٌ مُسْتَنْطَقَاتٌ» [د، ت].

kāna yaʾmuru ʾan yurāʿā al-takbīru wa-l-taqdīsu wa-l-tahlīlu, wa-ʾan yuʿqada bi-l-ʾanāmili, qāla: «liʾannahunna masʾūlātun mustanṭaqātun» [د، ت].

He used to instruct that declarations of Allah's greatness, holiness, and oneness be counted on the fingertips. He said, "For they will be questioned and made to speak." [د، ت].

«عَلَيْكُنَّ بِالتَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّقْدِيسِ وَالتَّهْلِيلِ، وَلَا تَغْفُلْنَ، فَتَنْسَيْنَ الرَّحْمَةَ» [مص].

«ʿalaykunna bi-l-tasbīḥi wa-l-taqdīsi wa-l-tahlīli, wa-lā taghfulna, fa-tansayna al-raḥmata» [مص].

"You women should glorify Allah, declare His holiness, and affirm His oneness. Do not be heedless and thus forget mercy." [مص].

رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَعْقِدُ التَّسْبِيحَ بِيَمِينِهِ [س].

raʾaytu al-nabiyya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yaʿqidu al-tasbīḥa biyamīnihi [س].

I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) count glorifications on his right hand. [س].

(١) أَيْ الذَّاكِرُ بَيْنَ جَمَاعَةٍ لَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ كَمَنْ يُجَاهِدُ الْكُفَّارَ بَعْدَ فِرَارِ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ.

(1) ʾay al-dhākiru bayna jamāʿatin lā yadhkurūna Allāha kaman yujāhidu al-kuffāra baʿda firāri ʾaṣḥābihi mina al-zaḥfi.

(1) That is, one who remembers Allah among people who do not remember Him is like one who fights the disbelievers after his companions have fled the battlefield.

(٢) أَيْ نَقْصٌ.

(2) ʾay naqṣun.

(2) That is, a deficiency or loss.

(٣) أَيْ يَرْصُدُونَ دُخُولَ الْأَوْقَاتِ بِهَذِهِ الْعَلَامَاتِ لِأَجْلِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى الَّذِي يَعْتَادُونَهُ فِي أَوْقَاتٍ مَخْصُوصَةٍ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ ارْتِقَابُ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ لِكَرَاهَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ مَثَلًا.

(3) ʾay yarṣudūna dukhūla al-ʾawqāti bi-hādhihi al-ʿalāmāti li-ʾajli dhikri Allāhi subḥānahu wa-taʿālā alladhī yaʿtādūnahu fī ʾawqātin makhṣūṣatin, wa-min dhālika irtiqābu ṭulūʿi al-shamsi likarāhati al-ṣalāti fī dhālika al-waqti mathalan.

(3) That is, they watch for the beginning of the appointed times by means of these signs so they can perform the remembrance of Allah, Glorious and Most High, that they customarily observe at particular times. An example is watching for sunrise because prayer is disliked at that time.

(٤) قِيلَ الْمُرَادُ هُنَا حَتَّى يَقُولَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ.

(4) qīla al-murādu hunā ḥattā yaqūla al-munāfiqūna.

(4) It is said that the meaning here is: until the hypocrites say so.

  

«لَأَنْ أَقْعُدَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَلَأَنْ أَقْعُدَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ أَرْبَعَةً» [د].

«li-ʾan ʾaqʿuda maʿa qawmin yadhkurūna Allāha min ṣalāti al-ghadāti ḥattā taṭluʿa al-shamsu ʾaḥabbu ʾilayya min ʾan ʾuʿtiqa ʾarbaʿatan min waladi ʾismāʿīla, wa-li-ʾan ʾaqʿuda maʿa qawmin yadhkurūna Allāha taʿālā min ṣalāti al-ʿaṣri ʾilā ʾan taghruba al-shamsu ʾaḥabbu ʾilayya min ʾan ʾuʿtiqa ʾarbaʿatan» [د].

"To sit with people remembering Allah from the dawn prayer until sunrise is dearer to me than freeing four descendants of Ishmael; and to sit with people remembering Allah Most High from the afternoon prayer until sunset is dearer to me than freeing four." [د].

«سَبَقَ الْمُفَرِّدُونَ»، قَالُوا: وَمَا الْمُفَرِّدُونَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ [م، ت]، قَالَ: «الذَّاكِرُونَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَالذَّاكِرَاتُ» [م].

«sabaqa al-mufarridūna», qālū: wa-mā al-mufarridūna yā rasūla Allāhi? [م، ت], qāla: «al-dhākirūna Allāha kathīran wa-l-dhākirātu» [م].

"The solitary devotees have gone ahead." They asked, "Who are the solitary devotees, O Messenger of Allah?" [م، ت]. He said, "The men and women who remember Allah abundantly." [م].

قَالَ: «الْمُسْتَهْتَرُونَ فِي ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، يَضَعُ الذِّكْرُ عَنْهُمْ أَثْقَالَهُمْ، فَيَأْتُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خِفَافًا» [ت].

qāla: «al-mustahtarūna fī dhikri Allāhi, yaḍaʿu al-dhikru ʿanhum ʾathqālahum, fa-yaʾtūna yawma al-qiyāmati khifāfan» [ت].

He said, "Those passionately absorbed in the remembrance of Allah. Remembrance removes their burdens from them, so they will come lightly burdened on the Day of Resurrection." [ت].

«إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ يَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ، أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِهَا، وَيَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهَا»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ:

«ʾinna Allāha ʾamara yaḥyā bna zakariyyā bikhamsi kalimātin, ʾan yaʿmala bihā, wa-yaʾmura banī ʾisrāʾīla ʾan yaʿmalū bihā», wa-dhakara al-ḥadītha ʾilā ʾan qāla:

"Allah commanded Yahya ibn Zakariyya to observe five commands and to order the Children of Israel to observe them." He related the hadith until he said:

«وَآمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ، فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذَلِكَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ الْعَدُوُّ فِي أَثَرِهِ سِرَاعًا، حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى عَلَى حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ، فَأَحْرَزَ نَفْسَهُ مِنْهُمْ، كَذَلِكَ الْعَبْدُ لَا يُحْرِزُ نَفْسَهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ إِلَّا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى» [ت، حب، مس].

«wa-ʾāmurukum ʾan tadhkurū Allāha, fa-ʾinna mathala dhālika kamathali rajulin kharaja al-ʿaduwwu fī ʾatharihi sirāʿan, ḥattā ʾidhā ʾatā ʿalā ḥiṣnin ḥaṣīnin, fa-ʾaḥraza nafsahu minhum, ka-dhālika al-ʿabdu lā yuḥrizu nafsahu mina al-shayṭāni ʾillā bidhikri Allāhi taʿālā» [ت، حب، مس].

"I command you to remember Allah. The likeness of this is a man whose enemy set out swiftly in pursuit of him until he reached a fortified stronghold and secured himself from them. In the same way, a servant can protect himself from Satan only through the remembrance of Allah Most High." [ت، حب، مس].

«لَيَذْكُرَنَّ اللَّهَ قَوْمٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْفُرُشِ الْمُمَهَّدَةِ يُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّاتِ الْعُلَى» [ص].

«layadhkuranna Allāha qawmun fī al-dunyā ʿalā al-furushi al-mumahhadati yudkhiluhumu al-jannāti al-ʿulā» [ص].

"There will indeed be people who remember Allah in this world while reclining on comfortable couches, and He will admit them into the highest gardens of Paradise." [ص].

«إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لَا تَزَالُ أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ رَطْبَةً مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَهُمْ يَضْحَكُونَ» [مو، مص].

«ʾinna alladhīna lā tazālu ʾalsinatuhum raṭbatan min dhikri Allāhi yadkhulūna al-jannata wa-hum yaḍḥakūna» [مو، مص].

"Those whose tongues remain moist with the remembrance of Allah will enter Paradise laughing." [مو، مص].

  

آدَابُ الدُّعَاءِ

ʾādābu al-duʿāʾi

Etiquettes of Supplication

مِنْهَا مَا يَبْلُغُ أَنْ يَكُونَ رُكْنًا، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ شَرْطًا، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَأْمُورَاتٍ وَمَنْهِيَّاتٍ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَهِيَ:

minhā mā yablughu ʾan yakūna ruknan, wa-ʾan yakūna sharṭan, wa-ʾan yakūna ghayra dhālika min maʾmūrātin wa-manhiyyātin wa-ghayrihā, wa-hiya:

Some of these may amount to a pillar, a condition, or something else among commands, prohibitions, and other matters. They are:

- تَجَنُّبُ الْحَرَامِ فِي الْمَأْكَلِ وَالْمَشْرَبِ وَالْمَلْبَسِ وَالْمَكْسَبِ [م، ت].

- tajannubu al-ḥarāmi fī al-maʾkali wa-l-mashrabi wa-l-malbasi wa-l-maksabi [م، ت].

- Avoiding what is unlawful in food, drink, clothing, and earnings [م، ت].

- وَالْإِخْلَاصُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى [مص].

- wa-l-ʾikhlāṣu li-llāhi taʿālā [مص].

- Sincerity toward Allah Most High [مص].

- وَتَقْدِيمُ عَمَلٍ صَالِحٍ، وَذِكْرُهُ عِنْدَ الشِّدَّةِ [م، ت، د].

- wa-taqdīmu ʿamalin ṣāliḥin, wa-dhikruhu ʿinda al-shiddati [م، ت، د].

- Performing a righteous deed beforehand and mentioning it in times of hardship [م، ت، د].

- وَالتَّنَظُّفُ وَالتَّطَهُّرُ [عه، حب].

- wa-l-tanaẓẓufu wa-l-taṭahhuru [عه، حب].

- Cleanliness and purification [عه، حب].

- وَالْوُضُوءُ [ع].

- wa-l-wuḍūʾu [ع].

- Ablution [ع].

- وَاسْتِقْبَالُ الْقِبْلَةِ [ع].

- wa-istiqbālu al-qiblati [ع].

- Facing the qiblah [ع].

- وَالصَّلَاةُ [عه، حب، مس].

- wa-l-ṣalātu [عه، حب، مس].

- Performing prayer [عه، حب، مس].

- وَالْجُثُوُّ عَلَى الرُّكَبِ [عو].

- wa-l-juthuwwu ʿalā al-rukabi [عو].

- Kneeling [عو].

- وَالثَّنَاءُ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى أَوَّلًا وَآخِرًا [ع].

- wa-l-thanāʾu ʿalā Allāhi taʿālā ʾawwalan wa-ʾākhiran [ع].

- Praising Allah Most High at the beginning and the end [ع].

- وَالصَّلَاةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَذَلِكَ [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

- wa-l-ṣalātu ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ka-dhālika [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

- Likewise, invoking blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at the beginning and the end [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

- وَبَسْطُ الْيَدَيْنِ [د، مس].

- wa-basṭu al-yadayni [د، مس].

- Extending the hands [د، مس].

- وَرَفْعُهُمَا [ع].

- wa-rafʿuhumā [ع].

- Raising them [ع].

- وَأَنْ يَكُونَ رَفْعُهُمَا حَذْوَ الْمَنْكِبَيْنِ [د، أ، مس].

- wa-ʾan yakūna rafʿuhumā ḥadhwa al-mankibayni [د، أ، مس].

- Raising them to shoulder level [د، أ، مس].

- وَكَشْفُهُمَا [مو].

- wa-kashfuhumā [مو].

- Leaving them uncovered [مو].

- وَالتَّأَدُّبُ [م، د، ت، س].

- wa-l-taʾaddubu [م، د، ت، س].

- Observing proper manners [م، د، ت، س].

- وَالْخُشُوعُ [مو، مص].

- wa-l-khushūʿu [مو، مص].

- Humility and reverence [مو، مص].

- وَالتَّمَسْكُنُ مَعَ الْخُضُوعِ [ت].

- wa-l-tamaskunu maʿa al-khuḍūʿi [ت].

- Showing neediness together with submission [ت].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَرْفَعَ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ [م، س].

- wa-ʾan lā yarfaʿa baṣarahu ʾilā al-samāʾi [م، س].

- Not raising one's gaze toward the sky [م، س].

- وَأَنْ يَسْأَلَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بِأَسْمَائِهِ الْحُسْنَى، وَصِفَاتِهِ الْعُلَى [حب، س].

- wa-ʾan yasʾala Allāha taʿālā bi-ʾasmāʾihi al-ḥusnā, wa-ṣifātihi al-ʿulā [حب، س].

- Asking Allah Most High by His Most Beautiful Names and His highest attributes [حب، س].

  

- وَأَنْ يَجْتَنِبَ السَّجْعَ وَتَكَلُّفَهُ [خ].

- wa-ʾan yajtaniba al-sajʿa wa-takallufahu [خ].

- Avoiding rhymed prose and the deliberate effort to produce it [خ].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّفَ التَّغَنِّيَ بِالْأَنْغَامِ [مو].

- wa-ʾan lā yatakallafa al-taghanniya bi-l-ʾanghāmi [مو].

- Not affecting songlike melodic tones [مو].

- وَأَنْ يَتَوَسَّلَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِأَنْبِيَائِهِ [خ، د، س]، وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ [خ].

- wa-ʾan yatawassala ʾilā Allāhi taʿālā bi-ʾanbiyāʾihi [خ، د، س], wa-l-ṣāliḥīna min ʿibādihi [خ].

- Seeking nearness to Allah Most High through His prophets [خ، د، س] and through the righteous among His servants [خ].

- وَخَفْضُ الصَّوْتِ [ع].

- wa-khafḍu al-ṣawti [ع].

- Lowering the voice [ع].

- وَالِاعْتِرَافُ بِالذَّنْبِ [ع].

- wa-l-iʿtirāfu bi-l-dhanbi [ع].

- Acknowledging one's sin [ع].

- وَاخْتِيَارُ الْأَدْعِيَةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ حَاجَةً إِلَى غَيْرِهِ [د، س].

- wa-ikhtiyāru al-ʾadʿiyati al-ṣaḥīḥati ʿani al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, fa-ʾinnahu lam yatruk ḥājatan ʾilā ghayrihi [د، س].

- Choosing authentic supplications reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), since such supplications leave no need to seek them from other sources [د، س].

- وَتَخَيُّرُ الْجَوَامِعِ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ [د].

- wa-takhayyuru al-jawāmiʿi mina al-duʿāʾi [د].

- Choosing comprehensive supplications [د].

- وَأَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَأَنْ يَدْعُوَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ، وَإِخْوَانِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [م].

- wa-ʾan yabdaʾa binafsihi, wa-ʾan yadʿuwa liwālidayhi, wa-ʾikhwānihi al-muʾminīna [م].

- Beginning with oneself and supplicating for one's parents and fellow believers [م].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَخُصَّ نَفْسَهُ بِالدُّعَاءِ إِنْ كَانَ إِمَامًا [د، ت، ق].

- wa-ʾan lā yakhuṣṣa nafsahu bi-l-duʿāʾi ʾin kāna ʾimāman [د، ت، ق].

- If one is leading others, not singling oneself out in the supplication [د، ت، ق].

- وَأَنْ يَسْأَلَ بِعَزْمٍ [ع].

- wa-ʾan yasʾala biʿazmin [ع].

- Asking with resolve [ع].

- وَأَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِرَغْبَةٍ [حب، عو].

- wa-ʾan yadʿuwa biraghbatin [حب، عو].

- Supplicating with earnest longing [حب، عو].

- وَأَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ بِجِدٍّ وَاجْتِهَادٍ، وَأَنْ يُحْضِرَ قَلْبَهُ، وَيُحْسِنَ رَجَاءَهُ [مس].

- wa-ʾan yukhrijahu min qalbihi bijiddin wa-ijtihādin, wa-ʾan yuḥḍira qalbahu, wa-yuḥsina rajāʾahu [مس].

- Bringing the supplication forth from one's heart with seriousness and effort, keeping the heart attentive, and maintaining good hope [مس].

- وَأَنْ يُكَرِّرَ الدُّعَاءَ [خ، م]، وَالتَّثْلِيثُ.

- wa-ʾan yukarrira al-duʿāʾa [خ، م], wa-l-tathlīthu.

- Repeating the supplication [خ، م], preferably three times.

- وَأَنْ يُلِحَّ فِيهِ [س، مس، عو].

- wa-ʾan yuliḥḥa fīhi [س، مس، عو].

- Persisting in it [س، مس، عو].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَدْعُوَ بِإِثْمٍ وَلَا قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ [م، ت].

- wa-ʾan lā yadʿuwa bi-ʾithmin wa-lā qaṭīʿati raḥimin [م، ت].

- Not supplicating for anything sinful or for severing family ties [م، ت].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَدْعُوَ بِأَمْرٍ قَدْ فُرِغَ مِنْهُ [م، س].

- wa-ʾan lā yadʿuwa bi-ʾamrin qad furigha minhu [م، س].

- Not supplicating regarding a matter that has already been settled [م، س].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَعْتَدِيَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ بِأَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِمُسْتَحِيلٍ أَوْ مَا فِي مَعْنَاهُ [خ].

- wa-ʾan lā yaʿtadiya fī al-duʿāʾi bi-ʾan yadʿuwa bimustaḥīlin ʾaw mā fī maʿnāhu [خ].

- Not transgressing in supplication by asking for the impossible or anything of that nature [خ].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَتَحَجَّرَ(١) [خ، د، س، ق].

- wa-ʾan lā yataḥajjara(1) [خ، د، س، ق].

- Not restricting Allah's mercy(1) [خ، د، س، ق].

- وَأَنْ يَسْأَلَ حَاجَاتِهِ كُلَّهَا [ت، حب].

- wa-ʾan yasʾala ḥājātihi kullahā [ت، حب].

- Asking for all one's needs [ت، حب].

- وَتَأْمِينُ الدَّاعِي وَالْمُسْتَمِعِ [خ، م، د، س].

- wa-taʾmīnu al-dāʿī wa-l-mustamiʿi [خ، م، د، س].

- Both the supplicant and the listener saying "Amen" [خ، م، د، س].

- وَمَسْحُ وَجْهِهِ بِيَدَيْهِ بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِ [د، ت، حب، ق، مس].

- wa-masḥu wajhihi biyadayhi baʿda fa-rāghihi [د، ت، حب، ق، مس].

- Wiping one's face with both hands after finishing [د، ت، حب، ق، مس].

- وَأَنْ لَا يَسْتَعْجِلَ بِأَنْ يَسْتَبْطِئَ الْإِجَابَةَ، أَوْ يَقُولَ دَعَوْتُ فَلَمْ يُسْتَجَبْ لِي [خ، م، د، س، ق].

- wa-ʾan lā yastaʿjila bi-ʾan yastabṭiʾa al-ʾijābata, ʾaw yaqūla daʿawtu fa-lam yustajab lī [خ، م، د، س، ق].

- Not being impatient by thinking the response is slow or saying, "I supplicated, but I was not answered" [خ، م، د، س، ق].

(١) لَمَّا سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْنِي وَمُحَمَّدًا وَلَا تَرْحَمْ مَعَنَا أَحَدًا، قَالَ لَهُ: «لَقَدْ تَحَجَّرْتَ وَاسِعًا» أَيْ لَا يَخُصُّ نَفْسَهُ بِالدُّعَاءِ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ.

(1) lammā samiʿa al-nabiyyu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam al-ʾaʿrābiyya yaqūlu: Allāhumma irḥamnī wa-muḥammadan wa-lā tarḥam maʿanā ʾaḥadan, qāla lahu: «laqad taḥajjarta wāsiʿan» ʾay lā yakhuṣṣu nafsahu bi-l-duʿāʾi dūna ghayrihi.

(1) When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) heard a Bedouin say, "O Allah, have mercy on me and Muhammad, and have mercy on no one else along with us," he told him, "You have restricted something vast." That is, one should not single oneself out in supplication to the exclusion of others.

   

آدَابُ الذِّكْرِ

ʾādābu al-dhikri

Etiquettes of Remembrance

قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي يُذْكَرُ فِيهِ نَظِيفًا خَالِيًا.

qāla al-ʿulamāʾu: yanbaghī ʾan yakūna al-mawḍiʿu alladhī yudhkaru fīhi naẓīfan khāliyan.

The scholars said that the place in which Allah is remembered should be clean and free of distractions.

وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الذَّاكِرُ عَلَى أَكْمَلِ الصِّفَاتِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ.

wa-ʾan yakūna al-dhākiru ʿalā ʾakmali al-ṣifāti al-mutaqaddimati.

The person engaged in remembrance should embody the preceding qualities as fully as possible.

وَأَنْ يَكُونَ فَمُهُ نَظِيفًا.

wa-ʾan yakūna fa-muhu naẓīfan.

His mouth should be clean.

وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ تَغَيُّرٌ أَزَالَهُ بِالسِّوَاكِ.

wa-ʾin kāna fīhi taghayyurun ʾazālahu bi-l-siwāki.

If it has an unpleasant odor, he should remove it with a tooth-stick.

وَإِنْ كَانَ جَالِسًا فِي مَوْضِعٍ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ مُتَخَشِّعًا، مُتَذَلِّلًا، بِسَكِينَةٍ، وَوَقَارٍ، وَحُضُورِ قَلْبٍ.

wa-ʾin kāna jālisan fī mawḍiʿin istaqbala al-qiblata mutakhashshiʿan, mutadhallilan, bisakīnatin, wa-waqārin, wa-ḥuḍūri qalbin.

If seated in a place, he should face the qiblah in reverence and humility, with tranquility, dignity, and an attentive heart.

يَتَدَبَّرُ مَا يَذْكُرُ، وَيَتَعَقَّلُ مَعْنَاهُ، فَإِنْ جَهِلَ شَيْئًا تَبَيَّنَ مَعْنَاهُ، وَلَا يَحْرِصُ عَلَى تَحْصِيلِ الْكَثْرَةِ بِالْعَجَلَةِ؛ فَلِذَلِكَ اسْتَحَبُّوا أَنْ يَمُدَّ صَوْتَهُ بِقَوْلِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ.

yatadabbaru mā yadhkuru, wa-yataʿaqqalu maʿnāhu, fa-ʾin jahila shayʾan tabayyana maʿnāhu, wa-lā yaḥriṣu ʿalā taḥṣīli al-kathrati bi-l-ʿajalati; fa-li-dhālika istaḥabbū ʾan yamudda ṣawtahu biqawli: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu.

He should reflect upon the words of remembrance and understand their meaning. If he does not understand something, he should learn its meaning. He should not rush in pursuit of a greater quantity; for this reason, they recommended prolonging the voice when saying, "There is no deity but Allah."

وَكُلُّ ذِكْرٍ مَشْرُوعٍ - وَاجِبًا كَانَ أَوْ مُسْتَحَبًّا - لَا يُعْتَدُّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَتَلَفَّظَ بِهِ، وَيَسْمَعَ نَفْسَهُ(١).

wa-kullu dhikrin mashrūʿin - wājiban kāna ʾaw mustaḥabban - lā yuʿtaddu bishayʾin minhu ḥattā yatalaffaẓa bihi, wa-yasmaʿa nafsahu(1).

No prescribed remembrance—whether obligatory or recommended—counts until a person pronounces it and can hear himself(1).

وَأَفْضَلُ الذِّكْرِ الْقُرْآنُ، إِلَّا فِيمَا شُرِعَ بِغَيْرِهِ.

wa-ʾafḍalu al-dhikri al-qurʾānu, ʾillā fīmā shuriʿa bighayrihi.

The best remembrance is the Qur'an, except in contexts for which another form has been prescribed.

وَلَيْسَ فَضْلُ الذِّكْرِ مُنْحَصِرًا فِي التَّهْلِيلِ وَالتَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ، بَلْ كُلُّ مُطِيعٍ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي عَمَلٍ فَهُوَ ذَاكِرٌ.

wa-laysa faḍlu al-dhikri munḥaṣiran fī al-tahlīli wa-l-tasbīḥi wa-l-takbīri, bal kullu muṭīʿin li-llāhi taʿālā fī ʿamalin fa-huwa dhākirun.

The merit of remembrance is not limited to declaring Allah's oneness, glorifying Him, and magnifying Him. Rather, anyone obeying Allah Most High through any deed is engaged in remembrance.

قَالُوا: وَإِذَا وَاظَبَ الْعَبْدُ عَلَى الْأَذْكَارِ الْمَأْثُورَةِ عَنْهُ ﷺ صَبَاحًا وَمَسَاءً، وَفِي الْأَحْوَالِ وَالْأَوْقَاتِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ، لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا، كَانَ مِنَ الذَّاكِرِينَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى كَثِيرًا وَالذَّاكِرَاتِ.

qālū: wa-ʾidhā wāẓaba al-ʿabdu ʿalā al-ʾadhkāri al-maʾthūrati ʿanhu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ṣabāḥan wa-masāʾan, wa-fī al-ʾaḥwāli wa-l-ʾawqāti al-mukhtalifati, laylan wa-nahāran, kāna mina al-dhākirīna Allāha taʿālā kathīran wa-l-dhākirāti.

They said that when a servant regularly observes the remembrances transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), morning and evening and in the various circumstances and times of night and day, he is counted among the men and women who remember Allah Most High abundantly.

وَيَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ وِرْدٌ فِي وَقْتٍ مِنْ لَيْلٍ، أَوْ نَهَارٍ، أَوْ عَقِيبَ صَلَاةٍ، أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَفَاتَهُ، أَنْ يَتَدَارَكَهُ وَيَأْتِيَ بِهِ إِذَا أَمْكَنَهُ، وَلَا يُهْمِلَهُ؛ لِيَعْتَادَ الْمُلَازَمَةَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَتَسَاهَلَ فِي قَضَائِهِ.

wa-yanbaghī liman kāna lahu wirdun fī waqtin min laylin, ʾaw nahārin, ʾaw ʿaqība ṣalātin, ʾaw ghayri dhālika, fa-fātahu, ʾan yatadārakahu wa-yaʾtiya bihi ʾidhā ʾamkanahu, wa-lā yuhmilahu; liyaʿtāda al-mulāzamata ʿalayhi, wa-lā yatasāhala fī qaḍāʾihi.

Anyone who has a regular litany at some time of the night or day, after a prayer, or at another time and misses it should make it up and perform it when able. He should not neglect it, so that he grows accustomed to maintaining it and does not become careless about making it up.

(١) تَقَدَّمَ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ: «فَإِنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي نَفْسِهِ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي نَفْسِي» فَاشْتِرَاطُ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ نَفْسَهُ لَمْ يَرِدْ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ لِأَنَّهُ يَصْدُقُ الْقَوْلُ بِمُجَرَّدِ التَّلَفُّظِ وَهُوَ تَحْرِيكُ اللِّسَانِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ نَفْسَهُ.

(1) taqaddama al-ḥadīthu alladhī fī al-ṣaḥīḥayni: «fa-ʾin dhakaranī fī nafsihi dhakartuhu fī nafsī» fa-ishtirāṭu ʾan yasmaʿa nafsahu lam yarid mā yadullu ʿalayhi liʾannahu yaṣduqu al-qawlu bimujarradi al-talaffuẓi wa-huwa taḥrīku al-lisāni wa-ʾin lam yasmaʿ nafsahu.

(1) The hadith cited earlier from the two Sahih collections states, "If he remembers Me within himself, I remember him within Myself." There is no reported evidence for the condition that one must hear oneself, since speech is realized simply by articulating the words—that is, moving the tongue—even if one does not hear oneself.

 

أَوْقَاتُ الْإِجَابَةِ

ʾawqātu al-ʾijābati

Times When Supplications Are Answered

- لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ [ت، س، ق، مس].

- laylatu al-qadri [ت، س، ق، مس].

- The Night of Decree [ت، س، ق، مس].

- وَيَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ [ت].

- wa-yawmu ʿarafata [ت].

- The Day of 'Arafah [ت].

- وَشَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ [ر].

- wa-shahru ramaḍāna [ر].

- The month of Ramadan [ر].

- وَلَيْلَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ [ت، مس].

- wa-laylatu al-jumuʿati [ت، مس].

- The night preceding Friday [ت، مس].

- وَيَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ [د، س، ق، حب، مس].

- wa-yawmu al-jumuʿati [د، س، ق، حب، مس].

- Friday [د، س، ق، حب، مس].

- وَنِصْفُ اللَّيْلِ [ط] الثَّانِي [أ، ص].

- wa-niṣfu al-layli [ط] al-thānī [أ، ص].

- Half of the night [ط]; in [أ، ص], the second half.

- وَثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ الْأَوَّلُ [أ، ص].

- wa-thuluthu al-layli al-ʾawwalu [أ، ص].

- The first third of the night [أ، ص].

- وَثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ الْآخِرُ [أ].

- wa-thuluthu al-layli al-ʾākhiru [أ].

- The last third of the night [أ].

- وَجَوْفُهُ [د، ت، س، مس، ط، ر].

- wa-jawfuhu [د، ت، س، مس، ط، ر].

- The depths of the night [د، ت، س، مس، ط، ر].

- وَوَقْتُ السَّحَرِ [ع].

- wa-waqtu al-saḥari [ع].

- The time just before dawn [ع].

- وَسَاعَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ أَرْجَى ذَلِكَ، وَوَقْتُهَا:

- wa-sāʿatu al-jumuʿati ʾarjā dhālika, wa-waqtuhā:

- The hour on Friday is the most hopeful of these times. It has been said to be:

- مَا بَيْنَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ الْإِمَامُ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ إِلَى أَنْ تُقْضَى الصَّلَاةُ [م، د].

- mā bayna ʾan yajlisa al-ʾimāmu fī al-khuṭbati ʾilā ʾan tuqḍā al-ṣalātu [م، د].

- From the time the imam sits for the sermon until the prayer is completed [م، د].

- وَمِنْ حِينِ تُقَامُ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَى السَّلَامِ مِنْهَا [ت، ق].

- wa-min ḥīni tuqāmu al-ṣalātu ʾilā al-salāmi minhā [ت، ق].

- From the commencement of the prayer until its concluding salutation [ت، ق].

- وَالدَّاعِي قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي [خ، م، س، ق].

- wa-l-dāʿī qāʾimun yuṣallī [خ، م، س، ق].

- While the supplicant is standing in prayer [خ، م، س، ق].

- وَقِيلَ: بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ [مو، ت].

- wa-qīla: baʿda al-ʿaṣri ʾilā ghurūbi al-shamsi [مو، ت].

- It is said to be after the afternoon prayer until sunset [مو، ت].

- وَقِيلَ: آخِرُ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ [مو، ط، د، ت، س، مس].

- wa-qīla: ʾākhiru sāʿatin min yawmi al-jumuʿati [مو، ط، د، ت، س، مس].

- It is said to be the final hour of Friday [مو، ط، د، ت، س، مس].

- وَقِيلَ: بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ.

- wa-qīla: baʿda ṭulūʿi al-fajri qabla ṭulūʿi al-shamsi.

- It is said to be after daybreak but before sunrise.

- وَقِيلَ: بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ.

- wa-qīla: baʿda ṭulūʿi al-shamsi.

- It is said to be after sunrise.

  

- وَذَهَبَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَنَّهَا بَعْدَ زَيْغِ الشَّمْسِ بِيَسِيرٍ إِلَى ذِرَاعٍ.

- wa-dhahaba ʾabū dharrin al-ghifāriyyu raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu ʾilā ʾannahā baʿda zayghi al-shamsi biyasīrin ʾilā dhirāʿin.

- Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, may Allah be pleased with him, held that it begins shortly after the sun passes its zenith and lasts until it has declined by a forearm's length.

- قُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي أَعْتَقِدُهُ أَنَّهَا وَقْتُ قِرَاءَةِ الْإِمَامِ الْفَاتِحَةَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى أَنْ يَقُولَ: (آمِينَ)، جَمْعًا بَيْنَ الْأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي صَحَّتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَمَا بَيَّنْتُهُ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ.

- qultu: wa-alladhī ʾaʿtaqiduhu ʾannahā waqtu qirāʾati al-ʾimāmi al-fātiḥata fī ṣalāti al-jumuʿati ʾilā ʾan yaqūla: (ʾāmīna), jamʿan bayna al-ʾaḥādīthi allatī ṣaḥḥat ʿani al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam kamā bayyantuhu fī ghayri hādhā al-mawḍiʿi.

- I say: What I believe is that it is the period during which the imam recites al-Fatihah in the Friday prayer, until he says "Amen." This reconciles the hadiths authentically reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), as I have explained elsewhere.

- وَقَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: وَالصَّحِيحُ، بَلِ الصَّوَابُ الَّذِي لَا يَجُوزُ غَيْرُهُ مَا ثَبَتَ فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ.

- wa-qāla al-nawawiyyu raḥimahu Allāhu: wa-l-ṣaḥīḥu, bali al-ṣawābu alladhī lā yajūzu ghayruhu mā thabata fī ṣaḥīḥi muslimin min ḥadīthi ʾabī mūsā al-ʾashʿariyyi raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu.

- Al-Nawawi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The correct view—indeed, the only sound view that may properly be held—is what is established in Sahih Muslim in the hadith of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him.

  

أَحْوَالُ الْإِجَابَةِ

ʾaḥwālu al-ʾijābati

Circumstances in Which Supplications Are Answered

- عِنْدَ النِّدَاءِ بِالصَّلَاةِ [د، مس].

- ʿinda al-nidāʾi bi-l-ṣalāti [د، مس].

- When the call to prayer is made [د، مس].

- وَبَيْنَ الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ [د، ت، س، حب].

- wa-bayna al-ʾadhāni wa-l-ʾiqāmati [د، ت، س، حب].

- Between the call to prayer and the commencement of prayer [د، ت، س، حب].

- وَبَعْدَ الْحَيْعَلَتَيْنِ(١) لِمَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ كَرْبٌ أَوْ شِدَّةٌ [مص].

- wa-baʿda al-ḥayʿalatayni(1) liman nazala bihi karbun ʾaw shiddatun [مص].

- After the two calls of "Come to prayer" and "Come to success"(1), for someone afflicted by distress or hardship [مص].

- وَعِنْدَ الصَّفِّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ [حب، ط، مو، طا].

- wa-ʿinda al-ṣaffi fī sabīli Allāhi [حب، ط، مو، طا].

- While standing in the battle line in the path of Allah [حب، ط، مو، طا].

- وَعِنْدَ الْتِحَامِ الْحَرْبِ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا [د].

- wa-ʿinda iltiḥāmi al-ḥarbi baʿḍuhum baʿḍan [د].

- When the two sides of a battle clash [د].

- وَدُبُرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْمَكْتُوبَاتِ [ت، س].

- wa-duburi al-ṣalawāti al-maktūbāti [ت، س].

- After the prescribed prayers [ت، س].

- وَفِي السُّجُودِ [م، د، س].

- wa-fī al-sujūdi [م، د، س].

- While prostrating [م، د، س].

- وَعَقِيبَ تِلَاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ [ت]، وَلَا سِيَّمَا الْخَتْمُ [ط، مو، مص]، خُصُوصًا مِنَ الْقَارِئِ [ت، ط].

- wa-ʿaqība tilāwati al-qurʾāni [ت], wa-lā siyyamā al-khatmu [ط، مو، مص], khuṣūṣan mina al-qāriʾi [ت، ط].

- After reciting the Qur'an [ت], especially upon completing it [ط، مو، مص], and particularly from the reciter himself [ت، ط].

- وَعِنْدَ شُرْبِ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ [مس].

- wa-ʿinda shurbi māʾi zamzama [مس].

- When drinking Zamzam water [مس].

- وَالْحُضُورُ عِنْدَ الْمَيِّتِ [م، عه].

- wa-l-ḥuḍūru ʿinda al-mayyiti [م، عه].

- While in the presence of a dying person [م، عه].

- وَصِيَاحُ الدِّيَكَةِ [خ، م، ت، س].

- wa-ṣiyāḥu al-diyakati [خ، م، ت، س].

- When roosters crow [خ، م، ت، س].

- وَاجْتِمَاعُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ [ع].

- wa-ijtimāʿu al-muslimīna [ع].

- When Muslims gather [ع].

- وَفِي مَجَالِسِ الذِّكْرِ [خ، م، ت].

- wa-fī majālisi al-dhikri [خ، م، ت].

- In gatherings of remembrance [خ، م، ت].

- وَعِنْدَ قَوْلِ الْإِمَامِ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الْفَاتِحَةِ: ٧] [م، د، س، ق].

- wa-ʿinda qawli al-ʾimāmi: ﴿wa-lā al-ḍāllīna﴾ [al-fātiḥati: 7] [م، د، س، ق].

- When the imam says, "nor those who have gone astray" [الْفَاتِحَةِ: ٧] [م، د، س، ق].

- وَعِنْدَ تَغْمِيضِ الْمَيِّتِ [م، د، س، ق].

- wa-ʿinda taghmīḍi al-mayyiti [م، د، س، ق].

- When closing the eyes of the deceased [م، د، س، ق].

- وَعِنْدَ إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ [ط، مر].

- wa-ʿinda ʾiqāmati al-ṣalāti [ط، مر].

- When the call to commence the prayer is made [ط، مر].

(١) الْحَيْعَلَتَيْنِ: أَيْ بَعْدَ قَوْلِ الْمُؤَذِّنِ: حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ.

(1) al-ḥayʿalatayni: ʾay baʿda qawli al-muʾadhdhini: ḥayya ʿalā al-ṣalāti, ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥi.

(1) The two hay'alahs are the caller's words, "Come to prayer; come to success."

 

- وَعِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْغَيْثِ [ط، مر].

- wa-ʿinda nuzūli al-ghaythi [ط، مر].

- When rain descends [ط، مر].

رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْأُمِّ» مُرْسَلًا(١)، وَقَالَ: وَقَدْ حَفِظْتُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ طَلَبَ الْإِجَابَةِ عِنْدَهُمَا.

rawāhu al-shāfiʿiyyu fī «al-ʾummi» mursalan(1), wa-qāla: wa-qad ḥafiẓtu min ghayri wāḥidin ṭalaba al-ʾijābati ʿindahumā.

Al-Shafi'i narrated it in al-Umm as a mursal report(1), and said, "I learned from more than one person that they sought an answered prayer at both of those times."

- قُلْتُ: وَعِنْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْكَعْبَةِ [ط].

- qultu: wa-ʿinda ruʾyati al-kaʿbati [ط].

- I say: when seeing the Ka'bah [ط].

- وَبَيْنَ الْجَلَالَتَيْنِ فِي «الْأَنْعَامِ»(٢)، حَفِظْنَا ذَلِكَ مُجَرَّبًا مِنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَنَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الْحَافِظُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ الرَّسْعَنِيُّ فِي «تَفْسِيرِهِ» عَنِ الشَّيْخِ الْعِمَادِ الْمَقْدِسِيِّ.

- wa-bayna al-jalālatayni fī «al-ʾanʿāmi»(2), ḥafiẓnā dhālika mujarraban min ghayri wāḥidin min ʾahli al-ʿilmi, wa-naṣṣa ʿalayhi al-ḥāfiẓu ʿabdu al-razzāqi al-rasʿaniyyu fī «tafsīrihi» ʿani al-shaykhi al-ʿimādi al-maqdisiyyi.

- Between the two occurrences of the Divine Name in Surat al-An'am(2). We learned from the experience of more than one scholar that supplication is answered there. The hadith master 'Abd al-Razzaq al-Ras'ani stated this explicitly in his Tafsir, reporting it from Shaykh al-'Imad al-Maqdisi.

(١) الْمُرْسَلُ: هُوَ مَا رَفَعَهُ التَّابِعِيُّ، بِأَنْ يَقُولَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ التَّابِعِيُّ كَبِيرًا أَوْ صَغِيرًا فَهُوَ يَرْوِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْوَاسِطَةَ.

(1) al-mursalu: huwa mā rafaʿahu al-tābiʿiyyu, bi-ʾan yaqūla: qāla rasūlu Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, sawāʾun kāna al-tābiʿiyyu kabīran ʾaw ṣaghīran fa-huwa yarwīhi ʿani al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-lam yadhkuri al-wāsiṭata.

(1) A mursal report is one that a Successor attributes directly to the Prophet by saying, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said." Whether the Successor is senior or junior, he narrates it from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) without naming the intermediary.

(٢) أَيْ عِنْدَ الْوَقْفِ اللَّازِمِ بَيْنَ لَفْظَيِ الْجَلَالَةِ [اللَّهِ اللَّهِ] مِنَ الْآيَةِ (١٢٤) مِنْ سُورَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ.

(2) ʾay ʿinda al-waqfi al-lāzimi bayna lafẓayi al-jalālati [Allāhi Allāhi] mina al-ʾāyati (124) min sūrati al-ʾanʿāmi.

(2) That is, at the required pause between the two utterances of the Divine Name [اللَّهِ اللَّهِ] in verse 124 of Surat al-An'am.

 

أَمَاكِنُ الْإِجَابَةِ

ʾamākinu al-ʾijābati

Places Where Supplications Are Answered

فَكَالْمَوَاضِعِ الشَّرِيفَةِ.

fa-ka-l-mawāḍiʿi al-sharīfati.

These include honored places.

قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ فِي رِسَالَتِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ:

qāla al-ḥasanu al-baṣriyyu fī risālatihi ʾilā ʾahli makkata:

Al-Hasan al-Basri said in his letter to the people of Mecca:

إِنَّ الدُّعَاءَ يُسْتَجَابُ هُنَاكَ فِي خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ مَوْضِعًا:

ʾinna al-duʿāʾa yustajābu hunāka fī khamsata ʿashara mawḍiʿan:

Supplication is answered there in fifteen places:

١ - فِي الطَّوَافِ.

1 - fī al-ṭawāfi.

1 - During circumambulation.

٢ - وَعِنْدَ الْمُلْتَزَمِ.

2 - wa-ʿinda al-multazami.

2 - At the Multazam.

٣ - وَتَحْتَ الْمِيزَابِ.

3 - wa-taḥta al-mīzābi.

3 - Beneath the waterspout of the Ka'bah.

٤ - وَفِي الْبَيْتِ.

4 - wa-fī al-bayti.

4 - Inside the Sacred House.

٥ - وَعِنْدَ زَمْزَمَ.

5 - wa-ʿinda zamzama.

5 - At Zamzam.

٦ - وَعَلَى الصَّفَا.

6 - wa-ʿalā al-ṣafā.

6 - On al-Safa.

٧ - وَالْمَرْوَةِ.

7 - wa-l-marwati.

7 - On al-Marwah.

٨ - وَفِي الْمَسْعَى.

8 - wa-fī al-masʿā.

8 - Along the path between them.

٩ - وَخَلْفَ الْمَقَامِ.

9 - wa-khalfa al-maqāmi.

9 - Behind the Station of Abraham.

١٠ - وَفِي عَرَفَاتٍ.

10 - wa-fī ʿarafātin.

10 - At 'Arafat.

١١ - وَفِي الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ.

11 - wa-fī al-muzdalifati.

11 - At Muzdalifah.

١٢ - وَفِي مِنًى.

12 - wa-fī minan.

12 - At Mina.

١٣-١٥ - وَعِنْدَ الْجَمَرَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ.

13-15 - wa-ʿinda al-jamarāti al-thalāthi.

13–15 - At the three Jamarat.

قُلْتُ: وَإِنْ لَمْ يُجَبِ الدُّعَاءُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَفِي أَيِّ مَوْضِعٍ؟

qultu: wa-ʾin lam yujabi al-duʿāʾu ʿinda al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fa-fī ʾayyi mawḍiʿin?

I say: If supplication is not answered in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then in what place will it be?

عَلَى أَنَّا قَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي اسْتِجَابَةِ الدُّعَاءِ فِي الْمُلْتَزَمِ حَدِيثًا مُسَلْسَلًا(١) مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ.

ʿalā ʾannā qad rawaynā fī istijābati al-duʿāʾi fī al-multazami ḥadīthan musalsalan(1) min ṭarīqi ʾahli makkata.

Moreover, we have narrated a serially transmitted hadith(1), through the people of Mecca, about supplication being answered at the Multazam.

(١) الْحَدِيثُ الْمُسَلْسَلُ: هُوَ مَا تَتَابَعَ رِجَالُ إِسْنَادِهِ عَلَى صِفَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ أَوْ حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لِلرُّوَاةِ أَوْ لِلرِّوَايَةِ.

(1) al-ḥadīthu al-musalsalu: huwa mā tatābaʿa rijālu ʾisnādihi ʿalā ṣifatin wāḥidatin ʾaw ḥālin wāḥidatin li-l-ruwāti ʾaw li-l-riwāyati.

(1) A serially transmitted hadith is one whose chain of narrators successively shares a single characteristic or a single circumstance relating to the narrators or the transmission.

 

الَّذِينَ يُسْتَجَابُ دُعَاؤُهُمْ

alladhīna yustajābu duʿāʾuhum

Those Whose Supplications Are Answered

- الْمُضْطَرُّ [خ، م، د].

- al-muḍṭarru [خ، م، د].

- A person in desperate need [خ، م، د].

- وَالْمَظْلُومُ [ع]، وَإِنْ كَانَ فَاجِرًا [أ، ر، مص]، وَلَوْ كَانَ كَافِرًا [حب، أ].

- wa-l-maẓlūmu [ع], wa-ʾin kāna fājiran [أ، ر، مص], wa-law kāna kāfiran [حب، أ].

- A person who has been wronged [ع], even if he is wicked [أ، ر، مص] or a disbeliever [حب، أ].

- وَالْوَالِدُ [د، ت، ق].

- wa-l-wālidu [د، ت، ق].

- A parent [د، ت، ق].

- وَالْإِمَامُ الْعَادِلُ [ت، ق، حب].

- wa-l-ʾimāmu al-ʿādilu [ت، ق، حب].

- A just ruler [ت، ق، حب].

- وَالرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ [خ، م، ق].

- wa-l-rajulu al-ṣāliḥu [خ، م، ق].

- A righteous person [خ، م، ق].

- وَالْوَلَدُ الْبَارُّ بِوَالِدَيْهِ [م].

- wa-l-waladu al-bārru biwālidayhi [م].

- A child who is dutiful to his parents [م].

- وَالْمُسَافِرُ [د، ر، ق].

- wa-l-musāfiru [د، ر، ق].

- A traveler [د، ر، ق].

- وَالصَّائِمُ حِينَ يُفْطِرُ [ت، ق، حب].

- wa-l-ṣāʾimu ḥīna yufṭiru [ت، ق، حب].

- A fasting person when breaking the fast [ت، ق، حب].

- وَالْمُسْلِمُ لِأَخِيهِ بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ [م، د، مص].

- wa-l-muslimu liʾakhīhi biẓahri al-ghaybi [م، د، مص].

- A Muslim supplicating for a fellow Muslim in his absence [م، د، مص].

- وَالْمُسْلِمُ مَا لَمْ يَدْعُ بِظُلْمٍ أَوْ قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ، أَوْ يَقُولَ: دَعَوْتُ فَلَمْ أُجَبْ [مص].

- wa-l-muslimu mā lam yadʿu biẓulmin ʾaw qaṭīʿati raḥimin, ʾaw yaqūla: daʿawtu fa-lam ʾujab [مص].

- A Muslim, so long as he does not supplicate for wrongdoing or the severing of family ties, or say, "I supplicated but was not answered" [مص].

- «إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عُتَقَاءَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ، لِكُلِّ عَبْدٍ مِنْهُمْ دَعْوَةٌ مُسْتَجَابَةٌ» [أ].

- «ʾinna li-llāhi ʿazza wa-jalla ʿutaqāʾa fī kulli yawmin wa-laylatin, likulli ʿabdin minhum daʿwatun mustajābatun» [أ].

- "Allah, Mighty and Majestic, frees people from the Fire every day and night, and every servant among them has a supplication that is answered." [أ].

وَفِي «جَامِعِ» أَبِي مَنْصُورٍ: الدُّعَاءُ الصَّحِيحُ: دَعْوَةُ الْحَاجِّ لَا تُرَدُّ حَتَّى يَصْدُرَ. أَيْ: يَرْجِعُ.

wa-fī «jāmiʿi» ʾabī manṣūrin: al-duʿāʾu al-ṣaḥīḥu: daʿwatu al-ḥājji lā turaddu ḥattā yaṣdura. ʾay: yarjiʿu.

In Abu Mansur's Jami' it states: The sound report says, "The pilgrim's supplication is not rejected until he departs"—that is, until he returns.

  

فِي بَيَانِ اسْمِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْأَعْظَمِ

fī bayāni ismi Allāhi taʿālā al-ʾaʿẓami

Explanation of Allah Most High's Greatest Name

اسْمُ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمُ(١) الَّذِي إِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ، وَإِذَا سُئِلَ بِهِ أَعْطَى: ﴿لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: ٨٧] [مس].

ismu Allāhi al-ʾaʿẓamu(1) alladhī ʾidhā duʿiya bihi ʾajāba, wa-ʾidhā suʾila bihi ʾaʿṭā: ﴿lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta subḥānaka ʾinnī kuntu mina al-ẓālimīna﴾ [al-ʾanbiyāʾi: 87] [مس].

Allah's Greatest Name(1), by which He answers when called and gives when asked, is: "There is no deity but You. Glory be to You! I have indeed been among the wrongdoers." [الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: ٨٧] [مس].

وَاسْمُ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمُ الَّذِي إِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ، وَإِذَا سُئِلَ بِهِ أَعْطَى: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِأَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، الْأَحَدُ، الصَّمَدُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ» [عه، حب، مس، أ].

wa-ismu Allāhi al-ʾaʿẓamu alladhī ʾidhā duʿiya bihi ʾajāba, wa-ʾidhā suʾila bihi ʾaʿṭā: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka biʾannī ʾashhadu ʾannaka ʾanta Allāhu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, al-ʾaḥadu, al-ṣamadu alladhī lam yalid wa-lam yūlad, wa-lam yakun lahu kufuwan ʾaḥadun» [عه، حب، مس، أ].

Allah's Greatest Name, by which He answers when called and gives when asked, is: "O Allah, I ask You by my testimony that You are Allah; there is no deity but You, the One, the Eternal Refuge, who neither begets nor was begotten, and to whom no one is equal." [عه، حب، مس، أ].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِأَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ الْأَحَدُ ...» إِلَى آخِرِهِ [مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka biʾannaka ʾanta Allāhu al-ʾaḥadu...» ʾilā ʾākhirihi [مص].

"O Allah, I ask You because You are Allah, the One..." to the end [مص].

وَاسْمُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْعَظِيمُ [عه، حب، مس] الْأَعْظَمُ [أ، مص] الَّذِي إِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ، وَإِذَا سُئِلَ بِهِ أَعْطَى:

wa-ismu Allāhi taʿālā al-ʿaẓīmu [عه، حب، مس] al-ʾaʿẓamu [أ، مص] alladhī ʾidhā duʿiya bihi ʾajāba, wa-ʾidhā suʾila bihi ʾaʿṭā:

Allah Most High's Great [عه، حب، مس]—Greatest [أ، مص]—Name, by which He answers when called and gives when asked, is:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِأَنَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدَ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ [ت]، الْحَنَّانُ [حب] الْمَنَّانُ، بَدِيعُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ [عه، حب، مس، أ، ص]، يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ» [عه، حب، مس، أ].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka biʾanna laka al-ḥamda, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta waḥdaka lā sharīka laka [ت], al-ḥannānu [حب] al-mannānu, badīʿu al-samawāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, yā dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi [عه، حب، مس، أ، ص], yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu» [عه، حب، مس، أ].

"O Allah, I ask You because all praise belongs to You. There is no deity but You alone, with no partner [ت], the Most Tender [حب], the Bestower, the incomparable Originator of the heavens and the earth. O Possessor of Majesty and Honor [عه، حب، مس، أ، ص], O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining." [عه، حب، مس، أ].

وَاسْمُ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمُ فِي هَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ: ﴿وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٦٣]، وَفَاتِحَةِ «آلِ عِمْرَانَ»: ﴿الٓمٓ ۝ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١، ٢] [د، ت، ق، مص].

wa-ismu Allāhi al-ʾaʿẓamu fī hātayni al-ʾāyatayni: ﴿wa-ʾilāhukum ʾilāhun wāḥidun lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-raḥmānu al-raḥīmu﴾ [al-baqarati: 163], wa-fātiḥati «ʾāli ʿimrāna»: ﴿ʾAlif Lām Mīm · Allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-ḥayyu al-qayyūmu﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 1, 2] [د، ت، ق، مص].

Allah's Greatest Name is in these two verses: "Your God is one God. There is no deity but Him, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful" [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٦٣], and at the opening of Al 'Imran: "Alif Lam Mim. Allah—there is no deity but Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining" [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١، ٢] [د، ت، ق، مص].

وَاسْمُ اللَّهِ الْأَعْظَمُ فِي ثَلَاثِ سُوَرٍ: «الْبَقَرَةِ»، وَ«آلِ عِمْرَانَ»، وَ«طٰهٰ» [مس].

wa-ismu Allāhi al-ʾaʿẓamu fī thalāthi suwarin: «al-baqarati», wa-«ʾāli ʿimrāna», wa-«Ṭā Hā» [مس].

Allah's Greatest Name is in three surahs: al-Baqarah, Al 'Imran, and Ta Ha [مس].

قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ: فَالْتَمَسْتُهَا؛ إِنَّهُ (الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ).

qāla al-qāsimu: fa-iltamastuhā; ʾinnahu (al-ḥayyu al-qayyūmu).

Al-Qasim said, "I searched for it and found that it is 'the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining.'"

قُلْتُ: وَعِنْدِي أَنَّهُ: (اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ) جَمْعًا بَيْنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ؛ وَلِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ «الدُّعَاءِ» لِلْوَاحِدِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.

qultu: wa-ʿindī ʾannahu: (Allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-ḥayyu al-qayyūmu) jamʿan bayna al-ḥadīthayni; wa-limā rawaynā fī kitābi «al-duʿāʾi» li-l-wāḥidiyyi ʿan yūnusa bni ʿabdi al-ʾaʿlā, wa-Allāhu taʿālā ʾaʿlamu.

I say: In my view, it is "Allah—there is no deity but Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining," reconciling the two hadiths and based on what we narrated in al-Wahidi's book al-Du'a from Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la. Allah Most High knows best.

وَالْقَاسِمُ هَذَا هُوَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّامِيُّ التَّابِعِيُّ صَاحِبُ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ.

wa-l-qāsimu hādhā huwa ʾabū ʿabdi al-raḥmāni al-shāmiyyu al-tābiʿiyyu ṣāḥibu ʾabī ʾumāmata.

This al-Qasim is Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Shami, the Successor and companion of Abu Umamah.

(١) اخْتُلِفَ فِي تَعْيِينِ الِاسْمِ الْأَعْظَمِ عَلَى نَحْوِ أَرْبَعِينَ قَوْلًا، قَدْ أَفْرَدَهَا السُّيُوطِيُّ بِالتَّصْنِيفِ.

(1) ukhtulifa fī taʿyīni al-ismi al-ʾaʿẓami ʿalā naḥwi ʾarbaʿīna qawlan, qad ʾafradahā al-suyūṭiyyu bi-l-taṣnīfi.

(1) There are approximately forty different opinions identifying the Greatest Name, which al-Suyuti collected in a dedicated work.

 

فِي أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ الْحُسْنَى

fī ʾasmāʾi Allāhi al-ḥusnā

The Most Beautiful Names of Allah

وَأَسْمَاءُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الْحُسْنَى الَّتِي أُمِرْنَا بِالدُّعَاءِ بِهَا تِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ اسْمًا، مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ [خ، م، ت، س، ق]، لَا يَحْفَظُهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ [خ].

wa-ʾasmāʾu Allāhi taʿālā al-ḥusnā allatī ʾumirnā bi-l-duʿāʾi bihā tisʿatun wa-tisʿūna isman, man ʾaḥṣāhā dakhala al-jannata [خ، م، ت، س، ق], lā yaḥfaẓuhā ʾaḥadun ʾillā dakhala al-jannata [خ].

The Most Beautiful Names of Allah Most High, by which we have been commanded to call upon Him, are ninety-nine names. Whoever enumerates them will enter Paradise [خ، م، ت، س، ق]; no one memorizes them without entering Paradise [خ].

هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، الرَّحْمَنُ، الرَّحِيمُ، الْمَلِكُ، الْقُدُّوسُ، السَّلَامُ، الْمُؤْمِنُ، الْمُهَيْمِنُ، الْعَزِيزُ، الْجَبَّارُ، الْمُتَكَبِّرُ، الْخَالِقُ، الْبَارِئُ، الْمُصَوِّرُ، الْغَفَّارُ، الْقَهَّارُ، الْوَهَّابُ، الرَّزَّاقُ، الْفَتَّاحُ، الْعَلِيمُ، الْقَابِضُ، الْبَاسِطُ، الْخَافِضُ، الرَّافِعُ، الْمُعِزُّ، الْمُذِلُّ،

huwa Allāhu alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa, al-raḥmānu, al-raḥīmu, al-maliku, al-quddūsu, al-salāmu, al-muʾminu, al-muhayminu, al-ʿazīzu, al-jabbāru, al-mutakabbiru, al-khāliqu, al-bāriʾu, al-muṣawwiru, al-ghaffāru, al-qahhāru, al-wahhābu, al-razzāqu, al-fattāḥu, al-ʿalīmu, al-qābiḍu, al-bāsiṭu, al-khāfiḍu, al-rāfiʿu, al-muʿizzu, al-mudhillu,

He is Allah, besides whom there is no deity: the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful, the Sovereign, the Most Holy, the Source of Peace, the Giver of Security, the Guardian, the Almighty, the Compeller, the Supremely Great, the Creator, the Originator, the Fashioner, the Ever-Forgiving, the All-Subduing, the Bestower, the Provider, the Opener, the All-Knowing, the Withholder, the Expander, the Abaser, the Exalter, the Giver of Honor, the Humiliator,

السَّمِيعُ، الْبَصِيرُ، الْحَكَمُ، الْعَدْلُ، اللَّطِيفُ، الْخَبِيرُ، الْحَلِيمُ، الْعَظِيمُ، الْغَفُورُ، الشَّكُورُ، الْعَلِيُّ، الْكَبِيرُ، الْحَفِيظُ، الْمُقِيتُ، الْحَسِيبُ، الْجَلِيلُ، الْكَرِيمُ، الرَّقِيبُ، الْمُجِيبُ، الْوَاسِعُ، الْحَكِيمُ، الْوَدُودُ، الْمَجِيدُ، الْبَاعِثُ، الشَّهِيدُ، الْحَقُّ، الْوَكِيلُ، الْقَوِيُّ، الْمَتِينُ، الْوَلِيُّ، الْحَمِيدُ، الْمُحْصِي،

al-samīʿu, al-baṣīru, al-ḥakamu, al-ʿadlu, al-laṭīfu, al-khabīru, al-ḥalīmu, al-ʿaẓīmu, al-ghafūru, al-shakūru, al-ʿaliyyu, al-kabīru, al-ḥafīẓu, al-muqītu, al-ḥasību, al-jalīlu, al-karīmu, al-raqību, al-mujību, al-wāsiʿu, al-ḥakīmu, al-wadūdu, al-majīdu, al-bāʿithu, al-shahīdu, al-ḥaqqu, al-wakīlu, al-qawiyyu, al-matīnu, al-waliyyu, al-ḥamīdu, al-muḥṣī,

the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing, the Judge, the Just, the Subtle and Kind, the All-Aware, the Forbearing, the Magnificent, the All-Forgiving, the Appreciative, the Most High, the Most Great, the Preserver, the Sustainer, the Reckoner, the Majestic, the Generous, the Watchful, the Responsive, the All-Encompassing, the All-Wise, the Loving, the Glorious, the Resurrector, the Witness, the Truth, the Trustee, the Strong, the Firm, the Protecting Friend, the Praiseworthy, the Enumerator,

الْمُبْدِئُ، الْمُعِيدُ، الْمُحْيِي، الْمُمِيتُ، الْحَيُّ، الْقَيُّومُ، الْوَاجِدُ، الْمَاجِدُ، الْوَاحِدُ، الْأَحَدُ، الصَّمَدُ، الْقَادِرُ، الْمُقْتَدِرُ، الْمُقَدِّمُ، الْمُؤَخِّرُ، الْأَوَّلُ، الْآخِرُ، الظَّاهِرُ، الْبَاطِنُ، الْوَالِي، الْمُتَعَالِي، الْبَرُّ، التَّوَّابُ، الْمُنْتَقِمُ، الْعَفُوُّ، الرَّؤُوفُ، مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ، ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، الْمُقْسِطُ،

al-mubdiʾu, al-muʿīdu, al-muḥyī, al-mumītu, al-ḥayyu, al-qayyūmu, al-wājidu, al-mājidu, al-wāḥidu, al-ʾaḥadu, al-ṣamadu, al-qādiru, al-muqtadiru, al-muqaddimu, al-muʾakhkhiru, al-ʾawwalu, al-ʾākhiru, al-ẓāhiru, al-bāṭinu, al-wālī, al-mutaʿālī, al-barru, al-tawwābu, al-muntaqimu, al-ʿafuwwu, al-raʾūfu, māliku al-mulki, dhū al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi, al-muqsiṭu,

the Initiator, the Restorer, the Giver of Life, the Bringer of Death, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining, the Finder, the Most Noble, the One, the Unique, the Eternal Refuge, the All-Powerful, the Perfectly Powerful, the Advancer, the Delayer, the First, the Last, the Manifest, the Hidden, the Governor, the Most Exalted, the Source of Goodness, the Accepter of Repentance, the Avenger, the Pardoner, the Most Kind, the Master of Dominion, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor, the Equitable,

الْجَامِعُ، الْغَنِيُّ، الْمُغْنِي، الْمَانِعُ، الضَّارُّ، النَّافِعُ، النُّورُ، الْهَادِي، الْبَدِيعُ، الْبَاقِي، الْوَارِثُ، الرَّشِيدُ، الصَّبُورُ [ت، مس، حب].

al-jāmiʿu, al-ghaniyyu, al-mughnī, al-māniʿu, al-ḍārru, al-nāfiʿu, al-nūru, al-hādī, al-badīʿu, al-bāqī, al-wārithu, al-rashīdu, al-ṣabūru [ت، مس، حب].

the Gatherer, the Self-Sufficient, the Enricher, the Preventer, the Bringer of Harm, the Giver of Benefit, the Light, the Guide, the Incomparable Originator, the Everlasting, the Inheritor, the Guide to the Right Way, the Most Patient [ت، مس، حب].

وَسَمِعَ ﷺ رَجُلًا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ. فَقَالَ: «قَدِ اسْتُجِيبَ لَكَ، فَسَلْ» [ت].

wa-samiʿa ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam rajulan wa-huwa yaqūlu: yā dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi. fa-qāla: «qadi ustujība laka, fa-sal» [ت].

He (peace and blessings be upon him) heard a man say, "O Possessor of Majesty and Honor." He said, "Your prayer has been answered, so ask." [ت].

«إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَكًا مُوَكَّلًا بِمَنْ يَقُولُ: يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ، فَمَنْ قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا، قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ: إِنَّ أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْكَ، فَسَلْ» [مس].

«ʾinna li-llāhi malakan muwakkalan biman yaqūlu: yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna, fa-man qālahā thalāthan, qāla lahu al-malaku: ʾinna ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna qad ʾaqbala ʿalayka, fa-sal» [مس].

"Allah has appointed an angel to attend anyone who says, 'O Most Merciful of those who show mercy.' Whoever says it three times is told by the angel, 'The Most Merciful of those who show mercy has turned toward you, so ask.'" [مس].

  

وَمَرَّ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «سَلْ، فَقَدْ نَظَرَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ» [مس].

wa-marra ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam birajulin wa-huwa yaqūlu: yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna, fa-qāla lahu: «sal, fa-qad naẓara Allāhu ʾilayka» [مس].

He (peace and blessings be upon him) passed a man who was saying, "O Most Merciful of those who show mercy," and told him, "Ask, for Allah has looked upon you." [مس].

«مَنْ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، قَالَتِ الْجَنَّةُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ. وَمَنِ اسْتَجَارَ مِنَ النَّارِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، قَالَتِ النَّارُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ» [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].

«man saʾala Allāha al-jannata thalātha marrātin, qālati al-jannatu: Allāhumma ʾadkhilhu al-jannata. wa-mani istajāra mina al-nāri thalātha marrātin, qālati al-nāru: Allāhumma ʾajirhu mina al-nāri» [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].

"Whoever asks Allah for Paradise three times, Paradise says, 'O Allah, admit him into Paradise.' Whoever seeks protection from the Fire three times, the Fire says, 'O Allah, protect him from the Fire.'" [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].

«مَنْ دَعَا بِهَؤُلَاءِ الْكَلِمَاتِ الْخَمْسِ لَمْ يَسْأَلِ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [ط، طس].

«man daʿā bi-hāʾulāʾi al-kalimāti al-khamsi lam yasʾali Allāha shayʾan ʾillā ʾaʿṭāhu: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [ط، طس].

"Whoever supplicates with these five phrases will receive whatever he asks of Allah: There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs all dominion and all praise, and He has power over all things. There is no deity but Allah, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah." [ط، طس].

مَا يَقُولُ مَنِ اسْتُجِيبَ دُعَاؤُهُ

mā yaqūlu mani ustujība duʿāʾuhu

What One Says When One's Supplication Is Answered

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى إِجَابَةِ الدُّعَاءِ

al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿalā ʾijābati al-duʿāʾi

All praise is due to Allah for answering the supplication.

«مَا يَمْنَعُ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا عَرَفَ الْإِجَابَةَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فَشُفِيَ مِنْ مَرَضٍ، أَوْ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ، أَنْ يَقُولَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي بِعِزَّتِهِ وَجَلَالِهِ تَتِمُّ الصَّالِحَاتُ» [مس، ي].

«mā yamnaʿu ʾaḥadakum ʾidhā ʿarafa al-ʾijābata min nafsihi fa-shufiya min maraḍin, ʾaw qadima min safarin, ʾan yaqūla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī biʿizzatihi wa-jalālihi tatimmu al-ṣāliḥātu» [مس، ي].

"What prevents any of you, when he recognizes that his prayer has been answered—when he has recovered from an illness or returned from a journey—from saying: 'All praise is due to Allah, by whose might and majesty righteous deeds are brought to completion'?" [مس، ي].

  

الَّذِي يُقَالُ

alladhī yuqālu

What Is Said

فِي صَبَاحِ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَمَسَائِهِ

fī ṣabāḥi kulli yawmin wa-masāʾihi

Every Morning and Evening

«بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا يَضُرُّ مَعَ اسْمِهِ شَيْءٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [عه، حب، مس، مص].

«bismi Allāhi alladhī lā yaḍurru maʿa ismihi shayʾun fī al-ʾarḍi wa-lā fī al-samāʾi, wa-huwa al-samīʿu al-ʿalīmu» thalātha marrātin [عه، حب، مس، مص].

"In the name of Allah, with whose name nothing on earth or in heaven can cause harm, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing," three times [عه، حب، مس، مص].

«أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ(١) مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ» [طس].

«ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmāti(1) min sharri mā khalaqa» [طس].

"I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah(1) from the evil of what He has created." [طس].

وَفِي الْمَسَاءِ فَقَطْ [م، عه، طس، مي، ي]، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت، مي، ي].

wa-fī al-masāʾi fa-qaṭ [م، عه، طس، مي، ي], thalātha marrātin [ت، مي، ي].

And in the evening only [م، عه، طس، مي، ي], three times [ت، مي، ي].

أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ [ت] الْعَلِيمِ [ت] مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت]، ﴿هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا

ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi al-samīʿi [ت] al-ʿalīmi [ت] mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi, thalātha marrātin [ت], ﴿huwa Allāhu alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā

I seek refuge in Allah, the All-Hearing [ت], the All-Knowing [ت], from Satan the accursed, three times [ت]. "He is Allah; there is no deity but

هُوَ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ ۝ هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْمَلِكُ الْقُدُّوسُ السَّلَامُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ۝ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ [الْحَشْرِ: ٢٢-٢٤] [ت، مي، ي].

huwa ʿālimu al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati huwa al-raḥmānu al-raḥīmu · huwa Allāhu alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-maliku al-quddūsu al-salāmu al-muʾminu al-muhayminu al-ʿazīzu al-jabbāru al-mutakabbiru subḥāna Allāhi ʿammā yushrikūna · huwa Allāhu al-khāliqu al-bāriʾu al-muṣawwiru lahu al-ʾasmāʾu al-ḥusnā yusabbiḥu lahu mā fī al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-huwa al-ʿazīzu al-ḥakīmu﴾ [al-ḥashri: 22-24] [ت، مي، ي].

Him, Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. He is Allah; there is no deity but Him, the Sovereign, the Most Holy, the Source of Peace, the Giver of Security, the Guardian, the Almighty, the Compeller, the Supremely Great. Glory be to Allah above what they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Originator, the Fashioner. To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, and He is the Almighty, the All-Wise." [الْحَشْرِ: ٢٢-٢٤] [ت، مي، ي].

﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾ [الْفَلَقِ: ١] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾ [النَّاسِ: ١] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [د، ت، س، ي].

﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾ [al-ʾikhlāṣi: 1] thalātha marrātin, ﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾ [al-falaqi: 1] thalātha marrātin, ﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-nāsi﴾ [al-nāsi: 1] thalātha marrātin [د، ت، س، ي].

"Say: He is Allah, the One" [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١] three times; "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak" [الْفَلَقِ: ١] three times; and "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of humankind" [النَّاسِ: ١] three times [د، ت، س، ي].

﴿فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ ۝ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ ۝ يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَيُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَيُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَكَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ﴾ [الرُّومِ: ١٧–١٩] [د، ي].

﴿fa-subḥāna Allāhi ḥīna tumsūna wa-ḥīna tuṣbiḥūna · wa-lahu al-ḥamdu fī al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-ʿashiyyan wa-ḥīna tuẓhirūna · yukhriju al-ḥayya mina al-mayyiti wa-yukhriju al-mayyita mina al-ḥayyi wa-yuḥyī al-ʾarḍa baʿda mawtihā wa-ka-dhālika tukhrajūna﴾ [al-rūmi: 17–19] [د، ي].

"Glory be to Allah when you enter the evening and when you enter the morning. To Him belongs all praise in the heavens and the earth, in the late afternoon and at midday. He brings the living out of the dead and the dead out of the living; He revives the earth after its death, and in the same way you will be brought forth." [الرُّومِ: ١٧–١٩] [د، ي].

﴿اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ﴾: آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ [ط].

﴿Allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-ḥayyu al-qayyūmu﴾: ʾāyatu al-kursiyyi [ط].

"Allah—there is no deity but Him, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining": the Throne Verse [ط].

وَآيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ، وَالْآيَةُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ سُورَةِ غَافِرٍ إِلَى: ﴿وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ [ت، حب، أ، ر].

wa-ʾāyatu al-kursiyyi, wa-l-ʾāyatu min ʾawwali sūrati ghāfirin ʾilā: ﴿wa-ʾilayhi al-maṣīru﴾ [ت، حب، أ، ر].

And the Throne Verse, together with the passage from the beginning of Surat Ghafir through the words, "and to Him is the final return" [ت، حب، أ، ر].

(١) الْكَلِمَاتُ هِيَ الْقُرْآنُ، وَالتَّامَّاتُ قِيلَ هِيَ الْكَامِلَاتُ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا نَقْصٌ وَلَا عَيْبٌ كَمَا يَدْخُلُ فِي كَلَامِ النَّاسِ، وَقِيلَ هِيَ النَّافِعَاتُ الْكَافِيَاتُ الشَّافِيَاتُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا يُتَعَوَّذُ مِنْهُ.

(1) al-kalimātu hiya al-qurʾānu, wa-l-tāmmātu qīla hiya al-kāmilātu, wa-l-maʿnā ʾannahu lā yadkhuluhā naqṣun wa-lā ʿaybun kamā yadkhulu fī kalāmi al-nāsi, wa-qīla hiya al-nāfiʿātu al-kāfiyātu al-shāfiyātu min kulli mā yutaʿawwadhu minhu.

(1) The "words" are the Qur'an. "Perfect" is said to mean complete: they contain no deficiency or defect of the kind found in human speech. It is also said to mean beneficial, sufficient, and healing against everything from which refuge is sought.

 

«أَصْبَحْنَا (أَمْسَيْنَا)، وَأَصْبَحَ (وَأَمْسَى) الْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ.

«ʾaṣbaḥnā (ʾamsaynā), wa-ʾaṣbaḥa (wa-ʾamsā) al-mulku li-llāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun.

"We have reached the morning (the evening), and all sovereignty belongs to Allah this morning (this evening). All praise is due to Allah. There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs all dominion and all praise, and He has power over all things.

رَبِّ أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ مَا فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ (اللَّيْلَةِ) وَخَيْرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ (هَا)، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ (اللَّيْلَةِ) وَشَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ (هَا)، رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكَسَلِ، وَسُوءِ الْكِبَرِ،

rabbi ʾasʾaluka khayra mā fī hādhā al-yawmi (al-laylati) wa-khayra mā baʿdahu (hā), wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā fī hādhā al-yawmi (al-laylati) wa-sharri mā baʿdahu (hā), rabbi ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-kasali, wa-sūʾi al-kibari,

My Lord, I ask You for the good within this day (this night) and the good that follows it, and I seek refuge in You from the evil within this day (this night) and the evil that follows it. My Lord, I seek refuge in You from laziness and the evils of old age.

رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ فِي النَّارِ وَعَذَابٍ فِي الْقَبْرِ» [م، د، ت، س، مص].

rabbi ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābin fī al-nāri wa-ʿadhābin fī al-qabri» [م، د، ت، س، مص].

My Lord, I seek refuge in You from punishment in the Fire and punishment in the grave." [م، د، ت، س، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكَسَلِ، وَالْهَرَمِ، وَسُوءِ الْكِبَرِ(١)، وَفِتْنَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [م].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-kasali, wa-l-harami, wa-sūʾi al-kibari(1), wa-fitnati al-dunyā wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri» [م].

"O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, decrepitude, the evils of old age(1), the trials of this world, and the punishment of the grave." [م].

«أَصْبَحْنَا (أَمْسَيْنَا)، وَأَصْبَحَ (وَأَمْسَى) الْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ (اللَّيْلَةِ) فَتْحَهُ (هَا)، وَنَصْرَهُ (هَا)، وَنُورَهُ (هَا)، وَبَرَكَتَهُ (هَا)، وَهُدَاهُ (هَا)، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا فِيهِ (هَا)، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ (هَا)» [د].

«ʾaṣbaḥnā (ʾamsaynā), wa-ʾaṣbaḥa (wa-ʾamsā) al-mulku li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayra hādhā al-yawmi (al-laylati) fatḥahu (hā), wa-naṣrahu (hā), wa-nūrahu (hā), wa-barakatahu (hā), wa-hudāhu (hā), wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā fīhi (hā), wa-min sharri mā baʿdahu (hā)» [د].

"We have reached the morning (the evening), and all sovereignty belongs this morning (this evening) to Allah, Lord of the worlds. O Allah, I ask You for the good of this day (this night): its triumph, its aid, its light, its blessing, and its guidance. I seek refuge in You from the evil within it and the evil that follows it." [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ بِكَ أَصْبَحْنَا (أَمْسَيْنَا)، وَبِكَ أَمْسَيْنَا (أَصْبَحْنَا)، وَبِكَ نَحْيَا، وَبِكَ نَمُوتُ، وَإِلَيْكَ النُّشُورُ (الْمَصِيرُ)» [عه، حب، أ، عو].

«Allāhumma bika ʾaṣbaḥnā (ʾamsaynā), wa-bika ʾamsaynā (ʾaṣbaḥnā), wa-bika naḥyā, wa-bika namūtu, wa-ʾilayka al-nushūru (al-maṣīru)» [عه، حب، أ، عو].

"O Allah, through You we enter the morning (the evening), through You we enter the evening (the morning), through You we live, and through You we die; and to You is the resurrection (the final return)." [عه، حب، أ، عو].

«أَصْبَحْنَا (أَمْسَيْنَا)، وَأَصْبَحَ (وَأَمْسَى) الْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُورُ (الْمَصِيرُ)» [د، ي].

«ʾaṣbaḥnā (ʾamsaynā), wa-ʾaṣbaḥa (wa-ʾamsā) al-mulku li-llāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, lā sharīka lahu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa, wa-ʾilayhi al-nushūru (al-maṣīru)» [د، ي].

"We have reached the morning (the evening), and all sovereignty belongs to Allah this morning (this evening). All praise is due to Allah. He has no partner; there is no deity but Him, and to Him is the resurrection (the final return)." [د، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، رَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَمَلِيكَهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ نَفْسِي، وَشَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشِرْكِهِ [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص]، وَأَنْ نَقْتَرِفَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا سُوءًا أَوْ نَجُرَّهُ إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ» [ت].

«Allāhumma fāṭira al-samawāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, ʿālima al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, rabba kulli shayʾin wa-malīkahu, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri nafsī, wa-sharri al-shayṭāni wa-shirkihi [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص], wa-ʾan naqtarifa ʿalā ʾanfusinā sūʾan ʾaw najurrahu ʾilā muslimin» [ت].

"O Allah, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, Lord and Sovereign of all things, I testify that there is no deity but You. I seek refuge in You from the evil of my own soul and from the evil of Satan and his call to associate partners with You [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص], and from committing evil against ourselves or bringing it upon a Muslim." [ت].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ (أَمْسَيْتُ) أُشْهِدُكَ، وَأُشْهِدُ حَمَلَةَ عَرْشِكَ، وَمَلَائِكَتَكَ، وَجَمِيعَ خَلْقِكَ، بِأَنَّكَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ» [ت، طس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaṣbaḥtu (ʾamsaytu) ʾushhiduka, wa-ʾushhidu ḥamalata ʿarshika, wa-malāʾikataka, wa-jamīʿa khalqika, biʾannaka lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka» [ت، طس].

"O Allah, this morning (this evening) I call You to witness, and I call the bearers of Your Throne, Your angels, and all Your creation to witness that there is no deity but You and that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger." [ت، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ (أَمْسَيْتُ) أُشْهِدُكَ، وَأُشْهِدُ حَمَلَةَ عَرْشِكَ، وَمَلَائِكَتَكَ، وَجَمِيعَ خَلْقِكَ، أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ - أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ -» [د، ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaṣbaḥtu (ʾamsaytu) ʾushhiduka, wa-ʾushhidu ḥamalata ʿarshika, wa-malāʾikataka, wa-jamīʿa khalqika, ʾannaka ʾanta Allāhu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka - ʾarbaʿa marrātin -» [د، ت، س].

"O Allah, this morning (this evening) I call You to witness, and I call the bearers of Your Throne, Your angels, and all Your creation to witness that You are Allah; there is no deity but You, You alone with no partner, and Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger"—four times [د، ت، س].

(١) اسْتِعَاذَةٌ مِنْ طُولِ الْعُمُرِ وَآفَاتِهِ وَمَا يَجْلِبُهُ مِنَ الْخَرَفِ وَذَهَابِ الْعَقْلِ.

(1) istiʿādhatun min ṭūli al-ʿumuri wa-ʾāfātihi wa-mā yajlibuhu mina al-kharafi wa-dhahābi al-ʿaqli.

(1) This is seeking refuge from a long life and its afflictions, and from the senility and loss of reason that it brings.

 

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْعَافِيَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْعَفْوَ وَالْعَافِيَةَ، فِي دِينِي، وَدُنْيَايَ، وَأَهْلِي، وَمَالِي، اللَّهُمَّ اسْتُرْ عَوْرَتِي، وَآمِنْ رَوْعَتِي(١)،

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-ʿāfiyata fī al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-ʿafwa wa-l-ʿāfiyata, fī dīnī, wa-dunyāya, wa-ʾahlī, wa-mālī, Allāhumma ustur ʿawratī, wa-ʾāmin rawʿatī(1),

«O Allah, I ask You for well-being in this world and the Hereafter. O Allah, I ask You for pardon and well-being in my religion, my worldly life, my family, and my wealth. O Allah, conceal my faults and calm my fears(1).

اللَّهُمَّ احْفَظْنِي مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيَّ، وَمِنْ خَلْفِي، وَعَنْ يَمِينِي، وَعَنْ شِمَالِي، وَمِنْ فَوْقِي، وَأَعُوذُ بِعَظَمَتِكَ أَنْ أُغْتَالَ مِنْ تَحْتِي(٢)» [د، ق، س، حب، مس، مص].

Allāhumma iḥfaẓnī min bayni yadayya, wa-min khalfī, wa-ʿan yamīnī, wa-ʿan shimālī, wa-min fawqī, wa-ʾaʿūdhu biʿaẓamatika ʾan ʾughtāla min taḥtī(2)» [د، ق، س، حب، مس، مص].

O Allah, protect me from before me, from behind me, on my right, on my left, and from above me; and I seek refuge in Your greatness from being struck unexpectedly from beneath me(2)» [د، ق، س، حب، مس، مص].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ [ي]، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» [د، س، ق، مص، ي].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, yuḥyī wa-yumītu, wa-huwa ḥayyun lā yamūtu [ي], wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun» [د، س، ق، مص، ي].

«There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion and His is all praise. He gives life and causes death, and He is the Ever-Living who never dies [ي], and He has power over all things» [د، س، ق، مص، ي].

«رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ رَسُولًا» [عه، مس، أ، ط]، «نَبِيًّا» [أ، ط](٣).

«raḍīnā bi-llāhi rabban, wa-bi-l-ʾislāmi dīnan, wa-bimuḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam rasūlan» [عه، مس، أ، ط], «nabiyyan» [أ، ط](3).

«We are pleased with Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion, and Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) as our Messenger» [عه، مس، أ، ط], «as our Prophet» [أ، ط](3).

«رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا. - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ -» [مص، ي].

«raḍītu bi-llāhi rabban, wa-bi-l-ʾislāmi dīnan, wa-bimuḥammadin nabiyyan. - thalātha marrātin -» [مص، ي].

«I am pleased with Allah as my Lord, Islam as my religion, and Muhammad as my Prophet—three times» [مص، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ مَا أَصْبَحَ (أَمْسَى) بِي مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ [حب، س] أَوْ بِأَحَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِكَ [ي] فَمِنْكَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، وَلَكَ الشُّكْرُ» [د، س، حب، ي].

«Allāhumma mā ʾaṣbaḥa (ʾamsā) bī min niʿmatin [حب، س] ʾaw biʾaḥadin min khalqika [ي] fa-minka waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, fa-laka al-ḥamdu, wa-laka al-shukru» [د، س، حب، ي].

«O Allah, whatever blessing has come to me this morning (this evening) [حب، س], or to any of Your creation [ي], is from You alone, with no partner. To You belongs all praise, and to You belongs all thanks» [د، س، حب، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ عَافِنِي فِي بَدَنِي، اللَّهُمَّ عَافِنِي فِي سَمْعِي، اللَّهُمَّ عَافِنِي فِي بَصَرِي، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ - اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَالْفَقْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ -» [د، س، ي].

«Allāhumma ʿāfinī fī badanī, Allāhumma ʿāfinī fī samʿī, Allāhumma ʿāfinī fī baṣarī, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta - thalātha marrātin - Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-kufri wa-l-faqri, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-qabri, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta - thalātha marrātin -» [د، س، ي].

«O Allah, grant well-being to my body. O Allah, grant well-being to my hearing. O Allah, grant well-being to my sight. There is no deity but You—three times. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from disbelief and poverty. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave. There is no deity but You—three times» [د، س، ي].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ كَانَ، وَمَا لَمْ يَشَأْ لَمْ يَكُنْ، أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا» [د، س، ي].

«subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi, lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, mā shāʾa Allāhu kāna, wa-mā lam yashaʾ lam yakun, ʾaʿlamu ʾanna Allāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, wa-ʾanna Allāha qad ʾaḥāṭa bikulli shayʾin ʿilman» [د، س، ي].

«Glory and praise be to Allah. There is no strength except through Allah. Whatever Allah wills comes to pass, and whatever He does not will does not come to pass. I know that Allah has power over all things and that Allah encompasses all things in knowledge» [د، س، ي].

«أَصْبَحْنَا (أَمْسَيْنَا) عَلَى فِطْرَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَكَلِمَةِ الْإِخْلَاصِ، وَعَلَى دِينِ نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ أَبِينَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا(٤) مُسْلِمًا، وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ» [أ، ط].

«ʾaṣbaḥnā (ʾamsaynā) ʿalā fiṭrati al-ʾislāmi, wa-kalimati al-ʾikhlāṣi, wa-ʿalā dīni nabiyyinā muḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-ʿalā millati ʾabīnā ʾibrāhīma ḥanīfan(4) musliman, wa-mā kāna mina al-mushrikīna» [أ، ط].

«We have entered the morning (the evening) upon the natural disposition of Islam, the word of sincere faith, the religion of our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and the creed of our father Abraham, inclining uprightly to the truth(4), a Muslim, and not one of those who associate partners with Allah» [أ، ط].

فِي الصَّبَاحِ وَالْمَسَاءِ [س].

fī al-ṣabāḥi wa-l-masāʾi [س].

In the morning and evening [س].

(١) الْعَوْرَةُ كُلُّ مَا يُسْتَحْيَا مِنْهُ إِذَا ظَهَرَ، وَالرَّوْعَةُ الْفَزَعُ.

(1) al-ʿawratu kullu mā yustaḥyā minhu ʾidhā ẓahara, wa-l-rawʿatu al-fazaʿu.

(1) An ‘awrah is anything whose exposure causes shame, and raw‘ah means fright.

(٢) قَالَ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ: يَعْنِي الْخَسْفَ.

(2) qāla wakīʿu bnu al-jarrāḥi: yaʿnī al-khasfa.

(2) Waki‘ ibn al-Jarrah said: this means being swallowed by the earth.

(٣) فِي رِوَايَةٍ رَسُولًا وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ نَبِيًّا، قَالَ النَّوَوِيُّ: فَيُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَيُقَالَ: نَبِيًّا وَرَسُولًا، وَلَوِ اقْتَصَرَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا كَانَ عَامِلًا بِالْحَدِيثِ.

(3) fī riwāyatin rasūlan wa-fī riwāyatin nabiyyan, qāla al-nawawiyyu: fa-yustaḥabbu ʾan yajmaʿa baynahumā fa-yuqāla: nabiyyan wa-rasūlan, wa-lawi iqtaṣara ʿalā ʾaḥadihimā kāna ʿāmilan bi-l-ḥadīthi.

(3) One narration says “Messenger” and another says “Prophet.” Al-Nawawi said that it is recommended to combine the two by saying “Prophet and Messenger”; if one uses only either term, one has still acted according to the hadith.

(٤) قَالَ الْأَزْهَرِيُّ: مَعْنَى الْحَنِيفِيَّةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ الْمَيْلُ إِلَيْهِ وَالْإِقَامَةُ عَلَى عَقْدِهِ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ سِيدَهْ فِي مُحْكَمِهِ: الْحَنِيفُ الْمُسْلِمُ الَّذِي يَتَحَنَّفُ عَنِ الْأَدْيَانِ، أَيْ يَمِيلُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ.

(4) qāla al-ʾazhariyyu: maʿnā al-ḥanīfiyyati fī al-ʾislāmi al-maylu ʾilayhi wa-l-ʾiqāmatu ʿalā ʿaqdihi, wa-qāla ibnu sīdah fī muḥkamihi: al-ḥanīfu al-muslimu alladhī yataḥannafu ʿani al-ʾadyāni, ʾay yamīlu ʾilā al-ḥaqqi.

(4) Al-Azhari said that hanifiyyah within Islam means inclining toward it and remaining steadfast in its covenant. Ibn Sidah said in his Al-Muhkam: a hanif is a Muslim who turns away from other religions—that is, inclines toward the truth.

 

وَفِي الصَّبَاحِ فَقَطْ:

wa-fī al-ṣabāḥi fa-qaṭ:

And in the morning only:

«يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ، بِرَحْمَتِكَ أَسْتَغِيثُ، أَصْلِحْ لِي شَأْنِي كُلَّهُ، وَلَا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ» [س، مس، ر].

«yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu, biraḥmatika ʾastaghīthu, ʾaṣliḥ lī shaʾnī kullahu, wa-lā takilnī ʾilā nafsī ṭarfata ʿaynin» [س، مس، ر].

«O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining, I seek relief through Your mercy. Set all my affairs right, and do not leave me to myself even for the blink of an eye» [س، مس، ر].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبِّي، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، خَلَقْتَنِي وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، وَأَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ(١)، أَبُوءُ لَكَ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، وَأَبُوءُ بِذَنْبِي(٢)، فَاغْفِرْ لِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ» [خ، س].

«Allāhumma ʾanta rabbī, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, khalaqtanī wa-ʾanā ʿabduka, wa-ʾanā ʿalā ʿahdika wa-waʿdika mā istaṭaʿtu(1), ʾabūʾu laka biniʿmatika ʿalayya, wa-ʾabūʾu bidhanbī(2), fa-ighfir lī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ṣanaʿtu» [خ، س].

«O Allah, You are my Lord. There is no deity but You. You created me, and I am Your servant. I remain faithful to Your covenant and promise as best I can(1). I acknowledge Your blessing upon me, and I acknowledge my sin(2), so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done» [خ، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبِّي، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، خَلَقْتَنِي وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، وَأَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ، أَبُوءُ لَكَ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، وَأَبُوءُ بِذَنْبِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [خ، س، د، ق، ي].

«Allāhumma ʾanta rabbī, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, khalaqtanī wa-ʾanā ʿabduka, wa-ʾanā ʿalā ʿahdika wa-waʿdika mā istaṭaʿtu, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ṣanaʿtu, ʾabūʾu laka biniʿmatika ʿalayya, wa-ʾabūʾu bidhanbī, fa-ighfir lī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta» [خ، س، د، ق، ي].

«O Allah, You are my Lord. There is no deity but You. You created me, and I am Your servant. I remain faithful to Your covenant and promise as best I can. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge Your blessing upon me, and I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You» [خ، س، د، ق، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ مَنْ ذُكِرَ، وَأَحَقُّ مَنْ عُبِدَ، وَأَنْصَرُ مَنِ ابْتُغِيَ، وَأَرْأَفُ مَنْ مَلَكَ، وَأَجْوَدُ مَنْ سُئِلَ، وَأَوْسَعُ مَنْ أَعْطَى، أَنْتَ الْمَلِكُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، وَالْفَرْدُ لَا نِدَّ لَكَ، كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَكَ، لَنْ تُطَاعَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِكَ، وَلَنْ تُعْصَى إِلَّا بِعِلْمِكَ، تُطَاعُ فَتَشْكُرُ، وَتُعْصَى فَتَغْفِرُ،

«Allāhumma ʾanta ʾaḥaqqu man dhukira, wa-ʾaḥaqqu man ʿubida, wa-ʾanṣaru mani ubtughiya, wa-ʾarʾafu man malaka, wa-ʾajwadu man suʾila, wa-ʾawsaʿu man ʾaʿṭā, ʾanta al-maliku lā sharīka laka, wa-l-fardu lā nidda laka, kullu shayʾin hālikun ʾillā wajhaka, lan tuṭāʿa ʾillā bi-ʾidhnika, wa-lan tuʿṣā ʾillā biʿilmika, tuṭāʿu fa-tashkuru, wa-tuʿṣā fa-taghfiru,

«O Allah, You are the most worthy of all who are remembered and the most worthy of all who are worshipped; the most ready to grant victory of all whose help is sought; the most compassionate of all who rule; the most generous of all who are asked; and the most bountiful of all who give. You are the King with no partner, and the One with no rival. Everything will perish except Your Countenance. You are obeyed only by Your permission and disobeyed only with Your knowledge. You are obeyed and You show appreciation; You are disobeyed and You forgive.

أَقْرَبُ شَهِيدٍ، وَأَدْنَى حَفِيظٍ، حُلْتَ دُونَ النُّفُوسِ، وَأَخَذْتَ بِالنَّوَاصِي، وَكَتَبْتَ الْآثَارَ، وَنَسَخْتَ الْآجَالَ، الْقُلُوبُ لَكَ مُفْضِيَةٌ(٣)، وَالسِّرُّ عِنْدَكَ عَلَانِيَةٌ، الْحَلَالُ مَا أَحْلَلْتَ، وَالْحَرَامُ مَا حَرَّمْتَ، وَالدِّينُ مَا شَرَعْتَ، وَالْأَمْرُ مَا قَضَيْتَ، وَالْخَلْقُ خَلْقُكَ، وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ،

ʾaqrabu shahīdin, wa-ʾadnā ḥafīẓin, ḥulta dūna al-nufūsi, wa-ʾakhadhta bi-l-nawāṣī, wa-katabta al-ʾāthāra, wa-nasakhta al-ʾājāla, al-qulūbu laka mufḍiyatun(3), wa-l-sirru ʿindaka ʿalāniyatun, al-ḥalālu mā ʾaḥlalta, wa-l-ḥarāmu mā ḥarramta, wa-l-dīnu mā sharaʿta, wa-l-ʾamru mā qaḍayta, wa-l-khalqu khalquka, wa-l-ʿabdu ʿabduka,

You are the nearest Witness and the closest Guardian. You stand between souls, grasp them by their forelocks, record their deeds, and inscribe their appointed terms. Hearts lie open before You(3), and every secret is open to You. The lawful is what You have made lawful, the forbidden is what You have forbidden, the religion is what You have ordained, the command is what You have decreed, creation is Your creation, and the servant is Your servant.

وَأَنْتَ اللَّهُ الرَّؤُوفُ الرَّحِيمُ، أَسْأَلُكَ بِنُورِ وَجْهِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ، وَبِكُلِّ حَقٍّ هُوَ لَكَ، وَبِحَقِّ السَّائِلِينَ عَلَيْكَ(٤) أَنْ تُقِيلَنِي فِي هَذِهِ الْغَدَاةِ(٥)، وَفِي هَذِهِ الْعَشِيَّةِ، وَأَنْ تُجِيرَنِي مِنَ النَّارِ بِقُدْرَتِكَ» [ط، طب].

wa-ʾanta Allāhu al-raʾūfu al-raḥīmu, ʾasʾaluka binūri wajhika alladhī ʾashraqat lahu al-samāwātu wa-l-ʾarḍu, wa-bikulli ḥaqqin huwa laka, wa-biḥaqqi al-sāʾilīna ʿalayka(4) ʾan tuqīlanī fī hādhihi al-ghadāti(5), wa-fī hādhihi al-ʿashiyyati, wa-ʾan tujīranī mina al-nāri biqudratika» [ط، طب].

You are Allah, the Most Kind, the Most Merciful. I ask You by the light of Your Countenance, through which the heavens and earth shine, by every right that belongs to You, and by the right that those who ask have upon You(4), to pardon me this morning(5) and this evening, and to protect me from the Fire by Your power» [ط، طب].

(١) أَيْ مَا عَاهَدْتُكَ عَلَيْهِ وَوَاعَدْتُكَ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ وَإِخْلَاصِ الطَّاعَةِ لَكَ، وَقِيلَ الْعَهْدُ مَا أُخِذَ فِي عَالَمِ الذَّرِّ، وَالْوَعْدُ مَا جَاءَ عَلَى لِسَانِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ مَنْ مَاتَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ»، وَمَعْنَى مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ مُدَّةُ دَوَامِ اسْتِطَاعَتِي.

(1) ʾay mā ʿāhadtuka ʿalayhi wa-wāʿadtuka mina al-ʾīmāni wa-ʾikhlāṣi al-ṭāʿati laka, wa-qīla al-ʿahdu mā ʾukhidha fī ʿālami al-dharri, wa-l-waʿdu mā jāʾa ʿalā lisāni al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «ʾinna man māta lā yushriku bi-llāhi dakhala al-jannata», wa-maʿnā mā istaṭaʿtu muddatu dawāmi istiṭāʿatī.

(1) That is, what I covenanted and promised You regarding faith and sincere obedience to You. It is also said that this is the primordial covenant, while the promise is what came upon the tongue of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): «Whoever dies without associating anything with Allah will enter Paradise.» “As best I can” means for as long as my ability endures.

(٢) مَعْنَى أَبُوءُ لَكَ: أَعْتَرِفُ وَأَلْتَزِمُ.

(2) maʿnā ʾabūʾu laka: ʾaʿtarifu wa-ʾaltazimu.

(2) “I acknowledge before You” means: I admit it and accept responsibility for it.

(٣) أَيْ مُنْكَشِفَةٌ لِلَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ يَرَاهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِيهِمَا وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ حِجَابٌ. وَقِيلَ مُتَّسِعَةٌ مَشْرُوحَةٌ.

(3) ʾay munkashifatun li-llāhi subḥānahu yarāhā wa-yaʿlamu mā fīhimā wa-laysa baynahā wa-baynahu ḥijābun. wa-qīla muttasiʿatun mashrūḥatun.

(3) That is, hearts are laid bare before Allah—Glory be to Him. He sees them and knows what is within them, and no veil lies between them and Him. It is also said to mean that they are expansive and open.

(٤) قَالَ الشَّوْكَانِيُّ: حَقُّ السَّائِلِينَ عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِذَا لَمْ يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا أَدْخَلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ،

(4) qāla al-shawkāniyyu: ḥaqqu al-sāʾilīna ʿalā rabbihim ʾannahum ʾidhā lam yushrikū bihi shayʾan ʾadkhalahumu al-jannata,

(4) Al-Shawkani said: the right that those who ask have upon their Lord is that if they do not associate anything with Him, He will admit them to Paradise.

وَيُمْكِنُ أَنْ يُرَادَ أَنَّ حَقَّ السَّائِلِينَ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُجِيبَ دُعَاءَهُمْ كَمَا وَعَدَهُمْ بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ﴾، وَبِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ﴾.

wa-yumkinu ʾan yurāda ʾanna ḥaqqa al-sāʾilīna ʿalā Allāhi ʾan yujība duʿāʾahum kamā waʿadahum biqawlihi: ﴿udʿūnī ʾastajib lakum﴾, wa-biqawlihi: ﴿wa-ʾidhā saʾalaka ʿibādī ʿannī fa-ʾinnī qarībun ʾujību daʿwata al-dāʿi ʾidhā daʿāni﴾.

It may also mean that their right upon Allah is that He answer their prayer, as He promised them in His words: ﴿Call upon Me; I will answer you﴾, and in His words: ﴿When My servants ask you about Me, I am indeed near; I answer the prayer of the one who calls when he calls upon Me﴾.

(٥) مِنَ الْإِقَالَةِ، يُقَالُ أَقَالَ عَثْرَتَهُ إِذَا تَجَاوَزَ عَنْهُ، فَالْمَعْنَى أَنْ تَتَجَاوَزَ عَنْ ذُنُوبِي فِي هَذِهِ الْغَدَاةِ.

(5) mina al-ʾiqālati, yuqālu ʾaqāla ʿathratahu ʾidhā tajāwaza ʿanhu, fa-l-maʿnā ʾan tatajāwaza ʿan dhunūbī fī hādhihi al-ghadāti.

(5) This derives from iqalah. It is said, “He overlooked his stumble,” when he pardoned him. Thus it means: that You pardon my sins this morning.

 

«حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ، وَهُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ - سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ -» [ي].

«ḥasbiya Allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa, ʿalayhi tawakkaltu, wa-huwa rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi - sabʿa marrātin -» [ي].

«Allah is sufficient for me. There is no deity but Him. In Him I place my trust, and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne—seven times» [ي].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ. عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ» [س، حب، أ، ط، ي].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun. ʿashra marrātin» [س، حب، أ، ط، ي].

«There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and He has power over all things—ten times» [س، حب، أ، ط، ي].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ» [د، عو] «وَبِحَمْدِهِ - مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ -» [م، د، ت، س، مص، حب، عو].

«subḥāna Allāhi al-ʿaẓīmi» [د، عو] «wa-biḥamdihi - miʾata marratin -» [م، د، ت، س، مص، حب، عو].

«Glory be to Allah, the Magnificent» [د، عو], «and praise be to Him—one hundred times» [م، د، ت، س، مص، حب، عو].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ: مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ: مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ: مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ: مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [ت].

«subḥāna Allāhi: miʾata marratin, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi: miʾata marratin, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu: miʾata marratin, Allāhu ʾakbaru: miʾata marratin» [ت].

«Glory be to Allah: one hundred times; all praise is due to Allah: one hundred times; there is no deity but Allah: one hundred times; Allah is the Greatest: one hundred times» [ت].

وَيُصَلِّي عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ [ط].

wa-yuṣallī ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿashra marrātin [ط].

And he should invoke blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ten times [ط].

وَإِنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِهَمٍّ أَوْ دَيْنٍ

wa-ʾini ubtuliya bihammin ʾaw daynin

If he is afflicted by worry or debt,

فَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْعَجْزِ وَالْكَسَلِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ وَالْبُخْلِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ غَلَبَةِ الدَّيْنِ وَقَهْرِ الرِّجَالِ»(١) [د].

fa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-hammi wa-l-ḥazani, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-ʿajzi wa-l-kasali, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-jubni wa-l-bukhli, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ghalabati al-dayni wa-qahri al-rijāli»(1) [د].

let him say: «O Allah, I seek refuge in You from worry and sorrow; I seek refuge in You from helplessness and laziness; I seek refuge in You from cowardice and miserliness; and I seek refuge in You from the burden of debt and the domination of men»(1) [د].

إِلَى هُنَا يُقَالُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ وَالْمَسَاءِ جَمِيعًا. وَلَكِنْ يُقَالُ فِي الْمَسَاءِ مَكَانَ (أَصْبَحَ): (أَمْسَى)، وَمَكَانَ (هَذَا الْيَوْمِ): (اللَّيْلَةِ)، وَمَكَانَ التَّذْكِيرِ: التَّأْنِيثُ، كَمَا كَتَبْنَاهُ بِالْحُمْرَةِ فَوْقَ كُلِّ كَلِمَةٍ(٢).

ʾilā hunā yuqālu fī al-ṣabāḥi wa-l-masāʾi jamīʿan. wa-lākin yuqālu fī al-masāʾi makāna (ʾaṣbaḥa): (ʾamsā), wa-makāna (hādhā al-yawmi): (al-laylati), wa-makāna al-tadhkīri: al-taʾnīthu, kamā katabnāhu bi-l-ḥumrati fawqa kulli kalimatin(2).

Everything up to this point is said both morning and evening. In the evening, however, “we have entered the evening” is said in place of “we have entered the morning,” “this night” in place of “this day,” and feminine forms in place of masculine forms, as we have written in red above each word(2).

وَيُزَادُ فِي الْمَسَاءِ فَقَطْ:

wa-yuzādu fī al-masāʾi fa-qaṭ:

The following is added in the evening only:

«أَمْسَيْنَا وَأَمْسَى الْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي يُمْسِكُ

«ʾamsaynā wa-ʾamsā al-mulku li-llāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi alladhī yumsiku

«We have entered the evening, and all dominion belongs to Allah this evening. All praise is due to Allah. I seek refuge in Allah, who holds back

(١) قَوْلُهُ: الْهَمُّ؛ هُوَ الْغَمُّ عَلَى الْفَائِتِ، قِيلَ: الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الْهَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ أَنَّ الْهَمَّ إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ لِأَمْرٍ مُتَوَقَّعٍ وَأَنَّ الْحَزَنَ يَكُونُ مِنْ أَمْرٍ قَدْ وَقَعَ، وَقِيلَ إِنَّ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ الْحَزَنَ عَلَى الْمَاضِي وَالْهَمَّ لِلْمُسْتَقْبَلِ.

(1) qawluhu: al-hammu; huwa al-ghammu ʿalā al-fāʾiti, qīla: al-farqu bayna al-hammi wa-l-ḥazani ʾanna al-hamma ʾinnamā yakūnu li-ʾamrin mutawaqqaʿin wa-ʾanna al-ḥazana yakūnu min ʾamrin qad wa-qaʿa, wa-qīla ʾinna al-farqa baynahumā ʾanna al-ḥazana ʿalā al-māḍī wa-l-hamma li-l-mustaqbali.

(1) The word hamm means grief over what has been missed. It is said that the difference between worry and sorrow is that worry concerns something anticipated, whereas sorrow concerns something that has already occurred. It is also said that sorrow relates to the past and worry to the future.

وَقَوْلُهُ: الْعَجْزُ: الْعَجْزُ ضِدُّ الْقُدْرَةِ وَأَصْلُهُ التَّأَخُّرُ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ، اسْتُعْمِلَ فِي مُقَابَلَةِ الْقُدْرَةِ.

wa-qawluhu: al-ʿajzu: al-ʿajzu ḍiddu al-qudrati wa-ʾaṣluhu al-taʾakhkhuru ʿani al-shayʾi, ustuʿmila fī muqābalati al-qudrati.

The word ‘ajz means helplessness, the opposite of ability. Its root sense is falling behind something, and it came to be used as the opposite of ability.

وَقَوْلُهُ: الْكَسَلُ: هُوَ التَّثَاقُلُ عَنِ الْأُمُورِ. وَقَوْلُهُ الْجُبْنُ: هُوَ صِفَةُ الْجَبَانِ، وَهُوَ الْمَهَابَةُ لِلْأَشْيَاءِ وَالتَّأَخُّرُ عَنْ فِعْلِهَا. وَإِنَّمَا تَعَوَّذَ مِنْهُ لِأَنَّهُ يُؤَدِّي إِلَى عَدَمِ الْقِيَامِ بِفَرِيضَةِ الْجِهَادِ وَالصَّدْعِ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنْكَارِ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ.

wa-qawluhu: al-kasalu: huwa al-tathāqulu ʿani al-ʾumūri. wa-qawluhu al-jubnu: huwa ṣifatu al-jabāni, wa-huwa al-mahābatu li-l-ʾashyāʾi wa-l-taʾakhkhuru ʿan fiʿlihā. wa-ʾinnamā taʿawwadha minhu liʾannahu yuʾaddī ʾilā ʿadami al-qiyāmi bifarīḍati al-jihādi wa-l-ṣadʿi bi-l-ḥaqqi wa-ʾinkāri al-munkarāti.

The word kasal means feeling too heavy to act. Jubn is the quality of a coward: fear of things and shrinking back from doing them. Refuge is sought from it because it leads to failure to fulfill the duty of jihad, proclaim the truth openly, and denounce wrongs.

وَقَوْلُهُ: وَقَهْرُ الرِّجَالِ: هُوَ شِدَّةُ تَسَلُّطِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ تَغَلُّبًا وَجَدَلًا.

wa-qawluhu: wa-qahru al-rijāli: huwa shiddatu tasalluṭihim bighayri ḥaqqin taghalluban wa-jadalan.

The phrase “the domination of men” means their forceful and unjust control through overpowering and contention.

(٢) هَذَا فِي النُّسَخِ الْمَخْطُوطَةِ، أَمَّا فِي هَذِهِ النُّسْخَةِ فَوُضِعَتْ بِحَرْفٍ صَغِيرٍ فَوْقَ كُلِّ كَلِمَةٍ.

(2) hādhā fī al-nusakhi al-makhṭūṭati, ʾammā fī hādhihi al-nuskhati fa-wuḍiʿat biḥarfin ṣaghīrin fawqa kulli kalimatin.

(2) This applies to the manuscript copies. In this edition, the forms have been placed in small type above each word.

 

السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ وَذَرَأَ وَبَرَأَ» [ط].

al-samāʾa ʾan taqaʿa ʿalā al-ʾarḍi ʾillā bi-ʾidhnihi, min sharri mā khalaqa wa-dharaʾa wa-baraʾa» [ط].

the sky from falling upon the earth except by His permission, from the evil of everything He has created, brought forth, and fashioned» [ط].

وَيُزَادُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ فَقَطْ:

wa-yuzādu fī al-ṣabāḥi fa-qaṭ:

The following is added in the morning only:

«أَصْبَحْنَا وَأَصْبَحَ الْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ، وَالْكِبْرِيَاءُ، وَالْعَظَمَةُ، وَالْخَلْقُ، وَالْأَمْرُ، وَاللَّيْلُ، وَالنَّهَارُ، وَمَا يَضْحَى(١) فِيهِمَا، لِلَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ أَوَّلَ هَذَا النَّهَارِ صَلَاحًا، وَأَوْسَطَهُ فَلَاحًا، وَآخِرَهُ نَجَاحًا، أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ» [مص].

«ʾaṣbaḥnā wa-ʾaṣbaḥa al-mulku li-llāhi, wa-l-kibriyāʾu, wa-l-ʿaẓamatu, wa-l-khalqu, wa-l-ʾamru, wa-l-laylu, wa-l-nahāru, wa-mā yaḍḥā(1) fīhimā, li-llāhi waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, Allāhumma ijʿal ʾawwala hādhā al-nahāri ṣalāḥan, wa-ʾawsaṭahu fa-lāḥan, wa-ʾākhirahu najāḥan, ʾasʾaluka khayra al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati, yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna» [مص].

«We have entered the morning, and all dominion belongs to Allah this morning. Grandeur, greatness, creation, command, night, day, and all that appears(1) within them belong to Allah alone, with no partner. O Allah, make the beginning of this day sound, its middle prosperous, and its end successful. I ask You for the good of this world and the Hereafter, O Most Merciful of the merciful» [مص].

«لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ، وَالْخَيْرُ فِي يَدَيْكَ، وَمِنْكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، اللَّهُمَّ مَا قُلْتُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ، أَوْ حَلَفْتُ مِنْ حَلِفٍ، أَوْ نَذَرْتُ مِنْ نَذْرٍ، فَمَشِيئَتُكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ، مَا شِئْتَ كَانَ، وَمَا لَمْ تَشَأْ لَا يَكُونُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ، إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ،

«labbayka Allāhumma labbayka, labbayka wa-saʿdayka, wa-l-khayru fī yadayka, wa-minka wa-ʾilayka, Allāhumma mā qultu min qawlin, ʾaw ḥalaftu min ḥalifin, ʾaw nadhartu min nadhrin, fa-mashīʾatuka bayna yaday dhālika kullihi, mā shiʾta kāna, wa-mā lam tashaʾ lā yakūnu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bika, ʾinnaka ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun,

«Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am. Here I am at Your service and eager to please You. All good is in Your hands, comes from You, and returns to You. O Allah, whatever words I have spoken, oath I have sworn, or vow I have made, Your will precedes all of it. Whatever You will comes to pass, and whatever You do not will does not come to pass. There is no power and no strength except through You. You have power over all things.

اللَّهُمَّ مَا صَلَّيْتُ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ فَعَلَى مَنْ صَلَّيْتَ، وَمَا لَعَنْتُ مِنْ لَعْنٍ فَعَلَى مَنْ لَعَنْتَ، ﴿أَنْتَ وَلِيِّي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ تَوَفَّنِي مُسْلِمًا وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالصَّالِحِينَ﴾ [يُوسُفَ: ١٠١]» [ي].

Allāhumma mā ṣallaytu min ṣalātin fa-ʿalā man ṣallayta, wa-mā laʿantu min laʿnin fa-ʿalā man laʿanta, ﴿ʾanta waliyyī fī al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati tawaffanī musliman wa-ʾalḥiqnī bi-l-ṣāliḥīna﴾ [yūsufa: 101]» [ي].

O Allah, whatever blessing I have invoked, let it be upon whomever You have blessed; and whatever curse I have uttered, let it be upon whomever You have cursed. ﴿You are my Guardian in this world and the Hereafter. Let me die as a Muslim and join me with the righteous﴾ [يُوسُفَ: ١٠١]» [ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الرِّضَا بَعْدَ الْقَضَاءِ، وَبَرْدَ الْعَيْشِ(٢) بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَلَذَّةَ النَّظَرِ إِلَى وَجْهِكَ، وَشَوْقًا إِلَى لِقَائِكَ، فِي غَيْرِ ضَرَّاءَ مُضِرَّةٍ(٣)، وَلَا فِتْنَةٍ مُضِلَّةٍ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ، أَوْ أَعْتَدِيَ أَوْ يُعْتَدَى عَلَيَّ، أَوْ أَكْسِبَ خَطِيئَةً أَوْ ذَنْبًا لَا تَغْفِرُهُ،

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-riḍā baʿda al-qaḍāʾi, wa-barda al-ʿayshi(2) baʿda al-mawti, wa-ladhdhata al-naẓari ʾilā wajhika, wa-shawqan ʾilā liqāʾika, fī ghayri ḍarrāʾa muḍirratin(3), wa-lā fitnatin muḍillatin, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾaẓlima ʾaw ʾuẓlama, ʾaw ʾaʿtadiya ʾaw yuʿtadā ʿalayya, ʾaw ʾaksiba khaṭīʾatan ʾaw dhanban lā taghfiruhu,

«O Allah, I ask You for contentment after Your decree, the cool comfort of life(2) after death, the delight of gazing upon Your Countenance, and longing to meet You, without suffering harmful adversity(3) or a trial that leads astray. I seek refuge in You from wronging or being wronged, transgressing or being transgressed against, and committing an offense or a sin that You do not forgive.

اللَّهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، فَإِنِّي أَعْهَدُ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأُشْهِدُكَ - وَكَفَى بِكَ شَهِيدًا - أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، لَكَ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ،

Allāhumma fāṭira al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, ʿālima al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi, fa-ʾinnī ʾaʿhadu ʾilayka fī hādhihi al-ḥayāti al-dunyā, wa-ʾushhiduka - wa-kafā bika shahīdan - ʾannī ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, laka al-mulku, wa-laka al-ḥamdu, wa-ʾanta ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun,

O Allah, Originator of the heavens and earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, Possessor of Majesty and Honor, I make a covenant with You in this worldly life and call You to witness—and You suffice as a witness—that I bear witness that there is no deity but You alone, with no partner. Yours is the dominion, Yours is all praise, and You have power over all things.

وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ وَعْدَكَ حَقٌّ، وَلِقَاءَكَ حَقٌّ، وَالسَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا، وَأَنَّكَ تَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي الْقُبُورِ،

wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna waʿdaka ḥaqqun, wa-liqāʾaka ḥaqqun, wa-l-sāʿata ʾātiyatun lā rayba fīhā, wa-ʾannaka tabʿathu man fī al-qubūri,

I bear witness that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger. I bear witness that Your promise is true, meeting You is true, the Hour is surely coming with no doubt in it, and You will raise those who are in the graves.

وَأَنَّكَ إِنْ تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي، تَكِلْنِي إِلَى ضَعْفٍ وَعَوْرَةٍ، وَذَنْبٍ وَخَطِيئَةٍ، وَإِنِّي لَا أَثِقُ إِلَّا بِرَحْمَتِكَ، فَاغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي كُلَّهَا، إِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَتُبْ عَلَيَّ، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ» [مس، أ، ط].

wa-ʾannaka ʾin takilnī ʾilā nafsī, takilnī ʾilā ḍaʿfin wa-ʿawratin, wa-dhanbin wa-khaṭīʾatin, wa-ʾinnī lā ʾathiqu ʾillā biraḥmatika, fa-ighfir lī dhunūbī kullahā, ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta, wa-tub ʿalayya, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-tawwābu al-raḥīmu» [مس، أ، ط].

I bear witness that if You leave me to myself, You leave me to weakness, vulnerability, sin, and error. I trust in nothing but Your mercy, so forgive me all my sins, for none forgives sins but You, and accept my repentance. You are the Accepter of Repentance, the Most Merciful» [مس، أ، ط].

(١) أَيْ يَبْرُزُ وَيَظْهَرُ.

(1) ʾay yabruzu wa-yaẓharu.

(1) That is, comes forth and appears.

(٢) أَيِ الرَّاحَةُ الدَّائِمَةُ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ فِي الْبَرْزَخِ وَالْقِيَامَةِ. وَأَصْلُ الْبَرْدِ فِي الْكَلَامِ السُّهُولَةُ.

(2) ʾayi al-rāḥatu al-dāʾimatu baʿda al-mawti fī al-barzakhi wa-l-qiyāmati. wa-ʾaṣlu al-bardi fī al-kalāmi al-suhūlatu.

(2) That is, lasting ease after death in the intermediate state (barzakh) and on the Day of Resurrection. The basic sense of “coolness” in this expression is ease.

(٣) الضَّرَّاءُ: الْحَالَةُ الَّتِي تَضُرُّ، وَهِيَ نَقِيضُ السَّرَّاءِ.

(3) al-ḍarrāʾu: al-ḥālatu allatī taḍurru, wa-hiya naqīḍu al-sarrāʾi.

(3) Darra’ means a condition that causes harm, and it is the opposite of prosperity.

 

فَإِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَالَ:

fa-ʾidhā ṭalaʿati al-shamsu qāla:

When the sun rises, he should say:

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَقَالَنَا(١) يَوْمَنَا هَذَا، وَلَمْ يُهْلِكْنَا بِذُنُوبِنَا» [مو، م].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaqālanā(1) yawmanā hādhā, wa-lam yuhliknā bidhunūbinā» [مو، م].

«All praise is due to Allah, who has spared us(1) on this day of ours and has not destroyed us for our sins» [مو، م].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَهَبَنَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ، وَأَقَالَنَا فِيهِ عَثَرَاتِنَا، وَلَمْ يُعَذِّبْنَا بِالنَّارِ» [مو، ط، ي].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī wahabanā hādhā al-yawma, wa-ʾaqālanā fīhi ʿatharātinā, wa-lam yuʿadhdhibnā bi-l-nāri» [مو، ط، ي].

«All praise is due to Allah, who has granted us this day, overlooked our stumbles during it, and has not punished us with the Fire» [مو، ط، ي].

ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ [ت، ط].

thumma yuṣallī rakʿatayni [ت، ط].

Then he should pray two rak‘ahs [ت، ط].

عَنِ اللَّهِ(٢): «ابْنَ آدَمَ، ارْكَعْ لِي أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ أَكْفِكَ آخِرَهُ» [ت، د، س].

ʿani Allāhi(2): «ibna ʾādama, irkaʿ lī ʾarbaʿa rakaʿātin ʾawwala al-nahāri ʾakfika ʾākhirahu» [ت، د، س].

Allah says(2): «Child of Adam, perform four rak‘ahs for Me at the beginning of the day, and I will suffice you through its end» [ت، د، س].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي النَّهَارِ:

mā yuqālu fī al-nahāri:

What to Say During the Day:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ. مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [خ، م، ت، س، ق، مص]، مِئَتَيْ مَرَّةٍ [أ].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun. miʾata marratin» [خ، م، ت، س، ق، مص], miʾatay marratin [أ].

«There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and He has power over all things—one hundred times» [خ، م، ت، س، ق، مص], or two hundred times [أ].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ. مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [م، ت، س، مص].

«subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi. miʾata marratin» [م، ت، س، مص].

«Glory and praise be to Allah—one hundred times» [م، ت، س، مص].

«مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ بِاللَّهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ؛ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مَلَكًا يَرُدُّ عَنْهُ الشَّيَاطِينَ» [ص].

«mani istaʿādha bi-llāhi fī al-yawmi ʿashra marrātin mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi; wakkala Allāhu bihi malakan yaruddu ʿanhu al-shayāṭīna» [ص].

«Whoever seeks refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan ten times during the day, Allah appoints an angel over him to repel the devils from him» [ص].

«مَنِ اسْتَغْفَرَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ مَرَّةً، أَوْ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ مَرَّةً - أَحَدَ الْعَدَدَيْنِ - كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ، وَيُرْزَقُ بِهِمْ أَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ» [ط].

«mani istaghfara li-l-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti kulla yawmin sabʿan wa-ʿishrīna marratan, ʾaw khamsan wa-ʿishrīna marratan - ʾaḥada al-ʿadadayni - kāna mina alladhīna yustajābu lahum, wa-yurzaqu bihim ʾahlu al-ʾarḍi» [ط].

«Whoever seeks forgiveness every day for the believing men and women twenty-seven times, or twenty-five times—one of the two numbers—will be among those whose prayers are answered and through whom the people of earth are provided for» [ط].

«أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَكْسِبَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ أَلْفَ حَسَنَةٍ؟! يُسَبِّحُ مِائَةَ تَسْبِيحَةٍ، فَيُكْتَبُ لَهُ أَلْفُ حَسَنَةٍ، أَوْ يُحَطُّ [م] - وَيُحَطُّ [ت، س، حب] - عَنْهُ أَلْفُ خَطِيئَةٍ» [م، ت، س، حب].

«ʾayaʿjizu ʾaḥadukum ʾan yaksiba kulla yawmin ʾalfa ḥasanatin?! yusabbiḥu miʾata tasbīḥatin, fa-yuktabu lahu ʾalfu ḥasanatin, ʾaw yuḥaṭṭu [م] - wa-yuḥaṭṭu [ت، س، حب] - ʿanhu ʾalfu khaṭīʾatin» [م، ت، س، حب].

«Is any one of you unable to earn one thousand good deeds each day? He glorifies Allah one hundred times, and one thousand good deeds are recorded for him, or [م]—and [ت، س، حب]—one thousand sins are removed from him» [م، ت، س، حب].

وَلْيَقُلْ عِنْدَ أَذَانِ الْمَغْرِبِ:

wa-lyaqul ʿinda ʾadhāni al-maghribi:

At the sunset call to prayer, let him say:

«اللَّهُمَّ هَذَا إِقْبَالُ لَيْلِكَ، وَإِدْبَارُ نَهَارِكَ، وَأَصْوَاتُ دُعَاتِكَ، فَاغْفِرْ لِي» [د، ت، مس].

«Allāhumma hādhā ʾiqbālu laylika, wa-ʾidbāru nahārika, wa-ʾaṣwātu duʿātika, fa-ighfir lī» [د، ت، مس].

«O Allah, this is the arrival of Your night, the departure of Your day, and the voices of those who call to You, so forgive me» [د، ت، مس].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي اللَّيْلِ:

mā yuqālu fī al-layli:

What to Say at Night:

﴿آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ﴾ الْآيَتَيْنِ أَوَاخِرَ الْبَقَرَةِ [ع].

﴿ʾāmana al-rasūlu﴾ al-ʾāyatayni ʾawākhira al-baqarati [ع].

The two verses beginning ﴿The Messenger believes﴾ at the end of Surat al-Baqarah [ع].

(١) مَنَعَنَا وَأَبْعَدَنَا عَنِ الْهَلَاكِ.

(1) manaʿanā wa-ʾabʿadanā ʿani al-halāki.

(1) He protected us and kept us far from destruction.

(٢) حَدِيثٌ قُدْسِيٌّ.

(2) ḥadīthun qudsiyyun.

(2) This is a sacred hadith.

 

﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١] [خ، م، س].

﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾ [al-ʾikhlāṣi: 1] [خ، م، س].

﴿Say: He is Allah, the One﴾ [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١] [خ، م، س].

وَقِرَاءَةُ مِائَةِ آيَةٍ [مس].

wa-qirāʾatu miʾati ʾāyatin [مس].

And the recitation of one hundred verses [مس].

وَقِرَاءَةُ عَشْرِ آيَاتٍ [مس].

wa-qirāʾatu ʿashri ʾāyātin [مس].

And the recitation of ten verses [مس].

وَقِرَاءَةُ عَشْرِ آيَاتٍ: أَرْبَعٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَآيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ، وَآيَتَيْنِ بَعْدَهَا(١)، وَخَوَاتِيمِهَا [مو، ط].

wa-qirāʾatu ʿashri ʾāyātin: ʾarbaʿin min ʾawwali al-baqarati, wa-ʾāyati al-kursiyyi, wa-ʾāyatayni baʿdahā(1), wa-khawātīmihā [مو، ط].

And the recitation of ten verses: four from the beginning of Surat al-Baqarah, the Throne Verse, the two verses after it(1), and the closing verses of the surah [مو، ط].

وَقِرَاءَةُ «يٰسٓ» [حب].

wa-qirāʾatu «Yā Sīn» [حب].

And the recitation of «Ya Sin» [حب].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ جَمِيعًا:

mā yuqālu fī al-layli wa-l-nahāri jamīʿan:

What to Say Both Night and Day:

«سَيِّدُ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبِّي، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، خَلَقْتَنِي وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، وَأَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ، أَبُوءُ لَكَ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، وَأَبُوءُ بِذَنْبِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ.

«sayyidu al-istighfāri: Allāhumma ʾanta rabbī, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, khalaqtanī wa-ʾanā ʿabduka, wa-ʾanā ʿalā ʿahdika wa-waʿdika mā istaṭaʿtu, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ṣanaʿtu, ʾabūʾu laka biniʿmatika ʿalayya, wa-ʾabūʾu bidhanbī, fa-ighfir lī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta.

«The foremost formula for seeking forgiveness is: O Allah, You are my Lord. There is no deity but You. You created me, and I am Your servant. I remain faithful to Your covenant and promise as best I can. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge Your blessing upon me, and I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You.

مَنْ قَالَهَا مِنَ النَّهَارِ مُوقِنًا بِهَا فَمَاتَ، فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَمَنْ قَالَهَا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَهُوَ مُوقِنٌ بِهَا، فَمَاتَ، فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ» [خ، س].

man qālahā mina al-nahāri mūqinan bihā fa-māta, fa-huwa min ʾahli al-jannati, wa-man qālahā mina al-layli wa-huwa mūqinun bihā, fa-māta, fa-huwa min ʾahli al-jannati» [خ، س].

Whoever says it during the day with certainty in it and then dies is among the people of Paradise; and whoever says it during the night with certainty in it and then dies is among the people of Paradise» [خ، س].

«مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ.

«man qāla: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-lā sharīka lahu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi.

«Whoever says: There is no deity but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest. There is no deity but Allah alone. There is no deity but Allah, with no partner. There is no deity but Allah; His is the dominion and His is all praise. There is no deity but Allah, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah—

فِي يَوْمٍ، أَوْ فِي لَيْلَةٍ، أَوْ فِي شَهْرٍ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، أَوْ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ، أَوْ فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرِ، غُفِرَ لَهُ ذَنْبُهُ» [س].

fī yawmin, ʾaw fī laylatin, ʾaw fī shahrin, thumma māta fī dhālika al-yawmi, ʾaw fī tilka al-laylati, ʾaw fī dhālika al-shahri, ghufira lahu dhanbuhu» [س].

during a day, a night, or a month—and then dies during that day, that night, or that month, will have his sin forgiven» [س].

دَعَا ﷺ سَلْمَانَ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَمْنَحَكَ كَلِمَاتٍ مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ، تَرْغَبُ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِنَّ، وَتَدْعُو بِهِنَّ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ صِحَّةً فِي إِيمَانٍ، وَإِيمَانًا فِي حُسْنِ خُلُقٍ، وَنَجَاحًا يَتْبَعُهُ فَلَاحٌ(٢)، وَرَحْمَةً مِنْكَ وَعَافِيَةً، وَمَغْفِرَةً مِنْكَ وَرِضْوَانًا» [طس].

daʿā ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam salmāna fa-qāla: «ʾinna nabiyya Allāhi yurīdu ʾan yamnaḥaka kalimātin mina al-raḥmāni, targhabu ʾilayhi fīhinna, wa-tadʿū bihinna fī al-layli wa-l-nahāri: Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ṣiḥḥatan fī ʾīmānin, wa-ʾīmānan fī ḥusni khuluqin, wa-najāḥan yatbaʿuhu fa-lāḥun(2), wa-raḥmatan minka wa-ʿāfiyatan, wa-maghfiratan minka wa-riḍwānan» [طس].

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned Salman and said: «The Prophet of Allah wishes to grant you words from the Most Compassionate with which you may turn to Him and supplicate night and day: O Allah, I ask You for bodily health accompanied by faith, faith accompanied by good character, success followed by ultimate felicity(2), mercy and well-being from You, and forgiveness and pleasure from You» [طس].

(١) أَيْ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ.

(1) ʾay sūratu al-baqarati.

(1) That is, Surat al-Baqarah.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: صِحَّةً فِي إِيمَانٍ: أَيْ صِحَّةً فِي بَدَنِي مَعَ إِيمَانٍ فِي قَلْبِي، وَقَوْلُهُ: إِيمَانًا فِي حُسْنِ خُلُقٍ: أَيْ أَسْأَلُكَ إِيمَانًا يَتْبَعُهُ حُسْنُ خُلُقٍ.

(2) qawluhu: ṣiḥḥatan fī ʾīmānin: ʾay ṣiḥḥatan fī badanī maʿa ʾīmānin fī qalbī, wa-qawluhu: ʾīmānan fī ḥusni khuluqin: ʾay ʾasʾaluka ʾīmānan yatbaʿuhu ḥusnu khuluqin.

(2) The words “bodily health accompanied by faith” mean health in my body together with faith in my heart. “Faith accompanied by good character” means: I ask You for faith followed by good character.

وَقَوْلُهُ: وَنَجَاحًا يَتْبَعُهُ فَلَاحٌ: النَّجَاحُ حُصُولُ الْمَطْلُوبِ وَالْفَلَاحُ الْفَوْزُ بِالْغَايَةِ.

wa-qawluhu: wa-najāḥan yatbaʿuhu fa-lāḥun: al-najāḥu ḥuṣūlu al-maṭlūbi wa-l-falāḥu al-fawzu bi-l-ghāyati.

The words “success followed by ultimate felicity” mean that success is obtaining what is sought, while felicity is attaining the final goal.

 

وَإِذَا دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ

wa-ʾidhā dakhala baytahu fa-lyaqul

When he enters his home, let him say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ الْمَوْلِجِ، وَخَيْرَ الْمَخْرَجِ، بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَلَجْنَا، وَبِاسْمِ اللَّهِ خَرَجْنَا، وَعَلَى اللَّهِ رَبِّنَا تَوَكَّلْنَا. ثُمَّ لِيُسَلِّمْ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayra al-mawliji, wa-khayra al-makhraji, bi-ismi Allāhi wa-lajnā, wa-bi-ismi Allāhi kharajnā, wa-ʿalā Allāhi rabbinā tawakkalnā. thumma liyusallim ʿalā ʾahlihi» [د].

«O Allah, I ask You for the best entrance and the best exit. In the name of Allah we enter, in the name of Allah we leave, and in Allah our Lord we place our trust.» Then he should greet his family with peace [د].

«إِذَا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بَيْتَهُ، فَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ عِنْدَ دُخُولِهِ، وَعِنْدَ طَعَامِهِ، قَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ: لَا مَبِيتَ لَكُمْ وَلَا عَشَاءَ.

«ʾidhā dakhala al-rajulu baytahu, fa-dhakara Allāha ʿinda dukhūlihi, wa-ʿinda ṭaʿāmihi, qāla al-shayṭānu: lā mabīta lakum wa-lā ʿashāʾa.

«When a man enters his home and mentions Allah upon entering and at his meal, Satan says, “You have no lodging and no dinner.”

وَإِذَا دَخَلَ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّهَ عِنْدَ دُخُولِهِ، قَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ: أَدْرَكْتُمُ الْمَبِيتَ. وَإِذَا لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّهَ عِنْدَ طَعَامِهِ، قَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ: أَدْرَكْتُمُ الْمَبِيتَ وَالْعَشَاءَ» [م، د، ت، س، ق، ي].

wa-ʾidhā dakhala, fa-lam yadhkuri Allāha ʿinda dukhūlihi, qāla al-shayṭānu: ʾadraktumu al-mabīta. wa-ʾidhā lam yadhkuri Allāha ʿinda ṭaʿāmihi, qāla al-shayṭānu: ʾadraktumu al-mabīta wa-l-ʿashāʾa» [م، د، ت، س، ق، ي].

But if he enters without mentioning Allah upon entering, Satan says, “You have secured lodging.” If he does not mention Allah at his meal, Satan says, “You have secured lodging and dinner”» [م، د، ت، س، ق، ي].

«إِذَا كَانَ جُنْحُ(١) اللَّيْلِ، فَكُفُّوا صِبْيَانَكُمْ(٢)، فَإِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ تَنْتَشِرُ حِينَئِذٍ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ سَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْعِشَاءِ، فَخَلُّوهُمْ،

«ʾidhā kāna junḥu(1) al-layli, fa-kuffū ṣibyānakum(2), fa-ʾinna al-shayāṭīna tantashiru ḥīnaʾidhin, fa-ʾidhā dhahaba sāʿatun mina al-ʿishāʾi, fa-khallūhum,

«When the first part(1) of the night comes, keep your children in(2), for the devils spread out at that time. Once an hour of the evening has passed, let them go.

وَأَغْلِقْ بَابَكَ، وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَأَطْفِئْ مِصْبَاحَكَ، وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَأَوْكِ سِقَاءَكَ، وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَخَمِّرْ إِنَاءَكَ(٣)، وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ وَلَوْ أَنْ تَعْرُضَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا(٤)» [ع].

wa-ʾaghliq bābaka, wa-udhkuri isma Allāhi, wa-ʾaṭfiʾ miṣbāḥaka, wa-udhkuri isma Allāhi, wa-ʾawki siqāʾaka, wa-udhkuri isma Allāhi, wa-khammir ʾināʾaka(3), wa-udhkuri isma Allāhi wa-law ʾan taʿruḍa ʿalayhi shayʾan(4)» [ع].

Close your door and mention Allah’s name; extinguish your lamp and mention Allah’s name; tie your waterskin and mention Allah’s name; and cover your vessel(3) and mention Allah’s name, even if only by laying something across it(4)» [ع].

مَا يُقَالُ عِنْدَ النَّوْمِ:

mā yuqālu ʿinda al-nawmi:

What to Say at Bedtime:

إِذَا أَوَى إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ وَهُوَ طَاهِرٌ، أَوْ: فَلْيَتَطَهَّرْ [طس]. أَيْ: فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ [ع].

ʾidhā ʾawā ʾilā firāshihi wa-huwa ṭāhirun, ʾaw: fa-lyataṭahhar [طس]. ʾay: fa-lyatawaḍḍaʾ wuḍūʾahu li-l-ṣalāti [ع].

When he retires to bed while ritually pure—or, “let him purify himself” [طس], meaning that he should perform the same ablution as for prayer [ع].

ثُمَّ يَأْتِي إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ فَيَنْفُضُهُ بِصَنِفَةِ(٥) ثَوْبِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ.

thumma yaʾtī ʾilā firāshihi fa-yanfuḍuhu biṣanifati(5) thawbihi thalātha marrātin.

Then he should come to his bed and dust it off three times with the inner edge(5) of his garment.

ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: «بِاسْمِكَ رَبِّي وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، وَبِكَ أَرْفَعُهُ، إِنْ أَمْسَكْتَ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لَهَا وَارْحَمْهَا» [ع، خ، مص]، «وَإِنْ أَرْسَلْتَهَا فَاحْفَظْهَا بِمَا تَحْفَظُ بِهِ عِبَادَكَ الصَّالِحِينَ» [ع، مص].

thumma liyaqul: «bi-ismika rabbī waḍaʿtu janbī, wa-bika ʾarfaʿuhu, ʾin ʾamsakta nafsī fa-ighfir lahā wa-irḥamhā» [ع، خ، مص], «wa-ʾin ʾarsaltahā fa-iḥfaẓhā bimā taḥfaẓu bihi ʿibādaka al-ṣāliḥīna» [ع، مص].

Then let him say: «In Your name, my Lord, I lay down my side, and through You I raise it. If You retain my soul, forgive it and have mercy on it» [ع، خ، مص], «and if You release it, protect it as You protect Your righteous servants» [ع، مص].

وَيَضْطَجِعُ عَلَى شِقِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ [م، ع].

wa-yaḍṭajiʿu ʿalā shiqqihi al-ʾaymani [م، ع].

He should lie on his right side [م، ع].

(١) جُنْحُ اللَّيْلِ: طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُ، وَأَرَادَ بِهِ هُنَا الطَّائِفَةَ الْأُولَى عِنْدَ امْتِدَادِ فَحْمَةِ الْعِشَاءِ.

(1) junḥu al-layli: ṭāʾifatun minhu, wa-ʾarāda bihi hunā al-ṭāʾifata al-ʾūlā ʿinda imtidādi faḥmati al-ʿishāʾi.

(1) Junh al-layl means a portion of the night; what is intended here is its first portion, when the darkness of evening spreads.

(٢) أَيْ امْنَعُوهُمْ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ.

(2) ʾay imnaʿūhum mina al-khurūji.

(2) That is, prevent them from going outside.

(٣) أَوْكِ سِقَاءَكَ: شُدَّ رَأْسَهَا بِالْوِكَاءِ، وَالْخَمِيرُ: التَّغْطِيَةُ.

(3) ʾawki siqāʾaka: shudda raʾsahā bi-l-wikāʾi, wa-l-khamīru: al-taghṭiyatu.

(3) “Tie your waterskin” means secure its mouth with its tie, and “covering” means placing a cover over something.

(٤) تَعْرُضُ: تَضَعُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا بِالْعَرْضِ. يَعْنِي أَيَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ مِنْ عُودٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يَكْفِي، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتُرْ جَمِيعَ فَمِ الْإِنَاءِ.

(4) taʿruḍu: taḍaʿu ʿalayhi shayʾan bi-l-ʿarḍi. yaʿnī ʾayya shayʾin kāna min ʿūdin ʾaw ghayrihi fa-ʾinna dhālika yakfī, wa-ʾin lam yastur jamīʿa fa-mi al-ʾināʾi.

(4) “Laying across” means placing something crosswise over it—any object, whether a stick or something else, is sufficient even if it does not cover the entire mouth of the vessel.

(٥) وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: ثُمَّ يَنْفُضُهُ بِطَرَفِ ثَوْبِهِ. أَيْ يَنْفُضُ فِرَاشَهُ حَذَرًا عَنْ حَيَّةٍ أَوْ عَقْرَبٍ أَوْ قَذَاةٍ.

(5) wa-fī riwāyatin: thumma yanfuḍuhu biṭarafi thawbihi. ʾay yanfuḍu firāshahu ḥadharan ʿan ḥayyatin ʾaw ʿaqrabin ʾaw qadhātin.

(5) Another narration says: “Then let him dust it off with the edge of his garment.” That is, he should dust off his bed as a precaution against a snake, scorpion, or speck of debris.

  

وَيَتَوَسَّدُ يَمِينَهُ [د] أَيْ: يَضَعُهَا تَحْتَ خَدِّهِ [د، ت، س].

wa-yatawassadu yamīnahu [د] ʾay: yaḍaʿuhā taḥta khaddihi [د، ت، س].

He should use his right hand as a pillow [د]—that is, place it beneath his cheek [د، ت، س].

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِي، وَأَخْسِئْ شَيْطَانِي، وَفُكَّ رِهَانِي، وَثَقِّلْ مِيزَانِي، وَاجْعَلْنِي فِي النَّدِيِّ (الْمَلَأِ) [مس] الْأَعْلَى» [د، مس].

thumma yaqūlu: «bi-ismi Allāhi waḍaʿtu janbī, Allāhumma ighfir lī dhanbī, wa-ʾakhsiʾ shayṭānī, wa-fukka rihānī, wa-thaqqil mīzānī, wa-ijʿalnī fī al-nadiyyi (al-malaʾi) [مس] al-ʾaʿlā» [د، مس].

Then he should say: «In the name of Allah I lay down my side. O Allah, forgive my sin, drive away my devil, release me from my pledge, make my scale heavy, and place me among the highest assembly (company) [مس]» [د، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ قِنِي عَذَابَكَ يَوْمَ تَبْعَثُ عِبَادَكَ» [د، مص] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [د، ت، س].

«Allāhumma qinī ʿadhābaka yawma tabʿathu ʿibādaka» [د، مص] thalātha marrātin [د، ت، س].

«O Allah, protect me from Your punishment on the day You raise Your servants» [د، مص], three times [د، ت، س].

«بِاسْمِكَ رَبِّي فَاغْفِرْ ذَنْبِي» [أ]، «بِاسْمِكَ وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي» [مص]، «اللَّهُمَّ بِاسْمِكَ أَمُوتُ وَأَحْيَا» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

«bi-ismika rabbī fa-ighfir dhanbī» [أ], «bi-ismika waḍaʿtu janbī, fa-ighfir lī» [مص], «Allāhumma bi-ismika ʾamūtu wa-ʾaḥyā» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

«In Your name, my Lord, forgive my sin» [أ]. «In Your name I lay down my side, so forgive me» [مص]. «O Allah, in Your name I die and live» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ. الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ. اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ» [خ، م، د، ت، س، حب].

«subḥāna Allāhi, thalāthan wa-thalāthīna. al-ḥamdu li-llāhi, thalāthan wa-thalāthīna. Allāhu ʾakbaru, ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna» [خ، م، د، ت، س، حب].

«Glory be to Allah, thirty-three times. All praise is due to Allah, thirty-three times. Allah is the Greatest, thirty-four times» [خ، م، د، ت، س، حب].

وَيَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ كَفَّيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَنْفُثُ فِيهِمَا، فَيَقْرَأُ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١]، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾ [الْفَلَقِ: ١]، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾ [النَّاسِ: ١]،

wa-yajmaʿu bayna kaffayhi, thumma yanfuthu fīhimā, fa-yaqraʾu: ﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾ [al-ʾikhlāṣi: 1], wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾ [al-falaqi: 1], wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-nāsi﴾ [al-nāsi: 1],

He should bring his palms together, blow lightly into them, and recite: ﴿Say: He is Allah, the One﴾ [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١], ﴿Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak﴾ [الْفَلَقِ: ١], and ﴿Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of humanity﴾ [النَّاسِ: ١].

ثُمَّ يَمْسَحُ بِهِمَا مَا اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ، يَبْدَأُ بِهِمَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَوَجْهِهِ وَمَا أَقْبَلَ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ، يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [خ، عه].

thumma yamsaḥu bihimā mā istaṭāʿa min jasadihi, yabdaʾu bihimā ʿalā raʾsihi wa-wajhihi wa-mā ʾaqbala min jasadihi, yafʿalu dhālika thalātha marrātin [خ، عه].

Then he should wipe with them as much of his body as he can, beginning with his head, face, and the front of his body. He should do this three times [خ، عه].

وَيَقْرَأُ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ [خ، س، مص].

wa-yaqraʾu ʾāyata al-kursiyyi [خ، س، مص].

And he should recite the Throne Verse [خ، س، مص].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَنَا وَسَقَانَا، وَكَفَانَا، وَآوَانَا، فَكَمْ مِمَّنْ لَا كَافِيَ لَهُ وَلَا مُؤْوِيَ» [م، د، ت، س].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaṭʿamanā wa-saqānā, wa-kafānā, wa-ʾāwānā, fa-kam mimman lā kāfiya lahu wa-lā muʾwiya» [م، د، ت، س].

«All praise is due to Allah, who has fed us, given us drink, sufficed us, and sheltered us. How many people have no one to suffice or shelter them!» [م، د، ت، س].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَفَانِي وَآوَانِي، وَأَطْعَمَنِي، وَسَقَانِي، وَالَّذِي مَنَّ عَلَيَّ وَأَفْضَلَ، وَالَّذِي أَعْطَانِي فَأَجْزَلَ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَمَلِيكَهُ، وَإِلَهَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ» [د، س، حب، مس، عو].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī kafānī wa-ʾāwānī, wa-ʾaṭʿamanī, wa-saqānī, wa-alladhī manna ʿalayya wa-ʾafḍala, wa-alladhī ʾaʿṭānī fa-ʾajzala, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿalā kulli ḥālin, Allāhumma rabba kulli shayʾin wa-malīkahu, wa-ʾilāha kulli shayʾin, ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-nāri» [د، س، حب، مس، عو].

«All praise is due to Allah, who has sufficed and sheltered me, fed me and given me drink; who has favored me and bestowed abundantly upon me; and who has given to me generously. All praise is due to Allah in every circumstance. O Allah, Lord and Sovereign of all things, God of all things, I seek refuge in You from the Fire» [د، س، حب، مس، عو].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، أَنْتَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ،

«Allāhumma rabba al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, ʿālima al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, ʾanta rabbu kulli shayʾin, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, wa-l-malāʾikatu yashhadūna,

«O Allah, Lord of the heavens and earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You are the Lord of all things. I bear witness that there is no deity but You alone, with no partner; that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger; and the angels bear witness.

أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشِرْكِهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَقْتَرِفَ عَلَى نَفْسِي سُوءًا، أَوْ أَجُرَّهُ إِلَى مُسْلِمٍ» [أ، ط].

ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-shayṭāni wa-shirkihi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾaqtarifa ʿalā nafsī sūʾan, ʾaw ʾajurrahu ʾilā muslimin» [أ، ط].

I seek refuge in You from Satan and his call to associating partners with You. I seek refuge in You from committing evil against myself or bringing it upon a Muslim» [أ، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، رَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ

«Allāhumma fāṭira al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, ʿālima al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, rabba kulli shayʾin

«O Allah, Originator of the heavens and earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, Lord of all things,

 

وَمَلِيكَهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ نَفْسِي، وَشَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشِرْكِهِ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

wa-malīkahu, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri nafsī, wa-sharri al-shayṭāni wa-shirkihi» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

and Sovereign of all things. I bear witness that there is no deity but You. I seek refuge in You from the evil of my soul and from the evil of Satan and his call to associating partners with You» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ خَلَقْتَ نَفْسِي، وَأَنْتَ تَوَفَّاهَا، لَكَ مَمَاتُهَا وَمَحْيَاهَا، إِنْ أَحْيَيْتَهَا فَاحْفَظْهَا، وَإِنْ أَمَتَّهَا فَاغْفِرْ لَهَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَسْأَلُكَ الْعَافِيَةَ» [م، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾanta khalaqta nafsī, wa-ʾanta tawaffāhā, laka mamātuhā wa-maḥyāhā, ʾin ʾaḥyaytahā fa-iḥfaẓhā, wa-ʾin ʾamattahā fa-ighfir lahā, Allāhumma ʾasʾaluka al-ʿāfiyata» [م، مس].

«O Allah, You created my soul and You take it in death. Its death and life belong to You. If You keep it alive, protect it; and if You cause it to die, forgive it. O Allah, I ask You for well-being» [م، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعُوذُ بِوَجْهِكَ الْكَرِيمِ، وَكَلِمَاتِكَ التَّامَّةِ، مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَنْتَ آخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ تَكْشِفُ الْمَغْرَمَ وَالْمَأْثَمَ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا يُهْزَمُ جُنْدُكَ، وَلَا يُخْلَفُ وَعْدُكَ، وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ، سُبْحَانَكَ وَبِحَمْدِكَ» [د، س، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿūdhu biwajhika al-karīmi, wa-kalimātika al-tāmmati, min sharri mā ʾanta ʾākhidhun bināṣiyatihi, Allāhumma ʾanta takshifu al-maghrama wa-l-maʾthama, Allāhumma lā yuhzamu junduka, wa-lā yukhlafu waʿduka, wa-lā yanfaʿu dhā al-jaddi minka al-jaddu, subḥānaka wa-biḥamdika» [د، س، مص].

«O Allah, I seek refuge in Your noble Countenance and Your perfect words from the evil of everything whose forelock You hold. O Allah, You remove the burden of debt and sin. O Allah, Your army is never defeated, Your promise is never broken, and the fortune of one endowed with fortune is of no benefit against You. Glory and praise be to You» [د، س، مص].

«أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ، وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [ت].

«ʾastaghfiru Allāha alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-ḥayyu al-qayyūmu, wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayhi. thalātha marrātin» [ت].

«I seek forgiveness from Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining, and I repent to Him—three times» [ت].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ» [حب، مو، س].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru» [حب، مو، س].

«There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and He has power over all things. There is no power and no strength except through Allah. Glory be to Allah, all praise is due to Allah, there is no deity but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest» [حب، مو، س].

وَيَقُولُ وَهُوَ مُضْطَجِعٌ:

wa-yaqūlu wa-huwa muḍṭajiʿun:

While lying down, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَرَبَّ الْأَرْضِ، وَرَبَّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَالِقَ الْحَبِّ وَالنَّوَى، وَمُنْزِلَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالْفُرْقَانِ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَنْتَ آخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ،

«Allāhumma rabba al-samāwāti, wa-rabba al-ʾarḍi, wa-rabba al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, rabbanā wa-rabba kulli shayʾin, fāliqa al-ḥabbi wa-l-nawā, wa-munzila al-tawrāti wa-l-ʾinjīli wa-l-furqāni, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri kulli shayʾin ʾanta ʾākhidhun bināṣiyatihi,

«O Allah, Lord of the heavens, Lord of the earth, Lord of the Mighty Throne, our Lord and Lord of all things, Splitter of the grain and date-stone, Revealer of the Torah, the Gospel, and the Criterion, I seek refuge in You from the evil of everything whose forelock You hold.

اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الْأَوَّلُ فَلَيْسَ قَبْلَكَ شَيْءٌ، وَأَنْتَ الْآخِرُ فَلَيْسَ بَعْدَكَ شَيْءٌ، وَأَنْتَ الظَّاهِرُ فَلَيْسَ فَوْقَكَ شَيْءٌ، وَأَنْتَ الْبَاطِنُ فَلَيْسَ دُونَكَ شَيْءٌ، اقْضِ عَنَّا (عَنِّي) [د، مص] الدَّيْنَ، وَأَغْنِنَا (وَأَغْنِنِي) مِنَ الْفَقْرِ» [م، عه، مص، مس].

Allāhumma ʾanta al-ʾawwalu fa-laysa qablaka shayʾun, wa-ʾanta al-ʾākhiru fa-laysa baʿdaka shayʾun, wa-ʾanta al-ẓāhiru fa-laysa fawqaka shayʾun, wa-ʾanta al-bāṭinu fa-laysa dūnaka shayʾun, iqḍi ʿannā (ʿannī) [د، مص] al-dayna, wa-ʾaghninā (wa-ʾaghninī) mina al-faqri» [م، عه، مص، مس].

O Allah, You are the First, and nothing precedes You. You are the Last, and nothing follows You. You are the Manifest, and nothing is above You. You are the Hidden, and nothing is nearer than You. Settle our (my) [د، مص] debt and free us (me) from poverty» [م، عه، مص، مس].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ» [س]، «اللَّهُمَّ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِي(١) إِلَيْكَ، وَفَوَّضْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَيْكَ، وَأَلْجَأْتُ ظَهْرِي إِلَيْكَ، رَغْبَةً وَرَهْبَةً إِلَيْكَ، لَا مَلْجَأَ وَلَا مَنْجَى مِنْكَ إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ، آمَنْتُ بِكِتَابِكَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ، وَنَبِيِّكَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلْتَ»، وَلْيَجْعَلْهَا آخِرَ مَا يَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ [ع].

«bi-ismi Allāhi» [س], «Allāhumma ʾaslamtu wajhī(1) ʾilayka, wa-fawwaḍtu ʾamrī ʾilayka, wa-ʾaljaʾtu ẓahrī ʾilayka, raghbatan wa-rahbatan ʾilayka, lā maljaʾa wa-lā manjā minka ʾillā ʾilayka, ʾāmantu bikitābika alladhī ʾanzalta, wa-nabiyyika alladhī ʾarsalta», wa-lyajʿalhā ʾākhira mā yatakallamu bihi [ع].

«In the name of Allah» [س]. «O Allah, I have submitted myself(1) to You, entrusted my affairs to You, and rested my back upon You, in hope of You and fear of You. There is no refuge or escape from You except with You. I believe in Your Book that You revealed and Your Prophet whom You sent.» Let these be the last words he speaks [ع].

وَلْيَقْرَأْ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، ثُمَّ لِيَنَمْ عَلَى خَاتِمَتِهَا [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

wa-lyaqraʾ: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾, thumma liyanam ʿalā khātimatihā [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

Let him recite: ﴿Say: O disbelievers﴾, and then go to sleep after finishing it [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

(١) قِيلَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْوَجْهِ هُنَا النَّفْسُ كَمَا رَوَاهُ النَّوَوِيُّ عَنِ الْعُلَمَاءِ.

(1) qīla al-murādu bi-l-wajhi hunā al-nafsu kamā rawāhu al-nawawiyyu ʿani al-ʿulamāʾi.

(1) It is said that “face” here means the entire self, as al-Nawawi related from the scholars.

 

وَكَانَ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ الْمُسَبِّحَاتِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْقُدَ وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّ فِيهِنَّ آيَةً خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ آيَةٍ» [د، ت، س]. وَهُنَّ: «الْحَدِيدُ»، وَ«الْحَشْرُ»، وَ«الصَّفُّ»، وَ«الْجُمُعَةُ»، وَ«التَّغَابُنُ»، وَ«الْأَعْلَى» [مو، س].

wa-kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yaqraʾu al-musabbiḥāti qabla ʾan yarquda wa-yaqūlu: «ʾinna fīhinna ʾāyatan khayrun min ʾalfi ʾāyatin» [د، ت، س]. wa-hunna: «al-ḥadīdu», wa-«al-ḥashru», wa-«al-ṣaffu», wa-«al-jumuʿatu», wa-«al-taghābunu», wa-«al-ʾaʿlā» [مو، س].

Before sleeping, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would recite the surahs that begin with glorification and say: «Among them is a verse better than one thousand verses» [د، ت، س]. They are: «Al-Hadid», «Al-Hashr», «Al-Saff», «Al-Jumu‘ah», «Al-Taghabun», and «Al-A‘la» [مو، س].

وَحَتَّى يَقْرَأَ: ﴿الٓمٓ﴾ «السَّجْدَةَ»، وَ﴿تَبَارَكَ﴾ «الْمُلْكَ» [س، ت، مس، مص].

wa-ḥattā yaqraʾa: ﴿ʾAlif Lām Mīm﴾ «al-sajdata», wa-﴿tabāraka﴾ «al-mulka» [س، ت، مس، مص].

And he would not sleep until he had recited ﴿Alif Lam Mim﴾, Surat al-Sajdah, and ﴿Blessed is He﴾, Surat al-Mulk [س، ت، مس، مص].

وَحَتَّى يَقْرَأَ «بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ»، وَ«الزُّمَرَ» [ت، س، مس].

wa-ḥattā yaqraʾa «banī ʾisrāʾīla», wa-«al-zumara» [ت، س، مس].

And until he had recited Surat Bani Isra’il and Surat al-Zumar [ت، س، مس].

«مَا كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يَعْقِلُ، يَنَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ الْآيَاتِ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ» [س].

«mā kuntu ʾaʿlamu ʾaḥadan yaʿqilu, yanāmu qabla ʾan yaqraʾa al-ʾāyāti al-thalāthata al-ʾawākhira min sūrati al-baqarati» [س].

«I knew no person of sound mind who would sleep before reciting the final three verses of Surat al-Baqarah» [س].

«إِذَا وَضَعْتَ جَنْبَكَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ، وَقَرَأْتَ «فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ»، وَ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾، فَقَدْ أَمِنْتَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا الْمَوْتَ» [ر].

«ʾidhā waḍaʿta janbaka ʿalā al-firāshi, wa-qaraʾta «fātiḥata al-kitābi», wa-﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾, fa-qad ʾaminta min kulli shayʾin ʾillā al-mawta» [ر].

«When you lie down on your bed and recite the Opening of the Book and ﴿Say: He is Allah, the One﴾, you are safe from everything except death» [ر].

«مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَأْوِي إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ، فَيَقْرَأُ سُورَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكًا يَحْفَظُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ يُؤْذِيهِ، حَتَّى يَهُبَّ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ، مَتَى هَبَّ» [أ].

«mā min rajulin yaʾwī ʾilā firāshihi, fa-yaqraʾu sūratan min kitābi Allāhi, ʾillā baʿatha Allāhu ʾilayhi malakan yaḥfaẓuhu min kulli shayʾin yuʾdhīhi, ḥattā yahubba min nawmihi, matā habba» [أ].

«No man retires to bed and recites a surah from Allah’s Book without Allah sending him an angel who protects him from everything that might harm him until he awakens, whenever that may be» [أ].

«إِذَا أَوَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى فِرَاشِهِ، ابْتَدَرَهُ مَلَكٌ وَشَيْطَانٌ، فَيَقُولُ الْمَلَكُ: اخْتِمْ بِخَيْرٍ. وَيَقُولُ الشَّيْطَانُ: اخْتِمْ بِشَرٍّ. فَإِنْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ بَاتَ، بَاتَ الْمَلَكُ يَكْلَؤُهُ(١)...»، الْحَدِيثُ يَأْتِي تَتِمَّتُهُ [س، حب، مس، ص].

«ʾidhā ʾawā al-rajulu ʾilā firāshihi, ibtadarahu malakun wa-shayṭānun, fa-yaqūlu al-malaku: ikhtim bikhayrin. wa-yaqūlu al-shayṭānu: ikhtim bisharrin. fa-ʾin dhakara Allāha, thumma bāta, bāta al-malaku yaklaʾuhu(1)...», al-ḥadīthu yaʾtī tatimmatuhu [س، حب، مس، ص].

«When a man retires to bed, an angel and a devil hasten toward him. The angel says, “End with good,” while the devil says, “End with evil.” If he remembers Allah and then spends the night, the angel remains through the night guarding him(1)...» The remainder of the hadith will appear later [س، حب، مس، ص].

فِي آدَابِ الرُّؤْيَا

fī ʾādābi al-ruʾyā

Etiquette Concerning Dreams

وَإِذَا رَأَى فِي مَنَامِهِ مَا يُحِبُّ: فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلْيُحَدِّثْ بِهَا [خ، م، س]، وَلَا يُحَدِّثْ بِهَا إِلَّا مَنْ يُحِبُّ.

wa-ʾidhā raʾā fī manāmihi mā yuḥibbu: fa-lyaḥmadi Allāha ʿalayhi, wa-lyuḥaddith bihā [خ، م، س], wa-lā yuḥaddith bihā ʾillā man yuḥibbu.

If he sees something he likes in a dream, he should praise Allah for it and relate it [خ، م، س], but relate it only to someone he loves.

وَإِذَا رَأَى مَا يَكْرَهُ: فَلْيَتْفُلْ [خ، م]، أَوْ لِيَبْصُقْ [م]، أَوْ لِيَنْفُثْ [ع] ثَلَاثًا عَنْ يَسَارِهِ [ع]، وَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ وَمِنْ شَرِّهَا [ع] ثَلَاثًا، وَلَا يَذْكُرْهَا لِأَحَدٍ [خ، م، د، س، ق]، فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَضُرُّهُ [ع]، وَلْيَتَحَوَّلْ عَنْ جَنْبِهِ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ [م]، أَوْ لِيَقُمْ فَلْيُصَلِّ [خ].

wa-ʾidhā raʾā mā yakrahu: fa-lyatful [خ، م], ʾaw liyabṣuq [م], ʾaw liyanfuth [ع] thalāthan ʿan yasārihi [ع], wa-lyataʿawwadh bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni wa-min sharrihā [ع] thalāthan, wa-lā yadhkurhā liʾaḥadin [خ، م، د، س، ق], fa-ʾinnahā lā taḍurruhu [ع], wa-lyataḥawwal ʿan janbihi alladhī kāna ʿalayhi [م], ʾaw liyaqum fa-lyuṣalli [خ].

If he sees something he dislikes, he should spit lightly [خ، م], spit [م], or blow lightly [ع] three times to his left [ع]; seek refuge in Allah from Satan and from its evil [ع] three times; and tell no one about it [خ، م، د، س، ق], for it will not harm him [ع]. He should turn over from the side on which he was lying [م], or rise and pray [خ].

(١) يَكْلَؤُهُ: أَيْ يَحْفَظُهُ وَيَحْرُسُهُ. وَتَمَامُ الْحَدِيثِ: وَإِنْ وَقَعَ عَنْ سَرِيرِهِ فَمَاتَ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ.

(1) yaklaʾuhu: ʾay yaḥfaẓuhu wa-yaḥrusuhu. wa-tamāmu al-ḥadīthi: wa-ʾin wa-qaʿa ʿan sarīrihi fa-māta dakhala al-jannata.

(1) “Guarding him” means protecting and watching over him. The complete hadith continues: “If he falls from his bed and dies, he will enter Paradise.”

  

وَإِذَا فَزِعَ، أَوْ وَجَدَ وَحْشَةً، أَوْ أَرِقَ، فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā faziʿa, ʾaw wajada waḥshatan, ʾaw ʾariqa, fa-lyaqul:

If he becomes frightened, feels lonely, or suffers insomnia, let him say:

«أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ وَشَرِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ(١)، وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ» [أ].

«ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmati min ghaḍabihi wa-ʿiqābihi wa-sharri ʿibādihi, wa-min hamazāti al-shayāṭīni(1), wa-ʾan yaḥḍurūni» [أ].

«I seek refuge in Allah’s perfect words from His wrath, His punishment, the evil of His servants, the promptings of the devils(1), and their presence around me» [أ].

وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو يُلَقِّنُهَا مَنْ عَقَلَ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْقِلْ كَتَبَهَا فِي صَكٍّ(٢) ثُمَّ عَلَّقَهَا فِي عُنُقِهِ [د، ت، س، مس].

wa-kāna ʿabdu Allāhi bnu ʿamrin yulaqqinuhā man ʿaqala min waladihi, wa-man lam yaʿqil katabahā fī ṣakkin(2) thumma ʿallaqahā fī ʿunuqihi [د، ت، س، مس].

Abdullah ibn Amr would teach these words to those of his children who could understand. For a child who could not understand, he would write them on a slip(2) and hang it around the child’s neck [د، ت، س، مس].

«أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ الَّتِي لَا يُجَاوِزُهُنَّ(٣) بَرٌّ وَلَا فَاجِرٌ، مِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَمَا يَعْرُجُ فِيهَا، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا ذَرَأَ(٤) فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا،

«ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmāti allatī lā yujāwizuhunna(3) barrun wa-lā fājirun, min sharri mā yanzilu mina al-samāʾi, wa-mā yaʿruju fīhā, wa-min sharri mā dharaʾa(4) fī al-ʾarḍi, wa-mā yakhruju minhā,

«I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah, which neither the righteous nor the wicked can overstep(3), from the evil of what descends from heaven and what ascends into it, from the evil of what He has created(4) on earth and what comes forth from it,

وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتَنِ اللَّيْلِ وَفِتَنِ النَّهَارِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ طَوَارِقِ(٥) اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ إِلَّا طَارِقًا يَطْرُقُ بِخَيْرٍ يَا رَحْمَنُ» [ط].

wa-min sharri fitani al-layli wa-fitani al-nahāri, wa-min sharri ṭawāriqi(5) al-layli wa-l-nahāri ʾillā ṭāriqan yaṭruqu bikhayrin yā raḥmānu» [ط].

from the evil of the trials of night and the trials of day, and from the evil of the visitors(5) of night and day—except a visitor who comes with good, O Most Compassionate» [ط].

وَفِي الْأَرَقِ:

wa-fī al-ʾaraqi:

And for insomnia:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَمَا أَظَلَّتْ(٦)، وَرَبَّ الْأَرَضِينَ وَمَا أَقَلَّتْ، وَرَبَّ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَمَا أَضَلَّتْ، كُنْ لِي جَارًا مِنْ شَرِّ خَلْقِكَ أَجْمَعِينَ، أَنْ يَفْرُطَ(٧) عَلَيَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ، أَوْ أَنْ يَطْغَى، عَزَّ جَارُكَ، وَتَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ» [طس، مس].

«Allāhumma rabba al-samāwāti al-sabʿi wa-mā ʾaẓallat(6), wa-rabba al-ʾaraḍīna wa-mā ʾaqallat, wa-rabba al-shayāṭīni wa-mā ʾaḍallat, kun lī jāran min sharri khalqika ʾajmaʿīna, ʾan yafruṭa(7) ʿalayya ʾaḥadun minhum, ʾaw ʾan yaṭghā, ʿazza jāruka, wa-tabāraka ismuka» [طس، مس].

«O Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and all they overshadow(6), Lord of the earths and all they bear, and Lord of the devils and all they lead astray, be my Protector from the evil of all Your creation, lest any of them attack(7) or transgress against me. Mighty is Your protection, and blessed is Your name» [طس، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ غَارَتِ النُّجُومُ، وَهَدَأَتِ الْعُيُونُ(٨)، وَأَنْتَ حَيٌّ قَيُّومٌ، لَا تَأْخُذُكَ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ، يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ، أَهْدِئْ لَيْلِي، وَأَنِمْ عَيْنِي» [ي].

«Allāhumma ghārati al-nujūmu, wa-hadaʾati al-ʿuyūnu(8), wa-ʾanta ḥayyun qayyūmun, lā taʾkhudhuka sinatun wa-lā nawmun, yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu, ʾahdiʾ laylī, wa-ʾanim ʿaynī» [ي].

«O Allah, the stars have set and eyes have grown still(8), while You are the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining. Neither drowsiness nor sleep overtakes You. O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining, bring stillness to my night and sleep to my eyes» [ي].

وَإِذَا انْتَبَهَ مِنَ النَّوْمِ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā intabaha mina al-nawmi qāla:

When he awakens from sleep, he should say:

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي رَدَّ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي، وَلَمْ يُمِتْهَا فِي مَنَامِهَا، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī radda ʾilayya nafsī, wa-lam yumithā fī manāmihā, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī

«All praise is due to Allah, who has returned my soul to me and did not cause it to die in its sleep. All praise is due to Allah, who

(١) أَيْ خَطَرَاتُهُمْ الَّتِي تَخْطُرُ بِقَلْبِ الْإِنْسَانِ.

(1) ʾay khaṭarātuhum allatī takhṭuru biqalbi al-ʾinsāni.

(1) That is, their promptings that occur in a person’s heart.

(٢) الصَّكُّ مَا يُكْتَبُ فِيهِ.

(2) al-ṣakku mā yuktabu fīhi.

(2) A sakk is something on which words are written.

(٣) أَيْ لَا يَحِيدُ عَنْهُنَّ وَلَا يَمِيلُ.

(3) ʾay lā yaḥīdu ʿanhunna wa-lā yamīlu.

(3) That is, they do not turn or deviate from them.

(٤) أَيْ مَا خَلَقَ.

(4) ʾay mā khalaqa.

(4) That is, what He created.

(٥) جَمْعُ طَارِقٍ وَهُوَ مِنَ الطَّرْقِ، وَقِيلَ أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الدَّقِّ، وَسُمِّيَ الْآتِي بِاللَّيْلِ طَارِقًا لِاحْتِيَاجِهِ إِلَى الدَّقِّ.

(5) jamʿu ṭāriqin wa-huwa mina al-ṭarqi, wa-qīla ʾaṣluhu mina al-daqqi, wa-summiya al-ʾātī bi-l-layli ṭāriqan li-iḥtiyājihi ʾilā al-daqqi.

(5) Tawariq is the plural of tariq, derived from knocking. It is also said that its root sense is striking. One who comes at night is called a tariq because he needs to knock.

(٦) مِنَ الْإِظْلَالِ: أَيْ وَمَا ارْتَفَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ وَاسْتَعْلَتْ فَوْقَهُ حَتَّى أَظَلَّتْهُ.

(6) mina al-ʾiẓlāli: ʾay wa-mā irtafaʿat ʿalayhi wa-istaʿlat fawqahu ḥattā ʾaẓallathu.

(6) From “overshadowing”: that is, all over which the heavens rise and stand high until they cast shade upon it.

(٧) هُوَ الْعُدْوَانُ وَمُجَاوَزَةُ الْحَدِّ.

(7) huwa al-ʿudwānu wa-mujāwazatu al-ḥaddi.

(7) It means aggression and exceeding proper bounds.

(٨) غَارَتْ: أَيْ غَابَتْ. وَهَدَأَتْ: أَيْ سَكَنَتْ بِمَا حَصَلَ فِيهَا مِنَ النَّوْمِ.

(8) ghārat: ʾay ghābat. wa-hadaʾat: ʾay sakanat bimā ḥaṣala fīhā mina al-nawmi.

(8) “Have set” means have disappeared, and “grown still” means become quiet because sleep has overtaken them.

 

يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ أَنْ تَزُولَا، وَلَئِنْ زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَؤُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ» [س، حب، مس، ص].

yumsiku al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍa ʾan tazūlā, wa-laʾin zālatā ʾin ʾamsakahumā min ʾaḥadin min baʿdihi, ʾinnahu kāna ḥalīman ghafūran, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī yumsiku al-samāʾa ʾan taqaʿa ʿalā al-ʾarḍi ʾillā bi-ʾidhnihi, ʾinna Allāha bi-l-nāsi laraʾūfun raḥīmun» [س، حب، مس، ص].

holds the heavens and earth lest they cease to be; and if they were to cease, no one after Him could hold them. He is ever Forbearing, Ever-Forgiving. All praise is due to Allah, who holds back the sky from falling upon the earth except by His permission. Allah is truly Most Compassionate and Merciful toward people» [س، حب، مس، ص].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» [مس].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī yuḥyī al-mawtā, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun» [مس].

«All praise is due to Allah, who gives life to the dead, and He has power over all things» [مس].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَحْيَانَا بَعْدَمَا أَمَاتَنَا(١) وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُورُ» [خ، د، ت، س، مص].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaḥyānā baʿdamā ʾamātanā(1) wa-ʾilayhi al-nushūru» [خ، د، ت، س، مص].

«All praise is due to Allah, who restored us to life after causing us to die(1), and to Him is the resurrection» [خ، د، ت، س، مص].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ لِذَنْبِي، وَأَسْأَلُكَ رَحْمَتَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا، وَلَا تُزِغْ قَلْبِي بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنِي، وَهَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, lā sharīka laka, subḥānaka Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾastaghfiruka lidhanbī, wa-ʾasʾaluka raḥmataka, Allāhumma zidnī ʿilman, wa-lā tuzigh qalbī baʿda ʾidh hadaytanī, wa-hab lī min ladunka raḥmatan, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-wahhābu» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

«There is no deity but You, with no partner. Glory be to You, O Allah. I seek Your forgiveness for my sin and ask You for Your mercy. O Allah, increase me in knowledge. Do not cause my heart to deviate after You have guided me, and grant me mercy from Yourself. You are the Bestower» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ، رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الْعَزِيزُ الْغَفَّارُ» [س، حب، مس].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-wāḥidu al-qahhāru, rabbu al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-mā baynahumā al-ʿazīzu al-ghaffāru» [س، حب، مس].

«There is no deity but Allah, the One, the All-Subduing, Lord of the heavens, earth, and all that lies between them, the Almighty, the Ever-Forgiving» [س، حب، مس].

«مَنْ تَعَارَّ(٢) مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَقَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي.

«man taʿārra(2) mina al-layli, fa-qāla: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-subḥāna Allāhi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, Allāhumma ighfir lī.

«Whoever awakens(2) during the night and says, “There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and He has power over all things. All praise is due to Allah, glory be to Allah, there is no deity but Allah, Allah is the Greatest, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah. O Allah, forgive me,”

أَوْ يَدْعُو، اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ، فَإِنْ تَوَضَّأَ، وَصَلَّى، قُبِلَتْ صَلَاتُهُ» [خ، عه].

ʾaw yadʿū, ustujība lahu, fa-ʾin tawaḍḍaʾa, wa-ṣallā, qubilat ṣalātuhu» [خ، عه].

or makes a supplication, it will be answered. If he performs ablution and prays, his prayer will be accepted» [خ، عه].

«مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَتَحَرَّكُ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، عَشْرًا، آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ، وَكَفَرْتُ بِالطَّاغُوتِ، عَشْرًا، وُقِيَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ يَتَخَوَّفُهُ، وَلَمْ يَنْبَغِ لِذَنْبٍ أَنْ يُدْرِكَهُ إِلَى مِثْلِهَا» [طس].

«man qāla ḥīna yataḥarraku mina al-layli: bi-ismi Allāhi, ʿashra marrātin, wa-subḥāna Allāhi, ʿashran, ʾāmantu bi-llāhi, wa-kafartu bi-l-ṭāghūti, ʿashran, wuqiya kulla shayʾin yatakhawwafuhu, wa-lam yanbaghi lidhanbin ʾan yudrikahu ʾilā mithlihā» [طس].

«Whoever says upon stirring during the night, “In the name of Allah,” ten times; “Glory be to Allah,” ten times; and “I believe in Allah and reject false gods,” ten times, will be protected from everything he fears, and no sin should overtake him until the same time again» [طس].

«وَإِذَا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ عَنْ فِرَاشِهِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ، فَلْيَنْفُضْهُ بِصَنِفَةِ إِزَارِهِ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي مَا خَلَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا اضْطَجَعَ،

«wa-ʾidhā qāma mina al-layli ʿan firāshihi, thumma ʿāda ʾilayhi, fa-lyanfuḍhu biṣanifati ʾizārihi thalātha marrātin, fa-ʾinnahu lā yadrī mā khalafahu ʿalayhi, fa-ʾidhā iḍṭajaʿa,

«If he rises from his bed during the night and then returns to it, he should dust it off three times with the inner edge of his lower garment, for he does not know what came onto it after he left. When he lies down,

فَلْيَقُلْ: بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَضَعْتُ جَنْبِي، وَبِكَ أَرْفَعُهُ، إِنْ أَمْسَكْتَ نَفْسِي فَارْحَمْهَا (فَاغْفِرْ لَهَا) [ي]، وَإِنْ رَدَدْتَهَا فَاحْفَظْهَا بِمَا تَحْفَظُ بِهِ عِبَادَكَ الصَّالِحِينَ» [ت، ي].

fa-lyaqul: bi-ismika Allāhumma waḍaʿtu janbī, wa-bika ʾarfaʿuhu, ʾin ʾamsakta nafsī fa-irḥamhā (fa-ighfir lahā) [ي], wa-ʾin radadtahā fa-iḥfaẓhā bimā taḥfaẓu bihi ʿibādaka al-ṣāliḥīna» [ت، ي].

let him say, “In Your name, O Allah, I lay down my side, and through You I raise it. If You retain my soul, have mercy on it (forgive it) [ي]; and if You return it, protect it as You protect Your righteous servants”» [ت، ي].

(١) جَعَلَ النَّوْمَ مَوْتًا لِكَوْنِهِ شَبِيهًا بِهِ مِنْ حَيْثُ عَدَمِ الْإِحْسَاسِ وَفَقْدِ الْإِدْرَاكِ.

(1) jaʿala al-nawma mawtan likawnihi shabīhan bihi min ḥaythu ʿadami al-ʾiḥsāsi wa-faqdi al-ʾidrāki.

(1) Sleep is called death because it resembles death in the absence of sensation and loss of awareness.

(٢) تَعَارَّ: اسْتَيْقَظَ.

(2) taʿārra: istayqaẓa.

(2) Ta‘arra means: awoke.

  

[فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالطُّهُورِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ وَالْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الرَّاتِبَةِ وَصَلَوَاتٍ مَخْصُوصَةٍ]

[fīmā yataʿallaqu bi-l-ṭuhūri wa-l-masjidi wa-l-ʾadhāni wa-l-ʾiqāmati wa-l-ṣalāti al-rātibati wa-ṣalawātin makhṣūṣatin]

[Matters Related to Purification, the Mosque, the Call to Prayer, the Call to Commence Prayer, the Regular Prayers, and Special Prayers]

وَإِذَا قَامَ لِيَتَهَجَّدَ:

wa-ʾidhā qāma liyatahajjada:

When he rises to perform the night vigil:

فَإِنْ دَخَلَ الْخَلَاءَ فَلْيَقُلْ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ» [مص، ي]، «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبْثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ» [ع، مص](١)، «اللَّهُمَّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ» [س، مص].

fa-ʾin dakhala al-khalāʾa fa-lyaqul: «bi-ismi Allāhi» [مص، ي], «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-khubthi wa-l-khabāʾithi» [ع، مص](1), «Allāhumma ʾaʿūdhu bika» [س، مص].

If he enters the lavatory, let him say: «In the name of Allah» [مص، ي]. «O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the male and female devils» [ع، مص](1). «O Allah, I seek refuge in You» [س، مص].

وَإِذَا خَرَجَ [قَالَ]: «غُفْرَانَكَ» [حب، عه، مص](٢)، «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنِّي الْأَذَى وَعَافَانِي» [س، ي، مو، مص].

wa-ʾidhā kharaja [qāla]: «ghufrānaka» [حب، عه، مص](2), «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾadhhaba ʿannī al-ʾadhā wa-ʿāfānī» [س، ي، مو، مص].

When he leaves, [he should say]: «I seek Your forgiveness» [حب، عه، مص](2). «All praise is due to Allah, who has removed harm from me and granted me well-being» [س، ي، مو، مص].

وَإِذَا تَوَضَّأَ: فَلْيُسَمِّ اللَّهَ [د، ت، ق]، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِي، وَوَسِّعْ لِي فِي دَارِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِي رِزْقِي» [س، ي].

wa-ʾidhā tawaḍḍaʾa: fa-lyusammi Allāha [د، ت، ق], thumma yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ighfir lī dhanbī, wa-wassiʿ lī fī dārī, wa-bārik lī fī rizqī» [س، ي].

When he performs ablution, let him mention Allah’s name [د، ت، ق], then say: «O Allah, forgive my sin, make my home spacious, and bless my provision» [س، ي].

وَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ: رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ [د، س]، وَلْيَقُلْ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ» [م، ت، س، مص، ي]، «وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» [م، د، س، ق، مص، ي]. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [ق، مص، ي].

wa-ʾidhā faragha mina al-wuḍūʾi: rafaʿa raʾsahu ʾilā al-samāʾi [د، س], wa-lyaqul: «ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu» [م، ت، س، مص، ي], «wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu» [م، د، س، ق، مص، ي]. thalātha marrātin [ق، مص، ي].

When he finishes ablution, he should raise his head toward the sky [د، س] and say: «I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner» [م، ت، س، مص، ي], «and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger» [م، د، س، ق، مص، ي], three times [ق، مص، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي مِنَ التَّوَّابِينَ، وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ» [ت]. «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ» [مس، س].

«Allāhumma ijʿalnī mina al-tawwābīna, wa-ijʿalnī mina al-mutaṭahhirīna» [ت]. «subḥānaka Allāhumma wa-biḥamdika, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta ʾastaghfiruka wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayka» [مس، س].

«O Allah, make me among those who constantly repent, and make me among those who purify themselves» [ت]. «Glory and praise be to You, O Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity but You. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You» [مس، س].

«مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ فَقَالَ: سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ. كُتِبَ لَهُ فِي رَقٍّ، ثُمَّ جُعِلَ فِي طَابَعٍ(٣)، فَلَمْ يُكْسَرْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ» [طس].

«man tawaḍḍaʾa fa-qāla: subḥānaka Allāhumma wa-biḥamdika, ʾastaghfiruka wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayka. kutiba lahu fī raqqin, thumma juʿila fī ṭābaʿin(3), fa-lam yuksar ʾilā yawmi al-qiyāmati» [طس].

«Whoever performs ablution and says, “Glory and praise be to You, O Allah. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You,” will have it written for him on parchment and then placed under a seal(3) that will not be broken until the Day of Resurrection» [طس].

التَّهَجُّدُ:

al-tahajjudu:

The Night Vigil:

«أَفْضَلُ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ» [م].

«ʾafḍalu al-ṣalāti baʿda al-maktūbati al-ṣalātu fī jawfi al-layli» [م].

«The best prayer after the obligatory prayer is prayer in the depths of the night» [م].

«أَفْضَلُ الصَّلَاةِ صَلَاةُ الْمَرْءِ فِي بَيْتِهِ، إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ» [خ، م].

«ʾafḍalu al-ṣalāti ṣalātu al-marʾi fī baytihi, ʾillā al-maktūbata» [خ، م].

«The best prayer is a person’s prayer in his home, except for the obligatory prayer» [خ، م].

(١) الْخَلَاءُ: مَحَلُّ قَضَاءِ الْحَاجَةِ. وَقَوْلُهُ مِنَ الْخُبْثِ: جَمْعُ خَبِيثٍ، وَالْخَبَائِثُ جَمْعُ خَبِيثَةٍ، وَقَالَ الْأَنْبَارِيُّ: الْخُبْثُ الْكُفْرُ وَالْخَبَائِثُ الشَّيَاطِينُ. وَقِيلَ الْخَبِيثُ الشَّيْطَانُ وَالْخَبَائِثُ الْمَعَاصِي.

(1) al-khalāʾu: maḥallu qaḍāʾi al-ḥājati. wa-qawluhu mina al-khubthi: jamʿu khabīthin, wa-l-khabāʾithu jamʿu khabīthatin, wa-qāla al-ʾanbāriyyu: al-khubthu al-kufru wa-l-khabāʾithu al-shayāṭīnu. wa-qīla al-khabīthu al-shayṭānu wa-l-khabāʾithu al-maʿāṣī.

(1) The lavatory is the place where one relieves oneself. The word khubuth is the plural of khabith, and khaba’ith is the plural of khabithah. Al-Anbari said that khubuth means disbelief and khaba’ith means devils. It is also said that khabith means a devil and khaba’ith means acts of disobedience.

(٢) أَيْ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ غُفْرَانَكَ.

(2) ʾay ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ghufrānaka.

(2) That is: I ask You for Your forgiveness.

(٣) الرَّقُّ: هُوَ مَا يُكْتَبُ فِيهِ مِنْ جِلْدٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، وَالطَّابَعُ هُوَ الْخَاتَمُ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ يُخْتَمُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَكْتُوبِ فِي الرَّقِّ فَلَا يَتَطَرَّقُ إِلَيْهِ تَغْيِيرٌ وَلَا إِبْطَالٌ.

(3) al-raqqu: huwa mā yuktabu fīhi min jildin ʾaw ghayrihi, wa-l-ṭābaʿu huwa al-khātamu, wa-l-maʿnā ʾannahu yukhtamu ʿalā dhālika al-maktūbi fī al-raqqi fa-lā yataṭarraqu ʾilayhi taghyīrun wa-lā ʾibṭālun.

(3) Raqq is a surface made of skin or another material on which one writes, and tabi‘ is a seal. The meaning is that what is written on the parchment is sealed so that no alteration or annulment can reach it.

 

صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ [خ، م]، وَالنَّهَارِ [أ]، مَثْنَى مَثْنَى [خ، م، أ].

ṣalātu al-layli [خ، م], wa-l-nahāri [أ], mathnā mathnā [خ، م، أ].

The night prayer [خ، م], and the daytime prayer [أ], are performed two rak‘ahs at a time [خ، م، أ].

وَكَانَ ﷺ إِذَا قَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ يَتَهَجَّدُ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ، أَنْتَ قَيِّمُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ، وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ،

wa-kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʾidhā qāma mina al-layli yatahajjadu qāla: «Allāhumma laka al-ḥamdu, ʾanta qayyimu al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-man fīhinna, wa-laka al-ḥamdu,

When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) rose at night to perform the night vigil, he would say: «O Allah, to You belongs all praise. You are the Sustainer of the heavens, earth, and all who are within them. To You belongs all praise.

أَنْتَ مَلِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ، وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، أَنْتَ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيهِنَّ، وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، أَنْتَ الْحَقُّ، وَوَعْدُكَ الْحَقُّ، وَلِقَاؤُكَ الْحَقُّ، وَقَوْلُكَ حَقٌّ، وَالْجَنَّةُ حَقٌّ، وَالنَّارُ حَقٌّ، وَالنَّبِيُّونَ حَقٌّ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ حَقٌّ، وَالسَّاعَةُ حَقٌّ».

ʾanta maliku al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-man fīhinna, wa-laka al-ḥamdu, ʾanta nūru al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-man fīhinna, wa-laka al-ḥamdu, ʾanta al-ḥaqqu, wa-waʿduka al-ḥaqqu, wa-liqāʾuka al-ḥaqqu, wa-qawluka ḥaqqun, wa-l-jannatu ḥaqqun, wa-l-nāru ḥaqqun, wa-l-nabiyyūna ḥaqqun, wa-muḥammadun ḥaqqun, wa-l-sāʿatu ḥaqqun».

You are the King of the heavens, earth, and all who are within them. To You belongs all praise. You are the Light of the heavens, earth, and all who are within them. To You belongs all praise. You are the Truth; Your promise is true; meeting You is true; Your word is true; Paradise is true; the Fire is true; the prophets are true; Muhammad is true; and the Hour is true.»

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ، وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْتُ(١)، وَبِكَ خَاصَمْتُ، أَنْتَ رَبُّنَا، وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ» [عو]، «فَاغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ، وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ».

«Allāhumma laka ʾaslamtu, wa-bika ʾāmantu, wa-ʿalayka tawakkaltu, wa-ʾilayka ʾanabtu(1), wa-bika khāṣamtu, ʾanta rabbunā, wa-ʾilayka al-maṣīru» [عو], «fa-ighfir lī mā qaddamtu wa-mā ʾakhkhartu, wa-mā ʾasrartu wa-mā ʾaʿlantu, ʾanta al-muqaddimu, wa-ʾanta al-muʾakhkhiru».

«O Allah, to You I have submitted, in You I have believed, upon You I have relied, to You I have turned in repentance(1), and through You I have contended. You are our Lord, and to You is the final return» [عو]. «Forgive me for what I have done before and what I have yet to do, what I have concealed and what I have made public. You are the One who brings forward, and You are the One who puts back.»

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [ع، عو]، «وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [خ]، «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [ت]، «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ» [د، س].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta» [ع، عو], «wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [خ], «samiʿa Allāhu liman ḥamidahu, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [ت], «subḥāna Allāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi» [د، س].

«There is no deity but You» [ع، عو]. «There is no power and no strength except through Allah» [خ]. «Allah hears the one who praises Him. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds» [ت]. «Glory be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. Glory and praise be to Allah» [د، س].

وَقَعَدَ ﷺ الثُّلُثَ الْأَخِيرَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٩٠] الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ آلِ عِمْرَانَ حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا،

wa-qaʿada ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam al-thulutha al-ʾakhīra mina al-layli, fa-naẓara ʾilā al-samāʾi fa-qāla: ﴿ʾinna fī khalqi al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-ikhtilāfi al-layli wa-l-nahāri laʾāyātin li-ʾulī al-ʾalbābi﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 190] al-ʿashra al-ʾawākhira min ʾāli ʿimrāna ḥattā khatamahā,

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sat up during the final third of the night, looked toward the sky, and recited: ﴿Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth and the alternation of night and day are signs for people of understanding﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٩٠], continuing through the final ten verses of Surat Al Imran until he completed them.

ثُمَّ قَامَ، فَتَوَضَّأَ، وَاسْتَنَّ(٢)، فَصَلَّى إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، فَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ [خ، م، د، س، ق].

thumma qāma, fa-tawaḍḍaʾa, wa-istanna(2), fa-ṣallā ʾiḥdā ʿashrata rakʿatan, thumma ʾadhdhana bilālun, fa-ṣallā rakʿatayni, thumma kharaja, fa-ṣallā al-ṣubḥa [خ، م، د، س، ق].

Then he rose, performed ablution, cleaned his teeth with a tooth-stick(2), and prayed eleven rak‘ahs. Bilal then called the prayer, so he prayed two rak‘ahs, went out, and performed the dawn prayer [خ، م، د، س، ق].

وَكَانَ ﷺ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، يُوتِرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِخَمْسٍ، لَا يَجْلِسُ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلَّا فِي آخِرِهِنَّ [خ، م].

wa-kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yuṣallī mina al-layli thalātha ʿashrata rakʿatan, yūtiru min dhālika bikhamsin, lā yajlisu fī shayʾin ʾillā fī ʾākhirihinna [خ، م].

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would pray thirteen rak‘ahs at night, making five of them witr and sitting only at the end of those five [خ، م].

وَكَانَ ﷺ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً يُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ [خ، م].

wa-kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yuṣallī mina al-layli ʾiḥdā ʿashrata rakʿatan yūtiru biwāḥidatin [خ، م].

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would pray eleven rak‘ahs at night, making one of them witr [خ، م].

وَإِذَا قَامَ لِصَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ كَبَّرَ عَشْرًا، وَحَمِدَ عَشْرًا، وَسَبَّحَ عَشْرًا، وَاسْتَغْفَرَ عَشْرًا [د، س، ق، مص، حب]، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَاهْدِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي،

wa-ʾidhā qāma liṣalāti al-layli kabbara ʿashran, wa-ḥamida ʿashran, wa-sabbaḥa ʿashran, wa-istaghfara ʿashran [د، س، ق، مص، حب], wa-qāla: «Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-ihdinī, wa-urzuqnī,

When he rose for the night prayer, he would declare Allah’s greatness ten times, praise Him ten times, glorify Him ten times, and seek His forgiveness ten times [د، س، ق، مص، حب]. He would say: «O Allah, forgive me, guide me, provide for me,

(١) الْإِنَابَةُ: الرُّجُوعُ إِلَى اللَّهِ بِالتَّوْبَةِ.

(1) al-ʾinābatu: al-rujūʿu ʾilā Allāhi bi-l-tawbati.

(1) Inabah means returning to Allah in repentance.

(٢) اسْتَعْمَلَ السِّوَاكَ بِإِمْرَارِهِ عَلَى الْأَسْنَانِ.

(2) istaʿmala al-siwāka bi-ʾimrārihi ʿalā al-ʾasnāni.

(2) He used a tooth-stick by passing it over his teeth.

  

وَعَافِنِي» [د، س، ق، مص] عَشْرًا [حب]، وَيَتَعَوَّذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ ضِيقِ الْمَقَامِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ [د، س، ق، مص] عَشْرًا [حب].

wa-ʿāfinī» [د، س، ق، مص] ʿashran [حب], wa-yataʿawwadhu bi-llāhi min ḍīqi al-maqāmi yawma al-qiyāmati [د، س، ق، مص] ʿashran [حب].

and grant me well-being» [د، س، ق، مص], ten times [حب]. He would also seek refuge in Allah from the constriction of one’s standing on the Day of Resurrection [د، س، ق، مص], ten times [حب].

وَإِذَا افْتَتَحَ ﷺ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ، اهْدِنِي لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ، إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ» [م، عه، حب].

wa-ʾidhā iftataḥa ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ṣalāta al-layli qāla: «Allāhumma rabba jibrīla wa-mīkāʾīla wa-ʾisrāfīla, fāṭira al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, ʿālima al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, ʾanta taḥkumu bayna ʿibādika fīmā kānū fīhi yakhtalifūna, ihdinī limā ukhtulifa fīhi mina al-ḥaqqi bi-ʾidhnika, ʾinnaka tahdī man tashāʾu ʾilā ṣirāṭin mustaqīmin» [م، عه، حب].

When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began the night prayer, he would say: «O Allah, Lord of Gabriel, Michael, and Israfil, Originator of the heavens and earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You judge among Your servants concerning that over which they differ. By Your permission, guide me to the truth over which people have differed. You guide whomever You will to a straight path» [م، عه، حب].

وَإِذَا صَلَّى الْوِتْرَ ثَلَاثًا:

wa-ʾidhā ṣallā al-witra thalāthan:

When he performs three rak‘ahs of witr:

فَيَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى: ﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى﴾ [الْأَعْلَى: ١]، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ [الْكَافِرُونَ: ١]، وَفِي الثَّالِثَةِ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ [د، ت، س، أ، ق، حب، ي]، وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ [د، أ، ق، ت، حب]، وَيَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الشَّفْعِ وَالْوِتْرِ بِتَسْلِيمَةٍ يُسْمِعُهَا [أ].

fa-yaqraʾu fī al-ʾūlā: ﴿sabbiḥi isma rabbika al-ʾaʿlā﴾ [al-ʾaʿlā: 1], wa-fī al-thāniyati: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾ [al-kāfirūna: 1], wa-fī al-thālithati: ﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾ [د، ت، س، أ، ق، حب، ي], wa-l-muʿawwidhatayni [د، أ، ق، ت، حب], wa-yafṣilu bayna al-shafʿi wa-l-witri bitaslīmatin yusmiʿuhā [أ].

In the first he should recite: ﴿Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High﴾ [الْأَعْلَى: ١]; in the second: ﴿Say: O disbelievers﴾ [الْكَافِرُونَ: ١]; and in the third: ﴿Say: He is Allah, the One﴾ [د، ت، س، أ، ق، حب، ي], as well as the two surahs of refuge [د، أ، ق، ت، حب]. He should separate the two even rak‘ahs from the witr with an audible salutation [أ].

وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ إِلَّا فِي آخِرِهِنَّ [س، ي].

wa-lā yusallimu ʾillā fī ʾākhirihinna [س، ي].

He should not give the salutation until the end of the three [س، ي].

أَوْ يُوتِرُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ [خ، م]، أَوْ بِخَمْسٍ، أَوْ سَبْعٍ [قط، سني]، أَوْ بِتِسْعٍ، أَوْ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ [سني].

ʾaw yūtiru biwāḥidatin [خ، م], ʾaw bikhamsin, ʾaw sabʿin [قط، سني], ʾaw bitisʿin, ʾaw ʾiḥdā ʿashrata rakʿatan, ʾaw ʾakthara min dhālika [سني].

Or he may perform witr with one rak‘ah [خ، م], five or seven [قط، سني], nine, eleven, or more than that [سني].

وَيَقْنُتُ فِي الْأَخِيرَةِ إِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ [مس] فَيَقُولُ:

wa-yaqnutu fī al-ʾakhīrati ʾidhā rafaʿa raʾsahu mina al-rukūʿi [مس] fa-yaqūlu:

He should perform qunut in the final rak‘ah after raising his head from bowing [مس], saying:

«اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ، وَعَافِنِي فِيمَنْ عَافَيْتَ، وَتَوَلَّنِي فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَقِنِي شَرَّ مَا قَضَيْتَ، إِنَّكَ تَقْضِي وَلَا يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ، وَلَا يَعِزُّ مَنْ عَادَيْتَ» [س]،

«Allāhumma ihdinī fīman hadayta, wa-ʿāfinī fīman ʿāfayta, wa-tawallanī fīman tawallayta, wa-bārik lī fīmā ʾaʿṭayta, wa-qinī sharra mā qaḍayta, ʾinnaka taqḍī wa-lā yuqḍā ʿalayka, wa-ʾinnahu lā yadhillu man wālayta, wa-lā yaʿizzu man ʿādayta» [س],

«O Allah, guide me among those You have guided, grant me well-being among those You have granted well-being, take me into Your care among those You have taken into Your care, bless for me what You have given, and protect me from the evil of what You have decreed. You decree and none can decree over You. The one You befriend is never humiliated, and the one You oppose is never honored» [س].

«تَبَارَكَ رَبُّنَا وَتَعَالَيْتَ، نَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ» [عه، حب، مس]، «وَصَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ» [س].

«tabāraka rabbunā wa-taʿālayta, nastaghfiruka wa-natūbu ʾilayka» [عه، حب، مس], «wa-ṣallā Allāhu ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam» [س].

«Blessed and exalted are You, our Lord. We seek Your forgiveness and repent to You» [عه، حب، مس]. «May Allah bestow blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)» [س].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ، وَأَلِّفْ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَأَصْلِحْ ذَاتَ بَيْنِهِمْ، وَانْصُرْهُمْ عَلَى عَدُوِّكَ وَعَدُوِّهِمْ،

«Allāhumma ighfir lanā wa-li-l-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti, wa-l-muslimīna wa-l-muslimāti, wa-ʾallif bayna qulūbihim, wa-ʾaṣliḥ dhāta baynihim, wa-unṣurhum ʿalā ʿaduwwika wa-ʿaduwwihim,

«O Allah, forgive us and the believing men and women, the Muslim men and women. Unite their hearts, reconcile them with one another, and grant them victory over Your enemy and theirs.

اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِكَ، وَيُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ، وَيُقَاتِلُونَ أَوْلِيَاءَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ خَالِفْ بَيْنَ كَلِمَتِهِمْ، وَزَلْزِلْ أَقْدَامَهُمْ، وَأَنْزِلْ بِهِمْ بَأْسَكَ الَّذِي لَا تَرُدُّهُ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ» [سني].

Allāhumma al-ʿani al-kafarata alladhīna yaṣuddūna ʿan sabīlika, wa-yukadhdhibūna rusulaka, wa-yuqātilūna ʾawliyāʾaka, Allāhumma khālif bayna kalimatihim, wa-zalzil ʾaqdāmahum, wa-ʾanzil bihim baʾsaka alladhī lā tarudduhu ʿani al-qawmi al-mujrimīna» [سني].

O Allah, curse the disbelievers who bar others from Your path, deny Your messengers, and fight those devoted to You. O Allah, turn them against one another, shake their feet, and send down upon them Your might, which You do not turn away from the criminal people» [سني].

«بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ، وَنُثْنِي عَلَيْكَ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ، فَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ، نَخْلَعُ وَنَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَفْجُرُكَ» [سني].

«bismi Allāhi al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi, Allāhumma ʾinnā nastaʿīnuka wa-nastaghfiruka, wa-nuthnī ʿalayka al-khayra kullahu, fa-lā nakfuruka, nakhlaʿu wa-natruku man yafjuruka» [سني].

«In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. O Allah, we seek Your help and Your forgiveness, and we praise You for every good. We do not deny You; we disavow and forsake whoever defiantly disobeys You» [سني].

  

«بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ، وَلَكَ نُصَلِّي وَنَسْجُدُ، وَلَكَ نَسْعَى وَنَحْفِدُ(١)، نَخْشَى عَذَابَكَ الْجِدَّ، وَنَرْجُو رَحْمَتَكَ، إِنَّ عَذَابَكَ الْجِدَّ بِالْكُفَّارِ مُلْحِقٌ» [مو، مص، سني].

«bismi Allāhi al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi, Allāhumma ʾiyyāka naʿbudu, wa-laka nuṣallī wa-nasjudu, wa-laka nasʿā wa-naḥfidu(1), nakhshā ʿadhābaka al-jidda, wa-narjū raḥmataka, ʾinna ʿadhābaka al-jidda bi-l-kuffāri mulḥiqun» [مو، مص، سني].

«In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. O Allah, You alone we worship; for You we pray and prostrate; and in Your service we strive and hasten(1). We fear Your severe punishment and hope for Your mercy. Your severe punishment will surely overtake the disbelievers» [مو، مص، سني].

وَإِذَا سَلَّمَ مِنْهُ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā sallama minhu qāla:

After concluding the witr prayer with the salutation, he should say:

«سُبْحَانَ الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوسِ» - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، يَمُدُّ صَوْتَهُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ (الْآخِرَةِ) [مص]، وَيَرْفَعُ [س، د، مص، قط] - «رَبِّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالرُّوحِ» [قط].

«subḥāna al-maliki al-quddūsi» - thalātha marrātin, yamuddu ṣawtahu fī al-thālithati (al-ʾākhirati) [مص], wa-yarfaʿu [س، د، مص، قط] - «rabbi al-malāʾikati wa-l-rūḥi» [قط].

«Glory be to the King, the Most Holy»—three times, prolonging his voice on the third (final) time [مص] and raising it [س، د، مص، قط]—«Lord of the angels and the Spirit» [قط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِرِضَاكَ مِنْ سَخَطِكَ، وَبِمُعَافَاتِكَ مِنْ عُقُوبَتِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْكَ، لَا أُحْصِي ثَنَاءً عَلَيْكَ، أَنْتَ كَمَا أَثْنَيْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ» [عه، طس، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu biriḍāka min sakhaṭika, wa-bimuʿāfātika min ʿuqūbatika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika minka, lā ʾuḥṣī thanāʾan ʿalayka, ʾanta kamā ʾathnayta ʿalā nafsika» [عه، طس، مص].

«O Allah, I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your displeasure, in Your pardon from Your punishment, and in You from You. I cannot fully enumerate praise of You; You are as You have praised Yourself» [عه، طس، مص].

وَإِذَا صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيِ الْفَجْرِ:

wa-ʾidhā ṣallā rakʿatayi al-fajri:

When he performs the two rak‘ahs before the dawn prayer:

يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ [م، حب]، أَوْ فِي الْأُولَى: ﴿قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٣٦]، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ...﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ٦٤] [م].

yaqraʾu fī al-ʾūlā: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾, wa-fī al-thāniyati: ﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾ [م، حب], ʾaw fī al-ʾūlā: ﴿qūlū ʾāmannā bi-llāhi﴾ [al-baqarati: 136], wa-fī al-thāniyati: ﴿qul yā ʾahla al-kitābi taʿālaw ʾilā kalimatin sawāʾin baynanā wa-baynakum...﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 64] [م].

In the first he should recite: ﴿Say: O disbelievers﴾, and in the second: ﴿Say: He is Allah, the One﴾ [م، حب]. Or in the first: ﴿Say: We believe in Allah﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٣٦], and in the second: ﴿Say: O People of the Book, come to a common word between us and you...﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ٦٤] [م].

وَيَقُولُ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ:

wa-yaqūlu wa-huwa jālisun:

While seated, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلَ، وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، وَمُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ [ي]، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [مس، ي].

«Allāhumma rabba jibrīla, wa-mīkāʾīla, wa-ʾisrāfīla, wa-muḥammadin al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam [ي], ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-nāri» thalātha marrātin [مس، ي].

«O Allah, Lord of Gabriel, Michael, Israfil, and Muhammad the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) [ي], I seek refuge in You from the Fire» three times [مس، ي].

ثُمَّ لِيَضْطَجِعْ عَلَى شِقِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ [د، ت].

thumma liyaḍṭajiʿ ʿalā shiqqihi al-ʾaymani [د، ت].

Then he should lie on his right side [د، ت].

مَا يَقُولُ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ

mā yaqūlu ʾidhā kharaja mina al-bayti

What to Say When Leaving the House

وَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ قَالَ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، تَوَكَّلْتُ» [د، س، ق] «عَلَى اللَّهِ» [مس]، «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ نَزِلَّ، أَوْ نُذَلَّ، أَوْ نَضِلَّ، أَوْ نَظْلِمَ، أَوْ نَجْهَلَ، أَوْ يُجْهَلَ عَلَيْنَا» [عه، مس، ي].

wa-ʾidhā kharaja min baytihi qāla: «bi-ismi Allāhi, tawakkaltu» [د، س، ق] «ʿalā Allāhi» [مس], «Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika min ʾan nazilla, ʾaw nudhalla, ʾaw naḍilla, ʾaw naẓlima, ʾaw najhala, ʾaw yujhala ʿalaynā» [عه، مس، ي].

When he leaves his home, he should say: «In the name of Allah; I place my trust» [د، س، ق] «in Allah» [مس]. «O Allah, we seek refuge in You from slipping or being humiliated, going astray, wronging others, acting ignorantly, or having others act ignorantly toward us» [عه، مس، ي].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، التُّكْلَانُ عَلَى اللَّهِ» [مس، ق، ي].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, al-tuklānu ʿalā Allāhi» [مس، ق، ي].

«In the name of Allah. There is no power and no strength except through Allah. All reliance is upon Allah» [مس، ق، ي].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [د، ت، س، حب، ي].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, tawakkaltu ʿalā Allāhi, lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [د، ت، س، حب، ي].

«In the name of Allah. I place my trust in Allah. There is no power and no strength except through Allah» [د، ت، س، حب، ي].

(١) نَحْفِدُ: نُسْرِعُ فِي الْعَمَلِ.

(1) naḥfidu: nusriʿu fī al-ʿamali.

(1) “We hasten” means that we act swiftly.

 

مَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ قَطُّ إِلَّا رَفَعَ طَرْفَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَضِلَّ أَوْ أُضَلَّ، أَوْ أَزِلَّ أَوْ أُزَلَّ، أَوْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ، أَوْ أَجْهَلَ أَوْ يُجْهَلَ عَلَيَّ» [د، ق].

mā kharaja rasūlu Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam min baytihi qaṭṭu ʾillā rafaʿa ṭarfahu ʾilā al-samāʾi fa-qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾaḍilla ʾaw ʾuḍalla, ʾaw ʾazilla ʾaw ʾuzalla, ʾaw ʾaẓlima ʾaw ʾuẓlama, ʾaw ʾajhala ʾaw yujhala ʿalayya» [د، ق].

Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) left his home, he would raise his gaze toward the sky and say: «O Allah, I seek refuge in You from going astray or being led astray, slipping or being made to slip, wronging or being wronged, acting ignorantly or having another act ignorantly toward me» [د، ق].

أَذْكَارُ الْخُرُوجِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ

ʾadhkāru al-khurūji ʾilā al-masjidi

Remembrances When Going to the Mosque

فَإِذَا خَرَجَ لِلصَّلَاةِ:

fa-ʾidhā kharaja li-l-ṣalāti:

When he goes out for prayer:

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورًا، وَفِي بَصَرِي نُورًا، وَفِي سَمْعِي نُورًا، وَعَنْ يَمِينِي نُورًا، وَخَلْفِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ لِي نُورًا» [خ، م، د، س، ق]، «وَفِي عَصَبِي نُورًا، وَفِي لَحْمِي نُورًا، وَفِي دَمِي نُورًا، وَفِي شَعْرِي نُورًا، وَفِي بَشَرِي نُورًا» [خ، م، د، س، ق]،

«Allāhumma ijʿal fī qalbī nūran, wa-fī baṣarī nūran, wa-fī samʿī nūran, wa-ʿan yamīnī nūran, wa-khalfī nūran, wa-ijʿal lī nūran» [خ، م، د، س، ق], «wa-fī ʿaṣabī nūran, wa-fī laḥmī nūran, wa-fī damī nūran, wa-fī shaʿrī nūran, wa-fī basharī nūran» [خ، م، د، س، ق],

«O Allah, place light in my heart, light in my sight, light in my hearing, light on my right, light behind me, and grant me light» [خ، م، د، س، ق]. «Place light in my sinews, light in my flesh, light in my blood, light in my hair, and light in my skin» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

«وَفِي لِسَانِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ فِي نَفْسِي نُورًا، وَأَعْظِمْ لِي نُورًا» [م]، «وَاجْعَلْنِي نُورًا» [س، مس].

«wa-fī lisānī nūran, wa-ijʿal fī nafsī nūran, wa-ʾaʿẓim lī nūran» [م], «wa-ijʿalnī nūran» [س، مس].

«Place light in my tongue, place light within my soul, and make my light great» [م]. «Make me light» [س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورًا، وَفِي لِسَانِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ فِي سَمْعِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ فِي بَصَرِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ مِنْ خَلْفِي نُورًا، وَمِنْ أَمَامِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ مِنْ فَوْقِي نُورًا، وَمِنْ تَحْتِي نُورًا، اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِنِي نُورًا» [م، د، س].

«Allāhumma ijʿal fī qalbī nūran, wa-fī lisānī nūran, wa-ijʿal fī samʿī nūran, wa-ijʿal fī baṣarī nūran, wa-ijʿal min khalfī nūran, wa-min ʾamāmī nūran, wa-ijʿal min fawqī nūran, wa-min taḥtī nūran, Allāhumma ʾaʿṭinī nūran» [م، د، س].

«O Allah, place light in my heart and light in my tongue. Place light in my hearing and light in my sight. Place light behind me and before me. Place light above me and beneath me. O Allah, grant me light» [م، د، س].

وَعِنْدَ دُخُولِ الْمَسْجِدِ:

wa-ʿinda dukhūli al-masjidi:

When entering the mosque:

«أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ، وَبِوَجْهِهِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَسُلْطَانِهِ الْقَدِيمِ، مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ» [د].

«ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi al-ʿaẓīmi, wa-biwajhihi al-karīmi, wa-sulṭānihi al-qadīmi, mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi» [د].

«I seek refuge in Allah the Magnificent, in His noble Countenance, and in His eternal authority from the accursed Satan» [د].

وَإِذَا دَخَلَهُ: فَلْيُسَلِّمْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ [د، س، ق، حب، مس، ي]، وَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ افْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِكَ» [م، د، س، ت، حب، مس، ي].

wa-ʾidhā dakhalahu: fa-lyusallim ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam [د، س، ق، حب، مس، ي], wa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma iftaḥ lī ʾabwāba raḥmatika» [م، د، س، ت، حب، مس، ي].

When he enters, he should greet the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with peace [د، س، ق، حب، مس، ي] and say: «O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy» [م، د، س، ت، حب، مس، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ افْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِكَ، وَسَهِّلْ لَنَا أَبْوَابَ رِزْقِكَ» [ق، عو].

«Allāhumma iftaḥ lī ʾabwāba raḥmatika, wa-sahhil lanā ʾabwāba rizqika» [ق، عو].

«O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy, and make the gates of Your provision easy for us» [ق، عو].

أَوْ يَقُولُ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» [ق، ت، مص، مه]، «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ» [مه]، «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي، وَافْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِكَ» [ق، ت، مص، مه].

ʾaw yaqūlu: «bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-l-salāmu ʿalā rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam» [ق، ت، مص، مه], «Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin» [مه], «Allāhumma ighfir lī dhunūbī, wa-iftaḥ lī ʾabwāba raḥmatika» [ق، ت، مص، مه].

Or he should say: «In the name of Allah, and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)» [ق، ت، مص، مه]. «O Allah, bestow blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad» [مه]. «O Allah, forgive my sins and open for me the gates of Your mercy» [ق، ت، مص، مه].

وَبَعْدَ دُخُولِهِ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ» [مو، مس].

wa-baʿda dukhūlihi: «al-salāmu ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna» [مو، مس].

After entering, he should say: «Peace be upon us and upon Allah’s righteous servants» [مو، مس].

وَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ: فَلْيُسَلِّمْ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ اعْصِمْنِي مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ» [س، ق، حب، مس، ي] «الرَّجِيمِ» [ق]، «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ» [م، د، س].

wa-ʾidhā kharaja minhu: fa-lyusallim ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma iʿṣimnī mina al-shayṭāni» [س، ق، حب، مس، ي] «al-rajīmi» [ق], «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min faḍlika» [م، د، س].

When he leaves the mosque, he should greet the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with peace and say: «O Allah, protect me from Satan» [س، ق، حب، مس، ي], «the accursed» [ق]. «O Allah, I ask You from Your bounty» [م، د، س].

 

أَوْ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ» [مص، ت، ق، مه]، «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ» [مه]، «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي، وَافْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ فَضْلِكَ» [مص، ت، ق، مه].

ʾaw: «bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-l-salāmu ʿalā rasūli Allāhi» [مص، ت، ق، مه], «Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin» [مه], «Allāhumma ighfir lī dhunūbī, wa-iftaḥ lī ʾabwāba faḍlika» [مص، ت، ق، مه].

Or: «In the name of Allah, and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah» [مص، ت، ق، مه]. «O Allah, bestow blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad» [مه]. «O Allah, forgive my sins and open for me the gates of Your bounty» [مص، ت، ق، مه].

وَلَا يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ [خ، م].

wa-lā yajlis ḥattā yuṣalliya rakʿatayni [خ، م].

He should not sit until he has prayed two rak‘ahs [خ، م].

وَإِنْ سَمِعَ مَنْ يَنْشُدُ ضَالَّةً(١) فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾin samiʿa man yanshudu ḍāllatan(1) fī al-masjidi fa-lyaqul:

If he hears someone announcing a lost item(1) in the mosque, let him say:

«لَا رَدَّهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لَمْ تُبْنَ لِهَذَا» [م، د، ق].

«lā raddahā Allāhu ʿalayka, fa-ʾinna al-masājida lam tubna li-hādhā» [م، د، ق].

«May Allah not return it to you, for mosques were not built for this» [م، د، ق].

وَإِنْ رَأَى مَنْ يَبِيعُ أَوْ يَبْتَاعُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾin raʾā man yabīʿu ʾaw yabtāʿu fī al-masjidi fa-lyaqul:

If he sees someone selling or buying in the mosque, let him say:

«لَا أَرْبَحَ اللَّهُ تِجَارَتَكَ» [ت، س، مص، حب].

«lā ʾarbaḥa Allāhu tijārataka» [ت، س، مص، حب].

«May Allah not make your trade profitable» [ت، س، مص، حب].

(١) يُقَالُ نَشَدْتُ الضَّالَّةَ إِذَا طَلَبْتَهَا وَأَنْشَدْتُهَا إِذَا عَرَّفْتَهَا.

(1) yuqālu nashadtu al-ḍāllata ʾidhā ṭalabtahā wa-ʾanshadtuhā ʾidhā ʿarraftahā.

(1) One says nashadtu al-dallah when one searches for a lost item, and anshadtuha when one publicly announces it.

  

مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالْأَذَانِ

mā yataʿallaqu bi-l-ʾadhāni

Matters Related to the Call to Prayer

وَالْأَذَانُ: تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ كَلِمَةً، مَعْرُوفٌ [عه، أ، مه].

wa-l-ʾadhānu: tisʿa ʿashrata kalimatan, maʿrūfun [عه، أ، مه].

The call to prayer consists of nineteen well-known phrases [عه، أ، مه].

وَيُزَادُ فِي أَذَانِ الصُّبْحِ: «الصَّلَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ النَّوْمِ مَرَّتَيْنِ» [د، قط، مه].

wa-yuzādu fī ʾadhāni al-ṣubḥi: «al-ṣalātu khayrun mina al-nawmi marratayni» [د، قط، مه].

The following is added to the dawn call to prayer: «Prayer is better than sleep», twice [د، قط، مه].

وَإِذَا سَمِعَ الْمُؤَذِّنَ:

wa-ʾidhā samiʿa al-muʾadhdhina:

When he hears the caller to prayer:

«فَلْيَقُلْ كَمَا يَقُولُ» [ع، ي]، وَبَعْدَ الْحَيْعَلَةِ(١): لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ [خ، م، د، س].

«fa-lyaqul kamā yaqūlu» [ع، ي], wa-baʿda al-ḥayʿalati(1): lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi [خ، م، د، س].

«Let him say what the caller says» [ع، ي], but after the two calls to prayer and success(1), he should say: «There is no power and no strength except through Allah» [خ، م، د، س].

«إِذَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ» [م، د، س].

«ʾidhā qāla dhālika min qalbihi dakhala al-jannata» [م، د، س].

«If he says that sincerely from his heart, he will enter Paradise» [م، د، س].

«مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ الْمُؤَذِّنَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولًا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا. غُفِرَ لَهُ ذَنْبُهُ» [م، عه، ي].

«man qāla ḥīna yasmaʿu al-muʾadhdhina: ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu, raḍītu bi-llāhi rabban, wa-bimuḥammadin rasūlan, wa-bi-l-ʾislāmi dīnan. ghufira lahu dhanbuhu» [م، عه، ي].

«Whoever says upon hearing the caller to prayer, “I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. I am pleased with Allah as my Lord, Muhammad as my Messenger, and Islam as my religion,” will have his sin forgiven» [م، عه، ي].

«مَنْ قَالَ مِثْلَ مَقَالِهِ - يَعْنِي الْمُؤَذِّنَ - وَشَهِدَ مِثْلَ شَهَادَتِهِ، فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ» [ص].

«man qāla mithla maqālihi - yaʿnī al-muʾadhdhina - wa-shahida mithla shahādatihi, fa-lahu al-jannatu» [ص].

«Whoever repeats what he—the caller to prayer—says and bears witness as he bears witness will have Paradise» [ص].

وَكَانَ إِذَا سَمِعَ الْمُؤَذِّنَ يَتَشَهَّدُ قَالَ: «وَأَنَا، وَأَنَا» [د، حب، مس].

wa-kāna ʾidhā samiʿa al-muʾadhdhina yatashahhadu qāla: «wa-ʾanā, wa-ʾanā» [د، حب، مس].

When he heard the caller to prayer recite the two testimonies, he would say: «And so do I, and so do I» [د، حب، مس].

ثُمَّ لِيُصَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ لَهُ الْوَسِيلَةَ [م، د، ت، س، ي]، يَقُولُ:

thumma liyuṣalli ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam. thumma yasʾalu Allāha lahu al-wasīlata [م، د، ت، س، ي], yaqūlu:

Then he should invoke blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and then ask Allah to grant him the means of approach [م، د، ت، س، ي], saying:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ الْقَائِمَةِ، آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسِيلَةَ وَالْفَضِيلَةَ، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا (الْمَقَامَ الْمَحْمُودَ) [س، حب] الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ» [خ، عه، حب، سني]، «إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ» [سني].

«Allāhumma rabba hādhihi al-daʿwati al-tāmmati, wa-l-ṣalāti al-qāʾimati, ʾāti muḥammadan al-wasīlata wa-l-faḍīlata, wa-ibʿathhu maqāman maḥmūdan (al-maqāma al-maḥmūda) [س، حب] alladhī waʿadtahu» [خ، عه، حب، سني], «ʾinnaka lā tukhlifu al-mīʿāda» [سني].

«O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and the prayer about to be established, grant Muhammad the means of approach and distinction, and raise him to a praised station (the Praised Station) [س، حب] that You have promised him» [خ، عه، حب، سني]. «You never break Your promise» [سني].

«مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ، فَيُكَبِّرُ وَيُكَبِّرُ، وَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَيَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ،

«mā min muslimin yasmaʿu al-nidāʾa, fa-yukabbiru wa-yukabbiru, wa-yaqūlu: ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu. wa-yashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu Allāhi,

«No Muslim hears the call and repeats its declarations of Allah’s greatness, says, “I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah,” and bears witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسِيلَةَ وَالْفَضِيلَةَ، وَاجْعَلْهُ فِي الْأَعْلَيْنَ دَرَجَتَهُ، وَفِي الْمُصْطَفَيْنَ مَحَبَّتَهُ، وَفِي الْمُقَرَّبِينَ ذِكْرَهُ، إِلَّا وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الشَّفَاعَةُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» [ط].

thumma yaqūlu: Allāhumma ʾaʿṭi muḥammadan al-wasīlata wa-l-faḍīlata, wa-ijʿalhu fī al-ʾaʿlayna darajatahu, wa-fī al-muṣṭafayna maḥabbatahu, wa-fī al-muqarrabīna dhikrahu, ʾillā wajabat lahu al-shafāʿatu yawma al-qiyāmati» [ط].

then says, “O Allah, grant Muhammad the means of approach and distinction; place his rank among the highest, his love among those You have chosen, and his renown among those brought near,” then intercession will certainly be assured for him on the Day of Resurrection» [ط].

(١) بَعْدَ قَوْلِ الْمُؤَذِّنِ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ.

(1) baʿda qawli al-muʾadhdhini ḥayya ʿalā al-ṣalāti, ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥi.

(1) After the caller to prayer says, “Come to prayer” and “Come to success.”

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«مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يُنَادِي الْمُنَادِي: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ النَّافِعَةِ، صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَارْضَ عَنِّي رِضًا لَا تَسْخَطُ بَعْدَهُ، اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ دَعْوَتَهُ» [أ، طس، ي].

«man qāla ḥīna yunādī al-munādī: Allāhumma rabba hādhihi al-daʿwati al-qāʾimati, wa-l-ṣalāti al-nāfiʿati, ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-irḍa ʿannī riḍan lā taskhaṭu baʿdahu, istajāba Allāhu daʿwatahu» [أ، طس، ي].

«Whoever says when the caller makes the call, “O Allah, Lord of this enduring call and beneficial prayer, bestow blessings upon Muhammad and be pleased with me with a pleasure after which You will never be displeased,” Allah will answer his supplication» [أ، طس، ي].

«مَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ كَرْبٌ أَوْ شِدَّةٌ، فَلْيَتَحَيَّنِ الْمُنَادِي، فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ كَبَّرَ، وَإِذَا تَشَهَّدَ تَشَهَّدَ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ قَالَ: حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ،

«man nazala bihi karbun ʾaw shiddatun, fa-lyataḥayyani al-munādī, fa-ʾidhā kabbara kabbara, wa-ʾidhā tashahhada tashahhada, wa-ʾidhā qāla: ḥayya ʿalā al-ṣalāti, qāla: ḥayya ʿalā al-ṣalāti, wa-ʾidhā qāla: ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥi qāla: ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥi,

«Whoever is afflicted by distress or hardship should await the caller to prayer. When he declares Allah’s greatness, he should do likewise; when he recites the testimony of faith, he should do likewise; when he says, “Come to prayer,” he should say, “Come to prayer”; and when he says, “Come to success,” he should say, “Come to success.”

ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ الصَّادِقَةِ، الْمُسْتَجَابِ لَهَا، دَعْوَةِ الْحَقِّ، وَكَلِمَةِ التَّقْوَى، أَحْيِنَا عَلَيْهَا، وَأَمِتْنَا عَلَيْهَا، وَابْعَثْنَا عَلَيْهَا، وَاجْعَلْنَا مِنْ خِيَارِ أَهْلِهَا، أَحْيَاءً (مَحْيَا)، وَأَمْوَاتًا (وَمَمَاتًا). ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ حَاجَتَهُ» [مس، ي].

thumma yaqūlu: Allāhumma rabba hādhihi al-daʿwati al-ṣādiqati, al-mustajābi lahā, daʿwati al-ḥaqqi, wa-kalimati al-taqwā, ʾaḥyinā ʿalayhā, wa-ʾamitnā ʿalayhā, wa-ibʿathnā ʿalayhā, wa-ijʿalnā min khiyāri ʾahlihā, ʾaḥyāʾan (maḥyā), wa-ʾamwātan (wa-mamātan). thumma yasʾalu Allāha ḥājatahu» [مس، ي].

Then he should say, “O Allah, Lord of this truthful call that is answered, the call of truth and the word of piety, let us live by it, die by it, and be raised by it. Make us among the best of its people, in life (while living) and in death (while dying).” Then he should ask Allah for what he needs» [مس، ي].

«وَالدُّعَاءُ بَيْنَ الْأَذَانِ وَالْإِقَامَةِ لَا يُرَدُّ (مُسْتَجَابٌ) [د، ت، س، حب، ص]، فَادْعُوا» [ص]، «فَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ» [ت].

«wa-l-duʿāʾu bayna al-ʾadhāni wa-l-ʾiqāmati lā yuraddu (mustajābun) [د، ت، س، حب، ص], fa-udʿū» [ص], «fa-isʾalū Allāha al-ʿāfiyata fī al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati» [ت].

«Supplication between the call to prayer and the call to commence prayer is not rejected (is answered) [د، ت، س، حب، ص], so supplicate» [ص], «and ask Allah for well-being in this world and the Hereafter» [ت].

وَالْإِقَامَةُ:

wa-l-ʾiqāmatu:

The call to commence prayer is:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، حَيَّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» [أ، د، ق، مه، ت].

«Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhu ʾakbaru, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu Allāhi, ḥayya ʿalā al-ṣalāti, ḥayya ʿalā al-falāḥi, qad qāmati al-ṣalātu, qad qāmati al-ṣalātu, Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhu ʾakbaru, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu» [أ، د، ق، مه، ت].

«Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah. I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Come to prayer. Come to success. The prayer is beginning, the prayer is beginning. Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest. There is no deity but Allah» [أ، د، ق، مه، ت].

أَوْ هِيَ كَالْأَذَانِ، إِلَّا فِي التَّرْجِيعِ(١)، وَزِيَادَةِ: قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ [أ، عه، مه].

ʾaw hiya ka-l-ʾadhāni, ʾillā fī al-tarjīʿi(1), wa-ziyādati: qad qāmati al-ṣalātu, qad qāmati al-ṣalātu [أ، عه، مه].

Or it is like the call to prayer, except for repeating the two testimonies first softly and then aloud(1), and for adding: «The prayer is beginning, the prayer is beginning» [أ، عه، مه].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ

mā yuqālu fī al-ṣalāti

What to Say During Prayer

وَإِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ:

wa-ʾidhā qāma ʾilā al-ṣalāti al-maktūbati:

When he rises to perform an obligatory prayer:

قَالَ [م، عه، حب] بَعْدَ التَّكْبِيرِ [م، ت]:

qāla [م، عه، حب] baʿda al-takbīri [م، ت]:

He should say [م، عه، حب] after declaring Allah’s greatness [م، ت]:

«وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا(٢)، وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ، وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الْمَلِكُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَنْتَ

«wajjahtu wajhiya li-lladhī faṭara al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍa ḥanīfan(2), wa-mā ʾanā mina al-mushrikīna, ʾinna ṣalātī wa-nusukī wa-maḥyāya wa-mamātī li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, lā sharīka lahu, wa-bi-dhālika ʾumirtu, wa-ʾanā mina al-muslimīna. Allāhumma ʾanta al-maliku, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, ʾanta

«I turn my face toward the One who originated the heavens and earth, inclining uprightly to the truth(2), and I am not one of those who associate partners with Allah. My prayer, my sacrificial rites, my life, and my death are for Allah, Lord of all worlds, with no partner. This I have been commanded, and I am one of the Muslims. O Allah, You are the King; there is no deity but You. You are

(١) التَّرْجِيعُ فِي الْأَذَانِ: أَنْ يُثَنِّيَ الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ أَوَّلًا خَفِيًّا ثُمَّ يُثَنِّيهِمَا مَرَّةً ثَانِيَةً مَرْفُوعَ الصَّوْتِ.

(1) al-tarjīʿu fī al-ʾadhāni: ʾan yuthanniya al-shahādatayni ʾawwalan khafiyyan thumma yuthannīhimā marratan thāniyatan marfūʿa al-ṣawti.

(1) Repetition in the call to prayer means reciting the two testimonies twice softly at first, and then reciting them twice again in a raised voice.

(٢) حَنِيفًا: الْحَنِيفُ الْمَائِلُ إِلَى الدِّينِ الْحَقِّ وَهُوَ الْإِسْلَامُ.

(2) ḥanīfan: al-ḥanīfu al-māʾilu ʾilā al-dīni al-ḥaqqi wa-huwa al-ʾislāmu.

(2) A hanif is one who inclines toward the true religion, which is Islam.

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رَبِّي، وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي، وَاعْتَرَفْتُ بِذَنْبِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي جَمِيعًا، إِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَاهْدِنِي لِأَحْسَنِ الْأَخْلَاقِ، لَا يَهْدِي لِأَحْسَنِهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَاصْرِفْ عَنِّي سَيِّئَهَا، لَا يَصْرِفُ عَنِّي سَيِّئَهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ،

rabbī, wa-ʾanā ʿabduka, ẓalamtu nafsī, wa-iʿtaraftu bidhanbī, fa-ighfir lī dhunūbī jamīʿan, ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta, wa-ihdinī li-ʾaḥsani al-ʾakhlāqi, lā yahdī li-ʾaḥsanihā ʾillā ʾanta, wa-iṣrif ʿannī sayyiʾahā, lā yaṣrifu ʿannī sayyiʾahā ʾillā ʾanta,

my Lord, and I am Your servant. I have wronged myself and acknowledged my sin, so forgive me all my sins, for none forgives sins but You. Guide me to the finest character, for none guides to it but You; and turn bad character away from me, for none turns it away from me but You.

لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ، وَالْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ بِيَدَيْكَ، وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ(١)، أَنَا بِكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، تَبَارَكْتَ وَتَعَالَيْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ» [م، عه، حب، ط].

labbayka wa-saʿdayka, wa-l-khayru kulluhu biyadayka, wa-l-sharru laysa ʾilayka(1), ʾanā bika wa-ʾilayka, tabārakta wa-taʿālayta, ʾastaghfiruka wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayka» [م، عه، حب، ط].

Here I am at Your service, devoted to pleasing You. All good is in Your hands, and evil is not to You(1). I exist through You and return to You. Blessed and exalted are You. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You» [م، عه، حب، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ بَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْسِلْ (اغْسِلْنِي مِنْ) خَطَئِي بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

«Allāhumma bāʿid baynī wa-bayna khaṭāyāya kamā bāʿadta bayna al-mashriqi wa-l-maghribi, Allāhumma ighsil (ighsilnī min) khaṭaʾī bi-l-māʾi wa-l-thalji wa-l-baradi» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

«O Allah, distance me from my sins as You have distanced the east from the west. O Allah, wash away (wash me of) my sins with water, snow, and hail» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

«سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، تَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ» [د، ت، ق، مس، ط، مو، م].

«subḥānaka Allāhumma wa-biḥamdika, tabāraka ismuka, wa-taʿālā jadduka, wa-lā ʾilāha ghayruka» [د، ت، ق، مس، ط، مو، م].

«Glory and praise be to You, O Allah. Blessed is Your name, exalted is Your majesty, and there is no deity besides You» [د، ت، ق، مس، ط، مو، م].

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا» [م، ت، س].

«Allāhu ʾakbaru kabīran, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi kathīran, wa-subḥāna Allāhi bukratan wa-ʾaṣīlan» [م، ت، س].

«Allah is truly the Greatest; abundant praise is due to Allah; and glory be to Allah morning and evening» [م، ت، س].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ حَمْدًا كَثِيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبَارَكًا [م، د، س] فِيهِ» [د، س].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ḥamdan kathīran ṭayyiban mubārakan [م، د، س] fīhi» [د، س].

«All praise is due to Allah—abundant, wholesome, blessed praise» [م، د، س] «within it» [د، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ بَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ ذَنْبِي كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ، وَنَقِّنِي مِنْ خَطِيئَتِي كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ» [ط].

«Allāhumma bāʿid baynī wa-bayna dhanbī kamā bāʿadta bayna al-mashriqi wa-l-maghribi, wa-naqqinī min khaṭīʾatī kamā naqqayta al-thawba mina al-danasi» [ط].

«O Allah, distance me from my sin as You have distanced the east from the west, and cleanse me of my offense as You cleanse a garment of filth» [ط].

وَفِي صَلَاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ [د]:

wa-fī ṣalāti al-taṭawwuʿi [د]:

And in a voluntary prayer [د]:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا، ثَلَاثًا. الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا، ثَلَاثًا. سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا، ثَلَاثًا. أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ» [و، سني]، «مِنْ نَفْخِهِ، وَنَفْثِهِ، وَهَمْزِهِ» [د، ق، حب، مس، مص، سني].

«Allāhu ʾakbaru kabīran, thalāthan. al-ḥamdu li-llāhi kathīran, thalāthan. subḥāna Allāhi bukratan wa-ʾaṣīlan, thalāthan. ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi» [و، سني], «min nafkhihi, wa-nafthihi, wa-hamzihi» [د، ق، حب، مس، مص، سني].

«Allah is truly the Greatest», three times. «Abundant praise is due to Allah», three times. «Glory be to Allah morning and evening», three times. «I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan» [و، سني], «from his puffing, his blowing, and his prompting» [د، ق، حب، مس، مص، سني].

«سُبْحَانَ ذِي الْمَلَكُوتِ وَالْجَبَرُوتِ وَالْكِبْرِيَاءِ وَالْعَظَمَةِ» [طس].

«subḥāna dhī al-malakūti wa-l-jabarūti wa-l-kibriyāʾi wa-l-ʿaẓamati» [طس].

«Glory be to the Possessor of the dominion, absolute power, grandeur, and greatness» [طس].

وَ«إِذَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ ﴿غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾ [الْفَاتِحَةِ: ٧]، فَلْيَقُلِ الْمَأْمُومُ: آمِينَ. يُجِبْهُ اللَّهُ» [م، د، س، ق].

wa-«ʾidhā qāla al-ʾimāmu ﴿ghayri al-maghḍūbi ʿalayhim wa-lā al-ḍāllīna﴾ [al-fātiḥati: 7], fa-lyaquli al-maʾmūmu: ʾāmīna. yujibhu Allāhu» [م، د، س، ق].

«When the imam says, ﴿Not those who incurred wrath, nor those who went astray﴾ [الْفَاتِحَةِ: ٧], the follower should say, “Amin,” and Allah will answer him» [م، د، س، ق].

«إِذَا أَمَّنَ الْإِمَامُ، فَلْيُؤَمِّنِ الْمَأْمُومُ، فَمَنْ وَافَقَ تَأْمِينُهُ تَأْمِينَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ» [خ، م].

«ʾidhā ʾammana al-ʾimāmu, fa-lyuʾammini al-maʾmūmu, fa-man wāfaqa taʾmīnuhu taʾmīna al-malāʾikati, ghufira lahu mā taqaddama min dhanbihi» [خ، م].

«When the imam says “Amin,” the follower should say “Amin.” Whoever says it at the same time as the angels will have his past sins forgiven» [خ، م].

(١) مَعْنَاهُ لَا يُتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ.

(1) maʿnāhu lā yutaqarrabu bihi ʾilayka.

(1) It means that evil is not a means by which anyone draws near to You.

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وَلَمَّا قَالَ ﷺ: «آمِينَ» مَدَّ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ [أ، د، ت، مص]، رَفَعَ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ.

wa-lammā qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «ʾāmīna» madda bihā ṣawtahu [أ، د، ت، مص], rafaʿa bihā ṣawtahu.

When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said «Amin», he prolonged it with his voice [أ، د، ت، مص] and raised his voice with it.

وَكَانَ إِذَا قَالَ: «آمِينَ»، يُسْمِعُ مَنْ يَلِيهِ مِنَ الصَّفِّ الْأَوَّلِ [د، ق]، فَيَرْتَجُّ بِهَا الْمَسْجِدُ [ق]، وَقَالَ: «آمِينَ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [ط].

wa-kāna ʾidhā qāla: «ʾāmīna», yusmiʿu man yalīhi mina al-ṣaffi al-ʾawwali [د، ق], fa-yartajju bihā al-masjidu [ق], wa-qāla: «ʾāmīna» thalātha marrātin [ط].

When he said «Amin», he would make those next to him in the first row hear it [د، ق], until the mosque resounded with it [ق]. He also said «Amin» three times [ط].

وَحِينَ قَالَ: ﴿وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ﴾، قَالَ: «رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي، آمِينَ» [ط].

wa-ḥīna qāla: ﴿wa-lā al-ḍāllīna﴾, qāla: «rabbi ighfir lī, ʾāmīna» [ط].

After saying ﴿nor those who went astray﴾, he said: «My Lord, forgive me. Amin» [ط].

وَإِذَا رَكَعَ:

wa-ʾidhā rakaʿa:

When he bows:

«سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ» [م، عه، حب، مس، ر] ثَلَاثًا [ر]، وَذَلِكَ أَدْنَاهُ [د].

«subḥāna rabbiya al-ʿaẓīmi» [م، عه، حب، مس، ر] thalāthan [ر], wa-dhālika ʾadnāhu [د].

«Glory be to my Lord, the Magnificent» [م، عه، حب، مس، ر], three times [ر]; that is the minimum [د].

«سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي» [خ، أ، م، د، س، ق].

«subḥānaka Allāhumma rabbanā wa-biḥamdika, Allāhumma ighfir lī» [خ، أ، م، د، س، ق].

«Glory and praise be to You, O Allah, our Lord. O Allah, forgive me» [خ، أ، م، د، س، ق].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [أ، ط].

«subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi. thalātha marrātin» [أ، ط].

«Glory and praise be to Allah», three times [أ، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ رَكَعْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، خَشَعَ لَكَ سَمْعِي، وَبَصَرِي، وَمُخِّي، وَعَظْمِي، وَعَصَبِي» [م، د، س].

«Allāhumma laka rakaʿtu, wa-bika ʾāmantu, wa-laka ʾaslamtu, khashaʿa laka samʿī, wa-baṣarī, wa-mukhkhī, wa-ʿaẓmī, wa-ʿaṣabī» [م، د، س].

«O Allah, to You I have bowed, in You I have believed, and to You I have submitted. My hearing, my sight, my brain, my bones, and my sinews have humbled themselves before You» [م، د، س].

«سُبُّوحٌ، قُدُّوسٌ، رَبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالرُّوحِ(١)» [م، د، س].

«subbūḥun, quddūsun, rabbu al-malāʾikati wa-l-rūḥi(1)» [م، د، س].

«Supremely Glorious, Most Holy, Lord of the angels and the Spirit(1)» [م، د، س].

«رَكَعَ لَكَ سَوَادِي(٢)، وَخَيَالِي، وَآمَنَ بِكَ فُؤَادِي، أَبُوءُ(٣) بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، هَذِهِ يَدَايَ وَمَا جَنَيْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي» [د].

«rakaʿa laka sawādī(2), wa-khayālī, wa-ʾāmana bika fuʾādī, ʾabūʾu(3) biniʿmatika ʿalayya, hādhihi yadāya wa-mā janaytu ʿalā nafsī» [د].

«My person(2) and my shadow have bowed to You, and my heart has believed in You. I acknowledge(3) Your blessing upon me. Here are my two hands and what I have brought upon myself» [د].

«سُبْحَانَ ذِي الْجَبَرُوتِ، وَالْمَلَكُوتِ، وَالْكِبْرِيَاءِ، وَالْعَظَمَةِ» [د، س].

«subḥāna dhī al-jabarūti, wa-l-malakūti, wa-l-kibriyāʾi, wa-l-ʿaẓamati» [د، س].

«Glory be to the Possessor of absolute power, dominion, grandeur, and greatness» [د، س].

وَإِذَا قَامَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā qāma mina al-rukūʿi qāla:

When he rises from bowing, he should say:

«سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» [م، عه، ط].

«samiʿa Allāhu liman ḥamidahu» [م، عه، ط].

«Allah hears the one who praises Him» [م، عه، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ» [خ، م، ت، س، د]، «رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ» [خ، م]، «رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ» [خ]، «رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ حَمْدًا كَثِيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبَارَكًا فِيهِ» [خ، د، س].

«Allāhumma rabbanā laka al-ḥamdu» [خ، م، ت، س، د], «rabbanā wa-laka al-ḥamdu» [خ، م], «rabbanā laka al-ḥamdu» [خ], «rabbanā wa-laka al-ḥamdu ḥamdan kathīran ṭayyiban mubārakan fīhi» [خ، د، س].

«O Allah, our Lord, to You belongs all praise» [خ، م، ت، س، د]. «Our Lord, and to You belongs all praise» [خ، م]. «Our Lord, to You belongs all praise» [خ]. «Our Lord, and to You belongs abundant, wholesome, blessed praise» [خ، د، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَمِلْءَ الْأَرْضِ، وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ، اللَّهُمَّ طَهِّرْنِي بِالثَّلْجِ، وَالْبَرَدِ، وَالْمَاءِ الْبَارِدِ، اللَّهُمَّ طَهِّرْنِي مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَالْخَطَايَا كَمَا يُنَقَّى الثَّوْبُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْوَسَخِ (الدَّنَسِ، الدَّرَنِ)» [م، د، ت، ق].

«Allāhumma laka al-ḥamdu milʾa al-samāwāti, wa-milʾa al-ʾarḍi, wa-milʾa mā shiʾta min shayʾin baʿdu, Allāhumma ṭahhirnī bi-l-thalji, wa-l-baradi, wa-l-māʾi al-bāridi, Allāhumma ṭahhirnī mina al-dhunūbi wa-l-khaṭāyā kamā yunaqqā al-thawbu al-ʾabyaḍu mina al-wasakhi (al-danasi, al-darani)» [م، د، ت، ق].

«O Allah, to You belongs all praise, filling the heavens, filling the earth, and filling whatever else You will thereafter. O Allah, purify me with snow, hail, and cold water. O Allah, purify me of sins and offenses as a white garment is cleansed of dirt (filth, grime)» [م، د، ت، ق].

(١) الرُّوحُ مَلَكٌ عَظِيمٌ، وَقِيلَ هُوَ جِبْرِيلُ، وَقِيلَ إِنَّ الرُّوحَ خَلْقٌ لَا تَرَاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كَنِسْبَةِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَيْنَا.

(1) al-rūḥu malakun ʿaẓīmun, wa-qīla huwa jibrīlu, wa-qīla ʾinna al-rūḥa khalqun lā tarāhumu al-malāʾikatu kanisbati al-malāʾikati ʾilaynā.

(1) The Spirit is a mighty angel; it is also said to be Gabriel. Another view is that “the Spirit” is a collective name for beings whom the angels cannot see, just as we cannot see the angels.

(٢) سَوَادِي: شَخْصِي.

(2) sawādī: shakhṣī.

(2) “My person” means: my physical self.

(٣) أَبُوءُ: أَعْتَرِفُ وَأُقِرُّ وَأَلْتَزِمُ.

(3) ʾabūʾu: ʾaʿtarifu wa-ʾuqirru wa-ʾaltazimu.

(3) “I acknowledge” means: I admit, affirm, and accept responsibility.

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«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَمِلْءَ الْأَرْضِ، وَمِلْءَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا، وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ، أَهْلَ الثَّنَاءِ وَالْمَجْدِ، أَحَقُّ مَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ، وَكُلُّنَا لَكَ عَبْدٌ؛ لَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ» [م، د، س].

«Allāhumma rabbanā laka al-ḥamdu milʾa al-samāwāti, wa-milʾa al-ʾarḍi, wa-milʾa mā baynahumā, wa-milʾa mā shiʾta min shayʾin baʿdu, ʾahla al-thanāʾi wa-l-majdi, ʾaḥaqqu mā qāla al-ʿabdu, wa-kullunā laka ʿabdun; lā māniʿa limā ʾaʿṭayta, wa-lā muʿṭiya limā manaʿta, wa-lā yanfaʿu dhā al-jaddi minka al-jaddu» [م، د، س].

“O Allah, our Lord, to You belongs all praise, filling the heavens, filling the earth, filling all that lies between them, and filling whatever else You will thereafter. You are worthy of praise and glory. The truest words a servant can say—and all of us are Your servants—are: none can withhold what You give, none can give what You withhold, and the fortune of one endowed with fortune is of no benefit against You” [م، د، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَمِلْءَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا، وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ بَعْدُ، أَهْلَ الثَّنَاءِ، وَأَهْلَ الْكِبْرِيَاءِ وَالْمَجْدِ، لَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ» [ط].

«Allāhumma rabbanā laka al-ḥamdu milʾa al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, wa-milʾa mā baynahumā, wa-milʾa mā shiʾta baʿdu, ʾahla al-thanāʾi, wa-ʾahla al-kibriyāʾi wa-l-majdi, lā māniʿa limā ʾaʿṭayta, wa-lā yanfaʿu dhā al-jaddi minka al-jaddu» [ط].

“O Allah, our Lord, to You belongs all praise, filling the heavens and the earth, filling all that lies between them, and filling whatever else You will thereafter. You are worthy of praise, greatness, and glory. None can withhold what You give, and the fortune of one endowed with fortune is of no benefit against You” [ط].

وَإِذَا سَجَدَ:

wa-ʾidhā sajada:

When he prostrates:

«سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى» [م، عه، حب، مس]، ثَلَاثًا [ر]، وَذَلِكَ أَدْنَاهُ [د].

«subḥāna rabbiya al-ʾaʿlā» [م، عه، حب، مس], thalāthan [ر], wa-dhālika ʾadnāhu [د].

“Glory be to my Lord, the Most High” [م، عه، حب، مس], three times [ر]; this is the minimum [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعُوذُ بِرِضَاكَ مِنْ سَخَطِكَ، وَبِمُعَافَاتِكَ مِنْ عُقُوبَتِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْكَ، لَا أُحْصِي ثَنَاءً عَلَيْكَ، أَنْتَ كَمَا أَثْنَيْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ» [م، عه].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿūdhu biriḍāka min sakhaṭika, wa-bimuʿāfātika min ʿuqūbatika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika minka, lā ʾuḥṣī thanāʾan ʿalayka, ʾanta kamā ʾathnayta ʿalā nafsika» [م، عه].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your wrath, in Your pardon from Your punishment, and in You from You. I cannot enumerate praise of You; You are as You have praised Yourself” [م، عه].

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ سَجَدْتُ، وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ، وَلَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ، سَجَدَ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ، وَصَوَّرَهُ، فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَهُ [د، س]، وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ، تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ» [م، د، س].

«Allāhumma laka sajadtu, wa-bika ʾāmantu, wa-laka ʾaslamtu, sajada wajhiya li-lladhī khalaqahu, wa-ṣawwarahu, fa-ʾaḥsana ṣuwarahu [د، س], wa-shaqqa samʿahu wa-baṣarahu, tabāraka Allāhu ʾaḥsanu al-khāliqīna» [م، د، س].

“O Allah, to You I have prostrated, in You I have believed, and to You I have submitted. My face has prostrated to the One who created it, fashioned it, and made its form beautiful [د، س], and who opened its hearing and sight. Blessed is Allah, the best of creators” [م، د، س].

«خَشَعَ سَمْعِي، وَبَصَرِي، وَدَمِي، وَلَحْمِي، وَعَظْمِي، وَعَصَبِي» [حب]، «وَمَا اسْتَقَلَّتْ بِهِ قَدَمِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [س، حب].

«khashaʿa samʿī, wa-baṣarī, wa-damī, wa-laḥmī, wa-ʿaẓmī, wa-ʿaṣabī» [حب], «wa-mā istaqallat bihi qadamī li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [س، حب].

“My hearing, sight, blood, flesh, bones, and sinews have humbled themselves” [حب], “as has all that my feet carry, before Allah, Lord of the worlds” [س، حب].

«سُبُّوحٌ قُدُّوسٌ، رَبُّ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالرُّوحِ» [م، د، س].

«subbūḥun quddūsun, rabbu al-malāʾikati wa-l-rūḥi» [م، د، س].

“Supremely Glorious, Most Holy, Lord of the angels and the Spirit” [م، د، س].

«سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَبِحَمْدِكَ» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

«subḥānaka Allāhumma rabbanā wa-biḥamdika» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

“Glory and praise be to You, O Allah, our Lord” [خ، م، د، س، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِيَ كُلَّهُ، دِقَّهُ وَجِلَّهُ، أَوَّلَهُ وَآخِرَهُ، عَلَانِيَتَهُ وَسِرَّهُ» [م، د].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī dhanbiya kullahu, diqqahu wa-jillahu, ʾawwalahu wa-ʾākhirahu, ʿalāniyatahu wa-sirrahu» [م، د].

“O Allah, forgive me all my sin: its minor and major, its first and last, its open and secret” [م، د].

«اللَّهُمَّ سَجَدَ لَكَ سَوَادِي، وَخَيَالِي، وَبِكَ آمَنَ فُؤَادِي، أَبُوءُ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، وَهَذَا مَا جَنَيْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي، يَا عَظِيمُ يَا عَظِيمُ، اغْفِرْ لِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ الْعَظِيمَةَ إِلَّا الرَّبُّ الْعَظِيمُ» [م، س].

«Allāhumma sajada laka sawādī, wa-khayālī, wa-bika ʾāmana fuʾādī, ʾabūʾu biniʿmatika ʿalayya, wa-hādhā mā janaytu ʿalā nafsī, yā ʿaẓīmu yā ʿaẓīmu, ighfir lī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba al-ʿaẓīmata ʾillā al-rabbu al-ʿaẓīmu» [م، س].

“O Allah, my body and my very being have prostrated to You, and my heart has believed in You. I acknowledge Your blessing upon me and what I have brought upon myself. O Magnificent One, O Magnificent One, forgive me, for none forgives grave sins but the Magnificent Lord” [م، س].

«سُبْحَانَ ذِي الْمُلْكِ وَالْمَلَكُوتِ، سُبْحَانَ ذِي الْعِزَّةِ وَالْجَبَرُوتِ، سُبْحَانَ الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ، أَعُوذُ بِعَفْوِكَ مِنْ عِقَابِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِرِضَاكَ مِنْ سَخَطِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْكَ، جَلَّ وَجْهُكَ» [مس].

«subḥāna dhī al-mulki wa-l-malakūti, subḥāna dhī al-ʿizzati wa-l-jabarūti, subḥāna al-ḥayyi alladhī lā yamūtu, ʾaʿūdhu biʿafwika min ʿiqābika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu biriḍāka min sakhaṭika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika minka, jalla wajhuka» [مس].

“Glory be to the Possessor of sovereignty and the unseen dominion. Glory be to the Possessor of might and irresistible power. Glory be to the Ever-Living One who never dies. I seek refuge in Your pardon from Your punishment, in Your pleasure from Your wrath, and in You from You. Majestic is Your Countenance” [مس].

(١) ذَا الْجَدِّ: أَيْ الْحَظَّ وَالْغِنَى وَالْعَظَمَةَ، أَوِ الْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْفَعُهُ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يَنْفَعُهُ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ.

(1) dhā al-jaddi: ʾay al-ḥaẓẓa wa-l-ghinā wa-l-ʿaẓamata, ʾawi al-maʿnā ʾannahu lā yanfaʿuhu dhālika ʾinnamā yanfaʿuhu al-ʿamalu al-ṣāliḥu.

(1) “One endowed with fortune” means one who possesses good fortune, wealth, and greatness. Alternatively, the meaning is that none of this benefits him; only righteous deeds benefit him.

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«رَبِّ أَعْطِ نَفْسِي تَقْوَاهَا، زَكِّهَا أَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا، أَنْتَ وَلِيُّهَا وَمَوْلَاهَا» [أ].

«rabbi ʾaʿṭi nafsī taqwāhā, zakkihā ʾanta khayru man zakkāhā, ʾanta waliyyuhā wa-mawlāhā» [أ].

“My Lord, grant my soul its piety and purify it; You are the best to purify it. You are its Guardian and Master” [أ].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا أَسْرَرْتُ، وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ» [مص].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī mā ʾasrartu, wa-mā ʾaʿlantu» [مص].

“O Allah, forgive what I have concealed and what I have made public” [مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ فِي سَمْعِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ فِي بَصَرِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ أَمَامِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ خَلْفِي نُورًا، وَاجْعَلْ مِنْ تَحْتِي نُورًا، وَأَعْظِمْ لِي نُورًا» [مص].

«Allāhumma ijʿal fī qalbī nūran, wa-ijʿal fī samʿī nūran, wa-ijʿal fī baṣarī nūran, wa-ijʿal ʾamāmī nūran, wa-ijʿal khalfī nūran, wa-ijʿal min taḥtī nūran, wa-ʾaʿẓim lī nūran» [مص].

“O Allah, place light in my heart, light in my hearing, light in my sight, light before me, light behind me, and light beneath me, and magnify light for me” [مص].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي سَجْدَةِ التِّلَاوَةِ

mā yuqālu fī sajdati al-tilāwati

What to Say in the Prostration of Recitation

وَفِي سُجُودِ الْقُرْآنِ:

wa-fī sujūdi al-qurʾāni:

During a prostration for Qur'an recitation:

«سَجَدَ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ وَصَوَّرَهُ، وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ، بِحَوْلِهِ وَقُوَّتِهِ» [س، د، ت، مس]، مِرَارًا [د]، «فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ» [مس].

«sajada wajhiya li-lladhī khalaqahu wa-ṣawwarahu, wa-shaqqa samʿahu wa-baṣarahu, biḥawlihi wa-quwwatihi» [س، د، ت، مس], mirāran [د], «fa-tabāraka Allāhu ʾaḥsanu al-khāliqīna» [مس].

“My face has prostrated to the One who created and fashioned it and opened its hearing and sight by His power and strength” [س، د، ت، مس], repeated several times [د]; “Blessed is Allah, the best of creators” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اكْتُبْ لِي عِنْدَكَ بِهَا أَجْرًا، وَضَعْ عَنِّي بِهَا وِزْرًا، وَاجْعَلْهَا لِي عِنْدَكَ ذُخْرًا، وَتَقَبَّلْهَا مِنِّي كَمَا تَقَبَّلْتَهَا مِنْ عَبْدِكَ دَاوُدَ» [ت، ق، حب، مس].

«Allāhumma uktub lī ʿindaka bihā ʾajran, waḍaʿ ʿannī bihā wizran, wa-ijʿalhā lī ʿindaka dhukhran, wa-taqabbalhā minnī kamā taqabbaltahā min ʿabdika dāwūda» [ت، ق، حب، مس].

“O Allah, record a reward for me through it, remove a burden from me through it, store it with You as a treasure for me, and accept it from me as You accepted it from Your servant David” [ت، ق، حب، مس].

«مَا وَضَعَ رَجُلٌ جَبْهَتَهُ لِلَّهِ سَاجِدًا فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي، ثَلَاثًا، إِلَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَقَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ» [مو، مص].

«mā waḍaʿa rajulun jabhatahu li-llāhi sājidan fa-qāla: yā rabbi ighfir lī, thalāthan, ʾillā rafaʿa raʾsahu wa-qad ghufira lahu» [مو، مص].

“No man places his forehead down in prostration to Allah and says three times, ‘My Lord, forgive me,’ without raising his head having been forgiven” [مو، مص].

مَا يُقَالُ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ

mā yuqālu bayna al-sajdatayni

What to Say Between the Two Prostrations

وَإِذَا جَلَسَ بَيْنَ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ:

wa-ʾidhā jalasa bayna al-sajdatayni:

When he sits between the two prostrations:

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَارْحَمْنِي، وَعَافِنِي، وَاهْدِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي» [د، ت، ق، مس، سني]، «وَاجْبُرْنِي» [ت، سني]، «وَارْفَعْنِي» [مس، ق، سني].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī wa-irḥamnī, wa-ʿāfinī, wa-ihdinī, wa-urzuqnī» [د، ت، ق، مس، سني], «wa-ujburnī» [ت، سني], «wa-irfaʿnī» [مس، ق، سني].

“O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, grant me well-being, guide me, and provide for me” [د، ت، ق، مس، سني]; “mend my condition” [ت، سني]; “and raise me” [مس، ق، سني].

وَيَقْنُتُ:

wa-yaqnutu:

He should recite the qunut supplication:

فِي الْفَجْرِ [ر، مس، مو، مص]، وَفِي سَائِرِ الصَّلَوَاتِ إِنْ نَزَلَتْ نَازِلَةٌ، إِذَا قَالَ: «سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ» فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ، وَيُؤَمِّنُ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ [أ، د].

fī al-fajri [ر، مس، مو، مص], wa-fī sāʾiri al-ṣalawāti ʾin nazalat nāzilatun, ʾidhā qāla: «samiʿa Allāhu liman ḥamidahu» fī al-rakʿati al-ʾakhīrati, wa-yuʾamminu man khalfahu [أ، د].

In the dawn prayer [ر، مس، مو، مص], and in all the other prayers when a calamity occurs, after saying, “Allah hears whoever praises Him,” in the final unit of prayer; those behind him say Amen [أ، د].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ

mā yuqālu fī al-tashahhudi

What to Say in the Tashahhud

وَإِذَا جَلَسَ لِلتَّشَهُّدِ:

wa-ʾidhā jalasa li-l-tashahhudi:

When he sits for the tashahhud:

«التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ، وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ

«al-taḥiyyātu li-llāhi, wa-l-ṣalawātu, wa-l-ṭayyibātu, al-salāmu ʿalayka ʾayyuhā al-nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi

“All greetings belong to Allah, as do prayers and all good things. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah

(١) الطَّيِّبَاتُ: قِيلَ هِيَ مَا طَابَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ، وَقِيلَ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَقِيلَ الْأَعْمَالُ الصَّالِحَةُ.

(1) al-ṭayyibātu: qīla hiya mā ṭāba mina al-kalāmi, wa-qīla dhikru Allāhi taʿālā, wa-qīla al-ʾaʿmālu al-ṣāliḥatu.

(1) “The good things” is said to mean all wholesome speech, the remembrance of Allah Most High, or righteous deeds.

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وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ (س، سَلَامٌ)، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» [ع، سني].

wa-barakātuhu, al-salāmu ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna (s, salāmun), ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu» [ع، سني].

and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's righteous servants (in al-Nasa’i: ‘Peace’). I testify that there is no deity but Allah alone, without partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger” [ع، سني].

«التَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ (سَلَامٌ) عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ (س: سَلَامٌ فِيهِمَا)، السَّلَامُ (سَلَامٌ) عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ» [م، عه، حب].

«al-taḥiyyātu al-mubārakātu al-ṣalawātu al-ṭayyibātu li-llāhi, al-salāmu (salāmun) ʿalayka ʾayyuhā al-nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu (s: salāmun fīhimā), al-salāmu (salāmun) ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu Allāhi» [م، عه، حب].

“All blessed greetings, prayers, and good things belong to Allah. Peace (variant: ‘peace’ without the definite article) be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah (in al-Nasa’i: the indefinite form in both places). Peace (variant: ‘peace’ without the definite article) be upon us and upon Allah's righteous servants. I testify that there is no deity but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah” [م، عه، حب].

«التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ» [س]، «وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» [م، د، س، ق].

«al-taḥiyyātu al-ṭayyibātu al-ṣalawātu li-llāhi, al-salāmu ʿalayka ʾayyuhā al-nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu, al-salāmu ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu» [س], «wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu» [م، د، س، ق].

“All greetings, good things, and prayers belong to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's righteous servants. I testify that there is no deity but Allah alone, without partner” [س], “and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger” [م، د، س، ق].

«التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ، وَالْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ» [د].

«al-taḥiyyātu al-ṭayyibātu, wa-l-ṣalawātu, wa-l-mulku li-llāhi» [د].

“All greetings, good things, prayers, and sovereignty belong to Allah” [د].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ، التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، وَالصَّلَوَاتُ، وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» [س، ق، مس].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-bi-llāhi, al-taḥiyyātu li-llāhi, wa-l-ṣalawātu, wa-l-ṭayyibātu, al-salāmu ʿalayka ʾayyuhā al-nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu, al-salāmu ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu» [س، ق، مس].

“In the name of Allah and through Allah. All greetings belong to Allah, as do prayers and good things. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's righteous servants. I testify that there is no deity but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger” [س، ق، مس].

«التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ، الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» [مو، مس، طا].

«al-taḥiyyātu li-llāhi, al-zākiyātu li-llāhi, al-ṭayyibātu al-ṣalawātu li-llāhi, al-salāmu ʿalayka ʾayyuhā al-nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu, al-salāmu ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu» [مو، مس، طا].

“All greetings belong to Allah, all pure things belong to Allah, and all good prayers belong to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's righteous servants. I testify that there is no deity but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger” [مو، مس، طا].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَبِاللَّهِ خَيْرِ الْأَسْمَاءِ، التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا، وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا،

«bi-ismi Allāhi wa-bi-llāhi khayri al-ʾasmāʾi, al-taḥiyyātu al-ṭayyibātu al-ṣalawātu li-llāhi, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu, ʾarsalahu bi-l-ḥaqqi bashīran wa-nadhīran, wa-ʾanna al-sāʿata ʾātiyatun lā rayba fīhā,

“In the name of Allah and through Allah, the Best of Names. All good greetings and prayers belong to Allah. I testify that there is no deity but Allah alone, without partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. He sent him with the truth as a bearer of good news and a warner, and the Hour is surely coming, with no doubt in it.

السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَاهْدِنِي» [ط، طس].

al-salāmu ʿalayka ʾayyuhā al-nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu, al-salāmu ʿalaynā wa-ʿalā ʿibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīna, Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-ihdinī» [ط، طس].

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and upon Allah's righteous servants. O Allah, forgive me and guide me” [ط، طس].

صِفَةُ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ

ṣifatu al-ṣalāti ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam

How to Invoke Blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)

وَكَيْفِيَّةُ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ:

wa-kayfiyyatu al-ṣalāti ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam:

The manner of invoking blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is:

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [ع].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, wa-ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun, Allāhumma bārik ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, wa-ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [ع].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [ع].

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«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [خ، م، س].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun, Allāhumma bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [خ، م، س].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [خ، م، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [خ، س].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun, Allāhumma bārik ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [خ، س].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [خ، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ، وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِ، وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ» [خ، م، د، س، ق، حب]، «إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [م].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾazwājihi, wa-dhurriyyatihi, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾazwājihi, wa-dhurriyyatihi, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma» [خ، م، د، س، ق، حب], «ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [م].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad, his wives, and his offspring, as You sent blessings upon the family of Abraham; and bless Muhammad, his wives, and his offspring, as You blessed the family of Abraham” [خ، م، د، س، ق، حب]. “You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [م].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ» [خ، س، ق].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin ʿabdika wa-rasūlika, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma» [خ، س، ق].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad, Your servant and Messenger, as You sent blessings upon the family of Abraham; and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed the family of Abraham” [خ، س، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ» [خ].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, wa-ʾāli ʾibrāhīma» [خ].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Abraham; and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Abraham and the family of Abraham” [خ].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي الْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [م، د، ت، س].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, fī al-ʿālamīna ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [م، د، ت، س].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon the family of Abraham; and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed the family of Abraham among all peoples. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [م، د، ت، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ» [د، س]، «كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [مس].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin al-nabiyyi al-ʾummiyyi, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin» [د، س], «kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin al-nabiyyi al-ʾummiyyi, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [مس].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, and upon the family of Muhammad” [د، س]; “as You sent blessings upon Abraham; and bless Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, as You blessed Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ وَبَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [د].

«Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta wa-bārakta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [د].

“O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad, and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Abraham and blessed him. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [د].

أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَمَّا السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ، فَكَيْفَ نُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ إِذَا نَحْنُ صَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْكَ فِي صَلَاتِنَا، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ؟

ʾaqbala rajulun ḥattā jalasa bayna yaday rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-naḥnu ʿindahu, fa-qāla: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾammā al-salāmu ʿalayka fa-qad ʿarafnāhu, fa-kayfa nuṣallī ʿalayka ʾidhā naḥnu ṣallaynā ʿalayka fī ṣalātinā, ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayka?

A man came and sat before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) while we were with him. He said, “O Messenger of Allah, we have learned how to greet you with peace, but how should we invoke blessings upon you when we do so in our prayer? May Allah bless you.”

قَالَ: فَصَمَتَ حَتَّى أَحْبَبْنَا أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُ [مس]، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ عَلَيَّ، فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ، وَعَلَى آلِ

qāla: fa-ṣamata ḥattā ʾaḥbabnā ʾanna al-rajula lam yasʾalhu [مس], thumma qāla: «ʾidhā ṣallaytum ʿalayya, fa-qūlū: Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin al-nabiyyi al-ʾummiyyi, wa-ʿalā ʾāli

The narrator said: He remained silent until we wished the man had not asked him [مس]. Then he said, “When you invoke blessings upon me, say: O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, and upon the family of

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مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ، وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [حب، مس، أ].

muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma wa-ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin al-nabiyyi al-ʾummiyyi, wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma, wa-ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [حب، مس، أ].

Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Abraham and the family of Abraham; and bless Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [حب، مس، أ].

«مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَكْتَالَ بِالْمِكْيَالِ الْأَوْفَى إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَيْنَا أَهْلَ (مَعًا) الْبَيْتِ، فَلْيَقُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ، وَأَزْوَاجِهِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ» [د].

«man sarrahu ʾan yaktāla bi-l-mikyāli al-ʾawfā ʾidhā ṣallā ʿalaynā ʾahla (maʿan) al-bayti, fa-lyaqul: Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin al-nabiyyi, wa-ʾazwājihi ʾummahāti al-muʾminīna, wa-dhurriyyatihi, wa-ʾahli baytihi, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun» [د].

“Whoever wishes to receive the fullest measure when invoking blessings upon us, the Household (both readings), should say: O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad the Prophet, his wives—the Mothers of the Believers—his offspring, and his household, as You sent blessings upon the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy, Glorious” [د].

«مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْزِلْهُ الْمَقْعَدَ الْمُقَرَّبَ عِنْدَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؛ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي» [ر، ط، طس].

«man ṣallā ʿalā muḥammadin wa-qāla: Allāhumma ʾanzilhu al-maqʿada al-muqarraba ʿindaka yawma al-qiyāmati; wajabat lahu shafāʿatī» [ر، ط، طس].

“Whoever invokes blessings upon Muhammad and says, ‘O Allah, grant him the station nearest to You on the Day of Resurrection,’ becomes entitled to my intercession” [ر، ط، طس].

ثُمَّ لِيَتَخَيَّرْ مِنَ الدُّعَاءِ أَعْجَبَهُ إِلَيْهِ فَيَدْعُو [خ].

thumma liyatakhayyar mina al-duʿāʾi ʾaʿjabahu ʾilayhi fa-yadʿū [خ].

Then he should choose whichever supplication he likes best and make it [خ].

وَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ» [م، عه، حب].

wa-lyastaʿidh bi-llāhi min ʾarbaʿin: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi jahannama, wa-min ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-min fitnati al-maḥyā wa-l-mamāti, wa-min sharri fitnati al-masīḥi al-dajjāli» [م، عه، حب].

He should seek refuge in Allah from four things: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell, the punishment of the grave, the trials of life and death, and the evil trial of the Antichrist” [م، عه، حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ وَالْمَغْرَمِ» [خ، م، د، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-masīḥi al-dajjāli, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-maḥyā wa-l-mamāti, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-maʾthami wa-l-maghrami» [خ، م، د، س].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Antichrist, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from sin and debt” [خ، م، د، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ، وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ، وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ، وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [م، د، ت، س].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī mā qaddamtu, wa-mā ʾakhkhartu, wa-mā ʾasrartu, wa-mā ʾaʿlantu, wa-mā ʾasraftu, wa-mā ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bihi minnī, ʾanta al-muqaddimu, wa-ʾanta al-muʾakhkhiru, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta» [م، د، ت، س].

“O Allah, forgive what I have done before and what I may do later, what I have concealed and what I have disclosed, my excesses, and what You know better than I do. You are the One who brings forward and the One who puts back. There is no deity but You” [م، د، ت، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا كَثِيرًا [م] (مَعًا)، وَلَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، فَاغْفِرْ لِي مَغْفِرَةً مِنْ عِنْدِكَ، وَارْحَمْنِي، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ» [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ẓalamtu nafsī ẓulman kathīran kathīran [م] (maʿan), wa-lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta, fa-ighfir lī maghfiratan min ʿindika, wa-irḥamnī, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-ghafūru al-raḥīmu» [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

“O Allah, I have wronged myself greatly—greatly [م] (both readings)—and none forgives sins but You. Grant me forgiveness from Yourself and have mercy on me. You are the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful” [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ، الْأَحَدُ، الصَّمَدُ، الَّذِي لَمْ يَلِدْ، وَلَمْ يُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ، أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذُنُوبِي، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ» [د، س، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka yā Allāhu, al-ʾaḥadu, al-ṣamadu, alladhī lam yalid, wa-lam yūlad, wa-lam yakun lahu kufuwan ʾaḥadun, ʾan taghfira lī dhunūbī, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-ghafūru al-raḥīmu» [د، س، مس].

“O Allah, I ask You, O Allah—the One, the Eternal Refuge, who neither begets nor is born and to whom none is equal—to forgive my sins. You are the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful” [د، س، مس].

«إِذَا تَشَهَّدَ أَحَدُكُمْ فَلْيَقُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ حَاسِبْنِي حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا» [مس].

«ʾidhā tashahhada ʾaḥadukum fa-lyaqul: Allāhumma ḥāsibnī ḥisāban yasīran» [مس].

“When any of you recites the tashahhud, let him say: O Allah, call me to an easy account” [مس].

وَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ،

wa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi jahannama, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-qabri,

He should say: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave,

(١) أَهْلَ: بِالْفَتْحِ وَبِالْكَسْرِ مَعًا.

(1) ʾahla: bi-l-fatḥi wa-bi-l-kasri maʿan.

(1) The word ahl may be read with either a fatḥah or a kasrah.

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وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ» [م].

wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-masīḥi al-dajjāli, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-maḥyā wa-l-mamāti» [م].

and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Antichrist and from the trials of life and death” [م].

وَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ كُلِّهِ، مَا عَلِمْتُ مِنْهُ وَمَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادُكَ الصَّالِحُونَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا عَاذَ مِنْهُ عِبَادُكَ الصَّالِحُونَ،

wa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka mina al-khayri kullihi, mā ʿalimtu minhu wa-mā lam ʾaʿlam, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayri mā saʾalaka ʿibāduka al-ṣāliḥūna, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʿādha minhu ʿibāduka al-ṣāliḥūna,

He should say: “O Allah, I ask You for every good, what I know of it and what I do not know. O Allah, I ask You for the good for which Your righteous servants asked You, and I seek refuge in You from the evil from which Your righteous servants sought Your refuge.

رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ، رَبَّنَا إِنَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ، رَبَّنَا وَآتِنَا مَا وَعَدْتَنَا عَلَى رُسُلِكَ، وَلَا تُخْزِنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ» [مو، مص].

rabbanā ʾātinā fī al-dunyā ḥasanatan, wa-fī al-ʾākhirati ḥasanatan, wa-qinā ʿadhāba al-nāri, rabbanā ʾinnanā ʾāmannā fa-ighfir lanā dhunūbanā, wa-qinā ʿadhāba al-nāri, rabbanā wa-ʾātinā mā waʿadtanā ʿalā rusulika, wa-lā tukhzinā yawma al-qiyāmati, ʾinnaka lā tukhlifu al-mīʿāda» [مو، مص].

Our Lord, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire. Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us our sins and protect us from the punishment of the Fire. Our Lord, grant us what You promised us through Your messengers, and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection. You never break Your promise” [مو، مص].

سَيِّدُ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ:

sayyidu al-istighfāri:

The master formula for seeking forgiveness is:

أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا جَلَسَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ:

ʾan yaqūla al-rajulu ʾidhā jalasa fī ṣalātihi:

For a man to say when seated in his prayer:

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبِّي، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، خَلَقْتَنِي وَأَنَا عَبْدُكَ، وَأَنَا عَلَى عَهْدِكَ وَوَعْدِكَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا صَنَعْتُ، أَبُوءُ بِنِعْمَتِكَ عَلَيَّ، وَأَبُوءُ بِذَنْبِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي، إِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾanta rabbī, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, khalaqtanī wa-ʾanā ʿabduka, wa-ʾanā ʿalā ʿahdika wa-waʿdika mā istaṭaʿtu, ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ṣanaʿtu, ʾabūʾu biniʿmatika ʿalayya, wa-ʾabūʾu bidhanbī, fa-ighfir lī, ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta» [د].

“O Allah, You are my Lord; there is no deity but You. You created me, and I am Your servant. I uphold Your covenant and promise as best I can. I seek refuge in You from the evil I have done. I acknowledge Your blessing upon me, and I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me; none forgives sins but You” [د].

وَإِذَا سَلَّمَ:

wa-ʾidhā sallama:

When he concludes the prayer with salutation:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ - يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ [ر، ط]، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ [ي] - وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ،

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu - yuḥyī wa-yumītu [ر، ط], biyadihi al-khayru [ي] - wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, Allāhumma lā māniʿa limā ʾaʿṭayta,

“There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion and His is all praise—He gives life and causes death [ر، ط], and all good is in His hand [ي]—and He has power over all things. O Allah, none can withhold what You give,

وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ» [خ، م، د، س، ر، ط، ي].

wa-lā muʿṭiya limā manaʿta, wa-lā yanfaʿu dhā al-jaddi minka al-jaddu» [خ، م، د، س، ر، ط، ي].

and none can give what You withhold, and the fortune of one endowed with fortune is of no benefit against You” [خ، م، د، س، ر، ط، ي].

أَوْ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ»، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [خ، س].

ʾaw: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun», thalātha marrātin [خ، س].

Or: “There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and He has power over all things,” three times [خ، س].

أَوْ مَرَّةً، وَبَعْدَهُ: «لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا نَعْبُدُ إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ، لَهُ النِّعْمَةُ، وَلَهُ الْفَضْلُ، وَلَهُ الثَّنَاءُ الْحَسَنُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ» [م، د، س، مص].

ʾaw marratan, wa-baʿdahu: «lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-lā naʿbudu ʾillā ʾiyyāhu, lahu al-niʿmatu, wa-lahu al-faḍlu, wa-lahu al-thanāʾu al-ḥasanu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu mukhliṣīna lahu al-dīna wa-law kariha al-kāfirūna» [م، د، س، مص].

Or once, followed by: “There is no power and no strength except through Allah. There is no deity but Allah, and we worship none but Him. His is every blessing, His is all favor, and His is the finest praise. There is no deity but Allah; we devote the religion sincerely to Him, even if the disbelievers detest it” [م، د، س، مص].

«أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ»، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ السَّلَامُ، وَمِنْكَ السَّلَامُ، تَبَارَكْتَ [م] يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ» [م، عه، ط، ي].

«ʾastaghfiru Allāha», thalātha marrātin. «Allāhumma ʾanta al-salāmu, wa-minka al-salāmu, tabārakta [م] yā dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi» [م، عه، ط، ي].

“I seek Allah's forgiveness,” three times. “O Allah, You are Peace, and from You comes peace. Blessed are You [م], O Possessor of Majesty and Honor” [م، عه، ط، ي].

(١) أَبُوءُ لَكَ: أَعْتَرِفُ.

(1) ʾabūʾu laka: ʾaʿtarifu.

(1) “I acknowledge to You” means “I confess.”

(٢) تَقَدَّمَ تَفْسِيرُهَا.

(2) taqaddama tafsīruhā.

(2) Its explanation was given earlier.

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«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ».

«subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru».

“Glory be to Allah, all praise is due to Allah, and Allah is the Greatest.”

لِيَكُونَ مِنْهُنَّ كُلِّهِنَّ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ مَرَّةً [خ، م، س]، إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ، وَإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ، وَإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ، فَذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ ثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ [م]، أَوْ عَشْرًا عَشْرًا عَشْرًا [خ].

liyakūna minhunna kullihinna thalāthan wa-thalāthīna marratan [خ، م، س], ʾiḥdā ʿashrata, wa-ʾiḥdā ʿashrata, wa-ʾiḥdā ʿashrata, fa-dhālika kulluhu thalāthun wa-thalāthūna [م], ʾaw ʿashran ʿashran ʿashran [خ].

All three together should total thirty-three repetitions [خ، م، س]: eleven of each, making thirty-three altogether [م]; or ten of each [خ].

«مَنْ سَبَّحَ اللَّهَ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَكَبَّرَ اللَّهَ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ تَمَامَ الْمِائَةِ:

«man sabbaḥa Allāha dubura kulli ṣalātin thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-ḥamida Allāha thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-kabbara Allāha thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, thumma qāla tamāma al-miʾati:

“Whoever glorifies Allah after every prayer thirty-three times, praises Allah thirty-three times, magnifies Allah thirty-three times, and then completes the hundred by saying:

لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، غُفِرَتْ خَطَايَاهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مِثْلَ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ» [م، د، س].

lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, ghufirat khaṭāyāhu wa-ʾin kānat mithla zabadi al-baḥri» [م، د، س].

There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and He has power over all things—his sins will be forgiven even if they are like the foam of the sea” [م، د، س].

«مُعَقِّبَاتٌ لَا يَخِيبُ قَائِلُهُنَّ أَوْ فَاعِلُهُنَّ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ: ثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ تَسْبِيحَةً، وَثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ تَحْمِيدَةً، وَأَرْبَعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ تَكْبِيرَةً» [م، ت، س].

«muʿaqqibātun lā yakhību qāʾiluhunna ʾaw fāʿiluhunna dubura kulli ṣalātin maktūbatin: thalāthun wa-thalāthūna tasbīḥatan, wa-thalāthun wa-thalāthūna taḥmīdatan, wa-ʾarbaʿun wa-thalāthūna takbīratan» [م، ت، س].

“There are acts of remembrance after every obligatory prayer whose speaker or performer will not be disappointed: thirty-three declarations of Allah's glory, thirty-three declarations of His praise, and thirty-four declarations of His greatness” [م، ت، س].

«مَنْ سَبَّحَ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ مِائَةً، وَكَبَّرَ مِائَةً، وَهَلَّلَ مِائَةً، وَحَمِدَ مِائَةً، غُفِرَ لَهُ ذُنُوبُهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ» [س].

«man sabbaḥa dubura kulli ṣalātin maktūbatin miʾatan, wa-kabbara miʾatan, wa-hallala miʾatan, wa-ḥamida miʾatan, ghufira lahu dhunūbuhu wa-ʾin kānat ʾakthara min zabadi al-baḥri» [س].

“Whoever, after every obligatory prayer, glorifies Allah one hundred times, magnifies Him one hundred times, declares His oneness one hundred times, and praises Him one hundred times will have his sins forgiven, even if they exceed the foam of the sea” [س].

أَوْ: مِنْ كُلٍّ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ [ت، س، حب، مس].

ʾaw: min kullin khamsan wa-ʿishrīna [ت، س، حب، مس].

Or: twenty-five of each [ت، س، حب، مس].

أَوْ: مِنْ كُلٍّ مِنَ التَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّحْمِيدِ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَالتَّكْبِيرِ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت، س]، أَوْ: كَذَلِكَ، وَالتَّكْبِيرُ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ [س].

ʾaw: min kullin mina al-tasbīḥi wa-l-taḥmīdi thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-l-takbīri ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu ʿashra marrātin [ت، س], ʾaw: ka-dhālika, wa-l-takbīru thalāthan wa-thalāthīna [س].

Or: thirty-three each of glorification and praise, thirty-four declarations of greatness, and “There is no deity but Allah” ten times [ت، س]; or the same, but with thirty-three declarations of greatness [س].

أَوْ: مِنْ كُلٍّ مِنَ التَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّحْمِيدِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ مِائَةً مِائَةً، مَعَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، لَوْ كَانَتْ خَطَايَاهُ مِثْلَ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ لَمَحَتْهَا [مو، أ].

ʾaw: min kullin mina al-tasbīḥi wa-l-taḥmīdi wa-l-takbīri miʾatan miʾatan, maʿa: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, law kānat khaṭāyāhu mithla zabadi al-baḥri lamaḥathā [مو، أ].

Or: one hundred each of glorification, praise, and magnification, together with: “There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah.” Even if his sins were like the foam of the sea, these words would erase them [مو، أ].

وَآيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ مَكْتُوبَةٍ، لَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ مِنْ دُخُولِ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَمُوتَ [س، حب، ط، ي].

wa-ʾāyatu al-kursiyyi dubura kulli ṣalātin maktūbatin, lam yamnaʿhu min dukhūli al-jannati ʾillā ʾan yamūta [س، حب، ط، ي].

Whoever recites the Throne Verse after every obligatory prayer is prevented from entering Paradise by nothing except death [س، حب، ط، ي].

كَانَ فِي ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى [ط].

kāna fī dhimmati Allāhi ʾilā al-ṣalāti al-ʾukhrā [ط].

He remains under Allah's protection until the next prayer [ط].

وَلْيَقْرَأِ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ (الْمُعَوِّذَاتِ) [د، س، ي] دُبُرَ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ [د، س، حب، مس، ي].

wa-lyaqraʾi al-muʿawwidhatayni (al-muʿawwidhāti) [د، س، ي] dubura kulli ṣalātin [د، س، حب، مس، ي].

He should recite the two chapters of refuge (variant: the chapters of refuge) [د، س، ي] after every prayer [د، س، حب، مس، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [خ، ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-jubni, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾuradda ʾilā ʾardhali al-ʿumuri, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-dunyā, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-qabri» [خ، ت، س].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from cowardice; I seek refuge in You from being returned to the feeblest stage of life; I seek refuge in You from the trials of this world; and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave” [خ، ت، س].

(١) مُعَقِّبَاتٌ: هُوَ مِنَ التَّعْقِيبِ وَهُوَ الْجُلُوسُ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الصَّلَاةِ لِلدُّعَاءِ وَنَحْوِهِ، وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ يُرَادَ بِهِ الْعَوْدُ مَرَّةً بَعْدَ أُخْرَى.

(1) muʿaqqibātun: huwa mina al-taʿqībi wa-huwa al-julūsu baʿda inqiḍāʾi al-ṣalāti li-l-duʿāʾi wa-naḥwihi, wa-yajūzu ʾan yurāda bihi al-ʿawdu marratan baʿda ʾukhrā.

(1) Muʿaqqibāt derives from taʿqīb, meaning to remain seated after completing the prayer for supplication and the like. It may also mean returning to something time after time.

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«رَبِّ قِنِي عَذَابَكَ يَوْمَ تَبْعَثُ (أَوْ تَجْمَعُ) [م، عه] عِبَادَكَ» [عو، م، عه].

«rabbi qinī ʿadhābaka yawma tabʿathu (ʾaw tajmaʿu) [م، عه] ʿibādaka» [عو، م، عه].

“My Lord, protect me from Your punishment on the day You resurrect (or gather) [م، عه] Your servants” [عو، م، عه].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي» [عو].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ihdinī, wa-urzuqnī» [عو].

“O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, and provide for me” [عو].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلَ، وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، أَعِذْنِي مِنْ حَرِّ النَّارِ وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [طس].

«Allāhumma rabba jibrīla, wa-mīkāʾīla, wa-ʾisrāfīla, ʾaʿidhnī min ḥarri al-nāri wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri» [طس].

“O Allah, Lord of Gabriel, Michael, and Israfil, protect me from the heat of the Fire and the punishment of the grave” [طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ، وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ، وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ، وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [د، م، ت، حب].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī mā qaddamtu, wa-mā ʾakhkhartu, wa-mā ʾasrartu, wa-mā ʾaʿlantu, wa-mā ʾasraftu, wa-mā ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bihi minnī, ʾanta al-muqaddimu, wa-ʾanta al-muʾakhkhiru, lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta» [د، م، ت، حب].

“O Allah, forgive what I have done before and what I may do later, what I have concealed and what I have disclosed, my excesses, and what You know better than I do. You are the One who brings forward and the One who puts back. There is no deity but You” [د، م، ت، حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ، وَشُكْرِكَ، وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ» [د، س، حب، مس، ي].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿinnī ʿalā dhikrika, wa-shukrika, wa-ḥusni ʿibādatika» [د، س، حب، مس، ي].

“O Allah, help me to remember You, thank You, and worship You well” [د، س، حب، مس، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، أَنَا شَهِيدٌ أَنَّكَ الرَّبُّ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، أَنَا شَهِيدٌ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ،

«Allāhumma rabbanā wa-rabba kulli shayʾin, ʾanā shahīdun ʾannaka al-rabbu waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, Allāhumma rabbanā wa-rabba kulli shayʾin, ʾanā shahīdun ʾanna muḥammadan ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, Allāhumma rabbanā wa-rabba kulli shayʾin,

“O Allah, our Lord and Lord of all things, I testify that You alone are the Lord, without partner. O Allah, our Lord and Lord of all things, I testify that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is Your servant and Messenger. O Allah, our Lord and Lord of all things,

أَنَا شَهِيدٌ أَنَّ الْعِبَادَ كُلَّهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ، اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا وَرَبَّ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، اجْعَلْنِي مُخْلِصًا لَكَ وَأَهْلِي فِي كُلِّ سَاعَةٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، اسْمَعْ وَاسْتَجِبْ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ الْأَكْبَرُ، حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ الْأَكْبَرُ» [س، د، ي].

ʾanā shahīdun ʾanna al-ʿibāda kullahum ʾikhwatun, Allāhumma rabbanā wa-rabba kulli shayʾin, ijʿalnī mukhliṣan laka wa-ʾahlī fī kulli sāʿatin fī al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati, yā dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi, ismaʿ wa-istajib, Allāhu ʾakbaru al-ʾakbaru, ḥasbiya Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu, Allāhu ʾakbaru al-ʾakbaru» [س، د، ي].

I testify that all servants are brothers. O Allah, our Lord and Lord of all things, make me and my family sincere to You at every hour in this world and the Hereafter. O Possessor of Majesty and Honor, hear and answer. Allah is the Greatest, the Most Great. Allah is sufficient for me and the best Trustee. Allah is the Greatest, the Most Great” [س، د، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ، وَالْفَقْرِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [س، مس، مص، ي].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-kufri, wa-l-faqri, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri» [س، مس، مص، ي].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from disbelief, poverty, and the punishment of the grave” [س، مس، مص، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ لِي دِينِيَ الَّذِي جَعَلْتَهُ عِصْمَةَ أَمْرِي، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي دُنْيَايَ الَّتِي جَعَلْتَ فِيهَا مَعَاشِي، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِرِضَاكَ مِنْ سَخَطِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِعَفْوِكَ مِنْ نِقْمَتِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْكَ،

«Allāhumma ʾaṣliḥ lī dīniya alladhī jaʿaltahu ʿiṣmata ʾamrī, wa-ʾaṣliḥ lī dunyāya allatī jaʿalta fīhā maʿāshī, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu biriḍāka min sakhaṭika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu biʿafwika min niqmatika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika minka,

“O Allah, set right for me my religion, which You have made the safeguard of my affairs, and set right for me my worldly life, in which You have placed my livelihood. O Allah, I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your wrath, in Your pardon from Your vengeance, and in You from You.

لَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلَا رَادَّ لِمَا قَضَيْتَ» [طب]، «وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ» [س، حب].

lā māniʿa limā ʾaʿṭayta, wa-lā muʿṭiya limā manaʿta, wa-lā rādda limā qaḍayta» [طب], «wa-lā yanfaʿu dhā al-jaddi minka al-jaddu» [س، حب].

None can withhold what You give, none can give what You withhold, and none can repel what You decree” [طب]. “The fortune of one endowed with fortune is of no benefit against You” [س، حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ خَطَئِي وَعَمْدِي، اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي لِصَالِحِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَالْأَخْلَاقِ، لَا يَهْدِي لِصَالِحِهَا، وَلَا يَصْرِفُ سَيِّئَهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [ر].

«Allāhumma ighfir khaṭaʾī wa-ʿamdī, Allāhumma ihdinī liṣāliḥi al-ʾaʿmāli wa-l-ʾakhlāqi, lā yahdī liṣāliḥihā, wa-lā yaṣrifu sayyiʾahā ʾillā ʾanta» [ر].

“O Allah, forgive my mistakes and my deliberate acts. O Allah, guide me to righteous deeds and character; none guides to what is righteous in them or turns away what is bad in them but You” [ر].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ» [عو، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-nāri, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-min fitnati al-maḥyā wa-l-mamāti, wa-min sharri al-masīḥi al-dajjāli» [عو، مس].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the Fire, the punishment of the grave, the trials of life and death, and the evil of the Antichrist” [عو، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطَايَايَ، وَذُنُوبِي كُلَّهَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْعِشْنِي، وَأَجِرْنِي [ط، ي]

«Allāhumma ighfir lī khaṭāyāya, wa-dhunūbī kullahā, Allāhumma ʾanʿishnī, wa-ʾajirnī [ط، ي]

“O Allah, forgive me my misdeeds and all my sins. O Allah, revive and strengthen me, and protect me [ط، ي]

(١) ذَا الْجَدِّ: أَيْ الْحَظَّ وَالْغِنَى وَالْعَظَمَةَ، أَوِ الْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْفَعُهُ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يَنْفَعُهُ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ.

(1) dhā al-jaddi: ʾay al-ḥaẓẓa wa-l-ghinā wa-l-ʿaẓamata, ʾawi al-maʿnā ʾannahu lā yanfaʿuhu dhālika ʾinnamā yanfaʿuhu al-ʿamalu al-ṣāliḥu.

(1) “One endowed with fortune” means one who possesses good fortune, wealth, and greatness. Alternatively, the meaning is that none of this benefits him; only righteous deeds benefit him.

(٢) ارْفَعْنِي وَأَنْهِضْنِي مِنْ عَثْرَتِي.

(2) irfaʿnī wa-ʾanhiḍnī min ʿathratī.

(2) Raise me and help me recover from my stumble.

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وَأَحْيِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي لِصَالِحِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَالْأَخْلَاقِ، إِنَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي لِصَالِحِهَا، وَلَا يَصْرِفُ سَيِّئَهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [مس، ط، ي].

wa-ʾaḥyinī, wa-urzuqnī, wa-ihdinī liṣāliḥi al-ʾaʿmāli wa-l-ʾakhlāqi, ʾinnahu lā yahdī liṣāliḥihā, wa-lā yaṣrifu sayyiʾahā ʾillā ʾanta» [مس، ط، ي].

and give me life, provide for me, and guide me to righteous deeds and character. None guides to what is righteous in them or turns away what is bad in them but You” [مس، ط، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ لِي دِينِي، وَوَسِّعْ لِي فِي دَارِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِي رِزْقِي» [أ، ط، ص].

«Allāhumma ʾaṣliḥ lī dīnī, wa-wassiʿ lī fī dārī, wa-bārik lī fī rizqī» [أ، ط، ص].

“O Allah, set right my religion, make my home spacious for me, and bless my provision” [أ، ط، ص].

﴿سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ، وَسَلَامٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ [ص، ي].

﴿subḥāna rabbika rabbi al-ʿizzati ʿammā yaṣifūna, wa-salāmun ʿalā al-mursalīna, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna﴾ [ص، ي].

﴿Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of Might, far above what they attribute to Him. Peace be upon the messengers, and all praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds﴾ [ص، ي].

وَكَانَ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى، وَفَرَغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، مَسَحَ بِيَمِينِهِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَقَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ، اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبْ عَنِّي الْهَمَّ وَالْحَزَنَ» [ر، طس، ي].

wa-kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʾidhā ṣallā, wa-faragha min ṣalātihi, masaḥa biyamīnihi ʿalā raʾsihi, wa-qāla: «bismi Allāhi alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, huwa al-raḥmānu al-raḥīmu, Allāhumma ʾadhhib ʿannī al-hamma wa-l-ḥazana» [ر، طس، ي].

When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) completed his prayer, he would wipe his right hand over his head and say, “In the name of Allah, besides whom there is no deity. He is the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. O Allah, remove worry and grief from me” [ر، طس، ي].

وَدُبُرَ صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَهُوَ ثَانٍ رِجْلَيْهِ [ت، س، طس، ي]، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ [ت، س]:

wa-dubura ṣalāti al-ṣubḥi, wa-huwa thānin rijlayhi [ت، س، طس، ي], qabla ʾan yatakallama [ت، س]:

After the dawn prayer, while his legs were still folded [ت، س، طس، ي] and before speaking [ت، س], he should say:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ» [س، طس]، «وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ»، عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت، س]، مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ [طس، ي].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, yuḥyī wa-yumītu, biyadihi al-khayru» [س، طس], «wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun», ʿashra marrātin [ت، س], miʾata marratin [طس، ي].

“There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, He gives life and causes death, and all good is in His hand” [س، طس]; “and He has power over all things,” ten times [ت، س], or one hundred times [طس، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ رِزْقًا طَيِّبًا، وَعِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَعَمَلًا مُتَقَبَّلًا» [ق، ص، ط، ي].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka rizqan ṭayyiban, wa-ʿilman nāfiʿan, wa-ʿamalan mutaqabbalan» [ق، ص، ط، ي].

“O Allah, I ask You for wholesome provision, beneficial knowledge, and accepted deeds” [ق، ص، ط، ي].

وَدُبُرَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالصُّبْحِ جَمِيعًا: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ» [أ، ط]، «وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ»، عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ [س، حب، أ، ط]، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَ، وَيَثْنِيَ رِجْلَيْهِ مِنْهُمَا.

wa-dubura al-maghribi wa-l-ṣubḥi jamīʿan: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, biyadihi al-khayru» [أ، ط], «wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun», ʿashra marrātin [س، حب، أ، ط], qabla ʾan yanṣarifa, wa-yathniya rijlayhi minhumā.

After both the sunset and dawn prayers: “There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion, His is all praise, and all good is in His hand” [أ، ط]; “and He has power over all things,” ten times [س، حب، أ، ط], before leaving or changing the position of his legs after either prayer.

وَبَعْدَ صَلَاتَيِ الصُّبْحِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ أَيْضًا، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ»، سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ [د، س، حب].

wa-baʿda ṣalātayi al-ṣubḥi wa-l-maghribi ʾayḍan, qabla ʾan yatakallama: «Allāhumma ʾajirnī mina al-nāri», sabʿa marrātin [د، س، حب].

Also after the dawn and sunset prayers, before speaking: “O Allah, protect me from the Fire,” seven times [د، س، حب].

وَبَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الضُّحَى: «اللَّهُمَّ بِكَ أُحَاوِلُ، وَبِكَ أُصَاوِلُ، وَبِكَ أُقَاتِلُ» [ي].

wa-baʿda ṣalāti al-ḍuḥā: «Allāhumma bika ʾuḥāwilu, wa-bika ʾuṣāwilu, wa-bika ʾuqātilu» [ي].

After the forenoon prayer: “O Allah, through You I strive, through You I overpower, and through You I fight” [ي].

(١) أُحَاوِلُ: أُدَافِعُ وَأَمْنَعُ، وَأُصَاوِلُ: أَقْهَرُ.

(1) ʾuḥāwilu: ʾudāfiʿu wa-ʾamnaʿu, wa-ʾuṣāwilu: ʾaqharu.

(1) “I strive” means “I defend and repel,” and “I overpower” means “I subdue.”

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مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ وَاللِّبَاسِ

mā yataʿallaqu bi-l-ʾakli wa-l-shurbi wa-l-libāsi

Matters Relating to Food, Drink, and Clothing

وَإِذَا دُعِيَ إِلَى طَعَامٍ: فَلْيُجِبْ [م، د، ت، س]، وَلَا سِيَّمَا وَلِيمَةَ الْعُرْسِ [د، ق، عو].

wa-ʾidhā duʿiya ʾilā ṭaʿāmin: fa-lyujib [م، د، ت، س], wa-lā siyyamā walīmata al-ʿursi [د، ق، عو].

When he is invited to a meal, he should accept [م، د، ت، س], especially if it is a wedding feast [د، ق، عو].

فَإِنْ كَانَ صَائِمًا صَلَّى [م، د، ت، س]، وَدَعَا وَبَارَكَ [د، ق، عو].

fa-ʾin kāna ṣāʾiman ṣallā [م، د، ت، س], wa-daʿā wa-bāraka [د، ق، عو].

If he is fasting, he should pray for the host [م، د، ت، س], supplicate, and invoke blessing [د، ق، عو].

وَإِذَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ: «ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ، وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ، وَثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ» [د، س، مس].

wa-ʾidhā ʾafṭara qāla: «dhahaba al-ẓamaʾu, wa-ibtallati al-ʿurūqu, wa-thabata al-ʾajru ʾin shāʾa Allāhu» [د، س، مس].

When he breaks his fast, he should say, “The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills” [د، س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ، أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذُنُوبِي» [مو، مس، ق، ي].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka biraḥmatika allatī wasiʿat kulla shayʾin, ʾan taghfira lī dhunūbī» [مو، مس، ق، ي].

“O Allah, by Your mercy that encompasses all things, I ask You to forgive my sins” [مو، مس، ق، ي].

فَإِنْ أَفْطَرَ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ قَالَ: «أَفْطَرَ عِنْدَكُمُ الصَّائِمُونَ، وَأَكَلَ طَعَامَكُمُ الْأَبْرَارُ، وَصَلَّتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ» [ق، حب، د].

fa-ʾin ʾafṭara ʿinda qawmin qāla: «ʾafṭara ʿindakumu al-ṣāʾimūna, wa-ʾakala ṭaʿāmakumu al-ʾabrāru, wa-ṣallat ʿalaykumu al-malāʾikatu» [ق، حب، د].

If he breaks his fast with some people, he should say, “May those who fast break their fast with you, may the righteous eat your food, and may the angels invoke blessings upon you” [ق، حب، د].

وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الطَّعَامُ:

wa-ʾidhā ḥaḍara al-ṭaʿāmu:

When food is served:

فَلْيُسَمِّ اللَّهَ، وَلْيَأْكُلْ مِمَّا يَلِيهِ بِيَمِينِهِ [خ، م، ت، س]؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَسْتَحِلُّ الطَّعَامَ الَّذِي لَا يُذْكَرُ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ [م، د، س].

fa-lyusammi Allāha, wa-lyaʾkul mimmā yalīhi biyamīnihi [خ، م، ت، س]; fa-ʾinna al-shayṭāna yastaḥillu al-ṭaʿāma alladhī lā yudhkaru ismu Allāhi ʿalayhi [م، د، س].

He should mention Allah's name and eat with his right hand from what is nearest him [خ، م، ت، س], for Satan deems lawful the food over which Allah's name is not mentioned [م، د، س].

قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا نَأْكُلُ وَلَا نَشْبَعُ. قَالَ: «فَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَأْكُلُونَ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ؟» قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «فَاجْتَمِعُوا عَلَى طَعَامِكُمْ، وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ، يُبَارَكْ لَكُمْ فِيهِ» [ق، د، مس].

qālū: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾinnā naʾkulu wa-lā nashbaʿu. qāla: «fa-laʿallakum taʾkulūna mutafarriqīna?» qālū: naʿam. qāla: «fa-ijtamiʿū ʿalā ṭaʿāmikum, wa-udhkurū isma Allāhi, yubārak lakum fīhi» [ق، د، مس].

They said, “O Messenger of Allah, we eat but are not satisfied.” He asked, “Perhaps you eat separately?” They said, “Yes.” He said, “Gather together over your food and mention Allah's name; it will be blessed for you” [ق، د، مس].

(١) قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ أَحَدُ رُوَاةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ: «إِنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالصَّلَاةِ هُنَا الدُّعَاءُ». وَيَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ: وَدَعَا وَبَارَكَ: أَيْ دَعَا لِصَاحِبِ الدَّعْوَةِ، وَبَارَكَ: أَيْ دَعَا لَهُ بِالْبَرَكَةِ.

(1) qāla hishāmu bnu ḥassāna ʾaḥadu ruwāti hādhā al-ḥadīthi: «ʾinna al-murāda bi-l-ṣalāti hunā al-duʿāʾu». wa-yadullu ʿalayhi qawluhu: wa-daʿā wa-bāraka: ʾay daʿā liṣāḥibi al-daʿwati, wa-bāraka: ʾay daʿā lahu bi-l-barakati.

(1) Hisham ibn Hassan, one of the narrators of this hadith, said, “What is meant by prayer here is supplication.” This is indicated by the words “supplicate and invoke blessing”: that is, supplicate for the host and ask that he be blessed.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: الظَّمَأُ: هُوَ شِدَّةُ الْعَطَشِ، وَقَوْلُهُ: وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ: يَعْنِي بِمَا وَصَلَ إِلَيْهَا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ فَيَذْهَبُ عَنْهَا مَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْجَفَافِ بِانْقِطَاعِهَا بِالصَّوْمِ.

(2) qawluhu: al-ẓamaʾu: huwa shiddatu al-ʿaṭashi, wa-qawluhu: wa-ibtallati al-ʿurūqu: yaʿnī bimā waṣala ʾilayhā mina al-ṭaʿāmi wa-l-sharābi fa-yadhhabu ʿanhā mā kāna fīhā mina al-jafāfi bi-inqiṭāʿihā bi-l-ṣawmi.

(2) “Thirst” means intense thirst. “The veins are moistened” means by the food and drink that reach them, removing the dryness caused by their deprivation during the fast.

(٣) أَيْ يَجْعَلُهُ حَلَالًا، لِأَنَّهُ مَمْنُوعٌ مِنْهُ بِفِعْلِ الشَّرْعِ، فَإِذَا تَرَكَ الْأَكْلَ الشَّرْعِيَّ بِعَدَمِ التَّسْمِيَةِ جَعَلَ الشَّيْطَانُ ذَلِكَ ذَرِيعَةً لِاسْتِحْلَالِ طَعَامِهِ.

(3) ʾay yajʿaluhu ḥalālan, liʾannahu mamnūʿun minhu bifiʿli al-sharʿi, fa-ʾidhā taraka al-ʾakla al-sharʿiyya biʿadami al-tasmiyati jaʿala al-shayṭānu dhālika dharīʿatan li-istiḥlāli ṭaʿāmihi.

(3) That is, Satan deems it lawful. Sacred Law bars him from it, but when a person abandons the prescribed manner of eating by failing to mention Allah's name, Satan uses that as a means to deem the food lawful for himself.

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وَأَمَرَ ﷺ الصَّحَابَةَ فِي الشَّاةِ الْمَسْمُومَةِ الَّتِي أَهْدَتْهَا إِلَيْهِ الْيَهُودِيَّةُ أَنْ: «اذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَكُلُوا»، فَأَكَلُوا، فَلَمْ يُصِبْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ [مس].

wa-ʾamara ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam al-ṣaḥābata fī al-shāti al-masmūmati allatī ʾahdathā ʾilayhi al-yahūdiyyatu ʾan: «udhkurū isma Allāhi, wa-kulū», fa-ʾakalū, fa-lam yuṣib ʾaḥadan minhum shayʾun [مس].

Regarding the poisoned sheep given to him by the Jewish woman, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed the Companions: “Mention Allah's name and eat.” They ate, and none of them was harmed [مس].

وَفِي حَدِيثِ مَسِيرِهِ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرَ إِلَى بَيْتِ أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ، وَأَكْلِهِمُ الرُّطَبَ، وَاللَّحْمَ، وَشُرْبِهِمُ الْمَاءَ، قَوْلُهُ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ النَّعِيمُ الَّذِي تُسْأَلُونَ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ»، فَلَمَّا كَبُرَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ:

wa-fī ḥadīthi masīrihi, wa-ʾabī bakrin, wa-ʿumara ʾilā bayti ʾabī al-haythami, wa-ʾaklihimu al-ruṭaba, wa-l-laḥma, wa-shurbihimu al-māʾa, qawluhu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «ʾinna hādhā huwa al-naʿīmu alladhī tusʾalūna ʿanhu yawma al-qiyāmati», fa-lammā kabura ʿalā ʾaṣḥābihi qāla:

In the account of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Bakr, and Umar walking to the home of Abu al-Haytham, eating fresh dates and meat, and drinking water, he said, “This is indeed the comfort about which you will be questioned on the Day of Resurrection.” When this weighed heavily on his Companions, he said:

«إِذَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا، وَضَرَبْتُمْ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ، فَقُولُوا: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ، فَإِذَا شَبِعْتُمْ فَقُولُوا: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي هُوَ أَشْبَعَنَا، وَأَرْوَانَا، وَأَنْعَمَ عَلَيْنَا، وَأَفْضَلَ؛ فَإِنَّ هَذَا كَفَافُ هَذَا» [مس].

«ʾidhā ʾaṣabtum mithla hādhā, wa-ḍarabtum bi-ʾaydīkum, fa-qūlū: bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-ʿalā barakati Allāhi, fa-ʾidhā shabiʿtum fa-qūlū: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī huwa ʾashbaʿanā, wa-ʾarwānā, wa-ʾanʿama ʿalaynā, wa-ʾafḍala; fa-ʾinna hādhā kafāfu hādhā» [مس].

“When you obtain something like this and put your hands to it, say, ‘In the name of Allah and with Allah's blessing.’ When you are satisfied, say, ‘All praise is due to Allah, who has satisfied us, quenched our thirst, favored us, and bestowed bounty upon us.’ This suffices in return for that” [مس].

وَإِنْ نَسِيَ التَّسْمِيَةَ أَوَّلَ الطَّعَامِ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾin nasiya al-tasmiyata ʾawwala al-ṭaʿāmi fa-lyaqul:

If he forgets to mention Allah's name at the start of the meal, he should say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَوَّلَهُ وَآخِرَهُ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾawwalahu wa-ʾākhirahu» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

“In the name of Allah at its beginning and its end” [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

وَإِنْ أَكَلَ مَعَ مَجْذُومٍ، أَوْ ذِي عَاهَةٍ قَالَ:

wa-ʾin ʾakala maʿa majdhūmin, ʾaw dhī ʿāhatin qāla:

If he eats with someone afflicted by leprosy or another ailment, he should say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، ثِقَةً بِاللَّهِ وَتَوَكُّلًا عَلَيْهِ» [ت، د، ق، حب، مس، ي].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, thiqatan bi-llāhi wa-tawakkulan ʿalayhi» [ت، د، ق، حب، مس، ي].

“In the name of Allah, trusting in Allah and relying upon Him” [ت، د، ق، حب، مس، ي].

فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ قَالَ:

fa-ʾidhā faragha mina al-ʾakli wa-l-shurbi qāla:

When he finishes eating and drinking, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ حَمْدًا» («الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ حَمْدًا» [ت، س، ق]) «كَثِيرًا طَيِّبًا مُبَارَكًا فِيهِ، غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ، وَلَا مُوَدَّعٍ، وَلَا مُسْتَغْنًى عَنْهُ رَبَّنَا» [خ، عه].

«Allāhumma laka al-ḥamdu ḥamdan» («al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ḥamdan» [ت، س، ق]) «kathīran ṭayyiban mubārakan fīhi, ghayra makfiyyin, wa-lā muwaddaʿin, wa-lā mustaghnan ʿanhu rabbanā» [خ، عه].

“O Allah, to You belongs abundant praise” (variant: “All praise is due to Allah—praise” [ت، س، ق]), “wholesome and blessed, for our Lord can never be adequately repaid, abandoned, or dispensed with” [خ، عه].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَفَانَا وَأَرْوَانَا، غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ وَلَا مَكْفُورٍ» [خ].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī kafānā wa-ʾarwānā, ghayra makfiyyin wa-lā makfūrin» [خ].

“All praise is due to Allah, who has sufficed us and quenched our thirst. He cannot be adequately repaid, nor may His blessings be denied” [خ].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَنَا، وَسَقَانَا، وَجَعَلَنَا مُسْلِمِينَ» [عه، ي].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaṭʿamanā, wa-saqānā, wa-jaʿalanā muslimīna» [عه، ي].

“All praise is due to Allah, who fed us, gave us drink, and made us Muslims” [عه، ي].

(١) هُوَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخَذَ بِيَدِ مَجْذُومٍ فَأَدْخَلَهَا مَعَهُ فِي الْقَصْعَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: كُلْ بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، ثِقَةً بِاللَّهِ وَتَوَكُّلًا عَلَيْهِ.

(1) huwa min ḥadīthi jābirin ʾanna rasūla Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʾakhadha biyadi majdhūmin fa-ʾadkhalahā maʿahu fī al-qaṣʿati, thumma qāla: kul bi-ismi Allāhi, thiqatan bi-llāhi wa-tawakkulan ʿalayhi.

(1) This is from Jabir's hadith: the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took the hand of a man afflicted with leprosy and placed it with his own in the serving dish. He then said, “Eat in the name of Allah, trusting in Allah and relying upon Him.”

وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يُخَالِفُ الْأَحَادِيثَ الْوَارِدَةَ فِي الْفِرَارِ مِنَ الْمَجْذُومِ، فَيُحْمَلُ هَذَا عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَتَأَثَّرْ بِالْأَكْلِ مَعَ الْمَجْذُومِ، وَلَا تُدَاخِلُهُ الْأَوْهَامُ.

wa-hādhā al-ḥadīthu yukhālifu al-ʾaḥādītha al-wāridata fī al-firāri mina al-majdhūmi, fa-yuḥmalu hādhā ʿalā man lam yataʾaththar bi-l-ʾakli maʿa al-majdhūmi, wa-lā tudākhiluhu al-ʾawhāmu.

This hadith conflicts with the hadiths commanding flight from a leper. It is therefore understood to apply to one who is not adversely affected by eating with a leper and is not troubled by fearful imaginings.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا مُوَدَّعٍ: بِفَتْحِ الدَّالِ اسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ مُحْتَاجٌ إِلَيْهِ غَيْرُ مَتْرُوكِ الطَّلَبِ وَالرَّغْبَةِ إِلَيْهِ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَلَا مُسْتَغْنًى عَنْهُ: الْمَعْنَى أَنَّهُ مُحْتَاجٌ إِلَيْهِ غَيْرُ مُسْتَغْنًى عَنْهُ.

(2) qawluhu: wa-lā muwaddaʿin: bifatḥi al-dāli ismu mafʿūlin, wa-l-maʿnā ʾannahu muḥtājun ʾilayhi ghayru matrūki al-ṭalabi wa-l-raghbati ʾilayhi. wa-qawluhu: wa-lā mustaghnan ʿanhu: al-maʿnā ʾannahu muḥtājun ʾilayhi ghayru mustaghnan ʿanhu.

(2) The expression “not abandoned,” with a fatḥah on the dāl and in the passive form, means that He is needed and that seeking and longing for Him are never forsaken. “Nor dispensed with” likewise means that He is needed and can never be done without.

(٣) قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا مَكْفُورٍ: أَيْ وَلَا مَجْحُودِ النِّعَمِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَ بِهَا عَلَى عِبَادِهِ، بَلْ هُوَ مَشْكُورٌ. وَقَوْلُهُ: غَيْرَ مَكْفِيٍّ: لَا يَقُومُ مَقَامَ شَيْءٍ.

(3) qawluhu: wa-lā makfūrin: ʾay wa-lā majḥūdi al-niʿami allatī ʾanʿama bihā ʿalā ʿibādihi, bal huwa mashkūrun. wa-qawluhu: ghayra makfiyyin: lā yaqūmu maqāma shayʾin.

(3) “Nor denied” means that the blessings He has bestowed upon His servants are not denied; rather, He is thanked for them. “Not adequately repaid” means that nothing can take His place.

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«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَ، وَسَقَى، وَسَوَّغَهُ، وَجَعَلَ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا» [د، س، حب].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaṭʿama, wa-saqā, wa-sawwaghahu, wa-jaʿala lahu makhrajan» [د، س، حب].

“All praise is due to Allah, who gave food and drink, made it easy to swallow, and provided it a way out” [د، س، حب].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَنِي هَذَا الطَّعَامَ، وَرَزَقَنِيهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَوْلٍ مِنِّي وَلَا قُوَّةٍ» [د، ت، ق، مس، ي].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaṭʿamanī hādhā al-ṭaʿāma, wa-razaqanīhi min ghayri ḥawlin minnī wa-lā quwwatin» [د، ت، ق، مس، ي].

“All praise is due to Allah, who fed me this food and provided it for me without any power or strength on my part” [د، ت، ق، مس، ي].

وَإِذَا أَكَلَ الطَّعَامَ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾakala al-ṭaʿāma fa-lyaqul:

After eating, let him say:

«اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيهِ، وَأَطْعِمْنَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُ».

«Allāhumma bārik lanā fīhi, wa-ʾaṭʿimnā khayran minhu».

“O Allah, bless it for us and feed us something better than it”.

فَإِنْ كَانَ لَبَنًا فَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيهِ، وَزِدْنَا مِنْهُ» [د، ت، ق].

fa-ʾin kāna labanan fa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma bārik lanā fīhi, wa-zidnā minhu» [د، ت، ق].

If it is milk, let him say: “O Allah, bless it for us and give us more of it” [د، ت، ق].

«إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيَرْضَى عَنِ الْعَبْدِ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ الْأَكْلَةَ فَيَحْمَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا، أَوْ يَشْرَبَ الشَّرْبَةَ فَيَحْمَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا» [م، ت، س، ي].

«ʾinna Allāha layarḍā ʿani al-ʿabdi ʾan yaʾkula al-ʾaklata fa-yaḥmadahu ʿalayhā, ʾaw yashraba al-sharbata fa-yaḥmadahu ʿalayhā» [م، ت، س، ي].

“Indeed, Allah is pleased with a servant who eats a meal and praises Him for it, or drinks a drink and praises Him for it” [م، ت، س، ي].

وَإِذَا غَسَلَ يَدَهُ:

wa-ʾidhā ghasala yadahu:

And after washing his hand:

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يُطْعِمُ وَلَا يُطْعَمُ، مَنَّ عَلَيْنَا فَهَدَانَا، وَأَطْعَمَنَا، وَسَقَانَا، وَكُلَّ بَلَاءٍ حَسَنٍ أَبْلَانَا، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ غَيْرَ مُوَدَّعٍ، وَلَا مُكَافَأٍ، وَلَا مَكْفُورٍ، وَلَا مُسْتَغْنًى عَنْهُ،

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī yuṭʿimu wa-lā yuṭʿamu, manna ʿalaynā fa-hadānā, wa-ʾaṭʿamanā, wa-saqānā, wa-kulla balāʾin ḥasanin ʾablānā, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ghayra muwaddaʿin, wa-lā mukāfaʾin, wa-lā makfūrin, wa-lā mustaghnan ʿanhu,

“All praise is due to Allah, who feeds and is not fed; He has bestowed His favor upon us, guided us, fed us, given us drink, and granted us every good blessing. All praise is due to Allah—a praise never abandoned, never adequately repaid, never denied, and never dispensable.

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ، وَسَقَى مِنَ الشَّرَابِ، وَكَسَا مِنَ الْعُرْيِ، وَهَدَى مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ، وَبَصَّرَ مِنَ الْعَمَى، وَفَضَّلَ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ تَفْضِيلًا، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [س، حب، مس].

al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʾaṭʿama mina al-ṭaʿāmi, wa-saqā mina al-sharābi, wa-kasā mina al-ʿuryi, wa-hadā mina al-ḍalālati, wa-baṣṣara mina al-ʿamā, wa-faḍḍala ʿalā kathīrin mimman khalaqa tafḍīlan, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [س، حب، مس].

All praise is due to Allah, who gave us food to eat, drink to drink, clothing for our nakedness, guidance from error, sight after blindness, and favored us greatly over many of those He created. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds” [س، حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَشْبَعْتَ وَأَرْوَيْتَ فَهَنِّئْنَا، وَرَزَقْتَنَا فَأَكْثَرْتَ، وَأَطَبْتَ فَزِدْنَا» [مو، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾashbaʿta wa-ʾarwayta fa-hanniʾnā, wa-razaqtanā fa-ʾaktharta, wa-ʾaṭabta fa-zidnā» [مو، مص].

“O Allah, You have satisfied our hunger and quenched our thirst, so make it wholesome for us. You have provided for us abundantly and given us what is good, so grant us more” [مو، مص].

وَيَدْعُو لِأَهْلِ الطَّعَامِ:

wa-yadʿū li-ʾahli al-ṭaʿāmi:

And he should pray for those who provided the meal:

«اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِيمَا رَزَقْتَهُمْ، فَاغْفِرْ لَهُمْ (فَارْحَمْهُمْ)» [م، ت، س، مص].

«Allāhumma bārik lahum fīmā razaqtahum, fa-ighfir lahum (fa-irḥamhum)» [م، ت، س، مص].

“O Allah, bless them in what You have provided them, and forgive them (and have mercy on them)” [م، ت، س، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَطْعِمْ مَنْ أَطْعَمَنِي، وَاسْقِ مَنْ سَقَانِي» [م].

«Allāhumma ʾaṭʿim man ʾaṭʿamanī, wa-isqi man saqānī» [م].

“O Allah, feed whoever fed me, and give drink to whoever gave me drink” [م].

مَا يُقَالُ فِي اللِّبَاسِ

mā yuqālu fī al-libāsi

What to Say Regarding Clothing

وَإِذَا لَبِسَ شَيْئًا قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā labisa shayʾan qāla:

When he puts on something, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِهِ وَخَيْرِ مَا هُوَ لَهُ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ وَشَرِّ مَا هُوَ لَهُ» [ي].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayrihi wa-khayri mā huwa lahu, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihi wa-sharri mā huwa lahu» [ي].

“O Allah, I ask You for its good and the good for which it was made, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil for which it was made” [ي].

(١) أَدْخَلَهُ بِسُهُولَةٍ.

(1) ʾadkhalahu bisuhūlatin.

(1) That is, He made it pass down easily.

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وَإِنْ كَانَ جَدِيدًا سَمَّاهُ بِاسْمِهِ: عِمَامَةً، أَوْ قَمِيصًا، أَوْ غَيْرَهُ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ، أَنْتَ كَسَوْتَنِيهِ، أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهُ وَخَيْرَ مَا صُنِعَ لَهُ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ وَشَرِّ مَا صُنِعَ لَهُ» [د، ت، س، حب].

wa-ʾin kāna jadīdan sammāhu bi-ismihi: ʿimāmatan, ʾaw qamīṣan, ʾaw ghayrahu, thumma yaqūlu: «Allāhumma laka al-ḥamdu, ʾanta kasawtanīhi, ʾasʾaluka khayrahu wa-khayra mā ṣuniʿa lahu, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihi wa-sharri mā ṣuniʿa lahu» [د، ت، س، حب].

If it is new, he names the garment—a turban, shirt, or something else—and then says: “O Allah, to You belongs all praise. You clothed me with it. I ask You for its good and the good for which it was made, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil for which it was made” [د، ت، س، حب].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَسَانِي مَا أُوَارِي بِهِ عَوْرَتِي، وَأَتَجَمَّلُ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِي» [ت، ق، مص، مس].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi kasānī mā ʾuwārī bihi ʿawratī, wa-ʾatajammalu bihi fī ḥayātī» [ت، ق، مص، مس].

“All praise is due to Allah, who clothed me with that by which I cover my nakedness and adorn myself in my life” [ت، ق، مص، مس].

«وَمَنْ لَبِسَ ثَوْبًا فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَسَانِي هَذَا وَرَزَقَنِيهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ حَوْلٍ مِنِّي وَلَا قُوَّةٍ، غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ» [د، ت، ق، مس]، «وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ» [د].

«wa-man labisa thawban fa-qāla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī kasānī hādhā wa-razaqanīhi min ghayri ḥawlin minnī wa-lā quwwatin, ghufira lahu mā taqaddama min dhanbihi» [د، ت، ق، مس], «wa-mā taʾakhkhara» [د].

“Whoever puts on a garment and says, ‘All praise is due to Allah, who clothed me with this and provided it for me without any power or strength on my part,’ will have his past sins forgiven” [د، ت، ق، مس], “and his later sins” [د].

وَإِذَا رَأَى عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ثَوْبًا جَدِيدًا قَالَ لَهُ:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā ʿalā ṣāḥibihi thawban jadīdan qāla lahu:

When he sees his companion wearing a new garment, he says to him:

«تُبْلِي وَيُخْلِفُ اللَّهُ» [د، مص]، «أَبْلِ وَأَخْلِقْ، ثُمَّ أَبْلِ وَأَخْلِقْ، ثُمَّ أَبْلِ وَأَخْلِقْ» [خ، د].

«tublī wa-yukhlifu Allāhu» [د، مص], «ʾabli wa-ʾakhliq, thumma ʾabli wa-ʾakhliq, thumma ʾabli wa-ʾakhliq» [خ، د].

“May you wear it out, and may Allah replace it” [د، مص]; “Wear it out and wear it threadbare; wear it out and wear it threadbare; wear it out and wear it threadbare” [خ، د].

فَإِذَا خَلَعَ ثِيَابَهُ:

fa-ʾidhā khalaʿa thiyābahu:

When he takes off his clothes:

فَسِتْرُ مَا بَيْنَ أَعْيُنِ الْجِنِّ وَعَوْرَتِهِ أَنْ يَقُولَ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ» [مص، ي].

fa-sitru mā bayna ʾaʿyuni al-jinni wa-ʿawratihi ʾan yaqūla: «bi-ismi Allāhi» [مص، ي].

The screen between the eyes of the jinn and his nakedness is to say: “In the name of Allah” [مص، ي].

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دُعَاءُ الِاسْتِخَارَةِ

duʿāʾu al-istikhārati

The Prayer for Seeking Guidance

فَإِذَا هَمَّ بِأَمْرٍ:

fa-ʾidhā hamma bi-ʾamrin:

When he is considering a matter:

فَلْيَرْكَعْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ الْفَرِيضَةِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ:

fa-lyarkaʿ rakʿatayni min ghayri al-farīḍati, thumma liyaqul:

Let him pray two voluntary units of prayer, then say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَخِيرُكَ بِعِلْمِكَ، وَأَسْتَقْدِرُكَ (أَسْتَهْدِيكَ) بِقُدْرَتِكَ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ الْعَظِيمِ، فَإِنَّكَ تَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ، وَتَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ،

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾastakhīruka biʿilmika, wa-ʾastaqdiruka (ʾastahdīka) biqudratika, wa-ʾasʾaluka min faḍlika al-ʿaẓīmi, fa-ʾinnaka taqdiru wa-lā ʾaqdiru, wa-taʿlamu wa-lā ʾaʿlamu, wa-ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi,

“O Allah, I seek the better choice through Your knowledge, and I seek ability (guidance) through Your power, and I ask You from Your immense bounty. You have power and I have none; You know and I do not; and You are the Knower of all that is unseen.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ خَيْرٌ لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، أَوْ عَاجِلِ أَمْرِي وَآجِلِهِ، فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي، وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي، ثُمَّ بَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ،

Allāhumma ʾin kunta taʿlamu ʾanna hādhā al-ʾamra khayrun lī fī dīnī wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, ʾaw ʿājili ʾamrī wa-ʾājilihi, fa-uqdurhu lī, wa-yassirhu lī, thumma bārik lī fīhi,

O Allah, if You know that this matter is good for me in my religion, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair—or in its near and distant consequences—then decree it for me, make it easy for me, and then bless it for me.

وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ شَرٌّ لِي فِي دِينِي وَدُنْيَايَ وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، أَوْ عَاجِلِ أَمْرِي وَآجِلِهِ، فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي، وَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهُ، وَاقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُ كَانَ، ثُمَّ أَرْضِنِي (رَضِّنِي) [خ] بِهِ [خ، عه] حَيْثُ كُنْتُ، ثُمَّ أَرْضِنِي بِقَضَائِكَ» [س].

wa-ʾin kunta taʿlamu ʾanna hādhā al-ʾamra sharrun lī fī dīnī wa-dunyāya wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, ʾaw ʿājili ʾamrī wa-ʾājilihi, fa-iṣrifhu ʿannī, wa-iṣrifnī ʿanhu, wa-uqdur liya al-khayra ḥaythu kāna, thumma ʾarḍinī (raḍḍinī) [خ] bihi [خ، عه] ḥaythu kuntu, thumma ʾarḍinī biqaḍāʾika» [س].

But if You know that this matter is bad for me in my religion, my worldly life, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair—or in its near and distant consequences—then turn it away from me and turn me away from it. Decree good for me wherever it may be, and then make me content (fully pleased) [خ] with it [خ، عه] wherever I may be; then make me content with Your decree” [س].

«إِنْ كَانَ خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعَادِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَقَدِّرْهُ لِي، وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ شَرًّا فِي دِينِي وَمَعَادِي وَمَعَاشِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي، وَاصْرِفْنِي عَنْهُ، وَقَدِّرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ، وَرَضِّنِي بِهِ» [حب، مص].

«ʾin kāna khayran lī fī dīnī wa-maʿādī wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-qaddirhu lī, wa-yassirhu lī, wa-bārik lī fīhi, wa-ʾin kāna sharran fī dīnī wa-maʿādī wa-maʿāshī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-iṣrifhu ʿannī, wa-iṣrifnī ʿanhu, wa-qaddir liya al-khayra, wa-raḍḍinī bihi» [حب، مص].

“If it is good for me in my religion, my return, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, decree it for me, make it easy for me, and bless it for me. If it is bad for my religion, my return, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, turn it away from me and turn me away from it; decree good for me and make me content with it” [حب، مص].

«خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي، وَخَيْرًا لِي فِي مَعِيشَتِي، وَخَيْرًا لِي فِي عَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لِي، فَاقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُمَا كَانَ، وَرَضِّنِي بِقَدَرِكَ» [حب].

«khayran lī fī dīnī, wa-khayran lī fī maʿīshatī, wa-khayran lī fī ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-uqdurhu lī, wa-bārik lī fīhi, wa-ʾin kāna ghayru dhālika khayran lī, fa-uqdur liya al-khayra ḥaythumā kāna, wa-raḍḍinī biqadarika» [حب].

“If it is good for my religion, good for my livelihood, and good for the outcome of my affair, decree it for me and bless it for me. If something else is better for me, decree good for me wherever it may be and make me content with Your decree” [حب].

«خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعِيشَتِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاقْدُرْهُ لِي وَيَسِّرْهُ لِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا - الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ - شَرًّا لِي فِي دِينِي وَمَعِيشَتِي وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَاصْرِفْهُ عَنِّي، ثُمَّ اقْدُرْ لِيَ الْخَيْرَ أَيْنَمَا كَانَ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [حب].

«khayran lī fī dīnī wa-maʿīshatī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-uqdurhu lī wa-yassirhu lī, wa-ʾin kāna kadhā wa-kadhā - al-ʾamra alladhī yurīdu - sharran lī fī dīnī wa-maʿīshatī wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-iṣrifhu ʿannī, thumma uqdur liya al-khayra ʾaynamā kāna, lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [حب].

“If it is good for me in my religion, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, decree it for me and make it easy for me. But if such-and-such—the matter he intends—is bad for me in my religion, my livelihood, and the outcome of my affair, turn it away from me, then decree good for me wherever it may be. There is no power and no strength except through Allah” [حب].

(١) أَيْ أَطْلُبُ مِنْكَ الْخَيْرَ أَوِ الْخِيرَةَ، قَالَ فِي الْمُحْكَمِ: اسْتَخَارَ اللَّهَ: طَلَبَ مِنْهُ الْخَيْرَ.

(1) ʾay ʾaṭlubu minka al-khayra ʾawi al-khīrata, qāla fī al-muḥkami: istakhāra Allāha: ṭalaba minhu al-khayra.

(1) That is, I ask You for what is good or for the better choice. Al-Muhkam states: “He sought Allah’s guidance” means that he asked Him for what is good.

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«وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ وَرَحْمَتِكَ، فَإِنَّهُمَا بِيَدَيْكَ، لَا يَمْلِكُهُمَا أَحَدٌ سِوَاكَ، فَإِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ، وَتَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُهُ خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي، وَفِي دُنْيَايَ، وَعَاقِبَةِ أَمْرِي، فَوَفِّقْهُ، وَسَهِّلْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لِي، فَوَفِّقْنِي لِلْخَيْرِ حَيْثُ كَانَ» [ر].

«wa-ʾasʾaluka min faḍlika wa-raḥmatika, fa-ʾinnahumā biyadayka, lā yamlikuhumā ʾaḥadun siwāka, fa-ʾinnaka taʿlamu wa-lā ʾaʿlamu, wa-taqdiru wa-lā ʾaqdiru, wa-ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi, Allāhumma ʾin kāna hādhā al-ʾamru alladhī yurīduhu khayran lī fī dīnī, wa-fī dunyāya, wa-ʿāqibati ʾamrī, fa-waffiqhu, wa-sahhilhu, wa-ʾin kāna ghayru dhālika khayran lī, fa-waffiqnī li-l-khayri ḥaythu kāna» [ر].

“And I ask You from Your bounty and mercy, for they are in Your hands and no one besides You possesses them. You know and I do not; You have power and I have none; and You are the Knower of all that is unseen. O Allah, if this matter that he intends is good for me in my religion, my worldly life, and the outcome of my affair, then grant it success and make it easy. If something else is better for me, then guide me to the good wherever it may be” [ر].

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مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِأُمُورِ الزَّوَاجِ

mā yataʿallaqu biʾumūri al-zawāji

Matters Relating to Marriage

فَإِنْ كَانَ زَوَاجًا:

fa-ʾin kāna zawājan:

If the matter is marriage:

فَلْيَكْتُمِ الْخِطْبَةَ، ثُمَّ لِيَتَوَضَّأْ فَيُحْسِنَ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ لِيُصَلِّ مَا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ، ثُمَّ لِيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَيُمَجِّدْهُ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ:

fa-lyaktumi al-khiṭbata, thumma liyatawaḍḍaʾ fa-yuḥsina wuḍūʾahu, thumma liyuṣalli mā kataba Allāhu lahu, thumma liyaḥmadi Allāha wa-yumajjidhu, thumma liyaqul:

He should keep the proposal private, then perform ablution thoroughly, pray whatever Allah has ordained for him, praise and glorify Allah, and then say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَقْدِرُ وَلَا أَقْدِرُ، وَتَعْلَمُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ، فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنَّ فِي فُلَانَةَ - وَيُسَمِّيهَا بِاسْمِهَا - خَيْرًا لِي فِي دِينِي وَدُنْيَايَ وَآخِرَتِي، فَاقْدُرْهَا لِي، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا لِي فِي دِينِي وَآخِرَتِي، فَاقْدُرْهَا لِي» [حب، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnaka taqdiru wa-lā ʾaqdiru, wa-taʿlamu wa-lā ʾaʿlamu, wa-ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi, fa-ʾin raʾayta ʾanna fī fulānata - wa-yusammīhā bi-ismihā - khayran lī fī dīnī wa-dunyāya wa-ʾākhiratī, fa-uqdurhā lī, wa-ʾin kāna ghayruhā khayran minhā lī fī dīnī wa-ʾākhiratī, fa-uqdurhā lī» [حب، مس].

“O Allah, You have power and I have none; You know and I do not; and You are the Knower of all that is unseen. If You see that there is good for me in so-and-so—and he names her—in my religion, my worldly life, and my Hereafter, then decree her for me. If another woman is better for me than she is in my religion and my Hereafter, then decree that woman for me” [حب، مس].

«مِنْ سَعَادَةِ ابْنِ آدَمَ اسْتِخَارَتُهُ اللَّهَ، وَمِنْ شِقْوَتِهِ تَرْكُهُ اسْتِخَارَةَ اللَّهِ» [مس، ت].

«min saʿādati ibni ʾādama istikhāratuhu Allāha, wa-min shiqwatihi tarkuhu istikhārata Allāhi» [مس، ت].

“Part of the happiness of the child of Adam is seeking Allah’s guidance, and part of his misery is neglecting to seek Allah’s guidance” [مس، ت].

وَإِنْ تَوَلَّى عَقْدًا فَخُطْبَتُهُ:

wa-ʾin tawallā ʿaqdan fa-khuṭbatuhu:

If he officiates a marriage contract, its sermon is:

«إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ، نَحْمَدُهُ، وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ، وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا، وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا، مَنْ يَهْدِهِ اللَّهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ،

«ʾinna al-ḥamda li-llāhi, naḥmaduhu, wa-nastaʿīnuhu, wa-nastaghfiruhu, wa-naʿūdhu bi-llāhi min shurūri ʾanfusinā, wa-min sayyiʾāti ʾaʿmālinā, man yahdihi Allāhu fa-lā muḍilla lahu, wa-man yuḍlil fa-lā hādiya lahu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu,

“Indeed, all praise is due to Allah. We praise Him, seek His help, and ask His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils within ourselves and from our bad deeds. Whoever Allah guides, no one can mislead; and whoever He leaves astray, no one can guide. I testify that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا﴾ [النِّسَاءِ: ١]،

﴿yā ʾayyuhā al-nāsu ittaqū rabbakumu alladhī khalaqakum min nafsin wāḥidatin wa-khalaqa minhā zawjahā wa-baththa minhumā rijālan kathīran wa-nisāʾan wa-ittaqū Allāha alladhī tasāʾalūna bihi wa-l-ʾarḥāma ʾinna Allāha kāna ʿalaykum raqīban﴾ [al-nisāʾi: 1],

﴿O humanity, be mindful of your Lord, who created you from a single soul, created its mate from it, and spread from the two of them many men and women. Be mindful of Allah, in whose name you make requests of one another, and honor family ties. Surely Allah is ever Watchful over you﴾ [النِّسَاءِ: ١],

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٠٢]، ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ...﴾ [الْأَحْزَابِ: ٧٠]» [عه، مس، عو].

﴿yā ʾayyuhā alladhīna ʾāmanū ittaqū Allāha ḥaqqa tuqātihi wa-lā tamūtunna ʾillā wa-ʾantum muslimūna﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 102], ﴿yā ʾayyuhā alladhīna ʾāmanū ittaqū Allāha wa-qūlū qawlan sadīdan yuṣliḥ lakum ʾaʿmālakum...﴾ [al-ʾaḥzābi: 70]» [عه، مس، عو].

﴿O you who believe, be mindful of Allah as He truly deserves, and do not die except in a state of submission﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٠٢]; ﴿O you who believe, be mindful of Allah and speak words that are right; He will set your deeds right for you…﴾ [الْأَحْزَابِ: ٧٠]” [عه، مس، عو].

«... وَرَسُولُهُ، أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا، بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ، مَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ رَشَدَ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِهِمَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَضُرُّ إِلَّا نَفْسَهُ، وَلَا يَضُرُّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا» [د].

«... wa-rasūluhu, ʾarsalahu bi-l-ḥaqqi bashīran wa-nadhīran, bayna yadayi al-sāʿati, man yuṭiʿi Allāha wa-rasūlahu fa-qad rashada, wa-man yaʿṣihimā fa-ʾinnahu lā yaḍurru ʾillā nafsahu, wa-lā yaḍurru Allāha shayʾan» [د].

“…and His Messenger. He sent him with the truth as a bearer of good news and a warner before the Hour. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has been rightly guided; whoever disobeys them harms only himself and does Allah no harm at all” [د].

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وَنَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنَا مِمَّنْ يُطِيعُهُ وَيُطِيعُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، وَيَتَّبِعُ رِضْوَانَهُ، وَيَجْتَنِبُ سَخَطَهُ، فَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ بِهِ وَلَهُ [مو، د].

wa-nasʾalu Allāha ʾan yajʿalanā mimman yuṭīʿuhu wa-yuṭīʿu rasūlahu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-yattabiʿu riḍwānahu, wa-yajtanibu sakhaṭahu, fa-ʾinnamā naḥnu bihi wa-lahu [مو، د].

We ask Allah to make us among those who obey Him and obey His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), pursue His pleasure, and avoid His wrath, for it is only through Him and for Him that we exist [مو، د].

وَيَقُولُ لِمَنْ تَزَوَّجَ:

wa-yaqūlu liman tazawwaja:

He says to one who has married:

«بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ» [خ، م]، «وَبَارَكَ عَلَيْكَ، وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَكُمَا فِي خَيْرٍ» [عه، حب، مس].

«bāraka Allāhu laka» [خ، م], «wa-bāraka ʿalayka, wa-jamaʿa baynakumā fī khayrin» [عه، حب، مس].

“May Allah bless you” [خ، م], “shower His blessings upon you, and unite the two of you in goodness” [عه، حب، مس].

أَوْ: «فَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ» [خ، م، ت، س].

ʾaw: «fa-bāraka Allāhu ʿalayka» [خ، م، ت، س].

Or: “May Allah shower His blessings upon you” [خ، م، ت، س].

وَلَمَّا زَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيًّا فَاطِمَةَ، دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ فَقَالَ لِفَاطِمَةَ: «ائْتِينِي بِمَاءٍ»، فَقَامَتْ إِلَى قَعْبٍ فِي الْبَيْتِ، فَأَتَتْ فِيهِ بِمَاءٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَمَجَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: «تَقَدَّمِي»، فَتَقَدَّمَتْ، فَنَضَحَ بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيْهَا، وَعَلَى رَأْسِهَا، وَقَالَ:

wa-lammā zawwaja rasūlu Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿaliyyan fāṭimata, dakhala al-bayta fa-qāla lifāṭimata: «iʾtīnī bimāʾin», fa-qāmat ʾilā qaʿbin fī al-bayti, fa-ʾatat fīhi bimāʾin, fa-ʾakhadhahu wa-majja fīhi, thumma qāla lahā: «taqaddamī», fa-taqaddamat, fa-naḍaḥa bayna thadyayhā, wa-ʿalā raʾsihā, wa-qāla:

When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) married Fatimah to Ali, he entered the house and said to Fatimah, “Bring me some water.” She went to a cup in the house and brought him water in it. He took it, put some saliva into it, and said to her, “Come forward.” She came forward, and he sprinkled it on her chest and her head, saying:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا: «أَدْبِرِي»، فَأَدْبَرَتْ، فَصَبَّ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ:

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhā bika wa-dhurriyyatahā mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla lahā: «ʾadbirī», fa-ʾadbarat, fa-ṣabba bayna katifayhā, thumma qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhā bika wa-dhurriyyatahā mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla:

“O Allah, I place her and her offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said to her, “Turn around.” She turned around, and he poured it between her shoulders and said, “O Allah, I place her and her offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said:

«ائْتُونِي بِمَاءٍ». قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَعَلِمْتُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ، فَقُمْتُ فَمَلَأْتُ الْقَعْبَ مَاءً، وَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهِ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَمَجَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تَقَدَّمْ»، فَصَبَّ عَلَى رَأْسِي وَبَيْنَ ثَدْيَيَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:

«iʾtūnī bimāʾin». qāla ʿaliyyun: fa-ʿalimtu alladhī yurīdu, fa-qumtu fa-malaʾtu al-qaʿba māʾan, wa-ʾataytuhu bihi, fa-ʾakhadhahu wa-majja fīhi, thumma qāla: «taqaddam», fa-ṣabba ʿalā raʾsī wa-bayna thadyayya, thumma qāla:

“Bring me some water.” Ali said: I understood what he wanted, so I rose, filled the cup with water, and brought it to him. He took it, put some saliva into it, and said, “Come forward.” He poured it over my head and chest, then said:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهُ بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَدْبِرْ»، فَأَدْبَرْتُ، فَصَبَّ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهُ بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اِدْخُلْ بِأَهْلِكَ بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَالْبَرَكَةِ» [حب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhu bika wa-dhurriyyatahu mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla: «ʾadbir», fa-ʾadbartu, fa-ṣabba bayna katifayya, wa-qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾuʿīdhuhu bika wa-dhurriyyatahu mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi», thumma qāla: «idkhul bi-ʾahlika bi-ismi Allāhi wa-l-barakati» [حب].

“O Allah, I place him and his offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said, “Turn around.” I turned around, and he poured it between my shoulders and said, “O Allah, I place him and his offspring in Your protection from the accursed Satan.” Then he said, “Go in to your wife in the name of Allah and with His blessing” [حب].

وَإِذَا دَخَلَ بِأَهْلِهِ أَوِ اشْتَرَى رَقِيقًا:

wa-ʾidhā dakhala bi-ʾahlihi ʾawi ishtarā raqīqan:

When he consummates his marriage or purchases a bondservant:

فَلْيَأْخُذْ بِنَاصِيَتِهَا [م، د، س، ص]، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِهَا، وَخَيْرِ مَا جَبَلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا جَبَلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ» [د، س، ق، ص، مس].

fa-lyaʾkhudh bināṣiyatihā [م، د، س، ص], thumma liyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayrihā, wa-khayri mā jabaltahā ʿalayhi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā, wa-sharri mā jabaltahā ʿalayhi» [د، س، ق، ص، مس].

Let him take hold of her forelock [م، د، س، ص], then say: “O Allah, I ask You for the good within her and the good disposition upon which You created her, and I seek refuge in You from the evil within her and the evil disposition upon which You created her” [د، س، ق، ص، مس].

وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الدَّابَّةِ، وَيَأْخُذُ بِذِرْوَةِ سَنَامِ الْبَعِيرِ [د، س، ص].

wa-ka-dhālika fī al-dābbati, wa-yaʾkhudhu bidhirwati sanāmi al-baʿīri [د، س، ص].

The same applies to a riding animal, and he should take hold of the highest part of the camel’s hump [د، س، ص].

وَكَانَ إِذَا اشْتَرَى مَمْلُوكًا قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ فِيهِ، وَاجْعَلْهُ طَوِيلَ الْعُمُرِ، كَثِيرَ الرِّزْقِ» [مو، مص].

wa-kāna ʾidhā ishtarā mamlūkan qāla: «Allāhumma bārik fīhi, wa-ijʿalhu ṭawīla al-ʿumuri, kathīra al-rizqi» [مو، مص].

When he purchased a slave, he would say: “O Allah, bless him, grant him a long life, and give him abundant provision” [مو، مص].

(١) الْقَعْبُ: الْقَدَحُ.

(1) al-qaʿbu: al-qadaḥu.

(1) Al-qaʿb: a drinking cup.

(٢) مَجَّ: قَذَفَ لُعَابَ.

(2) majja: qadhafa luʿāba.

(2) “Put some saliva into it”: he expelled saliva.

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وَإِذَا أَرَادَ الْجِمَاعَ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda al-jimāʿa qāla:

When he intends to have intercourse, he says:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنَا الشَّيْطَانَ، وَجَنِّبِ الشَّيْطَانَ مَا رَزَقْتَنَا» [ع].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma jannibnā al-shayṭāna, wa-jannibi al-shayṭāna mā razaqtanā» [ع].

“In the name of Allah. O Allah, keep Satan away from us, and keep Satan away from whatever You grant us” [ع].

فَإِذَا أَنْزَلَ قَالَ:

fa-ʾidhā ʾanzala qāla:

Then, when he ejaculates, he says:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَجْعَلْ لِلشَّيْطَانِ فِيمَا رَزَقْتَنِي نَصِيبًا» [مو، مص].

«Allāhumma lā tajʿal li-l-shayṭāni fīmā razaqtanī naṣīban» [مو، مص].

“O Allah, grant Satan no share in what You provide me” [مو، مص].

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مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِأُمُورِ الْأَوْلَادِ

mā yataʿallaqu biʾumūri al-ʾawlādi

Matters Relating to Children

وَإِنْ أُتِيَ بِمَوْلُودٍ:

wa-ʾin ʾutiya bimawlūdin:

When a newborn is brought to him:

أَذَّنَ فِي أُذُنِهِ حِينَ وِلَادَتِهِ [د، ت، م].

ʾadhdhana fī ʾudhunihi ḥīna wilādatihi [د، ت، م].

He should recite the call to prayer into the child’s ear at the time of birth [د، ت، م].

وَوَضَعَهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ، وَحَنَّكَهُ بِتَمْرَةٍ، وَدَعَا لَهُ، وَبَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ [خ، م].

wa-waḍaʿahu fī ḥijrihi, wa-ḥannakahu bitamratin, wa-daʿā lahu, wa-barraka ʿalayhi [خ، م].

He would place the child in his lap, rub the newborn’s palate with a date, pray for the child, and invoke blessing upon him [خ، م].

وَأَمَرَ ﷺ بِتَسْمِيَةِ الْمَوْلُودِ يَوْمَ سَابِعِهِ، وَوَضْعِ الْأَذَى عَنْهُ، وَالْعَقِّ [ت].

wa-ʾamara ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam bitasmiyati al-mawlūdi yawma sābiʿihi, wa-waḍʿi al-ʾadhā ʿanhu, wa-l-ʿaqqi [ت].

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) instructed that the newborn be named on the seventh day, that the harm be removed from him, and that the sacrificial animal be slaughtered [ت].

وَتَعْوِيذُ الطِّفْلِ: «أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ، مِنْ شَرِّ» [خ، عه] «كُلِّ شَيْطَانٍ وَهَامَّةٍ، وَمِنْ كُلِّ (مِنْ كُلِّ)» [د] «عَيْنٍ لَامَّةٍ» [خ، عه، ر].

wa-taʿwīdhu al-ṭifli: «ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmati, min sharri» [خ، عه] «kulli shayṭānin wa-hāmmatin, wa-min kulli (min kulli)» [د] «ʿaynin lāmmatin» [خ، عه، ر].

The prayer for a child’s protection is: “I seek refuge in Allah’s perfect words from the evil of” [خ، عه] “every devil and venomous creature, and from every (from every)” [د] “harmful eye” [خ، عه، ر].

وَإِذَا أَفْصَحَ الْوَلَدُ: فَلْيُعَلِّمْهُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» [ي].

wa-ʾidhā ʾafṣaḥa al-waladu: fa-lyuʿallimhu: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu» [ي].

When the child begins to speak clearly, let him teach the child: “There is no deity but Allah” [ي].

وَكَانَ إِذَا أَفْصَحَ الْوَلَدُ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَلَّمَهُ: ﴿وَقُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا...﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١].

wa-kāna ʾidhā ʾafṣaḥa al-waladu min banī ʿabdi al-muṭṭalibi ʿallamahu: ﴿wa-quli al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī lam yattakhidh waladan...﴾ [al-ʾisrāʾi: 111].

When a child of the Banu Abd al-Muttalib began to speak clearly, he would teach him: ﴿And say: All praise is due to Allah, who has never taken a child…﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١].

«اضْرِبُوهُ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ لِسَبْعٍ، وَاعْزِلُوا فِرَاشَهُ لِتِسْعٍ، وَزَوِّجُوهُ لِسَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ».

«iḍribūhu ʿalā al-ṣalāti lisabʿin, wa-iʿzilū firāshahu litisʿin, wa-zawwijūhu lisabʿa ʿashrata».

“Discipline him regarding prayer at seven, separate his bed at nine, and arrange his marriage at seventeen.”

فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلْيُجْلِسْهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ: «لَا جَعَلَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ فِتْنَةً» [ي].

fa-ʾidhā faʿala dhālika fa-lyujlishu bayna yadayhi, thumma liyaqul: «lā jaʿalaka Allāhu ʿalayya fitnatan» [ي].

When he has done that, let him seat the child before him and say: “May Allah not make you a trial for me” [ي].

(١) الْعَقُّ: الشَّقُّ وَالْقَطْعُ، وَهُوَ الذَّبْحُ عَنِ الْمَوْلُودِ.

(1) al-ʿaqqu: al-shaqqu wa-l-qaṭʿu, wa-huwa al-dhabḥu ʿani al-mawlūdi.

(1) Al-ʿaqq means splitting and cutting; here it is the sacrifice made for a newborn.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: وَهَامَّةٍ: وَاحِدَةُ الْهَوَامِّ الَّتِي تَدِبُّ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَتُؤْذِي النَّاسَ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَلَامَّةٍ: هِيَ الَّتِي تُصِيبُ بِسُوءٍ.

(2) qawluhu: wa-hāmmatin: wāḥidatu al-hawāmmi allatī tadibbu ʿalā al-ʾarḍi wa-tuʾdhī al-nāsa. wa-qawluhu: wa-lāmmatin: hiya allatī tuṣību bisūʾin.

(2) “Hāmmah” is the singular of hawāmm: creatures that crawl upon the earth and harm people. “Lāmmah” means that which afflicts one with harm.

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أَدْعِيَةُ السَّفَرِ

ʾadʿiyatu al-safari

Prayers for Travel

وَإِنْ كَانَ سَفَرًا:

wa-ʾin kāna safaran:

If the matter is travel:

صَافَحَ وَقَالَ (أَيِ الْمُقِيمُ) [حب]: «أَسْتَوْدِعُ اللَّهَ: دِينَكَ، وَأَمَانَتَكَ، وَخَوَاتِيمَ عَمَلِكَ» [س، د، ت، مس، حب]، «وَأَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ» [س].

ṣāfaḥa wa-qāla (ʾayi al-muqīmu) [حب]: «ʾastawdiʿu Allāha: dīnaka, wa-ʾamānataka, wa-khawātīma ʿamalika» [س، د، ت، مس، حب], «wa-ʾaqraʾu ʿalayka al-salāma» [س].

The one remaining behind should shake his hand and say [حب]: “I entrust to Allah your religion, your trusts, and the final deeds of your life” [س، د، ت، مس، حب], “and I convey greetings of peace to you” [س].

وَيَقُولُ لِمَنْ يُوَدِّعُهُ:

wa-yaqūlu liman yuwaddiʿuhu:

He says to the person he is seeing off:

«أَسْتَوْدِعُكَ، أَوْ أَسْتَوْدِعُكُمُ، اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا تَخِيبُ» [ي] «- أَوْ لَا تَضِيعُ -» [أ، طب، ي] «وَدَائِعُهُ» [ي، طب].

«ʾastawdiʿuka, ʾaw ʾastawdiʿukumu, Allāha alladhī lā takhību» [ي] «- ʾaw lā taḍīʿu -» [أ، طب، ي] «wadāʾiʿuhu» [ي، طب].

“I entrust you—or all of you—to Allah, whose trusts never fail” [ي]; the variant reads “are never lost” [أ، طب، ي], with “His trusts” in [ي، طب].

وَمَنْ قَالَ لَهُ: أُرِيدُ السَّفَرَ فَأَوْصِنِي، قَالَ لَهُ: «عَلَيْكَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَالتَّكْبِيرِ عَلَى كُلِّ شَرَفٍ».

wa-man qāla lahu: ʾurīdu al-safara fa-ʾawṣinī, qāla lahu: «ʿalayka bitaqwā Allāhi wa-l-takbīri ʿalā kulli sharafin».

When someone says to him, “I intend to travel, so advise me,” he says: “Hold fast to mindfulness of Allah and proclaim Allah’s greatness whenever you ascend a height.”

فَإِذَا وَلَّى قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اطْوِ لَهُ الْبُعْدَ، وَهَوِّنْ عَلَيْهِ السَّفَرَ» [ت، س، ق].

fa-ʾidhā wallā qāla: «Allāhumma iṭwi lahu al-buʿda, wa-hawwin ʿalayhi al-safara» [ت، س، ق].

As the traveler turns away, he says: “O Allah, shorten the distance for him and make the journey easy for him” [ت، س، ق].

«زَوَّدَكَ اللَّهُ التَّقْوَى، وَغَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ، وَيَسَّرَ لَكَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ» [ت، مس].

«zawwadaka Allāhu al-taqwā, wa-ghafara dhanbaka, wa-yassara laka al-khayra ḥaythumā kunta» [ت، مس].

“May Allah equip you with mindfulness of Him, forgive your sin, and make good easy for you wherever you may be” [ت، مس].

«جَعَلَ اللَّهُ التَّقْوَى زَادَكَ، وَغَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ، وَوَجَّهَ لَكَ الْخَيْرَ حَيْثُمَا تَوَجَّهْتَ» [ر، ط].

«jaʿala Allāhu al-taqwā zādaka, wa-ghafara dhanbaka, wa-wajjaha laka al-khayra ḥaythumā tawajjahta» [ر، ط].

“May Allah make mindfulness of Him your provision, forgive your sin, and direct goodness toward you wherever you turn” [ر، ط].

وَإِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾammara ʾamīran ʿalā jayshin ʾaw sariyyatin:

When he appoints a commander over an army or expedition:

أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّتِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اغْزُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا، وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا» [م، عه].

ʾawṣāhu fī khāṣṣatihi bitaqwā Allāhi, wa-man maʿahu mina al-muslimīna khayran, thumma qāla: «ughzū bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-lā taghullū, wa-lā taghdirū, wa-lā tumaththilū, wa-lā taqtulū walīdan» [م، عه].

He counsels him personally to be mindful of Allah and to treat the Muslims with him well. Then he says: “Fight in the name of Allah. Do not steal from the spoils, betray a covenant, mutilate, or kill a child” [م، عه].

(١) أَيْ قَالَ الْمُقِيمُ لِمَنْ يُوَدِّعُهُ، وَقَوْلُهُ: دِينَكَ وَأَمَانَتَكَ: قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: الْأَمَانَةُ هُنَا أَهْلُهُ وَمَنْ يَخْلُفُهُ وَمَالُهُ الَّذِي عِنْدَ أَمِينِهِ.

(1) ʾay qāla al-muqīmu liman yuwaddiʿuhu, wa-qawluhu: dīnaka wa-ʾamānataka: qāla al-khaṭṭābiyyu: al-ʾamānatu hunā ʾahluhu wa-man yakhlufuhu wa-māluhu alladhī ʿinda ʾamīnihi.

(1) That is, the person remaining behind says this to the one he is seeing off. Regarding “your religion and your trusts,” al-Khattabi said: Here, the trusts are his family, those he leaves behind, and his property held by his trustee.

قَالَ: وَذِكْرُ الدِّينِ هُنَا لِأَنَّ السَّفَرَ مَظِنَّةُ الْمَشَقَّةِ، وَرُبَّمَا كَانَ سَبَبًا لِإِهْمَالِ بَعْضِ أُمُورِ الدِّينِ.

qāla: wa-dhikru al-dīni hunā liʾanna al-safara maẓinnatu al-mashaqqati, wa-rubbamā kāna sababan li-ʾihmāli baʿḍi ʾumūri al-dīni.

He said: Religion is mentioned here because travel is likely to involve hardship and may cause some religious duties to be neglected.

(٢) عَلَى كُلِّ شَرَفٍ: الشَّرَفُ هُوَ الْمَكَانُ الْعَالِي.

(2) ʿalā kulli sharafin: al-sharafu huwa al-makānu al-ʿālī.

(2) “Whenever you ascend a height”: sharaf means a high place.

(٣) الْخِيَانَةُ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ، وَالسَّرِقَةُ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ قَبْلَ الْقِسْمَةِ.

(3) al-khiyānatu fī al-maghnami, wa-l-sariqatu mina al-ghanīmati qabla al-qismati.

(3) Betrayal concerning the spoils means stealing from the booty before it is divided.

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«انْطَلِقُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، لَا تَقْتُلُوا شَيْخًا فَانِيًا، وَلَا طِفْلًا، وَلَا صَغِيرًا، وَلَا امْرَأَةً، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا، وَضُمُّوا غَنَائِمَكُمْ، وَأَحْسِنُوا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ» [د].

«inṭaliqū bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-bi-llāhi, wa-ʿalā millati rasūli Allāhi, lā taqtulū shaykhan fāniyan, wa-lā ṭiflan, wa-lā ṣaghīran, wa-lā imraʾatan, wa-lā taghullū, wa-ḍummū ghanāʾimakum, wa-ʾaḥsinū, ʾinna Allāha yuḥibbu al-muḥsinīna» [د].

“Set out in the name of Allah, through Allah, and upon the way of the Messenger of Allah. Do not kill a decrepit old man, a child, a young person, or a woman. Do not steal from the spoils; gather your spoils together; and do good, for Allah loves those who do good” [د].

فَإِذَا مَشَى مَعَهُمْ، قَالَ: «انْطَلِقُوا عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنْهُمْ» [مس].

fa-ʾidhā mashā maʿahum, qāla: «inṭaliqū ʿalā ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma ʾaʿinhum» [مس].

When he walks with them, he says: “Set out in the name of Allah. O Allah, help them” [مس].

وَإِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرًا قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda safaran qāla:

When he intends to travel, he says:

«اللَّهُمَّ بِكَ أَصُولُ، وَبِكَ أَحُولُ، وَبِكَ أَسِيرُ» [د، أ].

«Allāhumma bika ʾaṣūlu, wa-bika ʾaḥūlu, wa-bika ʾasīru» [د، أ].

“O Allah, through You I attack, through You I defend myself, and through You I travel” [د، أ].

وَإِنْ خَافَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ:

wa-ʾin khāfa min ʿaduwwin ʾaw ghayrihi:

If he fears an enemy or anything else:

فَقِرَاءَةُ: ﴿لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ﴾ [قُرَيْشٍ: ١] أَمَانٌ مِنْ كُلِّ سُوءٍ [مو]، مُجَرَّبٌ.

fa-qirāʾatu: ﴿liʾīlāfi qurayshin﴾ [qurayshin: 1] ʾamānun min kulli sūʾin [مو], mujarrabun.

Reciting ﴿For the accustomed security of Quraysh﴾ [قُرَيْشٍ: ١] is protection from every harm [مو]; this has been tried and proven.

فَإِذَا وَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ فِي الرِّكَابِ قَالَ:

fa-ʾidhā waḍaʿa rijlahu fī al-rikābi qāla:

When he places his foot in the stirrup, he says:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ».

«bi-ismi Allāhi».

“In the name of Allah.”

فَإِذَا اسْتَوَى عَلَى ظَهْرِهَا قَالَ:

fa-ʾidhā istawā ʿalā ẓahrihā qāla:

Once he is seated upon its back, he says:

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، ﴿سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ وَإِنَّا إِلَى رَبِّنَا لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ﴾ [الزُّخْرُفِ: ١٣–١٤]، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ»، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ.

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi, ﴿subḥāna alladhī sakhkhara lanā hādhā wa-mā kunnā lahu muqrinīna wa-ʾinnā ʾilā rabbinā lamunqalibūna﴾ [al-zukhrufi: 13–14], al-ḥamdu li-llāhi», thalātha marrātin.

“All praise is due to Allah. ﴿Glory be to the One who subjected this to us, though we could never have mastered it, and surely to our Lord we will return﴾ [الزُّخْرُفِ: ١٣–١٤]. All praise is due to Allah” three times.

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ»، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ»، مَرَّةً [أ]. «سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [د، ت، س، حب، أ، مس].

«Allāhu ʾakbaru», thalātha marrātin. «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu», marratan [أ]. «subḥānaka ʾinnī ẓalamtu nafsī fa-ighfir lī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta» [د، ت، س، حب، أ، مس].

“Allah is the Greatest” three times, then “There is no deity but Allah” once [أ]. “Glory be to You. I have indeed wronged myself, so forgive me, for no one forgives sins except You” [د، ت، س، حب، أ، مس].

فَإِذَا اسْتَوَى:

fa-ʾidhā istawā:

Once he is seated:

كَبَّرَ ثَلَاثًا وَقَرَأَ الْآيَةَ: ﴿سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَذَا...﴾، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ فِي سَفَرِنَا هَذَا الْبِرَّ وَالتَّقْوَى، وَمِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا تَرْضَى، اللَّهُمَّ هَوِّنْ عَلَيْنَا سَفَرَنَا هَذَا، وَاطْوِ عَنَّا بُعْدَهُ،

kabbara thalāthan wa-qaraʾa al-ʾāyata: ﴿subḥāna alladhī sakhkhara lanā hādhā...﴾, wa-qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnā nasʾaluka fī safarinā hādhā al-birra wa-l-taqwā, wa-mina al-ʿamali mā tarḍā, Allāhumma hawwin ʿalaynā safaranā hādhā, wa-iṭwi ʿannā buʿdahu,

He proclaims Allah’s greatness three times, recites the verse ﴿Glory be to the One who subjected this to us…﴾, and says: “O Allah, we ask You on this journey of ours for righteousness, mindfulness of You, and deeds that please You. O Allah, make this journey easy for us and shorten its distance for us.

اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الصَّاحِبُ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَالْخَلِيفَةُ فِي الْأَهْلِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ السَّفَرِ، وَكَآبَةِ الْمَنْظَرِ، وَسُوءِ الْمُنْقَلَبِ فِي الْمَالِ،

Allāhumma ʾanta al-ṣāḥibu fī al-safari, wa-l-khalīfatu fī al-ʾahli, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min waʿthāʾi al-safari, wa-kaʾābati al-manẓari, wa-sūʾi al-munqalabi fī al-māli,

O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian of the family. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the hardship of travel, from returning to a distressing sight, and from an unhappy return concerning my wealth,

(١) أَصُولُ: أَيْ أَسْطُو وَأَقْهَرُ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الْمُصَاوَلَةِ وَهِيَ الْمُوَاثَبَةُ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَبِكَ أَحُولُ: قِيلَ أَتَحَرَّكُ، وَقِيلَ أَدْفَعُ وَأَمْنَعُ، وَقِيلَ أَتَحَوَّلُ.

(1) ʾaṣūlu: ʾay ʾasṭū wa-ʾaqharu, wa-huwa mina al-muṣāwalati wa-hiya al-muwāthabatu. wa-qawluhu: wa-bika ʾaḥūlu: qīla ʾataḥarraku, wa-qīla ʾadfaʿu wa-ʾamnaʿu, wa-qīla ʾataḥawwalu.

(1) “I advance” means I attack and overcome; it derives from musāwalah, meaning to spring upon another. “Through You I defend myself” has been explained as: I move, I repel and prevent, or I change my condition.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: وَعْثَاءُ: أَيْ شِدَّتُهُ وَمَشَقَّتُهُ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَكَآبَةُ الْمَنْظَرِ: الْكَآبَةُ بِالْمَدِّ وَالتَّغَيُّرُ وَالِانْكِسَارُ مِنْ مَشَقَّةِ السَّفَرِ وَمَا يَحْصُلُ عَلَى الْمُسَافِرِ مِنَ الِاهْتِمَامِ بِأُمُورِهِ.

(2) qawluhu: waʿthāʾu: ʾay shiddatuhu wa-mashaqqatuhu. wa-qawluhu: wa-kaʾābatu al-manẓari: al-kaʾābatu bi-l-maddi wa-l-taghayyuru wa-l-inkisāru min mashaqqati al-safari wa-mā yaḥṣulu ʿalā al-musāfiri mina al-ihtimāmi biʾumūrihi.

(2) “The hardship of travel” means its severity and difficulty. “Returning to a distressing sight” refers to dejection, change, and brokenness caused by the hardship of travel and the traveler’s concern over his affairs.

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وَالْأَهْلِ، وَالْوَلَدِ». وَإِذَا رَجَعَ قَالَهُنَّ، وَزَادَ فِيهِنَّ: «آيِبُونَ، تَائِبُونَ، عَابِدُونَ، لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُونَ» [م، د، س، ت].

wa-l-ʾahli, wa-l-waladi». wa-ʾidhā rajaʿa qālahunna, wa-zāda fīhinna: «ʾāyibūna, tāʾibūna, ʿābidūna, lirabbinā ḥāmidūna» [م، د، س، ت].

family, and children.” On returning, he says the same words and adds: “We return, repent, worship, and praise our Lord” [م، د، س، ت].

وَإِذَا رَكِبَ مَدَّ إِصْبَعَهُ وَقَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā rakiba madda ʾiṣbaʿahu wa-qāla:

When he mounts, he extends his finger and says:

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الصَّاحِبُ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَالْخَلِيفَةُ فِي الْأَهْلِ، اللَّهُمَّ اصْحَبْنَا بِنُصْحِكَ، وَاقْلِبْنَا بِذِمَّةٍ، اللَّهُمَّ ازْوِ لَنَا الْأَرْضَ، وَهَوِّنْ عَلَيْنَا السَّفَرَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ السَّفَرِ، وَكَآبَةِ الْمُنْقَلَبِ» [ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾanta al-ṣāḥibu fī al-safari, wa-l-khalīfatu fī al-ʾahli, Allāhumma iṣḥabnā binuṣḥika, wa-iqlibnā bidhimmatin, Allāhumma izwi lanā al-ʾarḍa, wa-hawwin ʿalaynā al-safara, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min waʿthāʾi al-safari, wa-kaʾābati al-munqalabi» [ت، س].

“O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian of the family. O Allah, accompany us with Your good care and bring us back under Your protection. O Allah, fold up the earth for us and make the journey easy for us. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the hardship of travel and from returning to a distressing sight” [ت، س].

«مَا مِنْ بَعِيرٍ إِلَّا فِي ذِرْوَتِهِ شَيْطَانٌ، فَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِذَا رَكِبْتُمُوهُ، كَمَا أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ امْتَهِنُوهَا لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا يَحْمِلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ» [أ، ط].

«mā min baʿīrin ʾillā fī dhirwatihi shayṭānun, fa-udhkurū isma Allāhi ʿazza wa-jalla ʾidhā rakibtumūhu, kamā ʾamarakumu Allāhu, thumma imtahinūhā li-ʾanfusikum, fa-ʾinnamā yaḥmilu Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla» [أ، ط].

“There is no camel without a devil upon the highest part of its hump. So mention the name of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, when you mount it, as Allah has commanded you. Then subject it to your needs, for it is Allah, Mighty and Majestic, who truly carries you” [أ، ط].

وَيَتَعَوَّذُ فِي السَّفَرِ مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ السَّفَرِ، وَكَآبَةِ الْمُنْقَلَبِ، وَالْحَوْرِ بَعْدَ الْكَوْرِ [حب] (الْكَوْنِ)، وَدَعْوَةِ الْمَظْلُومِ، وَسُوءِ الْمَنْظَرِ فِي الْأَهْلِ وَالْمَالِ [م، ت، س، ق].

wa-yataʿawwadhu fī al-safari min waʿthāʾi al-safari, wa-kaʾābati al-munqalabi, wa-l-ḥawri baʿda al-kawri [حب] (al-kawni), wa-daʿwati al-maẓlūmi, wa-sūʾi al-manẓari fī al-ʾahli wa-l-māli [م، ت، س، ق].

During travel he seeks refuge from the hardship of travel, from returning to a distressing sight, from decline after progress [حب] (variant: after stability), from the supplication of the wronged, and from seeing anything distressing concerning family or wealth [م، ت، س، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ بَلَاغًا يَبْلُغُ خَيْرًا وَمَغْفِرَةً مِنْكَ وَرِضْوَانًا، بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ، إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الصَّاحِبُ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَالْخَلِيفَةُ فِي الْأَهْلِ، اللَّهُمَّ هَوِّنْ عَلَيْنَا السَّفَرَ، وَاطْوِ لَنَا الْأَرْضَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ السَّفَرِ، وَكَآبَةِ الْمُنْقَلَبِ» [ص، ي].

«Allāhumma balāghan yablughu khayran wa-maghfiratan minka wa-riḍwānan, biyadika al-khayru, ʾinnaka ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, Allāhumma ʾanta al-ṣāḥibu fī al-safari, wa-l-khalīfatu fī al-ʾahli, Allāhumma hawwin ʿalaynā al-safara, wa-iṭwi lanā al-ʾarḍa, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min waʿthāʾi al-safari, wa-kaʾābati al-munqalabi» [ص، ي].

“O Allah, grant us an arrival that brings us goodness, forgiveness from You, and Your pleasure. All good is in Your hand; You have power over all things. O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian of the family. O Allah, make the journey easy for us and fold up the earth for us. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the hardship of travel and from returning to a distressing sight” [ص، ي].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الصَّاحِبُ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَالْخَلِيفَةُ فِي الْأَهْلِ، اللَّهُمَّ اصْحَبْنَا فِي سَفَرِنَا، وَاخْلُفْنَا فِي أَهْلِنَا» [ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾanta al-ṣāḥibu fī al-safari, wa-l-khalīfatu fī al-ʾahli, Allāhumma iṣḥabnā fī safarinā, wa-ukhlufnā fī ʾahlinā» [ت، س].

“O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian of the family. O Allah, accompany us on our journey and guard our family in our absence” [ت، س].

وَإِذَا عَلَا ثَنِيَّةً كَبَّرَ، وَإِذَا هَبَطَ سَبَّحَ [خ، س، د].

wa-ʾidhā ʿalā thaniyyatan kabbara, wa-ʾidhā habaṭa sabbaḥa [خ، س، د].

When he ascends a mountain pass, he proclaims Allah’s greatness; and when he descends, he glorifies Allah [خ، س، د].

وَإِذَا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى وَادٍ هَلَّلَ، وَكَبَّرَ [ع].

wa-ʾidhā ʾashrafa ʿalā wādin hallala, wa-kabbara [ع].

When he overlooks a valley, he declares Allah’s oneness and proclaims His greatness [ع].

(٢) تَتِمَّةٌ: قَوْلُهُ: وَسُوءُ الْمُنْقَلَبِ: أَيْ سُوءُ الِانْقِلَابِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ، وَذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يَرْجِعَ مَنْقُوصًا مَهْمُومًا بِمَا يَسُوءُهُ.

(2) tatimmatun: qawluhu: wa-sūʾu al-munqalabi: ʾay sūʾu al-inqilābi ʾilā ʾahlihi min safarihi, wa-dhālika bi-ʾan yarjiʿa manqūṣan mahmūman bimā yasūʾuhu.

(2) Supplement: “an unhappy return” means returning from his journey to his family in a bad state—diminished and distressed by something that troubles him.

(١) مِنَ الزَّيِّ وَهُوَ الْجَمْعُ وَالطَّيُّ.

(1) mina al-zayyi wa-huwa al-jamʿu wa-l-ṭayyu.

(1) From zayy, meaning gathering and folding.

(٢) أَعْلَى سَنَامِ الْبَعِيرِ، وَذِرْوَةُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَعْلَاهُ.

(2) ʾaʿlā sanāmi al-baʿīri, wa-dhirwatu kulli shayʾin ʾaʿlāhu.

(2) The top of a camel’s hump; the summit of anything is its highest part.

(٣) الْحَوْرُ بَعْدَ الْكَوْرِ: أَيْ مِنَ النُّقْصَانِ بَعْدَ الزِّيَادَةِ. وَقِيلَ مِنْ فَسَادِ أُمُورِنَا بَعْدَ صَلَاحِهَا، وَقِيلَ مِنَ الرُّجُوعِ عَنِ الْجَمَاعَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ كُنَّا مِنْهُمْ. وَأَصْلُهُ مِنْ نَقْضِ الْعِمَامَةِ بَعْدَ لَفِّهَا.

(3) al-ḥawru baʿda al-kawri: ʾay mina al-nuqṣāni baʿda al-ziyādati. wa-qīla min fa-sādi ʾumūrinā baʿda ṣalāḥihā, wa-qīla mina al-rujūʿi ʿani al-jamāʿati baʿda ʾan kunnā minhum. wa-ʾaṣluhu min naqḍi al-ʿimāmati baʿda laffihā.

(3) “Decline after progress” means decrease after increase. It has also been explained as the deterioration of our affairs after they had been sound, or withdrawing from the community after having belonged to it. The expression originally refers to unwrapping a turban after it has been wound.

(٤) الطَّرِيقُ الْعَالِي فِي الْجَبَلِ.

(4) al-ṭarīqu al-ʿālī fī al-jabali.

(4) A high road through the mountain.

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وَإِنْ عَثَرَتْ بِهِ دَابَّتُهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ» [مس، مص، أ، ط].

wa-ʾin ʿatharat bihi dābbatuhu fa-lyaqul: «bismi Allāhi» [مس، مص، أ، ط].

If his mount stumbles with him, he should say, “In the name of Allah” [مس، مص، أ، ط].

وَإِذَا رَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ:

wa-ʾidhā rakiba al-baḥra:

When he travels by sea:

«أَمَانٌ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ أَنْ يَقُولَ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ مَجْرَاهَا وَمُرْسَاهَا﴾ الْآيَةَ [هُودٍ: ٤١]، ﴿وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ...﴾ الْآيَةَ [الزُّمَرِ: ٦٧]» [ط، ي، ص].

«ʾamānun mina al-gharaqi ʾan yaqūla: ﴿bismi Allāhi majrāhā wa-mursāhā﴾ al-ʾāyata [hūdin: 41], ﴿wa-mā qadarū Allāha...﴾ al-ʾāyata [al-zumari: 67]» [ط، ي، ص].

“A safeguard from drowning is to say: ﴿In the name of Allah is its sailing and its anchoring﴾, to the end of the verse [هُودٍ: ٤١], and ﴿They have not esteemed Allah...﴾, to the end of the verse [الزُّمَرِ: ٦٧]” [ط، ي، ص].

وَإِذَا انْفَلَتَتْ دَابَّتُهُ:

wa-ʾidhā infalatat dābbatuhu:

If his mount breaks loose:

«فَلْيُنَادِ: أَعِينُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ رَحِمَكُمُ اللَّهُ» [مو، مص].

«fa-lyunādi: ʾaʿīnū ʿibāda Allāhi raḥimakumu Allāhu» [مو، مص].

“He should call out: ‘O servants of Allah, help me; may Allah have mercy on you’” [مو، مص].

وَإِنْ أَرَادَ عَوْنًا فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾin ʾarāda ʿawnan fa-lyaqul:

If he needs help, he should say:

«يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَعِينُونِي، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَعِينُونِي، يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَعِينُونِي».

«yā ʿibāda Allāhi ʾaʿīnūnī, yā ʿibāda Allāhi ʾaʿīnūnī, yā ʿibāda Allāhi ʾaʿīnūnī».

“O servants of Allah, help me! O servants of Allah, help me! O servants of Allah, help me!”

وَقَدْ جُرِّبَ ذَلِكَ [ط].

wa-qad jurriba dhālika [ط].

This has been tried and found effective [ط].

وَإِذَا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَكَانٍ مُرْتَفِعٍ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾashrafa ʿalā makānin murtafiʿin qāla:

When he reaches a high place, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الشَّرَفُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَرَفٍ، وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ» [أ، ص، ي].

«Allāhumma laka al-sharafu ʿalā kulli sharafin, wa-laka al-ḥamdu ʿalā kulli ḥālin» [أ، ص، ي].

“O Allah, Yours is the loftiness above every height, and to You belongs all praise in every state” [أ، ص، ي].

وَإِذَا أَرَادَ بَلْدَةً يُرِيدُ دُخُولَهَا قَالَ حِينَ يَرَاهَا:

wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda baldatan yurīdu dukhūlahā qāla ḥīna yarāhā:

When he intends to enter a town, he should say upon seeing it:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَمَا أَظْلَلْنَ، وَرَبَّ الْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعِ وَمَا أَقْلَلْنَ، وَرَبَّ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَمَا أَضْلَلْنَ، وَرَبَّ الرِّيَاحِ وَمَا ذَرَيْنَ، فَإِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ، وَخَيْرَ أَهْلِهَا، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَشَرِّ أَهْلِهَا وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا» [س، حب، مس].

«Allāhumma rabba al-samāwāti al-sabʿi wa-mā ʾaẓlalna, wa-rabba al-ʾaraḍīna al-sabʿi wa-mā ʾaqlalna, wa-rabba al-shayāṭīni wa-mā ʾaḍlalna, wa-rabba al-riyāḥi wa-mā dharayna, fa-ʾinnā nasʾaluka khayra hādhihi al-qaryati, wa-khayra ʾahlihā, wa-naʿūdhu bika min sharrihā wa-sharri ʾahlihā wa-sharri mā fīhā» [س، حب، مس].

“O Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and all they overshadow, Lord of the seven earths and all they bear, Lord of the devils and all they lead astray, and Lord of the winds and all they scatter, we ask You for the good of this town and the good of its people, and we seek refuge in You from its evil, the evil of its people, and the evil within it” [س، حب، مس].

«أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهَا وَخَيْرَ مَا فِيهَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا» [ط].

«ʾasʾaluka khayrahā wa-khayra mā fīhā, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā wa-sharri mā fīhā» [ط].

“I ask You for its good and the good within it, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil within it” [ط].

وَعِنْدَمَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا:

wa-ʿindamā yurīdu ʾan yadkhulahā:

When he is about to enter it:

«اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيهَا - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ - اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا جَنَاهَا، وَحَبِّبْنَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا، وَحَبِّبْ صَالِحِي أَهْلِهَا إِلَيْنَا» [طس].

«Allāhumma bārik lanā fīhā - thalātha marrātin - Allāhumma urzuqnā janāhā, wa-ḥabbibnā ʾilā ʾahlihā, wa-ḥabbib ṣāliḥī ʾahlihā ʾilaynā» [طس].

“O Allah, bless it for us—three times—O Allah, provide us with its fruits, make us beloved to its people, and make the righteous among its people beloved to us” [طس].

وَإِذَا نَزَلَ مَنْزِلًا:

wa-ʾidhā nazala manzilan:

When he stops at a place:

«أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى يَرْتَحِلَ» [م، ت، س، ق، أ، ط، مص].

«ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmāti min sharri mā khalaqa, fa-ʾinnahu lam yaḍurrahu shayʾun ḥattā yartaḥila» [م، ت، س، ق، أ، ط، مص].

“I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from the evil of what He created; then nothing will harm him until he departs” [م، ت، س، ق، أ، ط، مص].

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وَإِذَا أَمْسَى وَأَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾamsā wa-ʾaqbala al-laylu:

When evening comes and night approaches:

«يَا أَرْضُ، رَبِّي وَرَبُّكِ اللَّهُ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّكِ وَشَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ فِيكِ، وَشَرِّ مَا يَدِبُّ عَلَيْكِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ أَسَدٍ وَأَسْوَدَ (١)، وَمِنَ الْحَيَّةِ وَالْعَقْرَبِ، وَمِنْ سَاكِنِ الْبَلَدِ (٢)، وَمِنْ وَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ» [د، س، مس].

«yā ʾarḍu, rabbī wa-rabbuki Allāhu, ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi min sharriki wa-sharri mā khalaqa fīki, wa-sharri mā yadibbu ʿalayki, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi min ʾasadin wa-ʾaswada (1), wa-mina al-ḥayyati wa-l-ʿaqrabi, wa-min sākini al-baladi (2), wa-min wālidin wa-mā walada» [د، س، مس].

“O earth, my Lord and your Lord is Allah. I seek refuge in Allah from your evil, the evil of what He created within you, and the evil of what moves upon you. I seek refuge in Allah from a lion and a large black snake (1), from snakes and scorpions, from the inhabitants of the land (2), and from every parent and what it begets” [د، س، مس].

وَوَقْتَ السَّحَرِ يَقُولُ:

wa-waqta al-saḥari yaqūlu:

At the time before dawn, he should say:

«سَمِعَ سَامِعٌ (٣) بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ، وَنِعْمَتِهِ [د]، وَحُسْنِ بَلَائِهِ عَلَيْنَا، رَبَّنَا، صَاحِبْنَا، وَأَفْضِلْ عَلَيْنَا، عَائِذًا بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّارِ» [م، د، س، عو].

«samiʿa sāmiʿun (3) biḥamdi Allāhi, wa-niʿmatihi [د], wa-ḥusni balāʾihi ʿalaynā, rabbanā, ṣāḥibnā, wa-ʾafḍil ʿalaynā, ʿāʾidhan bi-llāhi mina al-nāri» [م، د، س، عو].

“Let a hearer hear (3) of our praise of Allah, His blessing [د], and His gracious treatment of us. Our Lord, accompany us and bestow Your favor upon us, as one seeking refuge in Allah from the Fire” [م، د، س، عو].

يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَيَرْفَعُ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ.

yaqūlu dhālika thalātha marrātin wa-yarfaʿu bihā ṣawtahu.

He should say this three times, raising his voice.

وَقَالَ ﷺ: «أَتُحِبُّ يَا جُبَيْرُ إِذَا خَرَجْتَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ أَنْ تَكُونَ أَمْثَلَ أَصْحَابِكَ هَيْئَةً، وَأَكْثَرَهُمْ زَادًا؟» فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي.

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «ʾatuḥibbu yā jubayru ʾidhā kharajta min safarin ʾan takūna ʾamthala ʾaṣḥābika hayʾatan, wa-ʾaktharahum zādan?» fa-qultu: naʿam, biʾabī ʾanta wa-ʾummī.

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Would you like, Jubayr, when you return from a journey, to be the best-presented of your companions and the one with the most provisions?” I said, “Yes—may my father and mother be sacrificed for you.”

قَالَ: «فَاقْرَأْ هَذِهِ السُّوَرَ الْخَمْسَ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، وَ﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ﴾ [النَّصْرِ: ١]، وَ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾، وَافْتَتِحْ كُلَّ سُورَةٍ بِـ: ﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ وَاخْتِمْ قِرَاءَتَكَ بِهَا».

qāla: «fa-iqraʾ hādhihi al-suwara al-khamsa: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾, wa-﴿ʾidhā jāʾa naṣru Allāhi wa-l-fatḥu﴾ [al-naṣri: 1], wa-﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾, wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾, wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-nāsi﴾, wa-iftatiḥ kulla sūratin bi: ﴿bismi Allāhi al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi﴾ wa-ikhtim qirāʾataka bihā».

He said, “Then recite these five surahs: ﴿Say: O disbelievers﴾, ﴿When Allah’s help and the victory come﴾ [النَّصْرِ: ١], ﴿Say: He is Allah, One﴾, ﴿Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak﴾, and ﴿Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of humankind﴾. Begin each surah with ﴿In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful﴾, and conclude your recitation with it.”

قَالَ جُبَيْرٌ: وَكُنْتُ غَنِيًّا كَثِيرَ الْمَالِ، فَكُنْتُ أَخْرُجُ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَأَكُونُ أَبَذَّهُمْ هَيْئَةً، وَأَقَلَّهُمْ زَادًا، فَمَا زِلْتُ مُنْذُ عَلِمْتُهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَرَأْتُ بِهِنَّ، أَكُونُ مِنْ أَحْسَنِهِمْ هَيْئَةً، وَأَكْثَرِهِمْ زَادًا، حَتَّى أَرْجِعَ مِنْ سَفَرِي [ص].

qāla jubayrun: wa-kuntu ghaniyyan kathīra al-māli, fa-kuntu ʾakhruju fī safarin, fa-ʾakūnu ʾabadhdhahum hayʾatan, wa-ʾaqallahum zādan, fa-mā ziltu mundhu ʿalimtuhunna min rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-qaraʾtu bihinna, ʾakūnu min ʾaḥsanihim hayʾatan, wa-ʾaktharihim zādan, ḥattā ʾarjiʿa min safarī [ص].

Jubayr said: I was wealthy and had much property, yet when I set out on a journey I would be the shabbiest in appearance and have the fewest provisions. Ever since I learned these surahs from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and began reciting them, I have remained among the best-presented and best-provisioned of my companions until I return from my journey [ص].

«مَا رَاكِبٌ يَخْلُو فِي مَسِيرِهِ بِاللَّهِ وَذِكْرِهِ، إِلَّا رَدِفَهُ اللَّهُ بِمَلَكٍ، وَلَا يَخْلُو بِشِعْرٍ وَنَحْوِهِ، إِلَّا رَدِفَهُ شَيْطَانٌ» [ط].

«mā rākibun yakhlū fī masīrihi bi-llāhi wa-dhikrihi, ʾillā radifahu Allāhu bimalakin, wa-lā yakhlū bishiʿrin wa-naḥwihi, ʾillā radifahu shayṭānun» [ط].

“No rider devotes himself during his journey to Allah and His remembrance without Allah placing an angel behind him; and no rider devotes himself to poetry and the like without a devil riding behind him” [ط].

(١) قَوْلُهُ: وَأَسْوَدُ: هُوَ الْعَظِيمُ مِنَ الْحَيَّاتِ، فِيهِ سَوَادٌ، وَخَصَّهُ بِالذِّكْرِ لِخُبْثِهِ.

(1) qawluhu: wa-ʾaswadu: huwa al-ʿaẓīmu mina al-ḥayyāti, fīhi sawādun, wa-khaṣṣahu bi-l-dhikri likhubthihi.

(1) The word “black snake” means a large snake that is black. It is singled out because of its viciousness.

(٢) قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: هُمُ الْجِنُّ الَّذِينَ هُمْ سُكَّانُ الْأَرْضِ، وَالْبَلَدُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ مَا يَأْوِي الْحَيَوَانُ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ مَنَازِلُ وَبِنَاءٌ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَوَالِدٌ وَمَا وَلَدَ: قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: الْمُرَادُ إِبْلِيسُ وَجُنُودُهُ. وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ الِاسْتِعَاذَةُ مِنْ كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ كَائِنًا مَا كَانَ.

(2) qāla al-khaṭṭābiyyu: humu al-jinnu alladhīna hum sukkānu al-ʾarḍi, wa-l-baladu mina al-ʾarḍi mā yaʾwī al-ḥayawānu ʾilayhi, wa-ʾin lam yakun fīhi manāzilu wa-bināʾun. wa-qawluhu: wa-wālidun wa-mā walada: qāla al-khaṭṭābiyyu: al-murādu ʾiblīsu wa-junūduhu. wa-l-ẓāhiru ʾanna al-murāda al-istiʿādhatu min kulli ṣaghīrin wa-kabīrin mina al-ḥayawāni kāʾinan mā kāna.

(2) Al-Khattabi said: They are the jinn who inhabit the earth. A “land” is any part of the earth to which animals resort, even if it has no dwellings or buildings. Regarding “every parent and what it begets,” al-Khattabi said that it means Iblis and his forces. The apparent meaning, however, is seeking refuge from every animal, small or large, whatever it may be.

(٣) مَعْنَاهُ: بَلَغَ سَامِعٌ. قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ: سَمِعَ بِكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ وَتَخْفِيفِهَا: مَعْنَاهُ شَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ، أَيْ يَشْهَدُ شَاهِدٌ عَلَى حَمْدِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى وَحُسْنِ نِعْمَتِهِ عَلَيْنَا.

(3) maʿnāhu: balagha sāmiʿun. qāla al-khaṭṭābiyyu: samiʿa bikasri al-mīmi wa-takhfīfihā: maʿnāhu shahida shāhidun, ʾay yashhadu shāhidun ʿalā ḥamdi Allāhi subḥānahu wa-taʿālā wa-ḥusni niʿmatihi ʿalaynā.

(3) Its meaning is: “A hearer has received the message.” Al-Khattabi said that sami'a—with the medial consonant vowelled i and pronounced without doubling—means, “A witness has testified”; that is, let a witness testify to the praise of Allah, Glorious and Exalted, and to His gracious blessing upon us.

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أَدْعِيَةُ الْحَجِّ

ʾadʿiyatu al-ḥajji

Supplications for Hajj

وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي حَجٍّ:

wa-ʾin kāna fī ḥajjin:

If he is performing Hajj:

فَإِذَا اسْتَوَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ عَلَى الْبَيْدَاءِ: حَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَسَبَّحَ، وَكَبَّرَ [خ].

fa-ʾidhā istawat bihi rāḥilatuhu ʿalā al-baydāʾi: ḥamida Allāha, wa-sabbaḥa, wa-kabbara [خ].

When his mount bears him up onto al-Bayda', he should praise Allah, glorify Him, and proclaim His greatness [خ].

فَإِذَا أَحْرَمَ لَبَّى:

fa-ʾidhā ʾaḥrama labbā:

When he enters the state of ihram, he should recite the talbiyah:

«لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ» [خ]. «لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ، وَسَعْدَيْكَ، وَالْخَيْرُ بِيَدَيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ وَالرَّغْبَاءُ إِلَيْكَ وَالْعَمَلُ لَبَّيْكَ» [مو، م، عه].

«labbayka Allāhumma labbayka, labbayka lā sharīka laka labbayka, ʾinna al-ḥamda wa-l-niʿmata laka wa-l-mulka, lā sharīka laka» [خ]. «labbayka labbayka, wa-saʿdayka, wa-l-khayru biyadayka, labbayka wa-l-raghbāʾu ʾilayka wa-l-ʿamalu labbayka» [مو، م، عه].

“Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am. Here I am at Your service; You have no partner; here I am. Surely all praise, blessing, and sovereignty belong to You. You have no partner” [خ]. “Here I am at Your service, again and again, ready to obey You; all good is in Your hands. Here I am at Your service; all desire and all deeds are directed to You. Here I am” [مو، م، عه].

«لَبَّيْكَ إِلَهَ الْحَقِّ لَبَّيْكَ» [س، ق، حب، مس].

«labbayka ʾilāha al-ḥaqqi labbayka» [س، ق، حب، مس].

“Here I am at Your service, God of truth, here I am” [س، ق، حب، مس].

وَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْ تَلْبِيَتِهِ: سَأَلَ اللَّهَ مَغْفِرَتَهُ وَرِضْوَانَهُ، وَاسْتَعْتَقَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ [ط].

wa-ʾidhā faragha min talbiyatihi: saʾala Allāha maghfiratahu wa-riḍwānahu, wa-istaʿtaqahu mina al-nāri [ط].

When he finishes his talbiyah, he should ask Allah for His forgiveness and pleasure, and ask Him to free him from the Fire [ط].

فَإِذَا طَافَ: كُلَّمَا أَتَى الرُّكْنَ كَبَّرَ [خ].

fa-ʾidhā ṭāfa: kullamā ʾatā al-rukna kabbara [خ].

When performing tawaf, he should proclaim Allah’s greatness each time he reaches the Corner [خ].

وَيَقُولُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنَيْنِ:

wa-yaqūlu bayna al-ruknayni:

Between the two Corners, he should say:

﴿رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٠١] [د، س، حب، مس].

﴿rabbanā ʾātinā fī al-dunyā ḥasanatan wa-fī al-ʾākhirati ḥasanatan wa-qinā ʿadhāba al-nāri﴾ [al-baqarati: 201] [د، س، حب، مس].

﴿Our Lord, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٠١] [د، س، حب، مس].

وَكَذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْحَجَرِ [مص]، وَفِي الطَّوَافِ [مس]، أَوْ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ [د، س، حب، مس]:

wa-ka-dhālika bayna al-rukni wa-l-ḥajari [مص], wa-fī al-ṭawāfi [مس], ʾaw bayna al-rukni wa-l-maqāmi [د، س، حب، مس]:

Likewise, between the Corner and the Stone [مص], during tawaf [مس], or between the Corner and the Station [د، س، حب، مس], he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ (رَبِّ) [مص] قَنِّعْنِي بِمَا رَزَقْتَنِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ، وَاخْلُفْ عَلَى كُلِّ غَائِبَةٍ لِي بِخَيْرٍ» [مس، مو، مص].

«Allāhumma (rabbi) [مص] qanniʿnī bimā razaqtanī, wa-bārik lī fīhi, wa-ukhluf ʿalā kulli ghāʾibatin lī bikhayrin» [مس، مو، مص].

“O Allah (my Lord) [مص], make me content with what You have provided me, bless it for me, and take good care of everything of mine that I leave behind” [مس، مو، مص].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» [مو، مص].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun» [مو، مص].

“There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things” [مو، مص].

وَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ:

wa-ʾidhā faragha mina al-ṭawāfi:

When he finishes tawaf:

تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَرَأَ: ﴿وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٢٥].

taqaddama ʾilā maqāmi ʾibrāhīma, fa-qaraʾa: ﴿wa-ittakhidhū min maqāmi ʾibrāhīma muṣallan﴾ [al-baqarati: 125].

He should proceed to the Station of Abraham and recite: ﴿Take the Station of Abraham as a place of prayer﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٢٥].

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وَجَعَلَ الْمَقَامَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ، وَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فِي الْأُولَى: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، وَالثَّانِيَةِ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الرُّكْنِ فَيَسْتَلِمُهُ، ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْبَابِ إِلَى الصَّفَا، فَإِذَا دَنَا مِنْهُ قَرَأَ:

wa-jaʿala al-maqāma baynahu wa-bayna al-bayti, wa-ṣallā rakʿatayni, fī al-ʾūlā: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾, wa-l-thāniyati: ﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾, thumma yarjiʿu ʾilā al-rukni fa-yastalimuhu, thumma yakhruju mina al-bābi ʾilā al-ṣafā, fa-ʾidhā danā minhu qaraʾa:

He should place the Station between himself and the House and pray two rak'ahs, reciting ﴿Say: O disbelievers﴾ in the first and ﴿Say: He is Allah, One﴾ in the second. He should then return to the Corner and touch it, then go out through the gate toward al-Safa. As he draws near it, he should recite:

﴿إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٥٨]، أَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهِ. فَيَرْقَى الصَّفَا حَتَّى يَرَى الْبَيْتَ، فَيَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَيُوَحِّدُ اللَّهَ وَيُكَبِّرُهُ، وَيَقُولُ:

﴿ʾinna al-ṣafā wa-l-marwata min shaʿāʾiri Allāhi﴾ [al-baqarati: 158], ʾabdaʾu bimā badaʾa Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla bihi. fa-yarqā al-ṣafā ḥattā yarā al-bayta, fa-yastaqbilu al-qiblata, fa-yuwaḥḥidu Allāha wa-yukabbiruhu, wa-yaqūlu:

﴿Indeed, al-Safa and al-Marwah are among the rites of Allah﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٥٨]. “I begin with what Allah, Mighty and Majestic, began with.” He should then climb al-Safa until he can see the House, face the qiblah, affirm Allah’s oneness, proclaim His greatness, and say:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، أَنْجَزَ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ».

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, yuḥyī wa-yumītu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, ʾanjaza waʿdahu, wa-naṣara ʿabdahu, wa-hazama al-ʾaḥzāba waḥdahu».

“There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise. He gives life and causes death, and He has power over all things. There is no deity but Allah alone. He fulfilled His promise, gave victory to His servant, and defeated the confederates by Himself.”

ثُمَّ يَدْعُو بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ، وَيَقُولُ مِثْلَ هَذَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ يَنْزِلُ إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ، حَتَّى إِذَا انْصَبَّتْ قَدَمَاهُ فِي بَطْنِ الْوَادِي، سَعَى، حَتَّى إِذَا صَعِدَ مَشَى، حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى الْمَرْوَةَ، فَعَلَ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ كَمَا فَعَلَ عَلَى الصَّفَا [م، د، س، ق، عو].

thumma yadʿū bayna dhālika, wa-yaqūlu mithla hādhā thalātha marrātin, thumma yanzilu ʾilā al-marwati, ḥattā ʾidhā inṣabbat qadamāhu fī baṭni al-wādī, saʿā, ḥattā ʾidhā ṣaʿida mashā, ḥattā ʾidhā ʾatā al-marwata, faʿala ʿalā al-marwati kamā faʿala ʿalā al-ṣafā [م، د، س، ق، عو].

He should then supplicate between these recitations and say this three times. He should then descend toward al-Marwah; when his feet reach the bottom of the valley, he should hasten, and when he begins ascending he should walk. Upon reaching al-Marwah, he should do there what he did at al-Safa [م، د، س، ق، عو].

وَإِذَا رَقِيَ الصَّفَا: كَبَّرَ ثَلَاثًا، وَيَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ». يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَيَصِيرُ مِنَ التَّكْبِيرِ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرُونَ، وَمِنَ التَّهْلِيلِ سَبْعٌ؛

wa-ʾidhā raqiya al-ṣafā: kabbara thalāthan, wa-yaqūlu: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun». yaṣnaʿu dhālika sabʿa marrātin, fa-yaṣīru mina al-takbīri ʾiḥdā wa-ʿishrūna, wa-mina al-tahlīli sabʿun;

When he climbs al-Safa, he should proclaim Allah’s greatness three times and say, “There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things.” He should do this seven times, making twenty-one proclamations of Allah’s greatness and seven declarations of His oneness;

وَيَدْعُو فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَيَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ يَهْبِطُ، فَإِذَا رَقِيَ عَلَى الْمَرْوَةِ، صَنَعَ كَمَا صَنَعَ عَلَى الصَّفَا، حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ [مو، طا، مص].

wa-yadʿū fīmā bayna dhālika wa-yasʾalu Allāha, thumma yahbiṭu, fa-ʾidhā raqiya ʿalā al-marwati, ṣanaʿa kamā ṣanaʿa ʿalā al-ṣafā, ḥattā yafrugha [مو، طا، مص].

and between them he should supplicate and ask Allah. He should then descend, and when he climbs al-Marwah he should do as he did at al-Safa until he finishes [مو، طا، مص].

وَيَدْعُو عَلَى الصَّفَا:

wa-yadʿū ʿalā al-ṣafā:

On al-Safa he should supplicate:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ قُلْتَ: ﴿ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ﴾ [غَافِرٍ: ٦٠]، وَإِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ، وَإِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ كَمَا هَدَيْتَنِي لِلْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ لَا تَنْزِعَهُ مِنِّي، حَتَّى تَتَوَفَّانِي وَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ» [مو، طا].

«Allāhumma ʾinnaka qulta: ﴿udʿūnī ʾastajib lakum﴾ [ghāfirin: 60], wa-ʾinnaka lā tukhlifu al-mīʿāda, wa-ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka kamā hadaytanī li-l-ʾislāmi ʾan lā tanziʿahu minnī, ḥattā tatawaffānī wa-ʾanā muslimun» [مو، طا].

“O Allah, You have said, ﴿Call upon Me, and I will answer you﴾ [غَافِرٍ: ٦٠], and You never break Your promise. I ask You: just as You guided me to Islam, do not take it away from me until You cause me to die as a Muslim” [مو، طا].

وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ:

wa-bayna al-ṣafā wa-l-marwati:

Between al-Safa and al-Marwah:

«رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ، أَنْتَ الْأَعَزُّ الْأَكْرَمُ» [مو، مص].

«rabbi ighfir wa-irḥam, ʾanta al-ʾaʿazzu al-ʾakramu» [مو، مص].

“My Lord, forgive and have mercy. You are the Mightiest, the Most Generous” [مو، مص].

وَإِذَا سَارَ إِلَى عَرَفَاتٍ: لَبَّى وَكَبَّرَ [م، د].

wa-ʾidhā sāra ʾilā ʿarafātin: labbā wa-kabbara [م، د].

As he proceeds to Arafat, he should recite the talbiyah and proclaim Allah’s greatness [م، د].

وَخَيْرُ الدُّعَاءِ دُعَاءُ عَرَفَةَ، وَ«خَيْرُ مَا قُلْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّونَ قَبْلِي: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» [ت].

wa-khayru al-duʿāʾi duʿāʾu ʿarafata, wa-«khayru mā qultu ʾanā wa-l-nabiyyūna qablī: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun» [ت].

The best supplication is the supplication of the Day of Arafah, and “The best words that I and the prophets before me have said are: There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things” [ت].

«أَكْثَرُ دُعَائِي وَدُعَاءِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي بِعَرَفَةَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ

«ʾaktharu duʿāʾī wa-duʿāʾi al-ʾanbiyāʾi qablī biʿarafata: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka

“Most of my supplication and the supplication of the prophets before me at Arafah is: There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner

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لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورًا، وَفِي سَمْعِي نُورًا، وَفِي بَصَرِي نُورًا، اللَّهُمَّ اشْرَحْ لِي صَدْرِي، وَيَسِّرْ لِي أَمْرِي، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَسَاوِسِ الصَّدْرِ،

lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, Allāhumma ijʿal fī qalbī nūran, wa-fī samʿī nūran, wa-fī baṣarī nūran, Allāhumma ishraḥ lī ṣadrī, wa-yassir lī ʾamrī, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min wasāwisi al-ṣadri,

to Him. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things. O Allah, place light in my heart, light in my hearing, and light in my sight. O Allah, expand my breast for me and ease my task for me. I seek refuge in You from the whisperings of the breast,

وَشَتَاتِ الْأَمْرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الْقَبْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَلِجُ فِي اللَّيْلِ، وَشَرِّ مَا يَلِجُ فِي النَّهَارِ، وَشَرِّ مَا تَهُبُّ بِهِ الرِّيَاحُ» [مص].

wa-shatāti al-ʾamri, wa-fitnati al-qabri, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā yaliju fī al-layli, wa-sharri mā yaliju fī al-nahāri, wa-sharri mā tahubbu bihi al-riyāḥu» [مص].

from disorder in my affairs, and from the trial of the grave. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what enters by night, the evil of what enters by day, and the evil of what the winds carry” [مص].

وَالتَّلْبِيَةُ بِعَرَفَاتٍ سُنَّةٌ [س، مس].

wa-l-talbiyatu biʿarafātin sunnatun [س، مس].

Reciting the talbiyah at Arafat is a Sunnah [س، مس].

وَلَمَّا وَقَفَ ﷺ بِعَرَفَاتٍ وَقَالَ: «لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ»، قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الْخَيْرُ خَيْرُ الْآخِرَةِ» [طس].

wa-lammā waqafa ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam biʿarafātin wa-qāla: «labbayka Allāhumma labbayka», qāla: «ʾinnamā al-khayru khayru al-ʾākhirati» [طس].

When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood at Arafat and said, “Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am,” he also said, “True good is the good of the Hereafter” [طس].

فَإِذَا صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ، وَوَقَفَ بِعَرَفَةَ، يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ وَيَقُولُ:

fa-ʾidhā ṣallā al-ʿaṣra, wa-waqafa biʿarafata, yarfaʿu yadayhi wa-yaqūlu:

After he prays 'Asr and stands at Arafah, he should raise his hands and say:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي بِالْهُدَى، وَنَقِّنِي بِالتَّقْوَى، وَاغْفِرْ لِي فِي الْآخِرَةِ وَالْأُولَى».

«Allāhu ʾakbaru wa-li-llāhi al-ḥamdu, Allāhu ʾakbaru wa-li-llāhi al-ḥamdu, Allāhu ʾakbaru wa-li-llāhi al-ḥamdu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, Allāhumma ihdinī bi-l-hudā, wa-naqqinī bi-l-taqwā, wa-ighfir lī fī al-ʾākhirati wa-l-ʾūlā».

“Allah is the Greatest, and all praise is due to Allah. Allah is the Greatest, and all praise is due to Allah. Allah is the Greatest, and all praise is due to Allah. There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise. O Allah, guide me with true guidance, purify me through reverence for You, and forgive me in the Hereafter and in this life.”

ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ يَدَيْهِ، فَيَسْكُتُ قَدْرَ مَا يَقْرَأُ إِنْسَانٌ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ يَعُودُ فَيَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ، وَيَقُولُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ [مو، مص].

thumma yaruddu yadayhi, fa-yaskutu qadra mā yaqraʾu ʾinsānun fātiḥata al-kitābi, thumma yaʿūdu fa-yarfaʿu yadayhi, wa-yaqūlu mithla dhālika [مو، مص].

He should then lower his hands and remain silent for as long as it takes someone to recite the Opening of the Book. He should then raise his hands again and say the same words [مو، مص].

وَإِذَا أَتَى وَرَجَعَ الْمَشْعَرَ الْحَرَامَ: اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، فَدَعَاهُ، وَكَبَّرَهُ، وَهَلَّلَهُ، وَوَحَّدَهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ وَاقِفًا حَتَّى أَسْفَرَ جِدًّا (١) [م، د، س، ق، عو].

wa-ʾidhā ʾatā wa-rajaʿa al-mashʿara al-ḥarāma: istaqbala al-qiblata, fa-daʿāhu, wa-kabbarahu, wa-hallalahu, wa-waḥḥadahu, fa-lam yazal wāqifan ḥattā ʾasfara jiddan (1) [م، د، س، ق، عو].

When he returns and comes to al-Mash'ar al-Haram, he should face the qiblah, supplicate to Allah, proclaim His greatness, declare that there is no deity but Him, and affirm His oneness. He should remain standing until dawn has grown very bright (1) [م، د، س، ق، عو].

وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى يَرْمِيَ الْجَمْرَةَ، أَيْ: جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ [ع].

wa-lam yazal yulabbī ḥattā yarmiya al-jamrata, ʾay: jamrata al-ʿaqabati [ع].

He should continue reciting the talbiyah until he stones the Jamrah, meaning Jamrat al-'Aqabah [ع].

وَإِذَا أَرَادَ رَمْيَ الْجِمَارِ: فَإِذَا أَتَى الْجَمْرَةَ الدُّنْيَا، رَمَاهَا بِسَبْعِ حَصَيَاتٍ، يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى إِثْرِ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ [خ، س]، أَوْ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ [م، د، س، ق، مص].

wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda ramya al-jimāri: fa-ʾidhā ʾatā al-jamrata al-dunyā, ramāhā bisabʿi ḥaṣayātin, yukabbiru ʿalā ʾithri kulli ḥaṣātin [خ، س], ʾaw maʿa kulli ḥaṣātin [م، د، س، ق، مص].

When he intends to stone the Jamarat, he should begin at the nearest Jamrah and throw seven pebbles at it, proclaiming Allah’s greatness after each pebble [خ، س], or with each pebble [م، د، س، ق، مص].

ثُمَّ يَتَقَدَّمُ، فَيَقُومُ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ قِيَامًا طَوِيلًا، فَيَدْعُو، وَيَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَرْمِي الْجَمْرَةَ الْوُسْطَى كَذَلِكَ، فَيَأْخُذُ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ، فَيَسْهُلُ (٢)، وَيَقُومُ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ قِيَامًا

thumma yataqaddamu, fa-yaqūmu mustaqbila al-qiblati qiyāman ṭawīlan, fa-yadʿū, wa-yarfaʿu yadayhi, thumma yarmī al-jamrata al-wusṭā ka-dhālika, fa-yaʾkhudhu dhāta al-shimāli, fa-yashulu (2), wa-yaqūmu mustaqbila al-qiblati qiyāman

He should then move forward, face the qiblah, stand for a long time, supplicate, and raise his hands. He should then stone the middle Jamrah in the same way, move to the left onto level ground (2), and stand facing the qiblah for a long time,

(١) أَضَاءَ وَانْكَشَفَ، أَيِ الْفَجْرُ.

(1) ʾaḍāʾa wa-inkashafa, ʾayi al-fajru.

(1) That is, dawn became bright and fully visible.

(٢) أَيْ يَقْصِدُ السَّهْلَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ، وَهُوَ الْمَكَانُ الْمُسْتَوِي الَّذِي لَا ارْتِفَاعَ فِيهِ.

(2) ʾay yaqṣidu al-sahla mina al-ʾarḍi, wa-huwa al-makānu al-mustawī alladhī lā irtifāʿa fīhi.

(2) That is, he should go to the level part of the ground, a flat place with no elevation.

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طَوِيلًا، فَيَدْعُو، وَيَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَرْمِي الْجَمْرَةَ ذَاتَ الْعَقَبَةِ مِنْ بَطْنِ الْوَادِي، وَلَا يَقِفُ عِنْدَهَا [خ، س].

ṭawīlan, fa-yadʿū, wa-yarfaʿu yadayhi, thumma yarmī al-jamrata dhāta al-ʿaqabati min baṭni al-wādī, wa-lā yaqifu ʿindahā [خ، س].

supplicating and raising his hands. He should then stone Jamrat al-'Aqabah from the floor of the valley and not remain standing there [خ، س].

وَيَسْتَبْطِنُ الْوَادِيَ، حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغَ قَالَ:

wa-yastabṭinu al-wādiya, ḥattā ʾidhā faragha qāla:

He should stand within the valley, and when he finishes he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ حَجًّا مَبْرُورًا، وَذَنْبًا مَغْفُورًا» [مص، مو].

«Allāhumma ijʿalhu ḥajjan mabrūran, wa-dhanban maghfūran» [مص، مو].

“O Allah, make it an accepted Hajj and a forgiven sin” [مص، مو].

وَيَدْعُو عِنْدَ الْجَمَرَاتِ كُلِّهَا، وَلَا يُوَقِّتُ شَيْئًا [مو، مص].

wa-yadʿū ʿinda al-jamarāti kullihā, wa-lā yuwaqqitu shayʾan [مو، مص].

He should supplicate at all the Jamarat without prescribing any particular words [مو، مص].

وَإِذَا ذَبَحَ: سَمَّى وَكَبَّرَ، وَوَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ عَلَى صِفَاحِهِ، أَيْ: عَرْضَ خَدِّهَا [ع].

wa-ʾidhā dhabaḥa: sammā wa-kabbara, wa-waḍaʿa rijlahu ʿalā ṣifāḥihi, ʾay: ʿarḍa khaddihā [ع].

When slaughtering, he should mention Allah’s name, proclaim His greatness, and place his foot against the side of the animal’s neck—that is, the broad side of its cheek [ع].

وَيَقُولُ فِي الْأُضْحِيَةِ:

wa-yaqūlu fī al-ʾuḍḥiyati:

For the sacrificial animal, he should say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي، وَمِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ [م، د]، إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ عَلَى مِلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي، وَمَحْيَايَ، وَمَمَاتِي،

«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma taqabbal minnī, wa-min ʾummati muḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam [م، د], ʾinnī wajjahtu wajhiya li-lladhī faṭara al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍa ʿalā millati ʾibrāhīma ḥanīfan wa-mā ʾanā mina al-mushrikīna, ʾinna ṣalātī wa-nusukī, wa-maḥyāya, wa-mamātī,

“In the name of Allah. O Allah, accept this from me and from the nation of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) [م، د]. I have turned my face toward the One who created the heavens and the earth, following the upright faith of Abraham, and I am not one of those who associate partners with Allah. Indeed, my prayer, my sacrifice, my life, and my death

لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَبِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ، وَأَنَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَلَكَ، بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ» [د، ق، مس]، ثُمَّ يَذْبَحُ.

li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, lā sharīka lahu, wa-bi-dhālika ʾumirtu, wa-ʾanā mina al-muslimīna, Allāhumma minka wa-laka, bi-ismi Allāhi wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru» [د، ق، مس], thumma yadhbaḥu.

are for Allah, Lord of all worlds. He has no partner. This is what I was commanded, and I am among the Muslims. O Allah, it is from You and for You. In the name of Allah, and Allah is the Greatest” [د، ق، مس]. Then he should slaughter it.

وَقَالَ ﷺ لِفَاطِمَةَ: «قُومِي إِلَى أُضْحِيَّتِكِ، فَاشْهَدِيهَا، فَإِنَّهُ يُغْفَرُ لَكِ عِنْدَ أَوَّلِ قَطْرَةٍ مِنْ دَمِهَا كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ عَمِلْتِهِ، وَقُولِي: إِنَّ صَلَاتِي، وَنُسُكِي... إِلَى آخِرِهِ». قَالَ عِمْرَانُ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا لَكَ وَلِأَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ خَاصَّةً؟ قَالَ: «بَلْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً» [مس].

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam lifāṭimata: «qūmī ʾilā ʾuḍḥiyyatiki, fa-ishhadīhā, fa-ʾinnahu yughfaru laki ʿinda ʾawwali qaṭratin min damihā kullu dhanbin ʿamiltihi, wa-qūlī: ʾinna ṣalātī, wa-nusukī... ʾilā ʾākhirihi». qāla ʿimrānu: qultu: yā rasūla Allāhi, hādhā laka wa-li-ʾahli baytika khāṣṣatan? qāla: «bal li-l-muslimīna ʿāmmatan» [مس].

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Fatimah, “Go to your sacrificial animal and witness its slaughter, for with its first drop of blood every sin you have committed will be forgiven. Say: ‘Indeed, my prayer and my sacrifice...’ to the end.” 'Imran said: I asked, “Messenger of Allah, is this exclusively for you and your household?” He replied, “Rather, it is for Muslims in general” [مس].

فَإِذَا كَانَتْ بَدَنَةً (١) فَلْيُقِمْهَا، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ:

fa-ʾidhā kānat badanatan (1) fa-lyuqimhā, thumma liyaqul:

If it is a badanah (1), he should make it stand and then say:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ مِنْكَ وَلَكَ».

«Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhumma minka wa-laka».

“Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest, Allah is the Greatest. O Allah, it is from You and for You.”

ثُمَّ لِيُسَمِّ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ لِيَنْحَرْ.

thumma liyusammi Allāha, thumma liyanḥar.

Then he should mention Allah’s name and slaughter it by piercing it at the base of the neck.

وَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَقِيقَةً فَعَلَ كَالْأُضْحِيَةِ [مو، مس].

wa-ʾin kānat ʿaqīqatan faʿala ka-l-ʾuḍḥiyati [مو، مس].

If it is an 'aqiqah sacrifice, he should do as he does for the 'Eid sacrifice [مو، مس].

وَيُسَمِّي عَلَى الْعَقِيقَةِ كَمَا يُسَمَّى عَلَى الْأُضْحِيَةِ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، عَقِيقَةُ فُلَانٍ» [مو، مص].

wa-yusammī ʿalā al-ʿaqīqati kamā yusammā ʿalā al-ʾuḍḥiyati: «bi-ismi Allāhi, ʿaqīqatu fulānin» [مو، مص].

He should state the name over the 'aqiqah just as it is stated over the 'Eid sacrifice: “In the name of Allah; this is the 'aqiqah of so-and-so” [مو، مص].

(١) الْجَمَلُ أَوِ النَّاقَةُ أَوِ الْبَقَرَةُ، سُمِّيَتْ بِذَلِكَ لِعِظَمِهَا.

(1) al-jamalu ʾawi al-nāqatu ʾawi al-baqaratu, summiyat bi-dhālika liʿiẓamihā.

(1) A camel, she-camel, or cow; it is called a badanah because of its large size.

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وَإِذَا دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ: كَبَّرَ فِي نَوَاحِيهِ [خ، د]، وَفِي زَوَايَاهُ [د]، وَيَدْعُو فِي نَوَاحِيهِ كُلِّهَا، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ رَكَعَ فِي قُبُلِ الْبَيْتِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ [م، س].

wa-ʾidhā dakhala al-bayta: kabbara fī nawāḥīhi [خ، د], wa-fī zawāyāhu [د], wa-yadʿū fī nawāḥīhi kullihā, fa-ʾidhā kharaja rakaʿa fī qubuli al-bayti rakʿatayni [م، س].

When he enters the House, he should proclaim Allah’s greatness in its various parts [خ، د] and in its corners [د], and supplicate throughout it. When he leaves, he should pray two rak'ahs facing the front of the House [م، س].

وَدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْكَعْبَةَ هُوَ، وَأُسَامَةُ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ الْحَجَبِيُّ، وَبِلَالُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، فَأَغْلَقَهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَمَكَثَ فِيهَا، فَسَأَلْتُ بِلَالًا حِينَ خَرَجَ: مَاذَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟

wa-dakhala al-nabiyyu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam al-kaʿbata huwa, wa-ʾusāmatu, wa-ʿuthmānu bnu ṭalḥata al-ḥajabiyyu, wa-bilālu bnu rabāḥin, fa-ʾaghlaqahā ʿalayhi, wa-makatha fīhā, fa-saʾaltu bilālan ḥīna kharaja: mādhā ṣanaʿa rasūlu Allāhi?

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the Ka'bah with Usamah, 'Uthman ibn Talhah al-Hajabi, and Bilal ibn Rabah. He closed the door behind them and remained inside. When Bilal came out, I asked him, “What did the Messenger of Allah do?”

فَقَالَ: جَعَلَ عَمُودًا عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَعَمُودَيْنِ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَثَلَاثَةَ أَعْمِدَةٍ وَرَاءَهُ، وَكَانَ الْبَيْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَعْمِدَةٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى [خ، م].

fa-qāla: jaʿala ʿamūdan ʿan yasārihi, wa-ʿamūdayni ʿan yamīnihi, wa-thalāthata ʾaʿmidatin warāʾahu, wa-kāna al-baytu yawmaʾidhin ʿalā sittati ʾaʿmidatin, thumma ṣallā [خ، م].

He replied, “He stood with one pillar to his left, two pillars to his right, and three pillars behind him—the House then stood on six pillars—and then he prayed” [خ، م].

وَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَيْتَ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا، فَأَجَافَ (١) الْبَابَ، وَالْبَيْتُ إِذْ ذَاكَ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَعْمِدَةٍ، فَمَضَى حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ الْأُسْطُوَانَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ تَلِيَانِ بَابَ الْكَعْبَةِ، جَلَسَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ،

wa-lammā dakhala rasūlu Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam al-bayta ʾamara bilālan, fa-ʾajāfa (1) al-bāba, wa-l-baytu ʾidh dhāka ʿalā sittati ʾaʿmidatin, fa-maḍā ḥattā ʾidhā kāna bayna al-ʾusṭuwānatayni allatayni taliyāni bāba al-kaʿbati, jalasa, fa-ḥamida Allāha wa-ʾathnā ʿalayhi,

When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the House, he instructed Bilal to pull the door shut (1). At that time the House stood on six pillars. He went on until he was between the two pillars nearest the door of the Ka'bah, then sat down, praised Allah, and extolled Him,

وَسَأَلَهُ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَهُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى مَا اسْتَقْبَلَ مِنْ دُبُرِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَوَضَعَ وَجْهَهُ وَخَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَسَأَلَهُ، وَاسْتَغْفَرَهُ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى كُلِّ رُكْنٍ مِنْ أَرْكَانِ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ،

wa-saʾalahu, wa-istaghfarahu, thumma qāma, ḥattā ʾidhā ʾatā mā istaqbala min duburi al-kaʿbati, fa-waḍaʿa wajhahu wa-khaddahu ʿalayhi, wa-ḥamida Allāha wa-ʾathnā ʿalayhi, wa-saʾalahu, wa-istaghfarahu, thumma inṣarafa ʾilā kulli ruknin min ʾarkāni al-kaʿbati, fa-istaqbalahu bi-l-takbīri,

asked Him, and sought His forgiveness. Then he stood and went to the part of the rear wall of the Ka'bah facing him, placed his face and cheek against it, praised and extolled Allah, asked Him, and sought His forgiveness. Then he went to each corner of the Ka'bah, faced it, and proclaimed Allah’s greatness,

وَالتَّهْلِيلِ، وَالتَّسْبِيحِ، وَالثَّنَاءِ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَالْمَسْأَلَةِ وَالِاسْتِغْفَارِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلَ وَجْهِ الْكَعْبَةِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ [س].

wa-l-tahlīli, wa-l-tasbīḥi, wa-l-thanāʾi ʿalā Allāhi, wa-l-masʾalati wa-l-istighfāri, thumma kharaja, fa-ṣallā rakʿatayni mustaqbila wajhi al-kaʿbati, thumma inṣarafa [س].

declared that there is no deity but Him, glorified and praised Him, made requests, and sought forgiveness. Then he left, prayed two rak'ahs facing the front of the Ka'bah, and departed [س].

وَإِذَا شَرِبَ مَاءَ زَمْزَمَ: فَلْيَسْتَقْبِلِ الْكَعْبَةَ، وَلْيَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَلْيَتَنَفَّسْ ثَلَاثًا، وَلْيَتَضَلَّعْ (٢) مِنْهَا، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ [مو، مس].

wa-ʾidhā shariba māʾa zamzama: fa-lyastaqbili al-kaʿbata, wa-lyadhkuri isma Allāhi, wa-lyatanaffas thalāthan, wa-lyataḍallaʿ (2) minhā, fa-ʾidhā faragha fa-lyaḥmadi Allāha [مو، مس].

When drinking Zamzam water, he should face the Ka'bah, mention Allah’s name, pause to breathe three times, and drink his fill (2). When he finishes, he should praise Allah [مو، مس].

«إِنَّ آيَةَ مَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَتَضَلَّعُونَ مِنْ زَمْزَمَ» [ق، م، س].

«ʾinna ʾāyata mā baynanā wa-bayna al-munāfiqīna lā yataḍallaʿūna min zamzama» [ق، م، س].

“The distinguishing sign between us and the hypocrites is that they do not drink their fill of Zamzam” [ق، م، س].

وَ«مَاءُ زَمْزَمَ لِمَا شُرِبَ لَهُ»، فَإِنْ شَرِبْتَهُ تَسْتَشْفِي بِهِ، شَفَاكَ اللَّهُ، وَإِنْ شَرِبْتَهُ مُسْتَعِيذًا، أَعَاذَكَ اللَّهُ، وَإِنْ شَرِبْتَهُ لِتَقْطَعَ ظَمَأَكَ، قَطَعَهُ.

wa-«māʾu zamzama limā shuriba lahu», fa-ʾin sharibtahu tastashfī bihi, shafāka Allāhu, wa-ʾin sharibtahu mustaʿīdhan, ʾaʿādhaka Allāhu, wa-ʾin sharibtahu litaqṭaʿa ẓamaʾaka, qaṭaʿahu.

“Zamzam water is for whatever purpose it is drunk.” If you drink it seeking healing, Allah will heal you; if you drink it seeking refuge, Allah will grant you refuge; and if you drink it to quench your thirst, He will quench it.

وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِذَا شَرِبَ مَاءَ زَمْزَمَ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَرِزْقًا وَاسِعًا، وَشِفَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ» [مس].

wa-kāna ibnu ʿabbāsin ʾidhā shariba māʾa zamzama qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʿilman nāfiʿan, wa-rizqan wāsiʿan, wa-shifāʾan min kulli dāʾin» [مس].

When Ibn 'Abbas drank Zamzam water, he would say, “O Allah, I ask You for beneficial knowledge, abundant provision, and healing from every illness” [مس].

وَلَمَّا أَتَى الْإِمَامُ الْحُجَّةُ، عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، زَمْزَمَ وَاسْتَقَى مِنْهُ شَرْبَةً، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْمَوَالِي حَدَّثَنَا، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ

wa-lammā ʾatā al-ʾimāmu al-ḥujjatu, ʿabdu Allāhi bnu al-mubāraki, zamzama wa-istaqā minhu sharbatan, thumma istaqbala al-qiblata, qāla: «Allāhumma ʾinna ibna ʾabī al-mawālī ḥaddathanā, ʿan muḥammadi bni al-munkadiri, ʿan

When the eminent Imam 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak came to Zamzam and drew a drink from it, he faced the qiblah and said, “O Allah, Ibn Abi al-Mawali narrated to us from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, from

(١) أَيْ رَدَّهُ.

(1) ʾay raddahu.

(1) That is, he pulled it shut.

(٢) التَّضَلُّعُ، أَصْلُهُ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ حَتَّى يَمْتَلِئَ جَوْفُهُ وَيَصِلَ إِلَى أَضْلَاعِهِ.

(2) al-taḍalluʿu, ʾaṣluhu ʾan yashraba ḥattā yamtaliʾa jawfuhu wa-yaṣila ʾilā ʾaḍlāʿihi.

(2) To “drink one’s fill” originally means to drink until the abdomen is full and the water reaches the ribs.

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جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَاءُ زَمْزَمَ لِمَا شُرِبَ لَهُ»، وَهَذَا أَشْرَبُهُ لِعَطَشِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ». ثُمَّ شَرِبَ.

jābirin, ʾanna rasūla Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam qāla: «māʾu zamzama limā shuriba lahu», wa-hādhā ʾashrabuhu liʿaṭashi yawmi al-qiyāmati». thumma shariba.

Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘Zamzam water is for whatever purpose it is drunk.’ I am drinking this for the thirst of the Day of Resurrection.” Then he drank.

قُلْتُ: هَذَا سَنَدٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَالرَّاوِي عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ذَلِكَ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثِقَةٌ، رَوَى لَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، وَابْنُ أَبِي الْمَوَالِي ثِقَةٌ، رَوَى لَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، فَصَحَّ الْحَدِيثُ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ.

qultu: hādhā sanadun ṣaḥīḥun, wa-l-rāwī ʿani ibni al-mubāraki dhālika suwaydu bnu saʿīdin, thiqatun, rawā lahu muslimun fī ṣaḥīḥihi, wa-ibnu ʾabī al-mawālī thiqatun, rawā lahu al-bukhāriyyu fī ṣaḥīḥihi, fa-ṣaḥḥa al-ḥadīthu, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi.

I say: This chain of transmission is sound. Its narrator from Ibn al-Mubarak is Suwayd ibn Sa'id, who is trustworthy and from whom Muslim narrated in his Sahih. Ibn Abi al-Mawali is also trustworthy, and al-Bukhari narrated from him in his Sahih. The hadith is therefore sound, and all praise is due to Allah.

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أَدْعِيَةُ الْجِهَادِ

ʾadʿiyatu al-jihādi

Supplications for Jihad

وَإِنْ كَانَ سَفَرُ غَزَاةٍ، أَوْ لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ:

wa-ʾin kāna safaru ghazātin, ʾaw laqiya al-ʿaduwwa:

If his journey is a military expedition, or if he encounters the enemy:

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ عَضُدِي (١) وَنَصِيرِي، بِكَ أَحُولُ، وَبِكَ أَصُولُ، وَبِكَ أُقَاتِلُ» [د، ت، س، حب، مص، عو].

«Allāhumma ʾanta ʿaḍudī (1) wa-naṣīrī, bika ʾaḥūlu, wa-bika ʾaṣūlu, wa-bika ʾuqātilu» [د، ت، س، حب، مص، عو].

“O Allah, You are my support (1) and my Helper. Through You I maneuver, through You I charge, and through You I fight” [د، ت، س، حب، مص، عو].

«رَبِّ بِكَ أُقَاتِلُ، وَبِكَ أُصَاوِلُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ» [مس].

«rabbi bika ʾuqātilu, wa-bika ʾuṣāwilu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bika» [مس].

“My Lord, through You I fight, through You I attack, and there is no power and no strength except through You” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ عَضُدِي، وَأَنْتَ نَاصِرِي، وَبِكَ أُقَاتِلُ» [عو].

«Allāhumma ʾanta ʿaḍudī, wa-ʾanta nāṣirī, wa-bika ʾuqātilu» [عو].

“O Allah, You are my support and my Helper, and through You I fight” [عو].

وَإِذَا أَرَادُوا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾarādū liqāʾa al-ʿaduwwi:

When they intend to meet the enemy:

انْتَظَرَ الْإِمَامُ حَتَّى مَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ:

intaẓara al-ʾimāmu ḥattā mālati al-shamsu, thumma qāma fa-qāla:

The leader should wait until the sun has passed its zenith, then stand and say:

«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، لَا تَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ، وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ، فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوفِ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ، وَمُجْرِيَ السَّحَابِ، وَهَازِمَ الْأَحْزَابِ، اهْزِمْهُمْ، وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ» [خ، م، د].

«yā ʾayyuhā al-nāsu, lā tatamannaw liqāʾa al-ʿaduwwi, wa-isʾalū Allāha al-ʿāfiyata, fa-ʾidhā laqītumūhum fa-iṣbirū, wa-iʿlamū ʾanna al-jannata taḥta ẓilāli al-suyūfi», thumma qāla: «Allāhumma munzila al-kitābi, wa-mujriya al-saḥābi, wa-hāzima al-ʾaḥzābi, ihzimhum, wa-unṣurnā ʿalayhim» [خ، م، د].

“O people, do not wish to meet the enemy; ask Allah for well-being. But when you meet them, remain steadfast, and know that Paradise lies beneath the shadows of swords.” He should then say, “O Allah, Revealer of the Book, Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of the confederates, defeat them and grant us victory over them” [خ، م، د].

«اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ، سَرِيعَ الْحِسَابِ، اهْزِمِ الْأَحْزَابَ، اللَّهُمَّ اهْزِمْهُمْ، وَزَلْزِلْهُمْ» [خ، م].

«Allāhumma munzila al-kitābi, sarīʿa al-ḥisābi, ihzimi al-ʾaḥzāba, Allāhumma ihzimhum, wa-zalzilhum» [خ، م].

“O Allah, Revealer of the Book and Swift in reckoning, defeat the confederates. O Allah, defeat them and shake them” [خ، م].

وَإِذَا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى بَلَدِهِمْ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾashrafa ʿalā baladihim:

When he comes within view of their town:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، خَرِبَتْ - أَيِ الْبَلَدُ الَّتِي قَصَدَهَا - إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ، فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ» [خ، م، ت، س]، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [م].

«Allāhu ʾakbaru, kharibat - ʾayi al-baladu allatī qaṣadahā - ʾinnā ʾidhā nazalnā bisāḥati qawmin, fa-sāʾa ṣabāḥu al-mundharīna» [خ، م، ت، س], thalātha marrātin [م].

“Allah is the Greatest. It is ruined—meaning the town he is approaching. When we descend into the courtyard of a people, dreadful is the morning of those who were warned” [خ، م، ت، س], three times [م].

وَإِذَا خَافَ قَوْمًا:

wa-ʾidhā khāfa qawman:

When he fears a people:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَجْعَلُكَ فِي نُحُورِهِمْ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ» [د، س، حب، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā najʿaluka fī nuḥūrihim, wa-naʿūdhu bika min shurūrihim» [د، س، حب، مس].

“O Allah, we place You before them, and we seek refuge in You from their evils” [د، س، حب، مس].

(١) مُعِينِي وَنَاصِرِي.

(1) muʿīnī wa-nāṣirī.

(1) My aide and helper.

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فَإِذَا حَضَرَهُمْ عَدُوٌّ:

fa-ʾidhā ḥaḍarahum ʿaduwwun:

When an enemy comes upon them:

«اللَّهُمَّ اسْتُرْ عَوْرَاتِنَا، وَآمِنْ رَوْعَاتِنَا» [ر، أ].

«Allāhumma ustur ʿawrātinā, wa-ʾāmin rawʿātinā» [ر، أ].

“O Allah, conceal our vulnerabilities and calm our fears” [ر، أ].

وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ جِرَاحَةٌ:

wa-ʾin ʾaṣābathu jirāḥatun:

If he suffers a wound:

قَالَ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ» [س].

qāla: «bi-ismi Allāhi» [س].

He should say, “In the name of Allah” [س].

فَإِذَا انْهَزَمَ الْعَدُوُّ:

fa-ʾidhā inhazama al-ʿaduwwu:

When the enemy has been defeated:

سَوَّى الْإِمَامُ الْجَيْشَ صُفُوفًا خَلْفَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:

sawwā al-ʾimāmu al-jaysha ṣufūfan khalfahu, thumma qāla:

The leader should arrange the army in rows behind him, then say:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ، لَا قَابِضَ لِمَا بَسَطْتَ، وَلَا بَاسِطَ لِمَا قَبَضْتَ، وَلَا هَادِيَ لِمَنْ أَضْلَلْتَ، وَلَا مُضِلَّ لِمَنْ هَدَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُقَرِّبَ لِمَا بَاعَدْتَ، وَلَا مُبَاعِدَ لِمَا قَرَّبْتَ،

«Allāhumma laka al-ḥamdu kulluhu, lā qābiḍa limā basaṭta, wa-lā bāsiṭa limā qabaḍta, wa-lā hādiya liman ʾaḍlalta, wa-lā muḍilla liman hadayta, wa-lā muʿṭiya limā manaʿta, wa-lā māniʿa limā ʾaʿṭayta, wa-lā muqarriba limā bāʿadta, wa-lā mubāʿida limā qarrabta,

“O Allah, all praise belongs to You. No one can constrict what You have expanded, expand what You have constricted, guide one whom You have led astray, lead astray one whom You have guided, give what You have denied, deny what You have given, bring near what You have kept distant,

اللَّهُمَّ ابْسُطْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَرَكَاتِكَ، وَرَحْمَتِكَ، وَفَضْلِكَ، وَرِزْقِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ النَّعِيمَ الْمُقِيمَ، الَّذِي لَا يَحُولُ، وَلَا يَزُولُ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْأَمْنَ يَوْمَ الْخَوْفِ، اللَّهُمَّ عَائِذٌ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنَا،

Allāhumma ubsuṭ ʿalaynā min barakātika, wa-raḥmatika, wa-faḍlika, wa-rizqika, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-naʿīma al-muqīma, alladhī lā yaḥūlu, wa-lā yazūlu, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-ʾamna yawma al-khawfi, Allāhumma ʿāʾidhun min sharri mā ʾaʿṭaytanā,

or distance what You have brought near. O Allah, shower us with Your blessings, mercy, grace, and provision. O Allah, I ask You for lasting bliss that neither changes nor passes away. O Allah, I ask You for security on the Day of Fear. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what You have given us

وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا مَنَعْتَنَا، اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الْإِيمَانَ وَزَيِّنْهُ فِي قُلُوبِنَا، وَكَرِّهْ إِلَيْنَا الْكُفْرَ وَالْفُسُوقَ وَالْعِصْيَانَ، وَاجْعَلْنَا مِنَ الرَّاشِدِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ تَوَفَّنَا مُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَلْحِقْنَا بِالصَّالِحِينَ، غَيْرَ خَزَايَا وَلَا مَفْتُونِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ قَاتِلِ الْكَفَرَةَ الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ رُسُلَكَ،

wa-min sharri mā manaʿtanā, Allāhumma ḥabbib ʾilaynā al-ʾīmāna wa-zayyinhu fī qulūbinā, wa-karrih ʾilaynā al-kufra wa-l-fusūqa wa-l-ʿiṣyāna, wa-ijʿalnā mina al-rāshidīna, Allāhumma tawaffanā muslimīna, wa-ʾalḥiqnā bi-l-ṣāliḥīna, ghayra khazāyā wa-lā maftūnīna, Allāhumma qātili al-kafarata alladhīna yukadhdhibūna rusulaka,

and the evil of what You have withheld from us. O Allah, make faith beloved to us and adorn it in our hearts; make disbelief, wickedness, and disobedience hateful to us; and make us among the rightly guided. O Allah, cause us to die as Muslims and join us with the righteous, neither disgraced nor put to trial. O Allah, fight the disbelievers who deny Your messengers

وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِكَ، وَاجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزَكَ (١)، وَعَذَابَكَ، إِلَهَ الْحَقِّ، آمِينَ» [س، حب، مس].

wa-yaṣuddūna ʿan sabīlika, wa-ijʿal ʿalayhim rijzaka (1), wa-ʿadhābaka, ʾilāha al-ḥaqqi, ʾāmīna» [س، حب، مس].

and turn people away from Your path, and place Your scourge (1) and punishment upon them, O God of truth. Amen” [س، حب، مس].

وَيُعَلِّمُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ:

wa-yuʿallimu man ʾaslama:

He should teach one who has embraced Islam to say:

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي» [عو].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ihdinī, wa-urzuqnī» [عو].

“O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, and provide for me” [عو].

فَإِذَا رَجَعَ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَرَفٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ثَلَاثَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ:

fa-ʾidhā rajaʿa min safarihi yukabbiru ʿalā kulli sharafin mina al-ʾarḍi thalātha takbīrātin, thumma yaqūlu:

When he returns from his journey, he should proclaim Allah’s greatness three times upon every rise in the land, then say:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، آيِبُونَ، تَائِبُونَ، سَائِحُونَ، عَابِدُونَ، سَاجِدُونَ [خ، م، د، س]، لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُونَ، صَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, ʾāyibūna, tāʾibūna, sāʾiḥūna, ʿābidūna, sājidūna [خ، م، د، س], lirabbinā ḥāmidūna, ṣadaqa Allāhu waʿdahu, wa-naṣara ʿabdahu, wa-hazama al-ʾaḥzāba waḥdahu» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

“There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs sovereignty and to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things. We return, repent, journey, worship, and prostrate [خ، م، د، س], praising our Lord. Allah fulfilled His promise, gave victory to His servant, and defeated the confederates by Himself” [خ، م، د، ت، س].

(١) عَذَابَكَ.

(1) ʿadhābaka.

(1) Your punishment.

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فَإِذَا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى بَلَدِهِ:

fa-ʾidhā ʾashrafa ʿalā baladihi:

When his town comes into view:

«آيِبُونَ (١)، تَائِبُونَ، عَابِدُونَ، لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُونَ».

«ʾāyibūna (1), tāʾibūna, ʿābidūna, lirabbinā ḥāmidūna».

“We return (1), repent, and worship, praising our Lord.”

وَلَا يَزَالُ يَقُولُهَا حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بَلَدَهُ [خ، م، س].

wa-lā yazālu yaqūluhā ḥattā yadkhula baladahu [خ، م، س].

He should continue saying this until he enters his town [خ، م، س].

وَإِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā dakhala ʿalā ʾahlihi qāla:

When he enters upon his family, he should say:

«تَوْبًا، تَوْبًا، لِرَبِّنَا أَوْبًا، لَا يُغَادِرُ عَلَيْنَا حَوْبًا» [أ، ط، ي].

«tawban, tawban, lirabbinā ʾawban, lā yughādiru ʿalaynā ḥawban» [أ، ط، ي].

“Repentance, repentance; returning to our Lord. May He leave no sin upon us” [أ، ط، ي].

«أَوْبًا، أَوْبًا (٢)، لِرَبِّنَا تَوْبًا، لَا يُغَادِرُ عَلَيْنَا حَوْبًا (٣)» [د، ص].

«ʾawban, ʾawban (2), lirabbinā tawban, lā yughādiru ʿalaynā ḥawban (3)» [د، ص].

“Returning, returning (2); repenting to our Lord. May He leave no sin (3) upon us” [د، ص].

(١) رَاجِعُونَ إِلَى التَّوْبَةِ.

(1) rājiʿūna ʾilā al-tawbati.

(1) Returning in repentance.

(٢) أَوْبًا أَوْبًا: أَيْ رُجُوعًا رُجُوعًا.

(2) ʾawban ʾawban: ʾay rujūʿan rujūʿan.

(2) “Returning, returning” means coming back, coming back.

(٣) أَيْ لَا يَتْرُكُ عَلَيْنَا حَوْبًا، وَالْحَوْبُ: الْإِثْمُ.

(3) ʾay lā yatruku ʿalaynā ḥawban, wa-l-ḥawbu: al-ʾithmu.

(3) That is, may He leave no hawb upon us; hawb means sin.

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[فِيمَا يَهُمُّ مِنْ عَوَارِضَ وَآفَاتٍ فِي الْحَيَاةِ إِلَى الْمَمَاتِ دُعَاءُ الْكَرْبِ وَالْهَمِّ وَالْغَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ]

[fīmā yahummu min ʿawāriḍa wa-ʾāfātin fī al-ḥayāti ʾilā al-mamāti duʿāʾu al-karbi wa-l-hammi wa-l-ghammi wa-l-ḥazani]

[Supplications for distress, worry, anguish, and sorrow, and for the incidents and afflictions that concern a person from life until death]

وَمَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ غَمٌّ أَوْ كَرْبٌ أَوْ أَمْرٌ مُهِمٌّ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-man nazala bihi ghammun ʾaw karbun ʾaw ʾamrun muhimmun fa-lyaqul:

Whoever is afflicted by anguish, distress, or a grave concern should say:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْعَظِيمُ الْحَلِيمُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ» [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ʿaẓīmu al-ḥalīmu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, wa-rabbu al-ʿarshi al-karīmi» [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

“There is no deity but Allah, the Magnificent, the Forbearing. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the heavens and the earth and Lord of the Noble Throne” [خ، م، ت، س، ق].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَرَبُّ الْأَرْضِ، رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ» [خ].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-samāwāti, wa-rabbu al-ʾarḍi, rabbu al-ʿarshi al-karīmi» [خ].

“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the heavens, Lord of the earth, and Lord of the Noble Throne” [خ].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْعَظِيمُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ»، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ [عو].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-ʿaẓīmu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi», thumma yadʿū baʿda dhālika [عو].

“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Magnificent. There is no deity but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne.” He should then supplicate after that [عو].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ» [مص، س، حب، مس]، «وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [س، حب، مس].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, subḥāna Allāhi, wa-tabāraka Allāhu rabbu al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi» [مص، س، حب، مس], «wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [س، حب، مس].

“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to Allah, and blessed is Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne” [مص، س، حب، مس], “and all praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds” [س، حب، مس].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ، وَرَبِّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ عِبَادِكَ».

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, subḥāna Allāhi rabbi al-samāwāti al-sabʿi, wa-rabbi al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri ʿibādika».

“There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and Lord of the Magnificent Throne. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of Your servants.”

صَحِيحُ السَّنَدِ، لِابْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ فِي كِتَابِ «الدُّعَاءِ».

ṣaḥīḥu al-sanadi, li-ibni ʾabī ʿāṣimin fī kitābi «al-duʿāʾi».

Its chain of transmission is sound; it was narrated by Ibn Abi 'Asim in his Book of Supplication.

«حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ» [خ، ت، س].

«ḥasbunā Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu» [خ، ت، س].

“Allah is sufficient for us, and He is the best Trustee” [خ، ت، س].

«حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ» [خ].

«ḥasbiya Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu» [خ].

“Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Trustee” [خ].

«اللَّهُ، اللَّهُ رَبِّي، لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا» [د، س، ق، مص، طس].

«Allāhu, Allāhu rabbī, lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan» [د، س، ق، مص، طس].

“Allah, Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him” [د، س، ق، مص، طس].

«اللَّهُ، رَبِّي لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [طب].

«Allāhu, rabbī lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan. thalātha marrātin» [طب].

“Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him—three times” [طب].

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«اللَّهُ، اللَّهُ رَبِّي لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا، اللَّهُ، اللَّهُ رَبِّي لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا» [حب].

«Allāhu, Allāhu rabbī lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan, Allāhu, Allāhu rabbī lā ʾushriku bihi shayʾan» [حب].

“Allah, Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him. Allah, Allah is my Lord; I associate nothing with Him” [حب].

«تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى الْحَيِّ الَّذِي لَا يَمُوتُ، وَ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١]» [مس].

«tawakkaltu ʿalā al-ḥayyi alladhī lā yamūtu, wa-﴿al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī lam yattakhidh waladan wa-lam yakun lahu sharīkun fī al-mulki wa-lam yakun lahu waliyyun mina al-dhulli wa-kabbirhu takbīran﴾ [al-ʾisrāʾi: 111]» [مس].

“I place my trust in the Ever-Living One who never dies, and ﴿all praise is due to Allah, who has taken no child, has no partner in sovereignty, and has no protector out of weakness; proclaim His greatness abundantly﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ: ١١١]” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَحْمَتَكَ أَرْجُو، فَلَا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي شَأْنِيَ كُلَّهُ» [د، حب، ط، مص]، «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [د، حب، مص، ي].

«Allāhumma raḥmataka ʾarjū, fa-lā takilnī ʾilā nafsī ṭarfata ʿaynin, wa-ʾaṣliḥ lī shaʾniya kullahu» [د، حب، ط، مص], «lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta» [د، حب، مص، ي].

“O Allah, I hope for Your mercy, so do not leave me to myself even for the blink of an eye, and set all my affairs right” [د، حب، ط، مص]. “There is no deity but You” [د، حب، مص، ي].

«يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ، بِرَحْمَتِكَ أَسْتَغِيثُ» [مس، ي].

«yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu, biraḥmatika ʾastaghīthu» [مس، ي].

“O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining, through Your mercy I seek relief” [مس، ي].

وَيُكَرِّرُ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ: «يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ» [س، مس].

wa-yukarriru wa-huwa sājidun: «yā ḥayyu yā qayyūmu» [س، مس].

While prostrating, he should repeatedly say, “O Ever-Living, O Self-Sustaining” [س، مس].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ» [ي]. لَمْ يَدْعُ بِهَا رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ فِي شَيْءٍ قَطُّ، إِلَّا اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ لَهُ [ت، س، مس، أ، ر، ص].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, subḥānaka ʾinnī kuntu mina al-ẓālimīna» [ي]. lam yadʿu bihā rajulun muslimun fī shayʾin qaṭṭu, ʾillā istajāba Allāhu lahu [ت، س، مس، أ، ر، ص].

“There is no deity but You. Glory be to You; I have indeed been among the wrongdoers” [ي]. No Muslim has ever supplicated with these words for anything without Allah answering him [ت، س، مس، أ، ر، ص].

وَ«مَا قَالَ عَبْدٌ أَصَابَهُ هَمٌّ أَوْ حَزَنٌ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي عَبْدُكَ، وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ [أ، ص، ر، مص]، ابْنُ أَمَتِكَ، نَاصِيَتِي بِيَدِكَ، مَاضٍ فِيَّ حُكْمُكَ، عَدْلٌ فِيَّ قَضَاؤُكَ، أَسْأَلُكَ بِكُلِّ اسْمٍ هُوَ لَكَ،

wa-«mā qāla ʿabdun ʾaṣābahu hammun ʾaw ḥazanun: Allāhumma ʾinnī ʿabduka, wa-ibnu ʿabdika [أ، ص، ر، مص], ibnu ʾamatika, nāṣiyatī biyadika, māḍin fiyya ḥukmuka, ʿadlun fiyya qaḍāʾuka, ʾasʾaluka bikulli ismin huwa laka,

“No servant afflicted by worry or sorrow has ever said, ‘O Allah, I am Your servant, the son of Your male servant [أ، ص، ر، مص], and the son of Your female servant. My forelock is in Your hand; Your judgment over me is carried out, and Your decree concerning me is just. I ask You by every name that is Yours,

سَمَّيْتَ بِهِ نَفْسَكَ، أَوْ أَنْزَلْتَهُ فِي كِتَابِكَ، أَوْ عَلَّمْتَهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ، أَوِ اسْتَأْثَرْتَ بِهِ فِي عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ عِنْدَكَ، أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ الْعَظِيمَ رَبِيعَ قَلْبِي، وَنُورَ بَصَرِي، وَجَلَاءَ حُزْنِي، وَذَهَابَ هَمِّي (غَمِّي [ر]) (١)،

sammayta bihi nafsaka, ʾaw ʾanzaltahu fī kitābika, ʾaw ʿallamtahu ʾaḥadan min khalqika, ʾawi istaʾtharta bihi fī ʿilmi al-ghaybi ʿindaka, ʾan tajʿala al-qurʾāna al-ʿaẓīma rabīʿa qalbī, wa-nūra baṣarī, wa-jalāʾa ḥuznī, wa-dhahāba hammī (ghammī [ر]) (1),

with which You have named Yourself, which You have revealed in Your Book, which You have taught any of Your creation, or which You have kept to Yourself in the knowledge of the unseen with You, to make the Magnificent Qur’an the springtime of my heart, the light of my sight, the remover of my sorrow, and the banisher of my worry (my anguish [ر]) (1),’

إِلَّا أَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ هَمَّهُ، وَأَبْدَلَ مَكَانَ حُزْنِهِ فَرَحًا» [حب، مس، أ، ص، ر، مص، ط].

ʾillā ʾadhhaba Allāhu hammahu, wa-ʾabdala makāna ḥuznihi faraḥan» [حب، مس، أ، ص، ر، مص، ط].

without Allah removing his worry and replacing his sorrow with joy” [حب، مس، أ، ص، ر، مص، ط].

«مَنْ قَالَ: لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، كَانَتْ دَوَاءً مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ وَتِسْعِينَ دَاءً، أَيْسَرُهَا الْهَمُّ» [مس، ط].

«man qāla: lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi, kānat dawāʾan min tisʿatin wa-tisʿīna dāʾan, ʾaysaruhā al-hammu» [مس، ط].

“Whoever says, ‘There is no power and no strength except through Allah,’ it will be a remedy for ninety-nine ailments, the least of which is worry” [مس، ط].

«مَنْ لَزِمَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ، جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ ضِيقٍ مَخْرَجًا، وَمِنْ كُلِّ هَمٍّ فَرَجًا، وَرَزَقَهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ» [د، س، ق، حب].

«man lazima al-istighfāra, jaʿala Allāhu lahu min kulli ḍīqin makhrajan, wa-min kulli hammin farajan, wa-razaqahu min ḥaythu lā yaḥtasibu» [د، س، ق، حب].

“Whoever persistently seeks forgiveness, Allah will make for him a way out of every hardship, relief from every worry, and provision from where he does not expect it” [د، س، ق، حب].

وَتَقَدَّمَ مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ نَزَلَ بِهِ كَرْبٌ أَوْ شِدَّةٌ عِنْدَ سَمَاعِهِ الْمُؤَذِّنَ [مس].

wa-taqaddama mā yaqūlu man nazala bihi karbun ʾaw shiddatun ʿinda samāʿihi al-muʾadhdhina [مس].

What one afflicted by distress or hardship should say upon hearing the caller to prayer was mentioned earlier [مس].

(١) قَوْلُهُ: رَبِيعُ قَلْبِي: أَيْ أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ الْقُرْآنَ كَالرَّبِيعِ، أَيْ يَجْعَلُ قَلْبَهُ مُرْتَاحًا إِلَى الْقُرْآنِ مَائِلًا إِلَيْهِ رَاغِبًا فِي تِلَاوَتِهِ وَتَدَبُّرِهِ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَنُورُ بَصَرِي: سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ مُنَوَّرَ الْبَصِيرَةِ.

(1) qawluhu: rabīʿu qalbī: ʾay ʾasʾaluka ʾan tajʿala al-qurʾāna ka-l-rabīʿi, ʾay yajʿalu qalbahu murtāḥan ʾilā al-qurʾāni māʾilan ʾilayhi rāghiban fī tilāwatihi wa-tadabburihi. wa-qawluhu: wa-nūru baṣarī: saʾalahu ʾan yajʿalahu munawwara al-baṣīrati.

(1) “The springtime of my heart” means: I ask You to make the Qur’an like spring, causing the heart to feel at ease with it, incline toward it, and desire to recite and reflect upon it. “The light of my sight” means that he asks Allah to illuminate his inner perception.

وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ شِفَاءَ هَمِّهِ وَغَمِّهِ، لِيَكُونَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّوَاءِ الَّذِي يَسْتَأْصِلُ الدَّاءَ، وَأَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ لِحُزْنِهِ كَالْجَلَاءِ الَّذِي يَجْلُو الطُّبُوعَ وَالْأَصْدِيَةَ.

wa-saʾalahu ʾan yajʿalahu shifāʾa hammihi wa-ghammihi, liyakūna bimanzilati al-dawāʾi alladhī yastaʾṣilu al-dāʾa, wa-ʾan yajʿalahu liḥuznihi ka-l-jalāʾi alladhī yajlū al-ṭubūʿa wa-l-ʾaṣdiyata.

He also asks Him to make it a cure for his worry and anguish, like medicine that eradicates disease, and to make it a remover of his sorrow, like a polish that removes tarnish and rust.

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وَإِنْ تَوَقَّعَ بَلَاءً، أَوْ أَمْرًا مَهُولًا، أَوْ وَقَعَ فِي أَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ قَالَ:

wa-ʾin tawaqqaʿa balāʾan, ʾaw ʾamran mahūlan, ʾaw wa-qaʿa fī ʾamrin ʿaẓīmin qāla:

If he anticipates an affliction or a terrifying event, or becomes caught in a grave situation, he should say:

«حَسْبُنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ، عَلَى اللَّهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا» [ت، مص].

«ḥasbunā Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu, ʿalā Allāhi tawakkalnā» [ت، مص].

“Allah is sufficient for us, and He is the best Trustee. In Allah we place our trust” [ت، مص].

وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾin ʾaṣābathu muṣībatun fa-lyaqul:

If a calamity befalls him, he should say:

«إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ عِنْدَكَ أَحْتَسِبُ مُصِيبَتِي، فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا، وَأَبْدِلْنِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا» [ت، س، ق].

«ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna, Allāhumma ʿindaka ʾaḥtasibu muṣībatī, fa-ʾjurnī fīhā, wa-ʾabdilnī khayran minhā» [ت، س، ق].

“We belong to Allah, and to Him we are returning. O Allah, I entrust the reward for my calamity to You, so reward me for it and give me something better in its place” [ت، س، ق].

«إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي، وَاخْلُفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا» [م].

«ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna, Allāhumma ʾjurnī fī muṣībatī, wa-ukhluf lī khayran minhā» [م].

“We belong to Allah, and to Him we are returning. O Allah, reward me for my calamity and give me something better in its place” [م].

وَإِذَا خَافَ أَحَدًا:

wa-ʾidhā khāfa ʾaḥadan:

When he fears someone:

«اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنَاهُ بِمَا شِئْتَ».

«Allāhumma ikfināhu bimā shiʾta».

“O Allah, suffice us against him however You will.”

صَحِيحٌ، رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي «الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ» عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ.

ṣaḥīḥun, rawāhu ʾabū nuʿaymin fī «al-mustakhraji» ʿalā muslimin.

This is sound; Abu Nu'aym narrated it in al-Mustakhraj upon Muslim’s collection.

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ، وَنَدْرَأُ بِكَ فِي نُحُورِهِمْ» [عو].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika min shurūrihim, wa-nadraʾu bika fī nuḥūrihim» [عو].

“O Allah, we seek refuge in You from their evils, and through You we repel them head-on” [عو].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَجْعَلُكَ فِي نُحُورِهِمْ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شُرُورِهِمْ» [عو].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾajʿaluka fī nuḥūrihim, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min shurūrihim» [عو].

“O Allah, I place You before them, and I seek refuge in You from their evils” [عو].

وَإِنْ خَافَ سُلْطَانًا أَوْ ظَالِمًا فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾin khāfa sulṭānan ʾaw ẓāliman fa-lyaqul:

If he fears a ruler or an oppressor, he should say:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَعَزُّ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ جَمِيعًا، اللَّهُ أَعَزُّ مِمَّا أَخَافُ وَأَحْذَرُ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْمُمْسِكِ السَّمَاءَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، مِنْ شَرِّ عَبْدِكَ فُلَانٍ، وَجُنُودِهِ،

«Allāhu ʾakbaru, Allāhu ʾaʿazzu min khalqihi jamīʿan, Allāhu ʾaʿazzu mimmā ʾakhāfu wa-ʾaḥdharu, ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-mumsiki al-samāʾa ʾan taqaʿa ʿalā al-ʾarḍi ʾillā bi-ʾidhnihi, min sharri ʿabdika fulānin, wa-junūdihi,

“Allah is the Greatest. Allah is mightier than all His creation. Allah is mightier than what I fear and guard against. I seek refuge in Allah—there is no deity but Him—who holds the sky back from falling upon the earth except by His permission, from the evil of Your servant so-and-so, his forces,

وَأَتْبَاعِهِ، وَأَشْيَاعِهِ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ، اللَّهُمَّ كُنْ لِي جَارًا مِنْ شَرِّهِمْ، جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُكَ، وَعَزَّ جَارُكَ، لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [ط، مو، مص، مر، ط].

wa-ʾatbāʿihi, wa-ʾashyāʿihi mina al-jinni wa-l-ʾinsi, Allāhumma kun lī jāran min sharrihim, jalla thanāʾuka, wa-ʿazza jāruka, lā ʾilāha ghayruka. thalātha marrātin» [ط، مو، مص، مر، ط].

followers, and supporters among jinn and humankind. O Allah, be my protector against their evil. Exalted is Your praise, mighty is Your protection, and there is no deity other than You—three times” [ط، مو، مص، مر، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ يَفْرُطَ عَلَيْنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ، أَوْ أَنْ يَطْغَى» [مو، مي].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika ʾan yafruṭa ʿalaynā ʾaḥadun minhum, ʾaw ʾan yaṭghā» [مو، مي].

“O Allah, we seek refuge in You lest any of them hasten to harm us or transgress against us” [مو، مي].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِلَهَ جِبْرِيلَ، وَمِيكَائِيلَ، وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، وَإِلَهَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَإِسْحَاقَ، عَافِنِي، وَلَا تُسَلِّطَنَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ خَلْقِكَ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ لَا طَاقَةَ لِي بِهِ» [مو، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾilāha jibrīla, wa-mīkāʾīla, wa-ʾisrāfīla, wa-ʾilāha ʾibrāhīma, wa-ʾismāʿīla, wa-ʾisḥāqa, ʿāfinī, wa-lā tusalliṭanna ʾaḥadan min khalqika ʿalayya bishayʾin lā ṭāqata lī bihi» [مو، مص].

“O Allah, God of Gabriel, Michael, and Israfil, and God of Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac, grant me well-being, and never give any of Your creation power over me to inflict something I cannot bear” [مو، مص].

«رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا، وَبِالْقُرْآنِ حَكَمًا وَإِمَامًا» [مو، مص].

«raḍītu bi-llāhi rabban, wa-bi-l-ʾislāmi dīnan, wa-bimuḥammadin nabiyyan, wa-bi-l-qurʾāni ḥakaman wa-ʾimāman» [مو، مص].

“I am content with Allah as Lord, Islam as religion, Muhammad as prophet, and the Qur’an as judge and leader” [مو، مص].

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فَإِنْ خَافَ شَيْطَانًا أَوْ غَيْرَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ:

fa-ʾin khāfa shayṭānan ʾaw ghayrahu fa-lyaqul:

If he fears a devil or anything else, he should say:

«أَعُوذُ بِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَبِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّاتِ الَّتِي لَا يُجَاوِزُهُنَّ بَرٌّ وَلَا فَاجِرٌ، مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ وَذَرَأَ وَبَرَأَ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَعْرُجُ فِيهَا،

«ʾaʿūdhu biwajhi Allāhi al-karīmi, wa-bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmāti allatī lā yujāwizuhunna barrun wa-lā fājirun, min sharri mā khalaqa wa-dharaʾa wa-baraʾa, wa-min sharri mā yanzilu mina al-samāʾi, wa-min sharri mā yaʿruju fīhā,

“I seek refuge in the Noble Face of Allah and in Allah’s perfect words, which neither the righteous nor the wicked can surpass, from the evil of what He created, brought forth, and fashioned; from the evil of what descends from the sky and the evil of what ascends into it;

وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا ذَرَأَ فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا، وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتَنِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ طَارِقٍ، إِلَّا طَارِقًا يَطْرُقُ بِخَيْرٍ يَا رَحْمَنُ» [أ، طب، س، ط، ص، مص].

wa-min sharri mā dharaʾa fī al-ʾarḍi, wa-min sharri mā yakhruju minhā, wa-min sharri fitani al-layli wa-l-nahāri, wa-min sharri kulli ṭāriqin, ʾillā ṭāriqan yaṭruqu bikhayrin yā raḥmānu» [أ، طب، س، ط، ص، مص].

from the evil of what He spread throughout the earth and the evil of what emerges from it; from the evil trials of night and day; and from the evil of every visitor by night, except one who comes bringing good, O Most Compassionate” [أ، طب، س، ط، ص، مص].

وَإِذَا تَغَوَّلَتِ الْغِيلَانُ:

wa-ʾidhā taghawwalati al-ghīlānu:

If ghouls appear to him:

نَادَى بِالْأَذَانِ [م، ر، مص].

nādā bi-l-ʾadhāni [م، ر، مص].

He should call the adhan [م، ر، مص].

وَقِرَاءَةُ آيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ [ت، مص].

wa-qirāʾatu ʾāyati al-kursiyyi [ت، مص].

He should also recite Ayat al-Kursi [ت، مص].

وَمَنْ فَزِعَ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-man faziʿa fa-lyaqul:

Whoever is frightened should say:

«أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ عِبَادِهِ، وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونِي» [د، ت، س].

«ʾaʿūdhu bikalimāti Allāhi al-tāmmati min ghaḍabihi, wa-min sharri ʿibādihi, wa-min hamazāti al-shayāṭīni, wa-ʾan yaḥḍurūnī» [د، ت، س].

“I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from His wrath, from the evil of His servants, from the incitements of the devils, and from their presence around me” [د، ت، س].

وَمَنْ غَلَبَهُ أَمْرٌ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-man ghalabahu ʾamrun fa-lyaqul:

Whoever is overwhelmed by a matter should say:

«حَسْبِيَ اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ» [د، س، ي].

«ḥasbiya Allāhu wa-niʿma al-wakīlu» [د، س، ي].

“Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Trustee” [د، س، ي].

وَمَنْ وَقَعَ لَهُ مَا لَا يَخْتَارُهُ:

wa-man wa-qaʿa lahu mā lā yakhtāruhu:

Whoever experiences something he would not have chosen:

فَلَا يَقُلْ: لَوْ أَنِّي فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا. وَلَكِنْ لِيَقُلْ: «بِقَدَرِ (قَدَرُ [س، ي]) اللَّهِ، وَمَا شَاءَ فَعَلَ (صَنَعَ [س، ي])» [م، س، ق، ي].

fa-lā yaqul: law ʾannī faʿaltu kadhā wa-kadhā. wa-lākin liyaqul: «biqadari (qadaru [س، ي]) Allāhi, wa-mā shāʾa faʿala (ṣanaʿa [س، ي])» [م، س، ق، ي].

He should not say, “If only I had done such and such.” Rather, he should say, “It happened by Allah’s decree (It is Allah’s decree [س، ي]), and He did (brought about [س، ي]) whatever He willed” [م، س، ق، ي].

وَإِنِ اسْتَصْعَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرٌ قَالَ:

wa-ʾini istaṣʿaba ʿalayhi ʾamrun qāla:

If a matter proves difficult for him, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَا سَهْلَ إِلَّا مَا جَعَلْتَهُ سَهْلًا، وَأَنْتَ تَجْعَلُ الْحَزْنَ (١) سَهْلًا إِذَا شِئْتَ» [حب، ي].

«Allāhumma lā sahla ʾillā mā jaʿaltahu sahlan, wa-ʾanta tajʿalu al-ḥazna (1) sahlan ʾidhā shiʾta» [حب، ي].

“O Allah, nothing is easy except what You make easy, and You can make rough terrain (1) easy if You will” [حب، ي].

وَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ، أَوْ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ:

wa-man kānat lahu ḥājatun ʾilā Allāhi, ʾaw ʾilā ʾaḥadin min banī ʾādama:

Whoever has a need from Allah or from any human being:

فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، وَلْيُحْسِنْ وُضُوءَهُ، ثُمَّ لِيُصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يُثْنِي عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَيُصَلِّي

fa-lyatawaḍḍaʾ, wa-lyuḥsin wuḍūʾahu, thumma liyuṣalli rakʿatayni, thumma yuthnī ʿalā Allāhi, wa-yuṣallī

He should perform ablution and do it well, then pray two rak'ahs, praise Allah, and invoke blessings

(١) الْحَزْنُ: الْمَكَانُ الْخَشِنُ وَالصَّعْبُ وَالْوَعْرُ، وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا سُهُولَةَ فِيهِ، وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الدُّعَاءُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى يَجْعَلُ كُلَّ صَعْبٍ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ سَهْلًا يُمْكِنُ الْوُصُولُ إِلَيْهِ بِلَا صُعُوبَةٍ.

(1) al-ḥaznu: al-makānu al-khashinu wa-l-ṣaʿbu wa-l-waʿru, wa-yuṭlaqu ʿalā kulli shayʾin lā suhūlata fīhi, wa-fī al-ḥadīthi al-duʿāʾu biʾanna Allāha subḥānahu wa-taʿālā yajʿalu kulla ṣaʿbin mina al-ʾumūri sahlan yumkinu al-wuṣūlu ʾilayhi bilā ṣuʿūbatin.

(1) Hazn means rugged, difficult, and rough ground. It is also used for anything that is not easy. In this hadith, the supplication asks Allah, Glorious and Exalted, to make every difficult matter easy and attainable without hardship.

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عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، أَسْأَلُكَ مُوجِبَاتِ رَحْمَتِكَ [ت]، وَعَزَائِمَ مَغْفِرَتِكَ، وَالْعِصْمَةَ [س] (وَالْغَنِيمَةَ [ت]) مِنْ كُلِّ ذَنْبٍ [س، بر، ت]،

ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-lyaqul: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu al-ḥalīmu al-karīmu, subḥāna Allāhi rabbi al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, ʾasʾaluka mūjibāti raḥmatika [ت], wa-ʿazāʾima maghfiratika, wa-l-ʿiṣmata [س] (wa-l-ghanīmata [ت]) min kulli dhanbin [س، بر، ت],

upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and say: “There is no deity but Allah, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds. I ask You for the means that bring Your mercy [ت], the means that assure Your forgiveness, and either protection [س] from every sin [س، بر، ت] or a share in every good deed [ت],

وَالسَّلَامَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ إِثْمٍ [مس، ت]، لَا تَدَعْ لِي ذَنْبًا إِلَّا غَفَرْتَهُ، وَلَا هَمًّا إِلَّا فَرَّجْتَهُ، وَلَا حَاجَةً هِيَ لَكَ رِضًا، إِلَّا قَضَيْتَهَا يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ» [ت].

wa-l-salāmata min kulli ʾithmin [مس، ت], lā tadaʿ lī dhanban ʾillā ghafartahu, wa-lā hamman ʾillā farrajtahu, wa-lā ḥājatan hiya laka riḍan, ʾillā qaḍaytahā yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna» [ت].

and safety from every offense [مس، ت]. Leave no sin of mine unforgiven, no worry unrelieved, and no need pleasing to You unfulfilled, O Most Merciful of the merciful” [ت].

وَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ ضَرُورَةٌ:

wa-man kānat lahu ḍarūratun:

Whoever is in dire need:

فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ، فَيُحْسِنْ وُضُوءَهُ، وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ يَدْعُو: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ، وَأَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَيْكَ، بِنَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ نَبِيِّ الرَّحْمَةِ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنِّي أَتَوَجَّهُ بِكَ إِلَى رَبِّي فِي حَاجَتِي هَذِهِ لِتُقْضَى لِي، اللَّهُمَّ فَشَفِّعْهُ فِيَّ» [ت، س، ق، مس].

fa-lyatawaḍḍaʾ, fa-yuḥsin wuḍūʾahu, wa-yuṣallī rakʿatayni, thumma yadʿū: «Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka, wa-ʾatawajjahu ʾilayka, binabiyyika muḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam nabiyyi al-raḥmati, yā muḥammadu ʾinnī ʾatawajjahu bika ʾilā rabbī fī ḥājatī hādhihi lituqḍā lī, Allāhumma fa-shaffiʿhu fiyya» [ت، س، ق، مس].

He should perform ablution and do it well, pray two rak'ahs, and then supplicate: “O Allah, I ask You and turn to You through Your Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the Prophet of mercy. O Muhammad, through you I turn to my Lord regarding this need of mine so that it may be fulfilled for me. O Allah, accept his intercession for me” [ت، س، ق، مس].

وَمَنْ أَرَادَ حِفْظَ الْقُرْآنِ:

wa-man ʾarāda ḥifẓa al-qurʾāni:

Whoever wishes to memorize the Qur’an:

فَإِذَا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ الْجُمُعَةِ، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَقُومَ فِي ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ الْآخِرِ، فَإِنَّهَا سَاعَةٌ مَشْهُودَةٌ، وَالدُّعَاءُ فِيهَا مُسْتَجَابٌ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَفِي وَسَطِهَا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَفِي أَوَّلِهَا، فَيُصَلِّي أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ،

fa-ʾidhā kānat laylatu al-jumuʿati, fa-ʾini istaṭāʿa ʾan yaqūma fī thuluthi al-layli al-ʾākhiri, fa-ʾinnahā sāʿatun mashhūdatun, wa-l-duʿāʾu fīhā mustajābun, fa-ʾin lam yastaṭiʿ fa-fī wasaṭihā, fa-ʾin lam yastaṭiʿ fa-fī ʾawwalihā, fa-yuṣallī ʾarbaʿa rakaʿātin,

On the eve of Friday, if he can rise during the final third of the night, he should do so, for it is an attended hour in which supplication is answered. If he cannot, then during the middle of the night; and if he cannot, then during its beginning. He should pray four rak'ahs,

يَقْرَأُ فِي الْأُولَى «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَسُورَةَ «يٰسٓ»، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَ«حمٓ» [الدُّخَانِ]، وَفِي الثَّالِثَةِ «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَ«الٓمٓ تَنْزِيل» [السَّجْدَةِ]، وَفِي الرَّابِعَةِ «الْفَاتِحَةَ» وَ«تَبَارَكَ» [الْمُلْكِ]، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنَ التَّشَهُّدِ، فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ، وَلْيُحْسِنِ الثَّنَاءَ عَلَى اللَّهِ،

yaqraʾu fī al-ʾūlā «al-fātiḥata» wa-sūrata «Yā Sīn», wa-fī al-thāniyati «al-fātiḥata» wa-«Ḥā Mīm» [al-dukhāni], wa-fī al-thālithati «al-fātiḥata» wa-«ʾAlif Lām Mīm tanzīl» [al-sajdati], wa-fī al-rābiʿati «al-fātiḥata» wa-«tabāraka» [al-mulki], fa-ʾidhā faragha mina al-tashahhudi, fa-lyaḥmadi Allāha, wa-lyuḥsini al-thanāʾa ʿalā Allāhi,

reciting “al-Fatihah” and Surah “Ya-Sin” in the first, “al-Fatihah” and “Ha-Mim” [الدُّخَانِ] in the second, “al-Fatihah” and “Alif-Lam-Mim: Revelation” [السَّجْدَةِ] in the third, and “al-Fatihah” and “Blessed is He” [الْمُلْكِ] in the fourth. After completing the tashahhud, he should praise Allah and extol Him well,

وَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلْيُحْسِنْ، وَعَلَى سَائِرِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَلْيَسْتَغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَلِإِخْوَانِهِ الَّذِينَ سَبَقُوهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُلْ فِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ:

wa-lyuṣalli ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-lyuḥsin, wa-ʿalā sāʾiri al-ʾanbiyāʾi, wa-lyastaghfir li-l-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti, wa-li-ʾikhwānihi alladhīna sabaqūhu bi-l-ʾīmāni, thumma liyaqul fī ʾākhiri dhālika:

invoke abundant blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and upon all the other prophets, and seek forgiveness for the believing men and women and for his brothers and sisters who preceded him in faith. At the end of all this, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْنِي بِتَرْكِ الْمَعَاصِي أَبَدًا مَا أَبْقَيْتَنِي، وَارْحَمْنِي أَنْ أَتَكَلَّفَ مَا لَا يَعْنِينِي، وَارْزُقْنِي حُسْنَ النَّظَرِ فِيمَا يُرْضِيكَ عَنِّي؛

«Allāhumma irḥamnī bitarki al-maʿāṣī ʾabadan mā ʾabqaytanī, wa-irḥamnī ʾan ʾatakallafa mā lā yaʿnīnī, wa-urzuqnī ḥusna al-naẓari fīmā yurḍīka ʿannī;

“O Allah, have mercy on me by enabling me to abandon acts of disobedience for as long as You keep me alive. Have mercy on me by keeping me from taking on what does not concern me, and grant me sound understanding of what will make You pleased with me.

اللَّهُمَّ بَدِيعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، وَالْعِزَّةِ الَّتِي لَا تُرَامُ، أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ، يَا رَحْمَنُ، بِجَلَالِكَ وَنُورِ وَجْهِكَ، أَنْ تُلْزِمَ قَلْبِيَ حِفْظَ كِتَابِكَ كَمَا عَلَّمْتَنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي أَنْ أَتْلُوَهُ عَلَى النَّحْوِ الَّذِي يُرْضِيكَ عَنِّي؛

Allāhumma badīʿa al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi, wa-l-ʿizzati allatī lā turāmu, ʾasʾaluka yā Allāhu, yā raḥmānu, bijalālika wa-nūri wajhika, ʾan tulzima qalbiya ḥifẓa kitābika kamā ʿallamtanī, wa-urzuqnī ʾan ʾatluwahu ʿalā al-naḥwi alladhī yurḍīka ʿannī;

O Allah, Originator of the heavens and earth, Possessor of majesty, honor, and unassailable might, I ask You, O Allah, O Most Compassionate, by Your majesty and the light of Your Face, to bind my heart to the memorization of Your Book as You have taught me, and grant me the ability to recite it in a manner that pleases You and earns Your approval of me.

اللَّهُمَّ بَدِيعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ وَالْعِزَّةِ الَّتِي لَا تُرَامُ، أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ يَا رَحْمَنُ بِجَلَالِكَ وَنُورِ وَجْهِكَ، أَنْ تُنَوِّرَ بِكِتَابِكَ بَصَرِي، وَأَنْ تُطْلِقَ بِهِ لِسَانِي، وَأَنْ تُفَرِّجَ بِهِ عَنْ قَلْبِي، وَأَنْ

Allāhumma badīʿa al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, dhā al-jalāli wa-l-ʾikrāmi wa-l-ʿizzati allatī lā turāmu, ʾasʾaluka yā Allāhu yā raḥmānu bijalālika wa-nūri wajhika, ʾan tunawwira bikitābika baṣarī, wa-ʾan tuṭliqa bihi lisānī, wa-ʾan tufarrija bihi ʿan qalbī, wa-ʾan

O Allah, Originator of the heavens and earth, Possessor of majesty, honor, and unassailable might, I ask You, O Allah, O Most Compassionate, by Your majesty and the light of Your Face, to illuminate my sight through Your Book, loosen my tongue through it, relieve my heart through it,

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تَشْرَحَ بِهِ صَدْرِي، وَأَنْ تَسْتَعْمِلَ بِهِ بَدَنِي، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعِينُنِي عَلَى الْحَقِّ غَيْرُكَ، وَلَا يُؤْتِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ.

tashraḥa bihi ṣadrī, wa-ʾan tastaʿmila bihi badanī, fa-ʾinnahu lā yuʿīnunī ʿalā al-ḥaqqi ghayruka, wa-lā yuʾtīhi ʾillā ʾanta, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi al-ʿaliyyi al-ʿaẓīmi.

expand my breast through it, and employ my body in its service. No one but You helps me uphold the truth, and no one but You grants it. There is no power and no strength except through Allah, the Most High, the Magnificent.

يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ جُمَعٍ، أَوْ خَمْسًا أَوْ سَبْعًا، يُجَابُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَنِي بِالْحَقِّ، مَا أَخْطَأَ مُؤْمِنًا قَطُّ» [ت، مس].

yafʿalu dhālika thalātha jumaʿin, ʾaw khamsan ʾaw sabʿan, yujābu bi-ʾidhni Allāhi, wa-alladhī baʿathanī bi-l-ḥaqqi, mā ʾakhṭaʾa muʾminan qaṭṭu» [ت، مس].

He should do this for three, five, or seven Fridays, and he will be answered by Allah’s permission. By the One who sent me with the truth, it has never failed any believer” [ت، مس].

وَإِذَا أَخْطَأَ أَوْ أَذْنَبَ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾakhṭaʾa ʾaw ʾadhnaba:

When he makes a mistake or commits a sin:

فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتُوبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَلْيَأْتِ، فَلْيَمُدَّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ:

fa-ʾaḥabba ʾan yatūba ʾilā Allāhi taʿālā, fa-lyaʾti, fa-lyamudda yadayhi ʾilā Allāhi ʿazza wa-jalla, thumma yaqūlu:

If he wishes to repent to Allah Most High, he should come forward, extend his hands toward Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and then say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهَا، لَا أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهَا أَبَدًا، فَإِنَّهُ يُغْفَرُ لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَرْجِعْ فِي عَمَلِهِ ذَلِكَ» [مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾatūbu ʾilayka minhā, lā ʾarjiʿu ʾilayhā ʾabadan, fa-ʾinnahu yughfaru lahu mā lam yarjiʿ fī ʿamalihi dhālika» [مس].

“O Allah, I repent to You from it and will never return to it; he will then be forgiven, provided he does not return to that deed” [مس].

«مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُذْنِبُ ذَنْبًا، ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيَتَطَهَّرُ (فَيَتَوَضَّأُ [ي])، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ [ي]، ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ (لِذَلِكَ الذَّنْبِ [ي])، إِلَّا غَفَرَ لَهُ» [عه، حب، ي].

«mā min rajulin yudhnibu dhanban, thumma yaqūmu fa-yataṭahharu (fa-yatawaḍḍaʾu [ي]), thumma yuṣallī rakʿatayni [ي], thumma yastaghfiru Allāha (li-dhālika al-dhanbi [ي]), ʾillā ghafara lahu» [عه، حب، ي].

“No man commits a sin, then rises and purifies himself (performs ablution [ي]), prays two rak'ahs [ي], and seeks Allah’s forgiveness (for that sin [ي]), without Allah forgiving him” [عه، حب، ي].

وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: وَاذُنُوبَاهْ، وَاذُنُوبَاهْ. فَقَالَ: «قُلْ: اللَّهُمَّ مَغْفِرَتُكَ أَوْسَعُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِي، وَرَحْمَتُكَ أَرْجَى عِنْدِي مِنْ عَمَلِي»، فَقَالَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «عُدْ»، فَعَادَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «عُدْ»، فَعَادَ، فَقَالَ: «قُمْ، فَقَدْ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ» [مس].

wa-jāʾa rajulun ʾilā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fa-qāla: wā-dhunūbāh, wā-dhunūbāh. fa-qāla: «qul: Allāhumma maghfiratuka ʾawsaʿu min dhunūbī, wa-raḥmatuka ʾarjā ʿindī min ʿamalī», fa-qālahā, thumma qāla: «ʿud», fa-ʿāda, thumma qāla: «ʿud», fa-ʿāda, fa-qāla: «qum, fa-qad ghafara Allāhu laka» [مس].

A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and cried, “Alas for my sins! Alas for my sins!” He told him, “Say: ‘O Allah, Your forgiveness is more vast than my sins, and I place more hope in Your mercy than in my deeds.’” The man said it. He then told him, “Say it again,” and the man repeated it. He again told him, “Say it again,” and the man repeated it. He then said, “Rise, for Allah has forgiven you” [مس].

«إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ النَّهَارِ، وَيَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ اللَّيْلِ، حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا» [م].

«ʾinna Allāha yabsuṭu yadahu bi-l-layli liyatūba musīʾu al-nahāri, wa-yabsuṭu yadahu bi-l-nahāri liyatūba musīʾu al-layli, ḥattā taṭluʿa al-shamsu min maghribihā» [م].

“Allah extends His hand by night so that the sinner of the day may repent, and He extends His hand by day so that the sinner of the night may repent, until the sun rises from the west” [م].

وَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَحَدُنَا يُذْنِبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ مِنْهُ وَيَتُوبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُغْفَرُ لَهُ، وَيُتَابُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ: فَيَعُودُ فَيُذْنِبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْهِ». قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ مِنْهُ وَيَتُوبُ؟ قَالَ: «يُغْفَرُ لَهُ، وَيُتَابُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَمَلُّ اللَّهُ حَتَّى تَمَلُّوا» [طس، ط].

wa-jāʾahu rajulun fa-qāla: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾaḥadunā yudhnibu? qāla: «yuktabu ʿalayhi». qāla: thumma yastaghfiru minhu wa-yatūbu? qāla: «yughfaru lahu, wa-yutābu ʿalayhi». qāla: fa-yaʿūdu fa-yudhnibu? qāla: «yuktabu ʿalayhi». qāla: thumma yastaghfiru minhu wa-yatūbu? qāla: «yughfaru lahu, wa-yutābu ʿalayhi, wa-lā yamallu Allāhu ḥattā tamallū» [طس، ط].

A man came to him and asked, “Messenger of Allah, does one of us commit a sin?” He replied, “It is recorded against him.” The man asked, “Then he seeks forgiveness for it and repents?” He replied, “He is forgiven, and his repentance is accepted.” He asked, “Then he returns and sins again?” He replied, “It is recorded against him.” He asked, “Then he seeks forgiveness for it and repents?” He replied, “He is forgiven, and his repentance is accepted. Allah does not weary until you weary” [طس، ط].

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فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالْأُمُورِ الْعُلْوِيَّةِ كَسَحَابٍ وَرَعْدٍ وَمَطَرٍ وَهِلَالٍ وَرِيحٍ

fīmā yataʿallaqu bi-l-ʾumūri al-ʿulwiyyati kasaḥābin wa-raʿdin wa-maṭarin wa-hilālin wa-rīḥin

Supplications Concerning Celestial Matters: Clouds, Thunder, Rain, the Crescent Moon, and Wind

وَإِذَا قُحِطُوا الْمَطَرَ:

wa-ʾidhā quḥiṭū al-maṭara:

When rain has been withheld from them:

فَلْيَجْثُوا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ، ثُمَّ لِيَقُولُوا: «يَا رَبِّ، يَا رَبِّ» [عو].

fa-lyajthū ʿalā al-rukabi, thumma liyaqūlū: «yā rabbi, yā rabbi» [عو].

They should kneel and say, “My Lord! My Lord!” [عو].

وَدُعَاءُ الِاسْتِسْقَاءِ:

wa-duʿāʾu al-istisqāʾi:

The supplication for seeking rain is:

«اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا [خ]، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا» [م].

«Allāhumma isqinā, Allāhumma isqinā, Allāhumma isqinā [خ], Allāhumma ʾaghithnā, Allāhumma ʾaghithnā, Allāhumma ʾaghithnā» [م].

“O Allah, give us rain! O Allah, give us rain! O Allah, give us rain! [خ] O Allah, send us relief! O Allah, send us relief! O Allah, send us relief!” [م].

فَإِنْ كَانَ إِمَامًا:

fa-ʾin kāna ʾimāman:

If he is the leader:

خَرَجَ إِذَا بَدَا حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ، فَقَعَدَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَكَبَّرَ وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ؛

kharaja ʾidhā badā ḥājibu al-shamsi, fa-qaʿada ʿalā al-minbari, fa-kabbara wa-ḥamida Allāha taʿālā, thumma qāla: «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi, māliki yawmi al-dīni, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu yafʿalu mā yurīdu;

He should go out when the rim of the sun appears, sit on the pulpit, proclaim Allah’s greatness, and praise Allah Most High. Then he should say: “All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful, Master of the Day of Judgment. There is no deity but Allah; He does whatever He wills.

اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ الْغَنِيُّ وَنَحْنُ الْفُقَرَاءُ، أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا الْغَيْثَ، وَاجْعَلْ مَا أَنْزَلْتَ عَلَيْنَا قُوَّةً وَبَلَاغًا إِلَى حِينٍ»، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ بَيَاضُ إِبْطَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُحَوِّلُ إِلَى النَّاسِ ظَهْرَهُ،

Allāhumma ʾanta Allāhu lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta al-ghaniyyu wa-naḥnu al-fuqarāʾu, ʾanzil ʿalaynā al-ghaytha, wa-ijʿal mā ʾanzalta ʿalaynā quwwatan wa-balāghan ʾilā ḥīnin», thumma yarfaʿu yadayhi ḥattā yabduwa bayāḍu ʾibṭayhi, thumma yuḥawwilu ʾilā al-nāsi ẓahrahu,

O Allah, You are Allah; there is no deity but You. You are the Self-Sufficient, and we are the needy. Send rain down upon us, and make what You send down a source of strength and sustenance for us for a time.” Then he should raise his hands until the whiteness of his armpits becomes visible and turn his back to the people,

وَيُحَوِّلُ رِدَاءَهُ، وَهُوَ رَافِعٌ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَيَنْزِلُ فَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ [د، حب، مس].

wa-yuḥawwilu ridāʾahu, wa-huwa rāfiʿun yadayhi, thumma yuqbilu ʿalā al-nāsi, wa-yanzilu fa-yuṣallī rakʿatayni [د، حب، مس].

turning his cloak around while his hands remain raised. Then he should face the people, descend, and pray two rak'ahs [د، حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِنَا غَيْثًا مُغِيثًا، مَرِيئًا، مَرِيعًا (١)، نَافِعًا، غَيْرَ ضَارٍّ، عَاجِلًا غَيْرَ آجِلٍ» [د، مص].

«Allāhumma isqinā ghaythan mughīthan, marīʾan, marīʿan (1), nāfiʿan, ghayra ḍārrin, ʿājilan ghayra ʾājilin» [د، مص].

“O Allah, give us rain that brings relief, is wholesome, fertile (1), beneficial and not harmful, immediate and not delayed” [د، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ اسْقِ عِبَادَكَ، وَبَهَائِمَكَ، وَانْشُرْ رَحْمَتَكَ، وَأَحْيِ بَلَدَكَ الْمَيِّتَ» [د].

«Allāhumma isqi ʿibādaka, wa-bahāʾimaka, wa-unshur raḥmataka, wa-ʾaḥyi baladaka al-mayyita» [د].

“O Allah, give water to Your servants and livestock, spread Your mercy, and revive Your dead land” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْزِلْ عَلَى أَرْضِنَا زِينَتَهَا وَسَكَنَهَا (٢)» [عو].

«Allāhumma ʾanzil ʿalā ʾarḍinā zīnatahā wa-sakanahā (2)» [عو].

“O Allah, send down upon our land its adornment and its solace (2)” [عو].

(١) مَرِيءٌ: خَفِيفٌ. مَرِيعٌ: مُخْصِبٌ.

(1) marīʾun: khafīfun. marīʿun: mukhṣibun.

(1) The first term means light and easy; the second means fertile and abundant.

(٢) سَكَنُهَا: غِيَاثُ أَهْلِهَا الَّذِي تَسْكُنُ أَنْفُسُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ.

(2) sakanuhā: ghiyāthu ʾahlihā alladhī taskunu ʾanfusuhum ʾilayhi.

(2) Its “solace” means the relief for its people in which their souls find rest.

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«اللَّهُمَّ صَاحَتْ (١) جِبَالُنَا، وَاغْبَرَّتْ أَرْضُنَا، وَهَامَتْ دَوَابُّنَا، مُعْطِيَ الْخَيْرَاتِ مِنْ أَمَاكِنِهَا، وَمُنْزِلَ الرَّحْمَةِ مِنْ مَعَادِنِهَا (٢)، وَمُجْرِيَ الْبَرَكَاتِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا بِالْغَيْثِ الْمُغِيثِ، أَنْتَ الْمُسْتَغْفَرُ الْغَفَّارُ، فَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ لِلْحَامَاتِ (٣) مِنْ ذُنُوبِنَا،

«Allāhumma ṣāḥat (1) jibālunā, wa-ighbarrat ʾarḍunā, wa-hāmat dawābbunā, muʿṭiya al-khayrāti min ʾamākinihā, wa-munzila al-raḥmati min maʿādinihā (2), wa-mujriya al-barakāti ʿalā ʾahlihā bi-l-ghaythi al-mughīthi, ʾanta al-mustaghfaru al-ghaffāru, fa-nastaghfiruka li-l-ḥāmāti (3) min dhunūbinā,

“O Allah, our mountains have cracked (1), our land has turned dusty, and our animals wander in distress. O Giver of good things from their sources, Sender of mercy from its reservoirs (2), and Bestower of blessings upon their recipients through rain that brings relief: You are the Ever-Forgiving One from whom forgiveness is sought, so we ask Your forgiveness for all (3) our sins,

وَنَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ عَوَامِّ خَطَايَانَا، اللَّهُمَّ فَأَرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ مِدْرَارًا، وَوَاصِلْ بِالْغَيْثِ وَاكِفًا (٤) مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ حَيْثُ يَنْفَعُنَا وَيَعُودُ عَلَيْنَا، غَيْثًا، عَامًّا، طَبَقًا، مُجَلِّلًا، غَدَقًا (٥)، خَصْبًا، رَاتِعًا (٦)، مُمْرِعَ النَّبَاتِ» [عو].

wa-natūbu ʾilayka min ʿawāmmi khaṭāyānā, Allāhumma fa-ʾarsili al-samāʾa midrāran, wa-wāṣil bi-l-ghaythi wākifan (4) min taḥti al-ʿarshi ḥaythu yanfaʿunā wa-yaʿūdu ʿalaynā, ghaythan, ʿāmman, ṭabaqan, mujallilan, ghadaqan (5), khaṣban, rātiʿan (6), mumriʿa al-nabāti» [عو].

and we repent to You from our widespread errors. O Allah, send the sky pouring down abundant rain, and send an unbroken, copious downpour (4) from beneath the Throne wherever it will benefit us and bring us good: rain that is widespread, all-covering, enveloping, drenching (5), fertile, and rich in pasture (6), causing vegetation to flourish” [عو].

وَاسْتَسْقَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الِاسْتِغْفَارِ [مص].

wa-istasqā ʿumaru bnu al-khaṭṭābi, fa-mā zāda ʿalā al-istighfāri [مص].

'Umar ibn al-Khattab prayed for rain and did nothing more than seek forgiveness [مص].

وَإِذَا رَأَى سَحَابًا مُقْبِلًا:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā saḥāban muqbilan:

When he sees clouds approaching:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أُرْسِلَ بِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ سَيْبًا (٧) نَافِعًا».

«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʾursila bihi, Allāhumma sayban (7) nāfiʿan».

“O Allah, we seek refuge in You from the evil of what they have been sent with. O Allah, make it a beneficial, flowing rain (7).”

فَإِنْ كَشَفَهُ اللَّهُ وَلَمْ يُمْطِرْ، حَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ [د، س، ق].

fa-ʾin kashafahu Allāhu wa-lam yumṭir, ḥamida Allāha ʿalā dhālika [د، س، ق].

If Allah disperses the clouds without rain, he should praise Allah for that [د، س، ق].

وَإِذَا رَأَى الْمَطَرَ:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-maṭara:

When he sees rain:

«اللَّهُمَّ صَيِّبًا (٨) نَافِعًا» [خ]. «اللَّهُمَّ سَيْبًا نَافِعًا»، مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا [مص].

«Allāhumma ṣayyiban (8) nāfiʿan» [خ]. «Allāhumma sayban nāfiʿan», marratayni ʾaw thalāthan [مص].

“O Allah, make it a beneficial downpour (8)” [خ]. “O Allah, make it a beneficial, flowing rain”—twice or three times [مص].

فَإِذَا كَثُرَ، وَخِيفَ الضَّرَرُ:

fa-ʾidhā kathura, wa-khīfa al-ḍararu:

If the rain grows heavy and harm is feared:

«اللَّهُمَّ حَوَالَيْنَا وَلَا عَلَيْنَا، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَى الْآكَامِ، وَالْآجَامِ، وَالضِّرَابِ (٩)، وَالْأَوْدِيَةِ، وَمَنَابِتِ الشَّجَرِ» [خ، م].

«Allāhumma ḥawālaynā wa-lā ʿalaynā, Allāhumma ʿalā al-ʾākāmi, wa-l-ʾājāmi, wa-l-ḍirābi (9), wa-l-ʾawdiyati, wa-manābiti al-shajari» [خ، م].

“O Allah, let it fall around us and not upon us. O Allah, let it fall upon the hillocks, thickets, low hills (9), valleys, and places where trees grow” [خ، م].

(١) تَشَقَّقَتْ وَجَفَّتْ لِعَدَمِ الْمَطَرِ.

(1) tashaqqaqat wa-jaffat liʿadami al-maṭari.

(1) They cracked and dried up because of the lack of rain.

(٢) مَرَاكِزُهَا.

(2) marākizuhā.

(2) Its centers and sources.

(٣) الْحَامَاتُ: الْعَامَّاتُ.

(3) al-ḥāmātu: al-ʿāmmātu.

(3) Al-hamat means all or the generality.

(٤) غَزِيرًا.

(4) ghazīran.

(4) Copiously.

(٥) طَبَقًا: عَامًّا وَاسِعًا. مُجَلِّلًا: يُجَلِّلُ الْأَرْضَ بِمَائِهِ. الْغَدَقُ: الْمَطَرُ الْكِبَارُ الْقَطْرِ.

(5) ṭabaqan: ʿāmman wāsiʿan. mujallilan: yujallilu al-ʾarḍa bimāʾihi. al-ghadaqu: al-maṭaru al-kibāru al-qaṭri.

(5) Tabaqan means widespread and extensive; mujallilan means covering the earth with its water; and ghadaq means rain with large drops.

(٦) يُنْبِتُ مِنَ الْكَلَإِ مَا تَرْتَعُ فِيهِ الْمَوَاشِي.

(6) yunbitu mina al-kalaʾi mā tartaʿu fīhi al-mawāshī.

(6) It causes pasture plants to grow on which livestock can graze.

(٧) عَطَاءً أَوْ مَطَرًا جَارِيًا.

(7) ʿaṭāʾan ʾaw maṭaran jāriyan.

(7) A gift or flowing rain.

(٨) مُنْهَمِرًا مُتَدَفِّقًا.

(8) munhamiran mutadaffiqan.

(8) Pouring and flowing heavily.

(٩) قَوْلُهُ: الْآكَامُ، قِيلَ هِيَ التُّرَابُ الْمُجْتَمِعُ، وَقِيلَ هِيَ الْحَجَرُ الْوَاحِدُ، وَقِيلَ هِيَ الْهَضْبَةُ الضَّخْمَةُ، وَقِيلَ مَا ارْتَفَعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ.

(9) qawluhu: al-ʾākāmu, qīla hiya al-turābu al-mujtamiʿu, wa-qīla hiya al-ḥajaru al-wāḥidu, wa-qīla hiya al-haḍbatu al-ḍakhmatu, wa-qīla mā irtafaʿa mina al-ʾarḍi.

(9) Regarding “hillocks,” it is said that these are mounds of accumulated earth, a single rock, a massive plateau, or any raised part of the ground.

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وَقَوْلُهُ: الْآجَامُ: جَمْعُ أَجَمَةٍ، وَهِيَ الشَّجَرُ الْمُلْتَفُّ الْكَثِيرُ، وَقِيلَ مَا ارْتَفَعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ. وَالضِّرَابُ: قِيلَ هُوَ الْجَبَلُ الْمُنْبَسِطُ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بِالْعَالِي، وَقَالَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ: الرَّابِيَةُ الصَّغِيرَةُ.

wa-qawluhu: al-ʾājāmu: jamʿu ʾajamatin, wa-hiya al-shajaru al-multaffu al-kathīru, wa-qīla mā irtafaʿa mina al-ʾarḍi. wa-l-ḍirābu: qīla huwa al-jabalu al-munbasiṭu alladhī laysa bi-l-ʿālī, wa-qāla al-jawhariyyu: al-rābiyatu al-ṣaghīratu.

“Thickets” is the plural of a word meaning dense, intertwined trees; it is also said to mean raised ground. “Low hills” are said to be broad mountains that are not high; al-Jawhari defined them as small rises in the ground.

وَإِذَا سَمِعَ الرَّعْدَ وَالصَّوَاعِقَ:

wa-ʾidhā samiʿa al-raʿda wa-l-ṣawāʿiqa:

When he hears thunder and thunderbolts:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَقْتُلْنَا بِغَضَبِكَ، وَلَا تُهْلِكْنَا بِعَذَابِكَ، وَعَافِنَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ» [ت، س، مس].

«Allāhumma lā taqtulnā bighaḍabika, wa-lā tuhliknā biʿadhābika, wa-ʿāfinā qabla dhālika» [ت، س، مس].

“O Allah, do not kill us in Your wrath or destroy us with Your punishment; grant us well-being before that” [ت، س، مس].

«سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي يُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ خِيفَتِهِ» [مو، طا].

«subḥāna alladhī yusabbiḥu al-raʿdu biḥamdihi, wa-l-malāʾikatu min khīfatihi» [مو، طا].

“Glory be to the One whom thunder glorifies with praise and the angels glorify out of awe of Him” [مو، طا].

وَإِذَا هَاجَتِ الرِّيحُ:

wa-ʾidhā hājati al-rīḥu:

When the wind begins to rage:

اسْتَقْبَلَهَا بِوَجْهِهِ، وَجَثَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَيَدَيْهِ [طب، ط]، وَقَالَ:

istaqbalahā biwajhihi, wa-jathā ʿalā rukbatayhi wa-yadayhi [طب، ط], wa-qāla:

He should face it directly, kneel on his knees with his hands on the ground [طب، ط], and say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهَا، وَخَيْرَ مَا فِيهَا، وَخَيْرَ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا أُرْسِلَتْ بِهِ» [م، ت، س، طب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayrahā, wa-khayra mā fīhā, wa-khayra mā ʾursilat bihi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā, wa-sharri mā fīhā, wa-sharri mā ʾursilat bihi» [م، ت، س، طب].

“O Allah, I ask You for its good, the good within it, and the good with which it was sent; and I seek refuge in You from its evil, the evil within it, and the evil with which it was sent” [م، ت، س، طب].

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رِيَاحًا، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا رِيحًا، اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا رَحْمَةً، وَلَا تَجْعَلْهَا عَذَابًا» [طب، ط].

«Allāhumma ijʿalhā riyāḥan, wa-lā tajʿalhā rīḥan, Allāhumma ijʿalhā raḥmatan, wa-lā tajʿalhā ʿadhāban» [طب، ط].

“O Allah, make it favorable winds, not a destructive wind. O Allah, make it a mercy, not a punishment” [طب، ط].

فَإِنْ جَاءَ مَعَ الرِّيحِ ظُلْمَةٌ: تَعَوَّذَ بِالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ [د].

fa-ʾin jāʾa maʿa al-rīḥi ẓulmatun: taʿawwadha bi-l-muʿawwidhatayni [د].

If darkness comes with the wind, he should seek refuge by reciting the two surahs of refuge [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ هَذِهِ الرِّيحِ، وَخَيْرِ مَا فِيهَا، وَخَيْرِ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذِهِ الرِّيحِ، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ» [ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā nasʾaluka min khayri hādhihi al-rīḥi, wa-khayri mā fīhā, wa-khayri mā ʾumirat bihi, wa-naʿūdhu bika min sharri hādhihi al-rīḥi, wa-sharri mā fīhā, wa-sharri mā ʾumirat bihi» [ت، س].

“O Allah, we ask You for the good of this wind, the good within it, and the good it has been commanded to bring; and we seek refuge in You from the evil of this wind, the evil within it, and the evil it has been commanded to bring” [ت، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ» [ص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayri mā ʾumirat bihi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʾumirat bihi» [ص].

“O Allah, I ask You for the good it has been commanded to bring, and I seek refuge in You from the evil it has been commanded to bring” [ص].

«اللَّهُمَّ لَقْحًا، لَا عَقِيمًا (١)» [حب، طس].

«Allāhumma laqḥan, lā ʿaqīman (1)» [حب، طس].

“O Allah, make it fertilizing, not barren (1)” [حب، طس].

وَإِذَا سَمِعَ صِيَاحَ الدِّيَكَةِ:

wa-ʾidhā samiʿa ṣiyāḥa al-diyakati:

When he hears roosters crowing:

فَلْيَسْأَلِ اللَّهَ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ [خ، م، د، ت، س].

fa-lyasʾali Allāha min faḍlihi [خ، م، د، ت، س].

He should ask Allah for some of His bounty [خ، م، د، ت، س].

وَإِذَا سَمِعَ نَهِيقَ الْحَمِيرِ:

wa-ʾidhā samiʿa nahīqa al-ḥamīri:

When he hears donkeys braying:

فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ [خ، م، د، ت، س، مس]، وَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا سَمِعَ نُبَاحَ الْكِلَابِ [د، س، مس].

fa-lyataʿawwadh bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi [خ، م، د، ت، س، مس], wa-ka-dhālika ʾidhā samiʿa nubāḥa al-kilābi [د، س، مس].

He should seek refuge in Allah from the accursed devil [خ، م، د، ت، س، مس]. He should do the same when he hears dogs barking [د، س، مس].

(١) قَوْلُهُ: لَقْحًا: هِيَ الرِّيحُ الْحَامِلَةُ لِلسَّحَابِ الْحَامِلَةِ لِلْمَاءِ كَاللِّقَاحَةِ، وَهِيَ الْإِبِلُ. وَالْعَقِيمُ الَّتِي لَا مَاءَ فِيهَا كَالْعَقِيمِ مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ.

(1) qawluhu: laqḥan: hiya al-rīḥu al-ḥāmilatu li-l-saḥābi al-ḥāmilati li-l-māʾi ka-l-liqāḥati, wa-hiya al-ʾibilu. wa-l-ʿaqīmu allatī lā māʾa fīhā ka-l-ʿaqīmi mina al-ḥayawāni.

(1) “Fertilizing” describes a wind that carries water-bearing clouds, like pregnant she-camels. A “barren” wind contains no water, just as a barren animal bears no young.

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وَإِذَا رَأَى الْكُسُوفَ:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-kusūfa:

When he sees an eclipse:

فَلْيَدْعُ اللَّهَ، وَلْيُكَبِّرْ، وَلْيُصَلِّ، وَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ [خ، م، د، س].

fa-lyadʿu Allāha, wa-lyukabbir, wa-lyuṣalli, wa-lyataṣaddaq [خ، م، د، س].

He should supplicate to Allah, proclaim His greatness, pray, and give charity [خ، م، د، س].

وَإِذَا رَأَى الْهِلَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-hilāla:

When he sees the new crescent moon:

«اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ» [مي]. «اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْيُمْنِ وَالْإِيمَانِ، وَالسَّلَامَةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ، وَالتَّوْفِيقِ لِمَا تُحِبُّ وَتَرْضَى» [حب]. «رَبِّي وَرَبُّكَ اللَّهُ» [ت، حب، مي]. «هِلَالُ خَيْرٍ وَرُشْدٍ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ، وَخَيْرِ الْقَدَرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ. ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ» [ط].

«Allāhu ʾakbaru» [مي]. «Allāhumma ʾahillahu ʿalaynā bi-l-yumni wa-l-ʾīmāni, wa-l-salāmati wa-l-ʾislāmi, wa-l-tawfīqi limā tuḥibbu wa-tarḍā» [حب]. «rabbī wa-rabbuka Allāhu» [ت، حب، مي]. «hilālu khayrin wa-rushdin, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayri hādhā al-shahri, wa-khayri al-qadari, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihi. thalātha marrātin» [ط].

“Allah is the Greatest” [مي]. “O Allah, bring it over us with prosperity, faith, safety, Islam, and success in what You love and are pleased with” [حب]. “My Lord and your Lord is Allah” [ت، حب، مي]. “A crescent of goodness and right guidance. O Allah, I ask You for the good of this month and the good of its decree, and I seek refuge in You from its evil—three times” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا نَصْرَهُ، وَخَيْرَهُ، وَبَرَكَتَهُ، وَفَتْحَهُ، وَنُورَهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهِ، وَشَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ» [مو، مص].

«Allāhumma urzuqnā naṣrahu, wa-khayrahu, wa-barakatahu, wa-fatḥahu, wa-nūrahu, wa-naʿūdhu bika min sharrihi, wa-sharri mā baʿdahu» [مو، مص].

“O Allah, grant us its victory, goodness, blessing, triumph, and light; and we seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil of what follows it” [مو، مص].

وَإِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَى الْقَمَرِ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā naẓara ʾilā al-qamari fa-lyaqul:

When he looks at the moon, he should say:

«أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ هَذَا» [ت، س، مس].

«ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi min sharri hādhā» [ت، س، مس].

“I seek refuge in Allah from the evil of this” [ت، س، مس].

وَإِذَا رَأَى لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā laylata al-qadri fa-lyaqul:

When he witnesses Laylat al-Qadr, he should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ، فَاعْفُ عَنِّي» [ت، س، ق، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnaka ʿafuwwun tuḥibbu al-ʿafwa, fa-uʿfu ʿannī» [ت، س، ق، مس].

“O Allah, You are Pardoning and love to pardon, so pardon me” [ت، س، ق، مس].

وَإِذَا نَظَرَ وَجْهَهُ فِي الْمِرْآةِ:

wa-ʾidhā naẓara wajhahu fī al-mirʾāti:

When he looks at his face in a mirror:

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ حَسَّنْتَ خَلْقِي، فَحَسِّنْ خُلُقِي» [حب، قي].

«Allāhumma ʾanta ḥassanta khalqī, fa-ḥassin khuluqī» [حب، قي].

“O Allah, You have made my physical form beautiful, so make my character beautiful” [حب، قي].

«اللَّهُمَّ كَمَا حَسَّنْتَ خَلْقِي، فَأَحْسِنْ خُلُقِي، وَحَرِّمْ وَجْهِي عَلَى النَّارِ» [ر].

«Allāhumma kamā ḥassanta khalqī, fa-ʾaḥsin khuluqī, wa-ḥarrim wajhī ʿalā al-nāri» [ر].

“O Allah, just as You have made my physical form beautiful, make my character beautiful, and protect my face from the Fire” [ر].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي سَوَّى خَلْقِي، وَأَحْسَنَ صُورَتِي، وَزَانَ مِنِّي مَا شَانَ (١) مِنْ غَيْرِي» [ر].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī sawwā khalqī, wa-ʾaḥsana ṣūratī, wa-zāna minnī mā shāna (1) min ghayrī» [ر].

“All praise is due to Allah, who made my form proportionate, made my appearance beautiful, and adorned in me what He made unseemly (1) in others” [ر].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي سَوَّى خَلْقِي فَعَدَلَهُ، وَصَوَّرَ صُورَةَ وَجْهِي فَأَحْسَنَهَا، وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ» [طس، ي].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī sawwā khalqī fa-ʿadalahu, wa-ṣawwara ṣūrata wajhī fa-ʾaḥsanahā, wa-jaʿalanī mina al-muslimīna» [طس، ي].

“All praise is due to Allah, who made my form proportionate and balanced it, fashioned the image of my face and made it beautiful, and made me one of the Muslims” [طس، ي].

وَإِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā sallama ʿalā ʾaḥadin fa-lyaqul:

When he greets someone, he should say:

«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ [خ، م، س] (السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ [د، ت، س، مي]) وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ [د، ت، س، مي] وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [د، ت، س، مي].

«al-salāmu ʿalaykum [خ، م، س] (al-salāmu ʿalayka [د، ت، س، مي]) wa-raḥmatu Allāhi [د، ت، س، مي] wa-barakātuhu» [د، ت، س، مي].

“Peace be upon you all [خ، م، س] (peace be upon you [د، ت، س، مي]), and the mercy of Allah [د، ت، س، مي] and His blessings” [د، ت، س، مي].

(١) شَانَ مِنَ الشَّيْنِ، وَهُوَ الْعَيْبُ. وَعَكْسُهُ: زَانَ.

(1) shāna mina al-shayni, wa-huwa al-ʿaybu. wa-ʿaksuhu: zāna.

(1) The verb shana means to mar or make defective, while its opposite, zana, means to adorn.

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فَإِذَا رَدَّ السَّلَامَ: «وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [ع، س، حب].

fa-ʾidhā radda al-salāma: «wa-ʿalaykumu al-salāmu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu» [ع، س، حب].

When replying to the greeting, he should say, “And peace be upon you all, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings” [ع، س، حب].

وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ: «عَلَيْكَ» [م، ت، س]، أَوْ: «وَعَلَيْكَ» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

wa-ʿalā ʾahli al-kitābi: «ʿalayka» [م، ت، س], ʾaw: «wa-ʿalayka» [خ، م، د، ت، س].

To one of the People of the Book, he should reply, “Upon you” [م، ت، س], or “And upon you” [خ، م، د، ت، س].

وَإِذَا بَلَّغَ سَلَامًا مِنْ أَحَدٍ فَلْيَقُلْ: «وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [ع]، أَوْ: «وَعَلَيْكَ وَعَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ» [س].

wa-ʾidhā ballagha salāman min ʾaḥadin fa-lyaqul: «wa-ʿalayka al-salāmu wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu» [ع], ʾaw: «wa-ʿalayka wa-ʿalayhi al-salāmu» [س].

When someone conveys another person’s greeting to him, he should say, “And peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings” [ع], or “And peace be upon you and upon him” [س].

وَإِذَا عَطَسَ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā ʿaṭasa fa-lyaqul:

When he sneezes, he should say:

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ [خ، د، س] عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ» [د، ت، س، مس، ق].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi [خ، د، س] ʿalā kulli ḥālin» [د، ت، س، مس، ق].

“All praise is due to Allah [خ، د، س] in every state” [د، ت، س، مس، ق].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ حَمْدًا كَثِيرًا طَيِّبًا، مُبَارَكًا فِيهِ، مُبَارَكًا عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا يُحِبُّ رَبُّنَا وَيَرْضَى» [د، ت، س].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ḥamdan kathīran ṭayyiban, mubārakan fīhi, mubārakan ʿalayhi, kamā yuḥibbu rabbunā wa-yarḍā» [د، ت، س].

“All praise is due to Allah—abundant, wholesome praise, blessed in itself and with blessing bestowed upon it—in a manner our Lord loves and finds pleasing” [د، ت، س].

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ» [د، ت، س، حب].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna» [د، ت، س، حب].

“All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds” [د، ت، س، حب].

وَلْيَقُلْ لَهُ: «يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ» [خ، د، س، ت، مس، ق].

wa-lyaqul lahu: «yarḥamuka Allāhu» [خ، د، س، ت، مس، ق].

The listener should say to him, “May Allah have mercy on you” [خ، د، س، ت، مس، ق].

وَلْيَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ: «يَهْدِيكُمُ اللَّهُ، وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَكُمْ (١)» [خ، د، س، ت، مس].

wa-lyarudda ʿalayhi: «yahdīkumu Allāhu, wa-yuṣliḥu bālakum (1)» [خ، د، س، ت، مس].

The sneezer should reply, “May Allah guide you and set your affairs right (1)” [خ، د، س، ت، مس].

«يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِي وَلَكُمْ» [د، ت، س، حب]، وَ«يَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ» [س، ق، مس].

«yaghfiru Allāhu lī wa-lakum» [د، ت، س، حب], wa-«yaghfiru lanā wa-lakum» [س، ق، مس].

“May Allah forgive me and you” [د، ت، س، حب], or “May He forgive us and you” [س، ق، مس].

«يَرْحَمُنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ، وَيَغْفِرُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ» [مو، طا].

«yarḥamunā Allāhu wa-ʾiyyākum, wa-yaghfiru lanā wa-lakum» [مو، طا].

“May Allah have mercy on us and you, and forgive us and you” [مو، طا].

وَإِنْ كَانَ كِتَابِيًّا قِيلَ لَهُ: «يَهْدِيكُمُ اللَّهُ، وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَكُمْ» [ت، د، س، مس].

wa-ʾin kāna kitābiyyan qīla lahu: «yahdīkumu Allāhu, wa-yuṣliḥu bālakum» [ت، د، س، مس].

If the sneezer is one of the People of the Book, he should be told, “May Allah guide you and set your affairs right” [ت، د، س، مس].

وَ«مَنْ قَالَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ عَطْسَةٍ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ مَا كَانَ، لَمْ يَجِدْ وَجَعَ ضِرْسٍ وَلَا أُذُنٍ أَبَدًا» [مو، مص].

wa-«man qāla ʿinda kulli ʿaṭsatin: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna ʿalā kulli ḥālin mā kāna, lam yajid wajaʿa ḍirsin wa-lā ʾudhunin ʾabadan» [مو، مص].

“Whoever says with every sneeze, ‘All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds, in every state that may be,’ will never suffer pain in a tooth or an ear” [مو، مص].

وَإِذَا طَنَّتْ أُذُنُهُ: فَلْيَذْكُرِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، وَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ بِخَيْرٍ مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي» [ط، ي].

wa-ʾidhā ṭannat ʾudhunuhu: fa-lyadhkuri al-nabiyya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-lyuṣalli ʿalayhi, wa-lyaqul: «dhakara Allāhu bikhayrin man dhakaranī» [ط، ي].

When his ear rings, he should remember the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), invoke blessings upon him, and say, “May Allah remember with goodness whoever remembers me” [ط، ي].

وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ بِمَا يَسُرُّهُ: فَلْيَحْمَدِ اللَّهَ [خ، م، د، س، ق]، أَوْ: حَمِدَ وَكَبَّرَ [خ، م]، أَوْ سَجَدَ لِلَّهِ شُكْرًا [مس، أ].

wa-ʾidhā bushshira bimā yasurruhu: fa-lyaḥmadi Allāha [خ، م، د، س، ق], ʾaw: ḥamida wa-kabbara [خ، م], ʾaw sajada li-llāhi shukran [مس، أ].

When he receives news that delights him, he should praise Allah [خ، م، د، س، ق], or praise Him and proclaim His greatness [خ، م], or prostrate to Allah in gratitude [مس، أ].

وَإِذَا رَأَى مِنْ نَفْسِهِ أَوْ مَالِهِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ مَا يُعْجِبُهُ، فَلْيَدْعُ بِالْبَرَكَةِ [س، ق، مس].

wa-ʾidhā raʾā min nafsihi ʾaw mālihi ʾaw ghayrihi mā yuʿjibuhu, fa-lyadʿu bi-l-barakati [س، ق، مس].

When he sees something in himself, his wealth, or anything else that pleases him, he should pray for blessing [س، ق، مس].

وَإِذَا أَرَادَ نُمُوَّ مَالِهِ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ،

wa-ʾidhā ʾarāda numuwwa mālihi qāla: «Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin ʿabdika wa-rasūlika,

If he wishes his wealth to grow, he should say, “O Allah, bestow blessings upon Muhammad, Your servant and Messenger,

(١) الْبَالُ هُوَ الشَّأْنُ، وَالْمَعْنَى: أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ شَأْنَكُمْ.

(1) al-bālu huwa al-shaʾnu, wa-l-maʿnā: ʾaṣlaḥa Allāhu shaʾnakum.

(1) Bal means one’s state or affairs. Thus it means: may Allah set your affairs right.

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وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَعَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ» [مص].

wa-ʿalā al-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti, wa-ʿalā al-muslimīna wa-l-muslimāti» [مص].

and upon the believing men and women, and upon the Muslim men and women” [مص].

وَإِذَا رَأَى أَخَاهُ الْمُسْلِمَ يَضْحَكُ قَالَ: «أَضْحَكَ اللَّهُ سِنَّكَ» [ع، م، س].

wa-ʾidhā raʾā ʾakhāhu al-muslima yaḍḥaku qāla: «ʾaḍḥaka Allāhu sinnaka» [ع، م، س].

When he sees his Muslim brother laughing, he should say, “May Allah keep you smiling” [ع، م، س].

وَإِذَا أَحَبَّ أَخَاهُ: فَلْيُعْلِمْهُ ذَلِكَ [ي، س، د، حب].

wa-ʾidhā ʾaḥabba ʾakhāhu: fa-lyuʿlimhu dhālika [ي، س، د، حب].

When he loves his brother, let him tell him so [ي، س، د، حب].

فَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّكَ فِي اللَّهِ [حب]، قَالَ: «أَحَبَّكَ الَّذِي أَحْبَبْتَنِي لَهُ» [س، د، حب، ي].

fa-ʾidhā qāla lahu: ʾinnī ʾuḥibbuka fī Allāhi [حب], qāla: «ʾaḥabbaka alladhī ʾaḥbabtanī lahu» [س، د، حب، ي].

When he says to him, “I love you for Allah's sake” [حب], he should reply, “May He for whose sake you love me love you” [س، د، حب، ي].

وَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ. قَالَ: وَلَكَ [س].

wa-ʾidhā qāla lahu: ghafara Allāhu laka. qāla: wa-laka [س].

When he says to him, “May Allah forgive you,” he should reply, “And you as well” [س].

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ: كَيْفَ أَصْبَحْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ إِلَيْكَ [ط].

wa-ʾidhā qīla lahu: kayfa ʾaṣbaḥta? qāla: ʾaḥmadu Allāha ʾilayka [ط].

When he is asked, “How are you this morning?” he should say, “I praise Allah before you” [ط].

وَإِذَا نَادَاهُ رَجُلٌ، رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ: لَبَّيْكَ [ي].

wa-ʾidhā nādāhu rajulun, radda ʿalayhi: labbayka [ي].

When a man calls him, he should answer, “At your service” [ي].

وَإِذَا صُنِعَ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفٌ فَقَالَ لِفَاعِلِهِ: جَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا. فَقَدْ أَبْلَغَ فِي الثَّنَاءِ [ت، س، حب].

wa-ʾidhā ṣuniʿa ʾilayhi maʿrūfun fa-qāla lifāʿilihi: jazāka Allāhu khayran. fa-qad ʾablagha fī al-thanāʾi [ت، س، حب].

When someone does him a kindness and he says to the person, “May Allah reward you with goodness,” he has expressed the fullest praise [ت، س، حب].

وَإِذَا عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ أَخُوهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، قَالَ: بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِي أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ [خ، ت، س، ي].

wa-ʾidhā ʿaraḍa ʿalayhi ʾakhūhu min ʾahlihi wa-mālihi, qāla: bāraka Allāhu fī ʾahlika wa-mālika [خ، ت، س، ي].

When his brother offers him something from his household or wealth, he should say, “May Allah bless your family and your wealth” [خ، ت، س، ي].

وَإِذَا اسْتَوْفَى دَيْنَهُ، قَالَ: «أَوْفَيْتَنِي، أَوْفَى اللَّهُ بِكَ» [خ، م، ت، س، ق]، وَ«وَفَّى اللَّهُ بِكَ» [خ]. «أَوْفَاكَ اللَّهُ» [م].

wa-ʾidhā istawfā daynahu, qāla: «ʾawfaytanī, ʾawfā Allāhu bika» [خ، م، ت، س، ق], wa-«waffā Allāhu bika» [خ]. «ʾawfāka Allāhu» [م].

When he has received repayment of a debt in full, he should say, “You have paid me in full; may Allah grant you your full reward” [خ، م، ت، س، ق], or, “May Allah grant you your full reward” [خ], or, “May Allah repay you in full” [م].

وَإِذَا رَأَى مَا يُحِبُّ، قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي بِنِعْمَتِهِ تَتِمُّ الصَّالِحَاتُ».

wa-ʾidhā raʾā mā yuḥibbu, qāla: «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī biniʿmatihi tatimmu al-ṣāliḥātu».

When he sees something he likes, he should say, “All praise is due to Allah, by whose grace righteous deeds are completed.”

وَإِنْ رَأَى مَا يَكْرَهُ، قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ» [ق، مس، ي].

wa-ʾin raʾā mā yakrahu, qāla: «al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿalā kulli ḥālin» [ق، مس، ي].

If he sees something he dislikes, he should say, “All praise is due to Allah in every circumstance” [ق، مس، ي].

«مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عَبْدٍ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ. إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَدَّى شُكْرَهَا، فَإِنْ قَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، جَدَّدَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ثَوَابَهَا، فَإِنْ قَالَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ، غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذُنُوبَهُ» [مس].

«mā ʾanʿama Allāhu ʿalā ʿabdin min niʿmatin fa-qāla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi. ʾillā wa-qad ʾaddā shukrahā, fa-ʾin qālahā al-thāniyata, jaddada Allāhu lahu thawābahā, fa-ʾin qālahā al-thālithata, ghafara Allāhu lahu dhunūbahu» [مس].

“Whenever Allah grants a servant a blessing and he says, ‘All praise is due to Allah,’ he has duly given thanks for it. If he says it a second time, Allah renews its reward for him, and if he says it a third time, Allah forgives his sins” [مس].

«مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عَبْدٍ نِعْمَةً فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ. إِلَّا كَانَ قَدْ أُعْطِيَ خَيْرًا مِمَّا أَخَذَ» [ي].

«mā ʾanʿama Allāhu ʿalā ʿabdin niʿmatan fa-qāla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna. ʾillā kāna qad ʾuʿṭiya khayran mimmā ʾakhadha» [ي].

“Whenever Allah grants a servant a blessing and he says, ‘All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds,’ he has been given something better than what he received” [ي].

وَإِذَا ابْتُلِيَ بِالدَّيْنِ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِحَلَالِكَ عَنْ حَرَامِكَ، وَأَغْنِنِي بِفَضْلِكَ عَمَّنْ سِوَاكَ» [ت، مس]، «اللَّهُمَّ فَارِجَ الْهَمِّ،

wa-ʾidhā ubtuliya bi-l-dayni, qāla: «Allāhumma ikfinī biḥalālika ʿan ḥarāmika, wa-ʾaghninī bifaḍlika ʿamman siwāka» [ت، مس], «Allāhumma fārija al-hammi,

When he is afflicted with debt, he should say, “O Allah, suffice me with what You have made lawful so that I need not resort to what You have forbidden, and enrich me by Your bounty so that I need no one besides You” [ت، مس]; and, “O Allah, Reliever of anxiety,

كَاشِفَ الْغَمِّ، مُجِيبَ دَعْوَةِ الْمُضْطَرِّينَ، رَحْمَنَ الدُّنْيَا وَرَحِيمَهَا، أَنْتَ تَرْحَمُنِي، فَارْحَمْنِي بِرَحْمَةٍ تُغْنِينِي بِهَا عَنْ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ سِوَاكَ» [مس، ر].

kāshifa al-ghammi, mujība daʿwati al-muḍṭarrīna, raḥmāna al-dunyā wa-raḥīmahā, ʾanta tarḥamunī, fa-irḥamnī biraḥmatin tughnīnī bihā ʿan raḥmatin min siwāka» [مس، ر].

Remover of grief, Answerer of the supplication of those in distress, the Universally Merciful and Especially Merciful of this world, You have mercy on me, so have mercy on me with a mercy that will make me independent of the mercy of anyone besides You” [مس، ر].

«اللَّهُمَّ مَالِكَ الْمُلْكِ، تُؤْتِي الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتُعِزُّ

«Allāhumma mālika al-mulki, tuʾtī al-mulka man tashāʾu, wa-tanziʿu al-mulka mimman tashāʾu, wa-tuʿizzu

“O Allah, Sovereign of all dominion, You give dominion to whom You will, take dominion from whom You will, honor whom You will,

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مَنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتُذِلُّ مَنْ تَشَاءُ، بِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ، إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، رَحْمَنَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، تُعْطِيهِمَا مَنْ تَشَاءُ، وَتَمْنَعُ مِنْهُمَا مَنْ تَشَاءُ، ارْحَمْنِي رَحْمَةً تُغْنِينِي بِهَا عَنْ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْ سِوَاكَ» [صط].

man tashāʾu, wa-tudhillu man tashāʾu, biyadika al-khayru, ʾinnaka ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun, raḥmāna al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati, tuʿṭīhimā man tashāʾu, wa-tamnaʿu minhumā man tashāʾu, irḥamnī raḥmatan tughnīnī bihā ʿan raḥmatin min siwāka» [صط].

and humble whom You will. All good is in Your hand; You have power over all things. Universally Merciful in this world and the Hereafter, You give them to whom You will and withhold them from whom You will. Have mercy on me with a mercy that will make me independent of the mercy of anyone besides You” [صط].

وَتَقَدَّمَ مَا يَقُولُ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ وَإِذَا أَمْسَى [د].

wa-taqaddama mā yaqūlu ʾidhā ʾaṣbaḥa wa-ʾidhā ʾamsā [د].

What one should say in the morning and evening has already been given [د].

وَإِذَا أَخَذَهُ إِعْيَاءٌ مِنْ شُغْلٍ أَوْ طَلَبَ زِيَادَةَ قُوَّةٍ:

wa-ʾidhā ʾakhadhahu ʾiʿyāʾun min shughlin ʾaw ṭalaba ziyādata quwwatin:

When weariness from work overtakes him, or he seeks greater strength:

فَلْيُسَبِّحْ عِنْدَ نَوْمِهِ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَلْيَحْمَدْ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَلْيُكَبِّرْ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، أَوْ مِنْ كُلٍّ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، أَوْ مِنْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ مَرَّةً [خ، م، د، س، ت، حب، أ، ط].

fa-lyusabbiḥ ʿinda nawmihi thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-lyaḥmad thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-lyukabbir ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna, ʾaw min kullin thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, ʾaw min ʾiḥdāhunna ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna marratan [خ، م، د، س، ت، حب، أ، ط].

At bedtime, let him glorify Allah thirty-three times, praise Him thirty-three times, and magnify Him thirty-four times; or say each of the three thirty-three times; or say one of them thirty-four times [خ، م، د، س، ت، حب، أ، ط].

أَوْ مِنْ كُلٍّ دُبُرَ صَلَاةٍ عَشْرًا وَعِنْدَ النَّوْمِ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَالتَّكْبِيرُ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ [ق].

ʾaw min kullin dubura ṣalātin ʿashran wa-ʿinda al-nawmi thalāthan wa-thalāthīna, wa-l-takbīru ʾarbaʿan wa-thalāthīna [ق].

Or let him say each ten times after every prayer and thirty-three times at bedtime, with the magnification said thirty-four times [ق].

وَمَنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِالْوَسْوَسَةِ: فَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ وَلْيَنْتَهِ [خ، م، د، س].

wa-mani ubtuliya bi-l-waswasati: fa-lyastaʿidh bi-llāhi wa-lyantahi [خ، م، د، س].

Whoever is afflicted by obsessive whispering should seek refuge in Allah and stop entertaining it [خ، م، د، س].

أَوْ لِيَقُلْ: آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ [م]، ﴿اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ۝ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ۝ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ﴾. ثُمَّ لِيَتْفُلْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ [د، س، ي] وَمِنْ فِتْنَتِهِ [س].

ʾaw liyaqul: ʾāmantu bi-llāhi wa-rasūlihi [م], ﴿Allāhu ʾaḥadun · Allāhu al-ṣamadu · lam yalid wa-lam yūlad · wa-lam yakun lahu kufuwan ʾaḥadun﴾. thumma liyatful ʿan yasārihi thalāthan, wa-lyastaʿidh bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni [د، س، ي] wa-min fitnatihi [س].

Or let him say, “I believe in Allah and His Messenger” [م], and, “Allah is One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, and none is comparable to Him.” Then let him spit lightly to his left three times and seek refuge in Allah from Satan [د، س، ي] and from Satan's temptation [س].

وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْوَسْوَسَةُ فِي الْأَعْمَالِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ شَيْطَانٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: «خِنْزَبٌ»، فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنْهُ، وَلْيَتْفُلْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ ثَلَاثًا [م، مص].

wa-ʾin kānati al-waswasatu fī al-ʾaʿmāli fa-ʾinna dhālika shayṭānun yuqālu lahu: «khinzabun», fa-lyataʿawwadh bi-llāhi minhu, wa-lyatful ʿan yasārihi thalāthan [م، مص].

If the whispering occurs during acts of worship, it is from a devil called Khinzab. Let him seek refuge in Allah from him and spit lightly to his left three times [م، مص].

وَمَنْ غَضِبَ فَقَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ. ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ مَا يَجِدُ [خ، م، د، س].

wa-man ghaḍiba fa-qāla: ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi mina al-shayṭāni al-rajīmi. dhahaba ʿanhu mā yajidu [خ، م، د، س].

If someone becomes angry and says, “I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the accursed,” what he feels will leave him [خ، م، د، س].

وَمَنْ كَانَ حَادَّ اللِّسَانِ، فَاحِشَهُ، لَازَمَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ، لِحَدِيثِ: شَكَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَرَبَ لِسَانِي (١) فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ، إِنِّي لَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [س، ق، مس، مص، ي].

wa-man kāna ḥādda al-lisāni, fāḥishahu, lāzama al-istighfāra, liḥadīthi: shakawtu ʾilā rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam dharaba lisānī (1) fa-qāla: «ʾayna ʾanta mina al-istighfāri, ʾinnī li-ʾastaghfiru Allāha fī kulli yawmin miʾata marratin» [س، ق، مس، مص، ي].

Whoever has a sharp and foul tongue should persist in seeking forgiveness, because of the hadith: “I complained to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about the foulness of my tongue (1), and he said, ‘Why do you not seek forgiveness? Indeed, I seek Allah's forgiveness one hundred times every day’” [س، ق، مس، مص، ي].

وَمَنْ انْتَهَى إِلَى مَجْلِسٍ:

wa-man intahā ʾilā majlisin:

When someone comes to a gathering:

فَلْيُسَلِّمْ، فَإِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فَلْيَجْلِسْ، ثُمَّ إِذَا قَامَ فَلْيُسَلِّمْ [د، ت، س].

fa-lyusallim, fa-ʾin badā lahu ʾan yajlisa fa-lyajlis, thumma ʾidhā qāma fa-lyusallim [د، ت، س].

Let him offer greetings. If he wishes to sit, let him sit; then, when he rises to leave, let him offer greetings again [د، ت، س].

(١) الذَّرَبُ هُوَ فُحْشُ اللِّسَانِ.

(1) al-dharabu huwa fuḥshu al-lisāni.

(1) Dharab means foulness of the tongue.

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وَكَفَّارَةُ الْمَجْلِسِ:

wa-kaffāratu al-majlisi:

The expiation for a gathering is:

أَنْ يَقُولَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُومَ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ» [س، ط]، «سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ، وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، ط، مص] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [د، حب].

ʾan yaqūla qabla ʾan yaqūma: «subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi» [س، ط], «subḥānaka Allāhumma wa-biḥamdika, ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, ʾastaghfiruka, wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayka» [د، ت، س، حب، مس، ط، مص] thalātha marrātin [د، حب].

Before rising, one should say, “Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him” [س، ط], and, “Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You. I bear witness that there is no deity but You. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You” [د، ت، س، حب، مس، ط، مص], three times [د، حب].

«عَمِلْتُ سُوءًا وَظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي، فَاغْفِرْ لِي، إِنَّهُ لَا يَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [س، مس].

«ʿamiltu sūʾan wa-ẓalamtu nafsī, fa-ighfir lī, ʾinnahu lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba ʾillā ʾanta» [س، مس].

“I have done wrong and wronged myself, so forgive me, for none forgives sins but You” [س، مس].

«مَا جَلَسَ قَوْمٌ مَجْلِسًا لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلُّوا عَلَى نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ، إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ تِرَةٌ (١)، فَإِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُمْ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُمْ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

«mā jalasa qawmun majlisan lam yadhkurū Allāha fīhi, wa-lam yuṣallū ʿalā nabiyyihim ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, ʾillā kāna ʿalayhim tiratun (1), fa-ʾin shāʾa ʿadhdhabahum, wa-ʾin shāʾa ghafara lahum» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

“No people sit in a gathering in which they do not remember Allah or invoke blessings upon their Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) without incurring a loss (1). Then, if He wills, He will punish them, and if He wills, He will forgive them” [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

وَمَنْ دَخَلَ السَّوقَ فَقَالَ:

wa-man dakhala al-sawqa fa-qāla:

Whoever enters the marketplace and says:

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ.

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, yuḥyī wa-yumītu, wa-huwa ḥayyun lā yamūtu, biyadihi al-khayru, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun.

“There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner. His is the dominion and His is all praise. He gives life and causes death, and He is the Ever-Living who never dies. All good is in His hand, and He has power over all things.

كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ، وَمَحَا عَنْهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ سَيِّئَةٍ، وَرَفَعَ لَهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دَرَجَةٍ» [ت، ق، أ، مس، ي]، «وَبَنَى لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ» [ت، ي].

kataba Allāhu lahu ʾalfa ʾalfi ḥasanatin, wa-maḥā ʿanhu ʾalfa ʾalfi sayyiʾatin, wa-rafaʿa lahu ʾalfa ʾalfi darajatin» [ت، ق، أ، مس، ي], «wa-banā lahu baytan fī al-jannati» [ت، ي].

Allah will record for him one million good deeds, erase from him one million bad deeds, and raise him one million degrees” [ت، ق، أ، مس، ي], “and build him a house in Paradise” [ت، ي].

وَإِذَا دَخَلَهُ، أَوْ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā dakhalahu, ʾaw rajaʿa ʾilayhi qāla:

When he enters it, or returns to it, he should say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذِهِ السُّوقِ، وَخَيْرَ مَا فِيهَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا، وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أُصِيبَ فِيهَا يَمِينًا فَاجِرَةً، أَوْ صَفْقَةً خَاسِرَةً» (٢) [مس، ي].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayra hādhihi al-sūqi, wa-khayra mā fīhā, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharrihā, wa-sharri mā fīhā, Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾuṣība fīhā yamīnan fājiratan, ʾaw ṣafqatan khāsiratan» (2) [مس، ي].

“In the name of Allah. O Allah, I ask You for the good of this marketplace and the good within it, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil within it. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from swearing a false oath in it or making a losing bargain” (2) [مس، ي].

«يَا مَعَاشِرَ التُّجَّارِ، أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِذَا رَجَعَ مِنْ سُوقِهِ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ، فَيَكْتُبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ آيَةٍ حَسَنَةً؟» [ط].

«yā maʿāshira al-tujjāri, ʾayaʿjizu ʾaḥadukum ʾidhā rajaʿa min sūqihi ʾan yaqraʾa ʿashra ʾāyātin, fa-yaktuba Allāhu lahu bikulli ʾāyatin ḥasanatan?» [ط].

“O company of merchants, is any one of you unable, upon returning from the marketplace, to recite ten verses so that Allah records a good deed for him for every verse?” [ط].

وَإِذَا رَأَى بَاكُورَةَ ثَمَرٍ (٣):

wa-ʾidhā raʾā bākūrata thamarin (3):

When he sees the first fruit of the season (3):

«اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي ثَمَرِنَا، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مَدِينَتِنَا، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي

«Allāhumma bārik lanā fī thamarinā, wa-bārik lanā fī madīnatinā, wa-bārik lanā fī

“O Allah, bless our fruit for us, bless our city for us, and bless our

(١) تِرَةٌ: نَقْصٌ أَوْ حَسْرَةٌ.

(1) tiratun: naqṣun ʾaw ḥasratun.

(1) Tirah means loss or regret.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: أَنْ أُصِيبَ فِيهَا يَمِينًا فَاجِرَةً: إِنَّمَا اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ الْأَسْوَاقَ مَظِنَّةُ الْأَيْمَانِ الْفَاجِرَةِ وَتَنْفِيقِ السِّلَعِ الْمَعْرُوضَةِ لِلْبَيْعِ وَمَظِنَّةُ التَّغَابُنِ، وَالْمَغْبُونُ صَفْقَتُهُ خَاسِرَةٌ.

(2) qawluhu: ʾan ʾuṣība fīhā yamīnan fājiratan: ʾinnamā istaʿādha min dhālika liʾanna al-ʾaswāqa maẓinnatu al-ʾaymāni al-fājirati wa-tanfīqi al-silaʿi al-maʿrūḍati li-l-bayʿi wa-maẓinnatu al-taghābuni, wa-l-maghbūnu ṣafqatuhu khāsiratun.

(2) His words, “from committing a sinful oath in it”: he sought refuge from this because marketplaces are places where sinful oaths are likely to be made, goods offered for sale are promoted, and people are likely to be cheated. A person who is cheated has made a losing bargain.

(٣) بَاكُورَةُ ثَمَرٍ: هِيَ أَوَّلُ الْفَاكِهَةِ.

(3) bākūratu thamarin: hiya ʾawwalu al-fākihati.

(3) The first fruit means the earliest fruit of the season.

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صَاعِنَا، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي مُدِّنَا» (١) [م، ت، س، ق].

ṣāʿinā, wa-bārik lanā fī muddinā» (1) [م، ت، س، ق].

ṣāʿ and bless our mudd for us” (1) [م، ت، س، ق].

فَإِذَا أُتِيَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ: دَعَا أَصْغَرَ وَلِيدٍ حَاضِرٍ فَيُعْطِيهِ ذَلِكَ [م، ت، س، ق].

fa-ʾidhā ʾutiya bishayʾin minhu: daʿā ʾaṣghara walīdin ḥāḍirin fa-yuʿṭīhi dhālika [م، ت، س، ق].

When some of it was brought to him, he would call the youngest child present and give it to that child [م، ت، س، ق].

وَمَنْ رَأَى مُبْتَلَى فَقَالَ:

wa-man raʾā mubtalā fa-qāla:

Whoever sees someone afflicted and says:

«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي عَافَانِي مِمَّا ابْتَلَاكَ بِهِ، وَفَضَّلَنِي عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ تَفْضِيلًا. لَمْ يُصِبْهُ ذَلِكَ الْبَلَاءُ» [ت، طس، ق]، يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فِي نَفْسِهِ [مو، ت].

«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi alladhī ʿāfānī mimmā ibtalāka bihi, wa-faḍḍalanī ʿalā kathīrin mimman khalaqa tafḍīlan. lam yuṣibhu dhālika al-balāʾu» [ت، طس، ق], yaqūlu dhālika fī nafsihi [مو، ت].

“All praise is due to Allah, who has spared me from what He has afflicted you with and has greatly favored me over many whom He created,” will not be struck by that affliction [ت، طس، ق]. He should say this quietly to himself [مو، ت].

وَإِذَا ضَاعَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ أَوْ أَبْقَ:

wa-ʾidhā ḍāʿa lahu shayʾun ʾaw ʾabqa:

When something belonging to him is lost or a slave runs away:

«اللَّهُمَّ رَادَّ الضَّالَّةِ، وَهَادِيَ الضَّلَالَةِ، أَنْتَ تَهْدِي مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ، ارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ ضَالَّتِي بِقُدْرَتِكَ وَسُلْطَانِكَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ عَطَائِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ» [ط].

«Allāhumma rādda al-ḍāllati, wa-hādiya al-ḍalālati, ʾanta tahdī mina al-ḍalālati, urdud ʿalayya ḍāllatī biqudratika wa-sulṭānika fa-ʾinnahā min ʿaṭāʾika wa-faḍlika» [ط].

“O Allah, Restorer of what is lost and Guide of those who stray, You guide out of error. Restore to me what I have lost by Your power and authority, for it is from Your gift and bounty” [ط].

أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ وَيُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَيَتَشَهَّدُ وَيَقُولُ:

ʾaw yatawaḍḍaʾu wa-yuṣallī rakʿatayni, wa-yatashahhadu wa-yaqūlu:

Or he should perform ablution, pray two units, recite the tashahhud, and say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، يَا هَادِيَ الضَّالِّ، وَرَادَّ الضَّالَّةِ، ارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ ضَالَّتِي بِعِزَّتِكَ وَسُلْطَانِكَ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ عَطَائِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ» [مو، مص].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, yā hādiya al-ḍālli, wa-rādda al-ḍāllati, urdud ʿalayya ḍāllatī biʿizzatika wa-sulṭānika, fa-ʾinnahā min ʿaṭāʾika wa-faḍlika» [مو، مص].

“In the name of Allah. O Guide of those who stray and Restorer of what is lost, restore to me what I have lost by Your might and authority, for it is from Your gift and bounty” [مو، مص].

وَلَا يَتَطَيَّرُ، فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ:

wa-lā yataṭayyaru, fa-ʾin faʿala fa-kaffāratuhu ʾan yaqūla:

He should not take evil omens. If he does, its expiation is to say:

«اللَّهُمَّ لَا خَيْرَ إِلَّا خَيْرُكَ، وَلَا طَيْرَ إِلَّا طَيْرُكَ، وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ» [أ، ط].

«Allāhumma lā khayra ʾillā khayruka, wa-lā ṭayra ʾillā ṭayruka, wa-lā ʾilāha ghayruka» [أ، ط].

“O Allah, there is no good except Your good, no omen except Your omen, and no deity besides You” [أ، ط].

«إِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنَ الطِّيَرَةِ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ لَا يَأْتِي بِالْحَسَنَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَلَا يَذْهَبُ بِالسَّيِّئَاتِ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [د، مص].

«ʾidhā raʾaytum mina al-ṭiyarati shayʾan takrahūnahu fa-qūlū: Allāhumma lā yaʾtī bi-l-ḥasanāti ʾillā ʾanta, wa-lā yadhhabu bi-l-sayyiʾāti ʾillā ʾanta, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [د، مص].

“When you see an omen that you dislike, say, ‘O Allah, none brings good things but You, none removes bad things but You, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah’” [د، مص].

وَمَنْ أُصِيبَ بِعَيْنٍ رُقِيَ بِقَوْلِهِ:

wa-man ʾuṣība biʿaynin ruqiya biqawlihi:

Whoever is afflicted by the evil eye should be treated with the incantation:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبْ حَرَّهَا، وَبَرْدَهَا، وَوَصَبْهَا» (٢) ثُمَّ قَالَ: قُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ [س، ق، مس، ط].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, Allāhumma ʾadhhib ḥarrahā, wa-bardahā, wa-waṣabhā» (2) thumma qāla: qum bi-ʾidhni Allāhi [س، ق، مس، ط].

“In the name of Allah. O Allah, remove its heat, its cold, and its persistent pain” (2). Then he should say, “Rise by Allah's permission” [س، ق، مس، ط].

وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دَابَّةً، نَفَثَ فِي مِنْخَرِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ أَرْبَعًا، وَفِي الْأَيْسَرِ ثَلَاثًا، وَقَالَ:

wa-ʾin kānat dābbatan, nafatha fī minkharihi al-ʾaymani ʾarbaʿan, wa-fī al-ʾaysari thalāthan, wa-qāla:

If the afflicted one is an animal, he should blow four times into its right nostril and three times into its left, and say:

«لَا بَأْسَ، أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، اشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا يَكْشِفُ الضُّرَّ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [مو، مص].

«lā baʾsa, ʾadhhibi al-baʾsa rabba al-nāsi, ishfi ʾanta al-shāfī, lā yakshifu al-ḍurra ʾillā ʾanta» [مو، مص].

“There is no harm. Remove the harm, Lord of humankind. Heal; You are the Healer. None removes suffering but You” [مو، مص].

(١) الصَّاعُ وَالْمَدُّ: مِكْيَالٌ يُوزَنُ بِهِ.

(1) al-ṣāʿu wa-l-maddu: mikyālun yūzanu bihi.

(1) The ṣāʿ and the mudd are measures of capacity.

(٢) قَوْلُهُ: وَوَصَبُهَا: الْوَصَبُ دَوَامُ الْوَجَعِ وَلُزُومُهُ، وَقِيلَ التَّعَبُ مُطْلَقًا.

(2) qawluhu: wa-waṣabuhā: al-waṣabu dawāmu al-wajaʿi wa-luzūmuhu, wa-qīla al-taʿabu muṭlaqan.

(2) His words “its persistent pain”: waṣab means pain that continues and remains; it is also said to mean fatigue in general.

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وَإِنْ أُصِيبَ أَحَدٌ بِلَمَمٍ (١) مِنْ جِنٍّ:

wa-ʾin ʾuṣība ʾaḥadun bilamamin (1) min jinnin:

If someone is afflicted by a touch of madness (1) from a jinn:

وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَعَوَّذَهُ بِالْفَاتِحَةِ، وَإِلَى ﴿الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٥]، وَ﴿وَإِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ...﴾ الْآيَةُ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٦٣]، وَآيَةِ الْكُرْسِيِّ، وَ﴿لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ...﴾ إِلَى آخِرِ «الْبَقَرَةِ» [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٨٤–٢٨٦]،

waḍaʿahu bayna yadayhi, wa-ʿawwadhahu bi-l-fātiḥati, wa-ʾilā ﴿al-mufliḥūna﴾ [al-baqarati: 5], wa-﴿wa-ʾilāhukum ʾilāhun wāḥidun...﴾ al-ʾāyatu [al-baqarati: 163], wa-ʾāyati al-kursiyyi, wa-﴿li-llāhi mā fī al-samāwāti wa-mā fī al-ʾarḍi...﴾ ʾilā ʾākhiri «al-baqarati» [al-baqarati: 284–286],

He should place the afflicted person before him and seek protection for him by reciting the Opening chapter through “the successful” [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٥]; the verse beginning, “Your God is One God ...” [الْبَقَرَةِ: ١٦٣]; the Throne Verse; and from “To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth ...” to the end of al-Baqarah [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٢٨٤–٢٨٦];

وَ﴿شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ﴾ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٨] الْآيَةُ، وَ﴿إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ ...﴾ الْآيَةُ [الْأَعْرَافِ: ٥٤]، وَ﴿فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ ...﴾ [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: ١١٦] إِلَى آخِرِ «الْمُؤْمِنُونَ»،

wa-﴿shahida Allāhu ʾannahu lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa﴾ [ʾāli ʿimrāna: 18] al-ʾāyatu, wa-﴿ʾinna rabbakumu Allāhu...﴾ al-ʾāyatu [al-ʾaʿrāfi: 54], wa-﴿fa-taʿālā Allāhu...﴾ [al-muʾminūna: 116] ʾilā ʾākhiri «al-muʾminūna»,

and the verse, “Allah bears witness that there is no deity but Him” [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٨]; the verse beginning, “Indeed, your Lord is Allah ...” [الْأَعْرَافِ: ٥٤]; and from “Exalted is Allah ...” [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: ١١٦] to the end of al-Mu'minun;

وَعَشْرٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ «الصَّافَّاتِ» إِلَى ﴿لَازِبٍ﴾، وَثَلَاثٍ مِنْ آخِرِ «الْحَشْرِ»، وَ﴿وَأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى ...﴾ الْآيَةُ [الْجِنِّ: ٣]، وَ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾، وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ [م، س، ق، أ].

wa-ʿashrin min ʾawwali «al-ṣāffāti» ʾilā ﴿lāzibin﴾, wa-thalāthin min ʾākhiri «al-ḥashri», wa-﴿wa-ʾannahu taʿālā...﴾ al-ʾāyatu [al-jinni: 3], wa-﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾, wa-l-muʿawwidhatayni [م، س، ق، أ].

and the first ten verses of al-Saffat through “clinging clay”; the final three verses of al-Hashr; the verse beginning, “Exalted is the majesty of our Lord ...” [الْجِنِّ: ٣]; “Say: He is Allah, One”; and the two chapters of refuge [م، س، ق، أ].

وَيَرْقِي الْمَعْتُوهَ (٢):

wa-yarqī al-maʿtūha (2):

For a mentally afflicted person (2), he should recite as an incantation:

بِالْفَاتِحَةِ، ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، غُدْوَةً وَعَشِيَّةً، كُلَّمَا خَتَمَهَا، جَمَعَ بُزَاقَهُ ثُمَّ تَفَلَهُ [د، س].

bi-l-fātiḥati, thalāthata ʾayyāmin, ghudwatan wa-ʿashiyyatan, kullamā khatamahā, jamaʿa buzāqahu thumma tafalahu [د، س].

The Opening chapter for three days, morning and evening. Each time he finishes it, he should gather his saliva and then spit lightly [د، س].

وَيَرْقِي اللَّدِيغَ:

wa-yarqī al-ladīgha:

For someone who has been bitten or stung, he should recite as an incantation:

بِالْفَاتِحَةِ [ع]، سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت].

bi-l-fātiḥati [ع], sabʿa marrātin [ت].

The Opening chapter [ع], seven times [ت].

وَلَدَغَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَقْرَبٌ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ: «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْعَقْرَبَ، لَا تَدَعُ مُصَلِّيًا وَلَا غَيْرَهُ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِمَاءٍ وَمِلْحٍ، فَجَعَلَ يَمْسَحُ عَلَيْهَا، وَيَقْرَأُ: ﴿قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ﴾، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾، وَ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ﴾ [صط].

wa-ladaghati al-nabiyya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿaqrabun wa-huwa yuṣallī, fa-lammā faragha qāla: «laʿana Allāhu al-ʿaqraba, lā tadaʿu muṣalliyan wa-lā ghayrahu», thumma daʿā bimāʾin wa-milḥin, fa-jaʿala yamsaḥu ʿalayhā, wa-yaqraʾu: ﴿qul yā ʾayyuhā al-kāfirūna﴾, wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾, wa-﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-nāsi﴾ [صط].

A scorpion stung the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was praying. When he finished, he said, “May Allah curse the scorpion; it spares neither one who is praying nor anyone else.” He then called for water and salt, rubbed the affected place with them, and recited, “Say: O disbelievers,” “Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak,” and “Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of humankind” [صط].

عَرَضْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُقْيَةً مِنَ الْحُمَةِ (٣)، فَأَذِنَ لَنَا فِيهَا، وَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنْ مَوَاثِيقِ الْجِنِّ»: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، شَجَّةٌ قَرَنِيَّةٌ، مِلْحَةُ بَحْرٍ قِفْطًا (٤) [طس].

ʿaraḍnā ʿalā rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ruqyatan mina al-ḥumati (3), fa-ʾadhina lanā fīhā, wa-qāla: «ʾinnamā hiya min mawāthīqi al-jinni»: bi-ismi Allāhi, shajjatun qaraniyyatun, milḥatu baḥrin qifṭan (4) [طس].

We presented to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) an incantation against venom (3). He permitted us to use it and said, “It is one of the covenants of the jinn”: “In the name of Allah: shajjah qaraniyyah, salt of the sea, qifṭan” (4) [طس].

وَيَرْقِي الْمَحْرُوقَ بِقَوْلِهِ:

wa-yarqī al-maḥrūqa biqawlihi:

For someone who has been burned, he should recite:

«أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، اشْفِ أَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا شَافِيَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [س، أ].

«ʾadhhibi al-baʾsa rabba al-nāsi, ishfi ʾanta al-shāfī, lā shāfiya ʾillā ʾanta» [س، أ].

“Remove the harm, Lord of humankind. Heal; You are the Healer. There is no healer but You” [س، أ].

(١) هِيَ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ، تَلِمُّ بِالْإِنْسَانِ أَيْ تَقْرَبُ مِنْهُ، قَالَ الْهَرَوِيُّ: هُوَ طَرَفٌ مِنَ الْجُنُونِ يَلِمُّ بِالْإِنْسَانِ.

(1) hiya mina al-junūni, talimmu bi-l-ʾinsāni ʾay taqrabu minhu, qāla al-harawiyyu: huwa ṭarafun mina al-junūni yalimmu bi-l-ʾinsāni.

(1) This is a form of madness that comes upon a person—that is, draws near to him. Al-Harawi said: it is a touch of madness that comes upon a person.

(٢) الْمَعْتُوهُ: هُوَ الْمَجْنُونُ الْمُصَابُ بِعَقْلِهِ.

(2) al-maʿtūhu: huwa al-majnūnu al-muṣābu biʿaqlihi.

(2) A ma'tūh is a mentally afflicted person whose reason has been impaired.

(٣) الْحُمَةُ: السُّمُّ، وَقَدْ يُشَدَّدُ، وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى إِبْرَةِ الْعَقْرَبِ لِلْمُجَاوِرَةِ لِأَنَّ السُّمَّ مِنْهَا يَخْرُجُ.

(3) al-ḥumatu: al-summu, wa-qad yushaddadu, wa-yuṭlaqu ʿalā ʾibrati al-ʿaqrabi li-l-mujāwirati liʾanna al-summa minhā yakhruju.

(3) Ḥumah means venom and may also be pronounced with a doubled consonant. By association, it is also used for a scorpion's stinger, because the venom comes from it.

(٤) ضَبَطَ الْمُصَنِّفُ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتِ فِي كِتَابِهِ مِفْتَاحِ الْحِصْنِ وَقَالَ: هِيَ كَلِمَاتٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ مَعْنَاهَا يُرْقَى بِهَا كَمَا وَرَدَ. وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيرِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رُقْيَةٌ مِنَ الْحُمَةِ،

(4) ḍabaṭa al-muṣannifu hādhihi al-kalimāti fī kitābihi miftāḥi al-ḥiṣni wa-qāla: hiya kalimātun lā yuʿrafu maʿnāhā yurqā bihā kamā warada. wa-ʾakhraja al-ṭabarāniyyu fī al-kabīri min ḥadīthi ʿabdi Allāhi bni masʿūdin qāla: dhukira ʿinda al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ruqyatun mina al-ḥumati,

(4) The author vocalized these words in his book Miftāḥ al-Ḥiṣn and said: “They are words whose meaning is unknown, and they are used as an incantation exactly as transmitted.” Al-Tabarani narrated in al-Kabir from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, who said: An incantation against venom was mentioned in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him),

فَقَالَ: أَعْرِضُوهَا عَلَيَّ، فَعَرَضُوهَا عَلَيْهِ: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ شَجَّةٌ قَرَنِيَّةٌ مِلْحَةُ بَحْرٍ قِفْطًا. فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ مَوَاثِيقُ أَخَذَهَا سُلَيْمَانُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى الْهَوَامِّ، لَا أَرَى بِهَا بَأْسًا.

fa-qāla: ʾaʿriḍūhā ʿalayya, fa-ʿaraḍūhā ʿalayhi: bi-ismi Allāhi shajjatun qaraniyyatun milḥatu baḥrin qifṭan. fa-qāla: hādhihi mawāthīqu ʾakhadhahā sulaymānu ʿalayhi al-salāmu ʿalā al-hawāmmi, lā ʾarā bihā baʾsan.

and he said, “Present it to me.” They recited before him: “In the name of Allah: shajjah qaraniyyah, salt of the sea, qifṭan.” He said, “These are covenants that Solomon (peace be upon him) took from harmful creatures. I see no harm in them.”

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وَإِذَا رَأَى الْحَرِيقَ:

wa-ʾidhā raʾā al-ḥarīqa:

When he sees a fire:

فَلْيُطْفِئْهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ [ص، ي]، مُجَرَّبٌ.

fa-lyuṭfiʾhu bi-l-takbīri [ص، ي], mujarrabun.

Let him extinguish it by saying the takbīr, “Allah is greatest” [ص، ي]. This has been tested by experience.

وَيَرْقِي مَنِ احْتَبَسَ بَوْلُهُ أَوْ أَصَابَتْهُ حَصَاةٌ أَوْ وَجَعٌ بِقَوْلِهِ:

wa-yarqī mani iḥtabasa bawluhu ʾaw ʾaṣābathu ḥaṣātun ʾaw wajaʿun biqawlihi:

For someone who is unable to urinate, or who is afflicted by a urinary stone or pain, he should recite as an incantation:

«رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي [د] فِي السَّمَاءِ، تَقَدَّسَ اسْمُكَ، أَمْرُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، كَمَا رَحْمَتُكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَاجْعَلْ رَحْمَتَكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ،

«rabbunā Allāhu alladhī [د] fī al-samāʾi, taqaddasa ismuka, ʾamruka fī al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi, kamā raḥmatuka fī al-samāʾi, fa-ijʿal raḥmataka fī al-ʾarḍi,

“Our Lord is Allah, who is in heaven [د]. Hallowed is Your name. Your command reigns in heaven and on earth. As Your mercy is in heaven, place Your mercy upon earth.

وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا حَوْبَنَا (١)، وَخَطَايَانَا، أَنْتَ رَبُّ الطَّيِّبِينَ، فَأَنْزِلْ شِفَاءً مِنْ شِفَائِكَ، وَرَحْمَةً مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ، عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجَعِ»، فَيَبْرَأُ [م، س].

wa-ighfir lanā ḥawbanā (1), wa-khaṭāyānā, ʾanta rabbu al-ṭayyibīna, fa-ʾanzil shifāʾan min shifāʾika, wa-raḥmatan min raḥmatika, ʿalā hādhā al-wajaʿi», fa-yabraʾu [م، س].

Forgive us our sins (1) and our errors. You are the Lord of those who are pure. Send down healing from Your healing and mercy from Your mercy upon this pain,” and he will recover [م، س].

وَيُدَاوِي مَنْ بِهِ قُرْحَةٌ أَوْ جُرْحٌ:

wa-yudāwī man bihi qurḥatun ʾaw jurḥun:

Someone with an ulcer or wound should be treated:

بِأَنْ يَضَعَ إِصْبَعَهُ السَّبَّابَةَ بِالْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعَهَا قَائِلًا (٢):

bi-ʾan yaḍaʿa ʾiṣbaʿahu al-sabbābata bi-l-ʾarḍi, thumma yarfaʿahā qāʾilan (2):

by placing the index finger on the ground, then raising it while saying (2):

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، تُرْبَةُ أَرْضِنَا، بِرِيقَةِ بَعْضِنَا، يُشْفَى سَقِيمُهَا».

«bi-ismi Allāhi, turbatu ʾarḍinā, birīqati baʿḍinā, yushfā saqīmuhā».

“In the name of Allah. With the soil of our land and the saliva of one of us, our sick person is healed.”

أَوْ: لِيُشْفَى سَقِيمُهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّنَا [م].

ʾaw: liyushfā saqīmuhā bi-ʾidhni rabbinā [م].

Or: “So that the sick among us may be healed by our Lord's permission” [م].

وَإِذَا خَدِرَتْ رِجْلُهُ:

wa-ʾidhā khadirat rijluhu:

When his leg becomes numb:

فَلْيَذْكُرْ أَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ [مو، ي].

fa-lyadhkur ʾaḥabba al-nāsi ʾilayhi [مو، ي].

Let him mention the person dearest to him [مو، ي].

وَمَنْ اشْتَكَى أَلَمًا، أَوْ شَيْئًا فِي جَسَدِهِ:

wa-man ishtakā ʾalaman, ʾaw shayʾan fī jasadihi:

Whoever complains of pain or some ailment in his body:

فَلْيَضَعْ يَدَهُ (الْيُمْنَى) [مص] عَلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يَأْلَمُ، وَلْيَقُلْ: «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَيَقُلْ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ وَأُحَاذِرُ» [م، عه].

fa-lyaḍaʿ yadahu (al-yumnā) [مص] ʿalā al-makāni alladhī yaʾlamu, wa-lyaqul: «bi-ismi Allāhi» thalātha marrātin, wa-yaqul sabʿa marrātin: «ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi wa-qudratihi min sharri mā ʾajidu wa-ʾuḥādhiru» [م، عه].

Let him place his right hand [مص] on the place that hurts, say “In the name of Allah” three times, and then say seven times, “I seek refuge in Allah and His power from the evil of what I feel and fear” [م، عه].

أَوْ: «أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ» سَبْعًا [طا، مص].

ʾaw: «ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzati Allāhi wa-qudratihi min sharri mā ʾajidu» sabʿan [طا، مص].

Or he should say seven times, “I seek refuge in Allah's might and power from the evil of what I feel” [طا، مص].

أَوْ: «أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ»، سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، يَدُهُ تَحْتَ أَلَمِهِ [أ، ط].

ʾaw: «ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzati Allāhi wa-qudratihi ʿalā kulli shayʾin min sharri mā ʾajidu», sabʿa marrātin, yaduhu taḥta ʾalamihi [أ، ط].

Or he should say seven times, “I seek refuge in Allah's might and His power over all things from the evil of what I feel,” keeping his hand beneath the place of pain [أ، ط].

(١) هُوَ الْإِثْمُ.

(1) huwa al-ʾithmu.

(1) It means sin.

(٢) مَعْنَى الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ مِنْ رِيقِ نَفْسِهِ عَلَى إِصْبَعَهُ السَّبَّابَةَ وَوَضَعَهَا عَلَى التُّرَابِ يَعْلَقُ بِهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ، فَمَسَحَ بِهَا عَلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الْعَلِيلِ أَوْ الْجُرْحِ قَائِلًا: ...

(2) maʿnā al-ḥadīthi: ʾannahu ʾakhadha min rīqi nafsihi ʿalā ʾiṣbaʿahu al-sabbābata wa-waḍaʿahā ʿalā al-turābi yaʿlaqu bihā shayʾun minhu, fa-masaḥa bihā ʿalā al-mawḍiʿi al-ʿalīli ʾaw al-jurḥi qāʾilan:...

(2) The hadith means that he put some of his saliva on his index finger and placed it on the soil so that some of it adhered to the finger. He then rubbed it over the afflicted place or wound while saying: ...

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أَوْ «بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ مِنْ وَجَعِي هَذَا» وِتْرًا، ثُمَّ يَرْفَعُ يَدَهُ، ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهَا [ت].

ʾaw «bi-ismi Allāhi, ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzati Allāhi wa-qudratihi min sharri mā ʾajidu min wajaʿī hādhā» witran, thumma yarfaʿu yadahu, thumma yuʿīduhā [ت].

Or he should say an odd number of times, “In the name of Allah. I seek refuge in Allah's might and power from the evil of what I feel from this pain of mine.” He then lifts his hand and places it back again [ت].

أَوْ: يَقْرَأُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْمُعَوِّذَاتِ، وَيَنْفُثُ [خ، م، د، س، ق].

ʾaw: yaqraʾu ʿalā nafsihi bi-l-muʿawwidhāti, wa-yanfuthu [خ، م، د، س، ق].

Or he should recite the chapters of refuge over himself and blow lightly [خ، م، د، س، ق].

وَمَنْ أَصَابَهُ رَمَدٌ:

wa-man ʾaṣābahu ramadun:

Whoever is afflicted with inflammation of the eyes should say:

«اللَّهُمَّ أَمْتِعْنِي بِبَصَرِي، وَاجْعَلْهُ الْوَارِثَ مِنِّي، وَأَرِنِي فِي الْعَدُوِّ ثَأْرِي، وَانْصُرْنِي عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَنِي» [مس، ي].

«Allāhumma ʾamtiʿnī bibaṣarī, wa-ijʿalhu al-wāritha minnī, wa-ʾarinī fī al-ʿaduwwi thaʾrī, wa-unṣurnī ʿalā man ẓalamanī» [مس، ي].

“O Allah, preserve my enjoyment of my sight and make it the last of my faculties to remain. Let me see my vengeance upon the enemy, and grant me victory over whoever wrongs me” [مس، ي].

وَمَنْ حَصَلَتْ لَهُ حُمَّى يَقُولُ:

wa-man ḥaṣalat lahu ḥummā yaqūlu:

Whoever develops a fever should say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ الْكَبِيرِ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ، مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ عِرْقٍ نَعَّارٍ (١)، وَمِنْ شَرِّ حُرِّ النَّارِ» [مس، مص].

«bi-ismi Allāhi al-kabīri, ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi al-ʿaẓīmi, min sharri kulli ʿirqin naʿʿārin (1), wa-min sharri ḥurri al-nāri» [مس، مص].

“In the name of Allah, the Most Great. I seek refuge in Allah, the Magnificent, from the evil of every vein that gushes blood (1) and from the evil of the heat of the Fire” [مس، مص].

وَإِنْ أَصَابَهُ ضُرٌّ وَسَئِمَ الْحَيَاةَ:

wa-ʾin ʾaṣābahu ḍurrun wa-saʾima al-ḥayāta:

If harm afflicts him and he becomes weary of life:

فَلَا يَتَمَنَّى الْمَوْتَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَا بُدَّ فَاعِلًا فَلْيَقُلْ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَحْيِنِي مَا كَانَتْ الْحَيَاةُ خَيْرًا لِي، وَتَوَفَّنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ الْوَفَاةُ خَيْرًا لِي» [خ، م، د، ي].

fa-lā yatamannā al-mawta, fa-ʾin kāna lā budda fāʿilan fa-lyaqul: «Allāhumma ʾaḥyinī mā kānat al-ḥayātu khayran lī, wa-tawaffanī ʾidhā kānat al-wafātu khayran lī» [خ، م، د، ي].

He must not wish for death. If he feels he cannot refrain, let him say, “O Allah, keep me alive as long as life is better for me, and cause me to die when death is better for me” [خ، م، د، ي].

وَإِذَا عَادَ مَرِيضًا قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā ʿāda marīḍan qāla:

When he visits a sick person, he should say:

«لَا بَأْسَ، طَهُورٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، لَا بَأْسَ، طَهُورٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ» [خ، س].

«lā baʾsa, ṭahūrun ʾin shāʾa Allāhu, lā baʾsa, ṭahūrun ʾin shāʾa Allāhu» [خ، س].

“No harm; it is purification, if Allah wills. No harm; it is purification, if Allah wills” [خ، س].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، تُرْبَةُ أَرْضِنَا، وَرِيقَةُ بَعْضِنَا، يُشْفَى سَقِيمُنَا» [خ، م، د، س، ق]، بِإِذْنِ رَبِّنَا [خ] بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ [خ].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, turbatu ʾarḍinā, wa-rīqatu baʿḍinā, yushfā saqīmunā» [خ، م، د، س، ق], bi-ʾidhni rabbinā [خ] bi-ʾidhni Allāhi [خ].

“In the name of Allah. The soil of our land and the saliva of one of us heal our sick” [خ، م، د، س، ق], “by our Lord's permission” [خ], “by Allah's permission” [خ].

وَيَمْسَحُ بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى، وَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبِ الْبَأْسَ رَبَّ النَّاسِ، اشْفِهِ، وَأَنْتَ الشَّافِي، لَا شِفَاءَ إِلَّا شَفَاؤُكَ، شِفَاءً لَا يُغَادِرُ سَقَمًا» [خ، م، س].

wa-yamsaḥu biyadihi al-yumnā, wa-yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ʾadhhibi al-baʾsa rabba al-nāsi, ishfihi, wa-ʾanta al-shāfī, lā shifāʾa ʾillā shafāʾuka, shifāʾan lā yughādiru saqaman» [خ، م، س].

He should wipe with his right hand and say, “O Allah, remove the harm, Lord of humankind. Heal him, for You are the Healer. There is no healing except Your healing—a healing that leaves no illness behind” [خ، م، س].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ، مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ يُؤْذِيكَ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ نَفْسٍ أَوْ عَيْنِ حَاسِدٍ، اللَّهُ يَشْفِيكَ، بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ» [م، ت، س، ق].

«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka, min kulli shayʾin yuʾdhīka, wa-min sharri kulli nafsin ʾaw ʿayni ḥāsidin, Allāhu yashfīka, bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka» [م، ت، س، ق].

“In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing from everything that harms you, from the evil of every soul or envious eye. May Allah heal you. In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing” [م، ت، س، ق].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ، وَاللَّهُ يَشْفِيكَ مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ فِيكَ، مِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَاثَاتِ فِي الْعَقْدِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ» [مس، مص] ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [مس].

«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka, wa-Allāhu yashfīka min kulli dāʾin fīka, min sharri al-nafāthāti fī al-ʿaqdi, wa-min sharri ḥāsidin ʾidhā ḥasada» [مس، مص] thalātha marrātin [مس].

“In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing. May Allah heal you of every ailment within you, from the evil of those who blow upon knots and from the evil of an envier when he envies” [مس، مص], three times [مس].

(١) يُقَالُ نَعَرَ الْعِرْقُ بِالدَّمِ؛ إِذَا عَلَا وَارْتَفَعَ، وَجُرْحٌ نَعَّارٌ وَنَعُورٌ؛ إِذَا تَصَوَّبَ دَمُهُ.

(1) yuqālu naʿara al-ʿirqu bi-l-dami; ʾidhā ʿalā wa-irtafaʿa, wa-jurḥun naʿʿārun wa-naʿūrun; ʾidhā taṣawwaba damuhu.

(1) It is said that a vein na'ara with blood when the blood rises and gushes. A wound is called na''ār or na'ūr when its blood spurts out.

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«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ أَرْقِيكَ، مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ يَشْفِيكَ، مِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ كُلِّ ذِي عَيْنٍ» [أ].

«bi-ismi Allāhi ʾarqīka, min kulli dāʾin yashfīka, min sharri kulli ḥāsidin ʾidhā ḥasada, wa-min sharri kulli dhī ʿaynin» [أ].

“In the name of Allah, I recite over you for healing. From every illness may He heal you; from the evil of every envier when he envies; and from the evil of everyone with an evil eye” [أ].

«اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِ عَبْدَكَ، يَنْكَأْ لَكَ عَدُوًّا (١)، وَيَمْشِي لَكَ إِلَى جَنَازَةٍ» [د، حب، مس].

«Allāhumma ishfi ʿabdaka, yankaʾ laka ʿaduwwan (1), wa-yamshī laka ʾilā janāzatin» [د، حب، مس].

“O Allah, heal Your servant, so that he may wound an enemy for Your sake (1) and walk to a funeral for Your sake” [د، حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ عَافِهِ» [مس، ت، حب]، «اللَّهُمَّ اشْفِهِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنْهُ» [مس].

«Allāhumma ishfihi, Allāhumma ʿāfihi» [مس، ت، حب], «Allāhumma ishfihi, Allāhumma ʾaʿinhu» [مس].

“O Allah, heal him. O Allah, grant him well-being” [مس، ت، حب]; or, “O Allah, heal him. O Allah, help him” [مس].

«يَا فُلَانُ، شَفَى اللَّهُ سَقَمَكَ، وَغَفَرَ ذَنْبَكَ، وَعَافَاكَ فِي دِينِكَ وَجِسْمِكَ، إِلَى مُدَّةِ أَجَلِكَ» [مس].

«yā fulānu, shafā Allāhu saqamaka, wa-ghafara dhanbaka, wa-ʿāfāka fī dīnika wa-jismika, ʾilā muddati ʾajalika» [مس].

“O so-and-so, may Allah heal your illness, forgive your sin, and grant you well-being in your religion and body until the end of your appointed term” [مس].

وَمَنْ عَادَ مَرِيضًا لَمْ يَحْضُرْ أَجَلُهُ، فَقَالَ عِنْدَهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: «أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَظِيمَ، رَبَّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، أَنْ يَشْفِيكَ» إِلَّا عَافَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَرَضِ [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

wa-man ʿāda marīḍan lam yaḥḍur ʾajaluhu, fa-qāla ʿindahu sabʿa marrātin: «ʾasʾalu Allāha al-ʿaẓīma, rabba al-ʿarshi al-ʿaẓīmi, ʾan yashfīka» ʾillā ʿāfāhu Allāhu min dhālika al-maraḍi [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

If someone visits a sick person whose appointed time has not come and says seven times in his presence, “I ask Allah the Magnificent, Lord of the Magnificent Throne, to heal you,” Allah will heal that person of the illness [د، ت، س، حب، مس، مص].

وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فُلَانًا شَاكٍ، فَقَالَ: أَيَسُرُّكَ أَنْ يَبْرَأَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: قُلْ: يَا حَلِيمُ، يَا كَرِيمُ، اشْفِ فُلَانًا. فَإِنَّهُ يَبْرَأُ [مو، مص].

wa-jāʾa rajulun ʾilā ʿaliyyin fa-qāla: ʾinna fulānan shākin, fa-qāla: ʾayasurruka ʾan yabraʾa? qāla: naʿam. qāla: qul: yā ḥalīmu, yā karīmu, ishfi fulānan. fa-ʾinnahu yabraʾu [مو، مص].

A man came to Ali and said, “So-and-so is ill.” Ali asked, “Would it please you if he recovered?” He replied, “Yes.” Ali said, “Say: O Forbearing One, O Generous One, heal so-and-so. He will then recover” [مو، مص].

وَ«أَيُّمَا مُسْلِمٍ دَعَا بِقَوْلِهِ: ﴿لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: ٨٧] أَرْبَعِينَ مَرَّةً، فَمَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ، أُعْطِيَ أَجْرَ شَهِيدٍ، وَإِنْ بَرَأَ بَرَأَ وَقَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ جَمِيعُ ذُنُوبِهِ» [مس].

wa-«ʾayyumā muslimin daʿā biqawlihi: ﴿lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta subḥānaka ʾinnī kuntu mina al-ẓālimīna﴾ [al-ʾanbiyāʾi: 87] ʾarbaʿīna marratan, fa-māta fī maraḍihi dhālika, ʾuʿṭiya ʾajra shahīdin, wa-ʾin baraʾa baraʾa wa-qad ghufira lahu jamīʿu dhunūbihi» [مس].

“Any Muslim who supplicates with the words, ‘There is no deity but You. Glory be to You; I have indeed been among the wrongdoers’ [الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: ٨٧], forty times and then dies during that illness will be given the reward of a martyr. If he recovers, he will recover with all his sins forgiven” [مس].

وَمَنْ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ،

wa-man qāla fī maraḍihi: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, lā sharīka lahu,

Whoever says during his illness, “There is no deity but Allah, and Allah is the Greatest. There is no deity but Allah alone. There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner.

لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ»، ثُمَّ مَاتَ لَمْ تَطْعَمْهُ النَّارُ [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].

lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi», thumma māta lam taṭʿamhu al-nāru [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].

There is no deity but Allah; His is the dominion and His is all praise. There is no deity but Allah, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah,” and then dies, the Fire will not consume him [ت، س، ق، حب، مس].

«مَنْ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ الشَّهَادَةَ بِصِدْقٍ بَلَّغَهُ اللَّهُ مَنَازِلَ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَإِنْ مَاتَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ» [م، عه].

«man saʾala Allāha al-shahādata biṣidqin ballaghahu Allāhu manāzila al-shuhadāʾi, wa-ʾin māta ʿalā firāshihi» [م، عه].

“Whoever sincerely asks Allah for martyrdom, Allah will bring him to the stations of the martyrs even if he dies in his bed” [م، عه].

«مَنْ طَلَبَ الشَّهَادَةَ صَادِقًا أُعْطِيَهَا، وَلَوْ لَمْ تُصِبْهُ» [م].

«man ṭalaba al-shahādata ṣādiqan ʾuʿṭiyahā, wa-law lam tuṣibhu» [م].

“Whoever sincerely seeks martyrdom will be granted it, even if it does not befall him” [م].

«مَنْ قَاتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فُوَاقَ نَاقَةٍ (٢) فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَمَنْ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ الْقَتْلَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ صَادِقًا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ، كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرُ شَهِيدٍ» [عو].

«man qātala fī sabīli Allāhi fuwāqa nāqatin (2) fa-qad wajabat lahu al-jannatu, wa-man saʾala Allāha al-qatla min nafsihi ṣādiqan, thumma māta ʾaw qutila, kāna lahu ʾajru shahīdin» [عو].

“Whoever fights in the path of Allah for the interval between two milkings of a she-camel (2) has earned Paradise. Whoever sincerely asks Allah to be slain in His path, then dies or is killed, will have the reward of a martyr” [عو].

(١) يُقَالُ نَكَأَ فِي الْعَدُوِّ: إِذَا أَكْثَرْتَ فِيهِمُ الْجُرُوحَ وَالْقَتْلَ فَوَهِنُوا لِذَلِكَ.

(1) yuqālu nakaʾa fī al-ʿaduwwi: ʾidhā ʾaktharta fīhimu al-jurūḥa wa-l-qatla fa-wahinū li-dhālika.

(1) One says naka'a fi al-'aduww when one inflicts so many wounds and deaths upon the enemy that they are weakened by them.

(٢) مِقْدَارُ مَا بَيْنَ الْحَلَبَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ حَلَبِ النَّاقَةِ.

(2) miqdāru mā bayna al-ḥalabatayni ʿinda ḥalabi al-nāqati.

(2) The length of time between two successive milkings of a she-camel.

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«اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي شَهَادَةً فِي سَبِيلِكَ، وَاجْعَلْ مَوْتِي بِبَلَدِ رَسُولِكَ» [خ].

«Allāhumma urzuqnī shahādatan fī sabīlika, wa-ijʿal mawtī bibaladi rasūlika» [خ].

“O Allah, grant me martyrdom in Your path, and cause me to die in the city of Your Messenger” [خ].

فَإِذَا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ:

fa-ʾidhā ḥaḍarahu al-mawtu:

When death approaches him:

وُجِّهَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ [مس]، وَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَأَلْحِقْنِي بِالرَّفِيقِ الْأَعْلَى» [خ، م، ت].

wujjiha ʾilā al-qiblati [مس], wa-yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ʾalḥiqnī bi-l-rafīqi al-ʾaʿlā» [خ، م، ت].

He should be turned toward the direction of prayer [مس], and he should say, “O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, and join me with the Highest Companion” [خ، م، ت].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، إِنَّ لِلْمَوْتِ سَكَرَاتٍ» [خ، س، ق].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, ʾinna li-l-mawti sakarātin» [خ، س، ق].

“There is no deity but Allah. Death truly has agonies” [خ، س، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ (١)، وَسَكَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ» [ت].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿinnī ʿalā ghamarāti al-mawti (1), wa-sakarāti al-mawti» [ت].

“O Allah, help me through the overwhelming hardships of death (1) and the agonies of death” [ت].

«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إِنَّ عَبْدِيَ الْمُؤْمِنَ عِنْدِي بِمَنْزِلَةِ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ، يَحْمَدُنِي وَأَنَا أَنْزِعُ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ جَنْبَيْهِ» [أ].

«yaqūlu Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla: ʾinna ʿabdiya al-muʾmina ʿindī bimanzilati kulli khayrin, yaḥmadunī wa-ʾanā ʾanziʿu nafsahu min bayni janbayhi» [أ].

“Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: My believing servant is in a state of complete goodness with Me; he praises Me even as I draw his soul from between his sides” [أ].

وَمَنْ حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ، فَلْيُلَقِّنْهُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ [م، عه].

wa-man ḥaḍara ʿindahu, fa-lyulaqqinhu: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu [م، عه].

Whoever is present with the dying person should prompt him to say, “There is no deity but Allah” [م، عه].

«مَنْ كَانَ آخِرُ كَلَامِهِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ» [د، مس].

«man kāna ʾākhiru kalāmihi: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu. dakhala al-jannata» [د، مس].

“Whoever's final words are ‘There is no deity but Allah’ will enter Paradise” [د، مس].

وَإِذَا غَمَّضَهُ:

wa-ʾidhā ghammaḍahu:

When he closes the deceased person's eyes:

دَعَا لِنَفْسِهِ بِخَيْرٍ، فَإِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ يُؤَمِّنُونَ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُ، فَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِفُلَانٍ، وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ فِي الْمَهْدِيِّينَ، وَاخْلُفْهُ فِي عَقِبِهِ فِي الْغَابِرِينَ، وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلَهُ يَا رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَافْسَحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَنَوِّرْ لَهُ فِيهِ» [م، د، س، ق].

daʿā linafsihi bikhayrin, fa-ʾinna al-malāʾikata yuʾamminūna ʿalā mā yaqūlu, fa-yaqūlu: «Allāhumma ighfir lifulānin, wa-irfaʿ darajatahu fī al-mahdiyyīna, wa-ukhlufhu fī ʿaqibihi fī al-ghābirīna, wa-ighfir lanā wa-lahu yā rabbi al-ʿālamīna, wa-ifsaḥ lahu fī qabrihi, wa-nawwir lahu fīhi» [م، د، س، ق].

He should make a good supplication for himself, for the angels say “Amen” to whatever he says. He should say, “O Allah, forgive so-and-so, raise his rank among the rightly guided, take his place in caring for the family he leaves behind, and forgive us and him, Lord of all worlds. Make his grave spacious and illuminate it for him” [م، د، س، ق].

وَلْيَقُلْ أَهْلُهُ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلَهُ، وَأَعْقِبْنِي مِنْهُ عُقْبَى حَسَنَةً» [م، عه].

wa-lyaqul ʾahluhu: «Allāhumma ighfir lī wa-lahu, wa-ʾaʿqibnī minhu ʿuqbā ḥasanatan» [م، عه].

His family should say, “O Allah, forgive me and him, and grant me good compensation for his loss” [م، عه].

وَلْيَقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةَ «يٰسٓ» [س، د، ق، حب، مس].

wa-lyaqraʾ ʿalayhi sūrata «Yā Sīn» [س، د، ق، حب، مس].

Let them recite the chapter Yā Sīn over him [س، د، ق، حب، مس].

وَيَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الْمُصِيبَةِ:

wa-yaqūlu ṣāḥibu al-muṣībati:

The person afflicted by a bereavement should say:

«إِنَّا لِلَّهِ، وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي، وَاخْلُفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا» [م].

«ʾinnā li-llāhi, wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūna, Allāhumma ʾjurnī fī muṣībatī, wa-ukhluf lī khayran minhā» [م].

“We belong to Allah, and to Him we shall return. O Allah, reward me in my affliction and replace it for me with something better” [م].

وَ«إِذَا مَاتَ وَلَدُ الْعَبْدِ قَالَ اللَّهُ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: قَبَضْتُمْ وَلَدَ عَبْدِي؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: نَعَمْ. فَيَقُولُ: مَاذَا قَالَ عَبْدِي؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: حَمِدَكَ وَاسْتَرْجَعَ. فَيَقُولُ: ابْنُوا لِعَبْدِي بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَسَمُّوهُ: بَيْتَ الْحَمْدِ» [ت، حب، ي].

wa-«ʾidhā māta waladu al-ʿabdi qāla Allāhu limalāʾikatihi: qabaḍtum walada ʿabdī? fa-yaqūlūna: naʿam. fa-yaqūlu: mādhā qāla ʿabdī? fa-yaqūlūna: ḥamidaka wa-istarjaʿa. fa-yaqūlu: ibnū liʿabdī baytan fī al-jannati, wa-sammūhu: bayta al-ḥamdi» [ت، حب، ي].

“When a servant's child dies, Allah asks His angels, ‘Have you taken the child of My servant?’ They reply, ‘Yes.’ He asks, ‘What did My servant say?’ They reply, ‘He praised You and said that he belongs to You and will return to You.’ Allah says, ‘Build for My servant a house in Paradise and name it the House of Praise’” [ت، حب، ي].

(١) غَمَرَاتُ جَمْعُ غَمْرَةٍ وَهِيَ الشِّدَّةُ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَعِنِّي عَلَى شَدَائِدِ الْمَوْتِ.

(1) ghamarātu jamʿu ghamratin wa-hiya al-shiddatu, wa-l-maʿnā ʾaʿinnī ʿalā shadāʾidi al-mawti.

(1) Ghamarāt is the plural of ghamrah, meaning hardship. The meaning is: help me through the hardships of death.

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فَإِذَا عَزَّى أَحَدًا:

fa-ʾidhā ʿazzā ʾaḥadan:

When offering condolences to someone:

يُسَلِّمُ وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا أَخَذَ، وَلِلَّهِ مَا أَعْطَى، وَكُلٌّ عِنْدَهُ بِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى، فَلْيَصْبِرْ وَلْيَحْتَسِبْ» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

yusallimu wa-yaqūlu: «ʾinna li-llāhi mā ʾakhadha, wa-li-llāhi mā ʾaʿṭā, wa-kullun ʿindahu biʾajalin musamman, fa-lyaṣbir wa-lyaḥtasib» [خ، م، د، س، ق].

He should offer greetings and say, “To Allah belongs what He has taken, and to Allah belongs what He has given. Everything with Him has an appointed term, so let him be patient and seek the reward from Allah” [خ، م، د، س، ق].

وَكَتَبَ ﷺ إِلَى مُعَاذٍ يُعَزِّيهِ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ إِلَيْكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ،

wa-kataba ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʾilā muʿādhin yuʿazzīhi fī ibnin lahu: «bismi Allāhi al-raḥmāni al-raḥīmi, min muḥammadin rasūli Allāhi ʾilā muʿādhi bni jabalin, salāmun ʿalayka, fa-ʾinnī ʾaḥmadu ʾilayka Allāha alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa, ʾammā baʿdu,

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote to Mu'adh to console him for the loss of a son: “In the name of Allah, the Universally Merciful, the Especially Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Mu'adh ibn Jabal. Peace be upon you. I praise before you Allah, besides whom there is no deity. To proceed:

فَأَعْظَمَ اللَّهُ لَكَ الْأَجْرَ، وَأَلْهَمَكَ الصَّبْرَ، وَرَزَقْنَا وَإِيَّاكَ الشُّكْرَ، فَإِنَّ أَنْفُسَنَا، وَأَمْوَالَنَا، وَأَهْلِينَا، وَأَوْلَادَنَا، مِنْ مَوَاهِبِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْهَنِيئَةِ، وَعَوَارِيهِ الْمُسْتَوْدَعَةِ،

fa-ʾaʿẓama Allāhu laka al-ʾajra, wa-ʾalhamaka al-ṣabra, wa-razaqnā wa-ʾiyyāka al-shukra, fa-ʾinna ʾanfusanā, wa-ʾamwālanā, wa-ʾahlīnā, wa-ʾawlādanā, min mawāhibi Allāhi ʿazza wa-jalla al-hanīʾati, wa-ʿawārīhi al-mustawdaʿati,

May Allah magnify your reward, inspire you with patience, and grant us and you gratitude. Our lives, our wealth, our families, and our children are among Allah's pleasant gifts and entrusted loans.

يُمَتِّعُ بِهَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْدُودٍ، وَيَقْبِضُهَا لِوَقْتٍ مَعْلُومٍ، ثُمَّ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْنَا الشُّكْرَ إِذَا أَعْطَى، وَالصَّبْرَ إِذَا ابْتَلَى، فَكَانَ ابْنُكَ مِنْ مَوَاهِبِ اللَّهِ الْهَنِيئَةِ، وَعَوَارِيهِ الْمُسْتَوْدَعَةِ، مَتَّعَكَ بِهِ فِي غِبْطَةٍ وَسُرُورٍ،

yumattiʿu bihā ʾilā ʾajalin maʿdūdin, wa-yaqbiḍuhā liwaqtin maʿlūmin, thumma iftaraḍa ʿalaynā al-shukra ʾidhā ʾaʿṭā, wa-l-ṣabra ʾidhā ibtalā, fa-kāna ibnuka min mawāhibi Allāhi al-hanīʾati, wa-ʿawārīhi al-mustawdaʿati, mattaʿaka bihi fī ghibṭatin wa-surūrin,

He lets us enjoy them until an appointed term and takes them at a known time. He has then obligated us to give thanks when He gives and to be patient when He tests us. Your son was one of Allah's pleasant gifts and entrusted loans. He allowed you to enjoy him in happiness and delight,

وَقَبَضَهُ مِنْكَ بِأَجْرٍ كَثِيرٍ، الصَّلَاةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ وَالْهُدَى إِنِ احْتَسَبْتَ، فَاصْبِرْ، وَلَا يُحْبِطْ جَزَعُكَ (١) أَجْرَكَ فَتَنْدَمَ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ الْجَزَعَ لَا يَرُدُّ شَيْئًا، وَلَا يَدْفَعُ حُزْنًا، وَمَا هُوَ نَازِلٌ فَكَانَ، وَالسَّلَامُ» [مس، مر].

wa-qabaḍahu minka bi-ʾajrin kathīrin, al-ṣalāti wa-l-raḥmati wa-l-hudā ʾini iḥtasabta, fa-iṣbir, wa-lā yuḥbiṭ jazaʿuka (1) ʾajraka fa-tandama, wa-iʿlam ʾanna al-jazaʿa lā yaruddu shayʾan, wa-lā yadfaʿu ḥuznan, wa-mā huwa nāzilun fa-kāna, wa-l-salāmu» [مس، مر].

and then took him from you in exchange for a great reward—blessings, mercy, and guidance—if you seek the reward from Allah. So be patient, and do not let your grief (1) nullify your reward and leave you regretful. Know that grief restores nothing and repels no sorrow. What was destined to happen has happened. Peace” [مس، مر].

وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ ﷺ عَزَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ: «السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، إِنَّ فِي اللَّهِ عَزَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ مُصِيبَةٍ، وَخَلَفًا مِنْ كُلِّ فَائِتٍ،

wa-lammā tuwuffiya ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿazzathumu al-malāʾikatu: «al-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu, ʾinna fī Allāhi ʿazāʾan min kulli muṣībatin, wa-khalafan min kulli fāʾitin,

When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) died, the angels consoled them: “Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy and blessings. In Allah there is consolation for every affliction and a replacement for everything lost.

فَبِاللَّهِ فَثِقُوا، وَإِيَّاهُ فَارْجُوا، فَإِنَّمَا الْمَحْرُومُ مَنْ حُرِمَ الثَّوَابَ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ» [مس].

fa-bi-llāhi fa-thiqū, wa-ʾiyyāhu fa-urjū, fa-ʾinnamā al-maḥrūmu man ḥurima al-thawāba, wa-l-salāmu ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatu Allāhi wa-barakātuhu» [مس].

So place your trust in Allah and hope in Him. The truly deprived person is the one deprived of reward. Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy and blessings” [مس].

وَدَخَلَ رَجُلٌ أَشْهَبُ اللِّحْيَةِ، جَسِيمٌ، صَبِيحٌ، فَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَهُمْ، فَبَكَى، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى الصَّحَابَةِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ فِي اللَّهِ عَزَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ مُصِيبَةٍ، وَعِوَضًا مِنْ كُلِّ فَائِتٍ، وَخَلَفًا مِنْ كُلِّ هَالِكٍ،

wa-dakhala rajulun ʾashhabu al-liḥyati, jasīmun, ṣabīḥun, fa-takhaṭṭā riqābahum, fa-bakā, thumma iltafata ʾilā al-ṣaḥābati fa-qāla: ʾinna fī Allāhi ʿazāʾan min kulli muṣībatin, wa-ʿiwaḍan min kulli fāʾitin, wa-khalafan min kulli hālikin,

A large, handsome man with a grizzled beard entered, made his way past them by stepping over their shoulders, and wept. Then he turned to the Companions and said, “In Allah there is consolation for every affliction, compensation for everything lost, and a successor for everyone who perishes.

فَإِلَى اللَّهِ فَأَنِيبُوا، وَإِلَيْهِ فَارْغَبُوا، وَنَظَرُهُ إِلَيْكُمْ فِي الْبَلَاءِ فَانْظُرُوا، فَإِنَّمَا الْمُصَابُ مَنْ لَمْ يُجْبَرْ. وَانْصَرَفَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيٌّ: هَذَا الْخَضِرُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ (٢) [مس].

fa-ʾilā Allāhi fa-ʾanībū, wa-ʾilayhi fa-irghabū, wa-naẓaruhu ʾilaykum fī al-balāʾi fa-unẓurū, fa-ʾinnamā al-muṣābu man lam yujbar. wa-inṣarafa, fa-qāla ʾabū bakrin wa-ʿaliyyun: hādhā al-khaḍiru ʿalayhi al-salāmu (2) [مس].

So turn penitently to Allah and direct your longing to Him. Be mindful that He watches you in affliction, for the truly afflicted person is the one whose loss is not repaired.” He then left. Abu Bakr and Ali said, “That was al-Khiḍr (peace be upon him)” (2) [مس].

وَمَنْ رَفَعَ الْمَيِّتَ عَلَى السَّرِيرِ، أَوْ حَمَلَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ [مو، مص].

wa-man rafaʿa al-mayyita ʿalā al-sarīri, ʾaw ḥamalahu fa-lyaqul: bismi Allāhi [مو، مص].

Whoever lifts the deceased onto the bier or carries him should say, “In the name of Allah” [مو، مص].

(١) الْجَزَعُ: الْحُزْنُ وَهُوَ ضِدُّ الصَّبْرِ.

(1) al-jazaʿu: al-ḥuznu wa-huwa ḍiddu al-ṣabri.

(1) Jaza' means grief and is the opposite of patience.

(٢) وَرَوَاهُ الْحَاكِمُ فِي الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ وَصَحَّحَهُ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَبَّادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا، وَرَوَى الشَّافِعِيُّ نَحْوَهُ، وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ.

(2) wa-rawāhu al-ḥākimu fī al-mustadraki min ḥadīthi jābirin wa-ṣaḥḥaḥahu, wa-fī ʾisnādihi ʿabbādu bnu ʿabdi al-ṣamadi wa-huwa ḍaʿīfun jiddan, wa-rawā al-shāfiʿiyyu naḥwahu, wa-fī ʾisnādihi al-qāsimu bnu ʿabdi Allāhi bni ʿumara wa-huwa matrūkun.

(2) Al-Hakim also narrated it in al-Mustadrak from Jabir and declared it authentic. Its chain contains Abbad ibn Abd al-Samad, who is extremely weak. Al-Shafi'i narrated something similar, but its chain contains al-Qasim ibn Abdullah ibn Umar, who is abandoned as a narrator.

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وَإِذَا صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ:

wa-ʾidhā ṣallā ʿalayhi:

When performing the funeral prayer over the deceased:

كَبَّرَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ الْفَاتِحَةَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ:

kabbara, thumma qaraʾa al-fātiḥata, thumma ṣallā ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, thumma qāla:

He should pronounce the takbīr, recite the Opening chapter, invoke blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and then say:

«اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، وَيَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، أَصْبَحَ فَقِيرًا إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ،

«Allāhumma ʿabduka wa-ibnu ʾamatika yashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, wa-yashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, ʾaṣbaḥa fa-qīran ʾilā raḥmatika,

“O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your bondwoman bears witness that there is no deity but You alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger. He has entered a state of need for Your mercy,

وَأَصْبَحْتَ غَنِيًّا عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، تَخَلَّى مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَأَهْلِهَا؛ إِنْ كَانَ زَاكِيًا فَزَكِّهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُخْطِئًا فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ؛ اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ» [مس].

wa-ʾaṣbaḥta ghaniyyan ʿan ʿadhābihi, takhallā mina al-dunyā wa-ʾahlihā; ʾin kāna zākiyan fa-zakkihi, wa-ʾin kāna mukhṭiʾan fa-ighfir lahu; Allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ʾajrahu, wa-lā tuḍillanā baʿdahu» [مس].

while You have no need to punish him. He has left this world and its people. If he was pure, increase his purity, and if he was at fault, forgive him. O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not lead us astray after him” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ، وَارْحَمْهُ، وَعَافِهِ، وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوَسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ، وَاغْسِلْهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرْدِ، وَنَقِّهِ مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الْأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ،

«Allāhumma ighfir lahu, wa-irḥamhu, wa-ʿāfihi, wa-uʿfu ʿanhu, wa-ʾakrim nuzulahu, wa-wassiʿ mudkhalahu, wa-ighsilhu bi-l-māʾi wa-l-thalji wa-l-bardi, wa-naqqihi mina al-khaṭāyā kamā naqqayta al-thawba al-ʾabyaḍa mina al-danasi,

“O Allah, forgive him, have mercy on him, grant him well-being, and pardon him. Honor his reception, make his entrance spacious, wash him with water, snow, and hail, and cleanse him of sins as You cleanse a white garment of stains.

وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلًا خَيْرًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَزَوْجًا خَيْرًا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ» [م، ت، س، ق، مص].

wa-ʾabdilhu dāran khayran min dārihi, wa-ʾahlan khayran min ʾahlihi, wa-zawjan khayran min zawjihi, wa-ʾadkhilhu al-jannata, wa-ʾaʿidhhu min ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-ʿadhābi al-nāri» [م، ت، س، ق، مص].

Give him a home better than his home, a family better than his family, and a spouse better than his spouse. Admit him to Paradise and protect him from the punishment of the grave and the punishment of the Fire” [م، ت، س، ق، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِحَيِّنَا، وَمَيِّتِنَا، وَصَغِيرِنَا، وَكَبِيرِنَا، وَذَكَرِنَا، وَأُنْثَانَا، وَشَاهِدِنَا، وَغَائِبِنَا، اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ أَحْيَيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَأَحْيِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ،

«Allāhumma ighfir liḥayyinā, wa-mayyitinā, wa-ṣaghīrinā, wa-kabīrinā, wa-dhakarinā, wa-ʾunthānā, wa-shāhidinā, wa-ghāʾibinā, Allāhumma man ʾaḥyaytahu minnā fa-ʾaḥyihi ʿalā al-ʾislāmi,

“O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, our young and our old, our males and our females, those present and those absent. O Allah, whoever among us You keep alive, keep alive upon Islam,

وَمَنْ تَوَفَّيْتَهُ مِنَّا فَتَوَفَّهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ (الْإِيمَانِ) [ت، مس]، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلَا تُضِلَّنَا بَعْدَهُ» [د، ت، س، أ، حب، مس].

wa-man tawaffaytahu minnā fa-tawaffahu ʿalā al-ʾislāmi (al-ʾīmāni) [ت، مس], Allāhumma lā taḥrimnā ʾajrahu, wa-lā tuḍillanā baʿdahu» [د، ت، س، أ، حب، مس].

and whoever among us You cause to die, cause to die upon Islam (faith) [ت، مس]. O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward and do not lead us astray after him” [د، ت، س، أ، حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبُّهَا، وَأَنْتَ خَلَقْتَهَا، وَأَنْتَ هَدَيْتَهَا لِلْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْتَ قَبَضْتَ رُوحَهَا، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِسْرِّهَا وَعَلَانِيَتِهَا، جِئْنَا شُفَعَاءَ، فَاغْفِرْ [د، س] لَهَا [س]، لَهُ [د]».

«Allāhumma ʾanta rabbuhā, wa-ʾanta khalaqtahā, wa-ʾanta hadaytahā li-l-ʾislāmi, wa-ʾanta qabaḍta rūḥahā, wa-ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bisrrihā wa-ʿalāniyatihā, jiʾnā shufaʿāʾa, fa-ighfir [د، س] lahā [س], lahu [د]».

“O Allah, You are her Lord, You created her, You guided her to Islam, You took her soul, and You know best her secrets and what she made public. We have come as intercessors, so forgive [د، س] her [س], him [د].”

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ فُلَانَ بْنَ فُلَانٍ فِي ذِمَّتِكَ، وَحَبْلِ جِوَارِكَ، فَقِهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ، وَأَنْتَ أَهْلُ الْوَفَاءِ وَالْحَمْدِ، اللَّهُمَّ فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ» [د، ق].

«Allāhumma ʾinna fulāna bna fulānin fī dhimmatika, wa-ḥabli jiwārika, faqihi min fitnati al-qabri, wa-ʿadhābi al-nāri, wa-ʾanta ʾahlu al-wafāʾi wa-l-ḥamdi, Allāhumma fa-ighfir lahu wa-irḥamhu, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-ghafūru al-raḥīmu» [د، ق].

“O Allah, so-and-so son of so-and-so is under Your protection and within Your covenant of security. Protect him from the trial of the grave and the punishment of the Fire. You are worthy of faithfulness and praise. O Allah, forgive him and have mercy on him. You are indeed the All-Forgiving, the Especially Merciful” [د، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ أَمَتِكَ احْتَاجَ إِلَى رَحْمَتِكَ، وَأَنْتَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْ عَذَابِهِ، إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِنًا فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئًا فَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْهُ» [مس].

«Allāhumma ʿabduka wa-ibnu ʾamatika iḥtāja ʾilā raḥmatika, wa-ʾanta ghaniyyun ʿan ʿadhābihi, ʾin kāna muḥsinan fa-zid fī ʾiḥsānihi, wa-ʾin kāna musīʾan fa-tajāwaz ʿanhu» [مس].

“O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your bondwoman has come to need Your mercy, while You have no need to punish him. If he did good, increase him in goodness, and if he did wrong, overlook it for him” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَابْنُ عَبْدِكَ كَانَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، إِنْ كَانَ مُحْسِنًا فَزِدْ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُسِيئًا فَاغْفِرْ لَهُ، وَلَا تَحْرِمْنَا أَجْرَهُ، وَلَا تَفْتِنَّا بَعْدَهُ» [حب].

«Allāhumma ʿabduka wa-ibnu ʿabdika kāna yashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, wa-ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bihi minnī, ʾin kāna muḥsinan fa-zid fī ʾiḥsānihi, wa-ʾin kāna musīʾan fa-ighfir lahu, wa-lā taḥrimnā ʾajrahu, wa-lā taftinnā baʿdahu» [حب].

“O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your servant used to bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger. You know him better than I do. If he did good, increase him in goodness, and if he did wrong, forgive him. Do not deprive us of his reward and do not put us to trial after him” [حب].

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وَإِذَا وَضَعَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ قَالَ:

wa-ʾidhā waḍaʿahu fī qabrihi qāla:

When he places the deceased in his grave, he should say:

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَى سُنَّةِ (مِلَّةِ) [ت] رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ» [د، ت، س، حب].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-ʿalā sunnati (millati) [ت] rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam» [د، ت، س، حب].

“In the name of Allah, and according to the Sunnah (way) [ت] of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)” [د، ت، س، حب].

«بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَبِاللَّهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ» [مس].

«bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-bi-llāhi, wa-ʿalā millati rasūli Allāhi» [مس].

“In the name of Allah, by Allah, and according to the way of the Messenger of Allah” [مس].

﴿مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى﴾ [طٰهٰ: ٥٥]، بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ [مس].

﴿minhā khalaqnākum wa-fīhā nuʿīdukum wa-minhā nukhrijukum tāratan ʾukhrā﴾ [Ṭā Hā: 55], bi-ismi Allāhi, wa-fī sabīli Allāhi, wa-ʿalā millati rasūli Allāhi [مس].

“From it We created you, into it We shall return you, and from it We shall bring you forth once again” [طٰهٰ: ٥٥]. In the name of Allah, in the cause of Allah, and according to the way of the Messenger of Allah [مس].

فَإِذَا فَرَغَ دَفْنُهُ:

fa-ʾidhā faragha dafnuhu:

When the burial is complete:

وَقَفَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ فَقَالَ: «اسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ لِأَخِيكُمْ، وَسَلُّوا لَهُ التَّثْبِيتَ، فَإِنَّهُ الْآنَ يُسْأَلُ» [د، س].

waqafa ʿalā al-qabri fa-qāla: «istaghfirū Allāha liʾakhīkum, wa-sallū lahu al-tathbīta, fa-ʾinnahu al-ʾāna yusʾalu» [د، س].

He should stand by the grave and say, “Ask Allah to forgive your brother and to make him steadfast, for he is now being questioned” [د، س].

وَيَقْرَأُ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ بَعْدَ الدَّفْنِ أَوَّلَ سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَخَاتِمَتَهَا [مس، ق].

wa-yaqraʾu ʿalā al-qabri baʿda al-dafni ʾawwala sūrati al-baqarati wa-khātimatahā [مس، ق].

After the burial, he should recite the beginning and the end of Surat al-Baqarah at the grave [مس، ق].

وَإِذَا زَارَ الْقُبُورَ فَلْيَقُلْ:

wa-ʾidhā zāra al-qubūra fa-lyaqul:

When he visits graves, he should say:

«السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ - أَوْ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ - مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَلَاحِقُونَ، نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ لَنَا وَلَكُمُ الْعَافِيَةَ» [م، س، ق]، «أَنْتُمْ لَنَا فَرَطٌ (١)، وَنَحْنُ لَكُمْ تَبَعٌ» [س].

«al-salāmu ʿalā ʾahli al-diyāri - ʾaw: al-salāmu ʿalaykum ʾahla al-diyāri - mina al-muʾminīna wa-l-muslimīna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lalāḥiqūna, nasʾalu Allāha lanā wa-lakumu al-ʿāfiyata» [م، س، ق], «ʾantum lanā fa-raṭun (1), wa-naḥnu lakum tabaʿun» [س].

“Peace be upon the inhabitants of these dwellings—or: peace be upon you, inhabitants of these dwellings—from among the believers and Muslims. Allah willing, we shall join you. We ask Allah to grant well-being to us and to you” [م، س، ق]. “You have gone before us (1), and we shall follow you” [س].

«السَّلَامُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنَّا وَالْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَلَاحِقُونَ» [م، س، ق].

«al-salāmu ʿalā ʾahli al-diyāri mina al-muʾminīna wa-l-muslimīna, wa-yarḥamu Allāhu al-mustaqdimīna minnā wa-l-mustaʾkhirīna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lalāḥiqūna» [م، س، ق].

“Peace be upon the inhabitants of these dwellings from among the believers and Muslims. May Allah have mercy on those of us who went ahead and those who come later. Allah willing, we shall join you” [م، س، ق].

«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَتَاكُمْ مَا تُوعَدُونَ، غَدًا مُؤَجَّلُونَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ» [م، س].

«al-salāmu ʿalaykum dāra qawmin muʾminīna, wa-ʾatākum mā tūʿadūna, ghadan muʾajjalūna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūna» [م، س].

“Peace be upon you, dwelling of a believing people. What you were promised has come to you; you are deferred until tomorrow, and Allah willing, we shall join you” [م، س].

«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ دَارَ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ، وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَاحِقُونَ» [د].

«al-salāmu ʿalaykum dāra qawmin muʾminīna, wa-ʾinnā ʾin shāʾa Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūna» [د].

“Peace be upon you, dwelling of a believing people. Allah willing, we shall join you” [د].

«السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْقُبُورِ، يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ، أَنْتُمْ سَلَفُنَا، وَنَحْنُ بِالْأَثَرِ» [ت].

«al-salāmu ʿalaykum yā ʾahla al-qubūri, yaghfiru Allāhu lanā wa-lakum, ʾantum salafunā, wa-naḥnu bi-l-ʾathari» [ت].

“Peace be upon you, people of the graves. May Allah forgive us and you. You preceded us, and we are following in your footsteps” [ت].

(١) أَيْ سَابِقُونَ.

(1) ʾay sābiqūna.

(1) That is, those who went before us.

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الذِّكْرُ الَّذِي وَرَدَ فَضْلُهُ غَيْرُ مَخْصُوصٍ بِوَقْتٍ، وَلَا سَبَبٍ، وَلَا مَكَانٍ

al-dhikru alladhī warada faḍluhu ghayru makhṣūṣin biwaqtin, wa-lā sababin, wa-lā makānin

Remembrance whose merit has been reported without being restricted to a particular time, cause, or place

فَضْلُ الذِّكْرِ

faḍlu al-dhikri

The Merit of Remembrance

(لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) هِيَ أَفْضَلُ الذِّكْرِ [ت]، وَهِيَ أَفْضَلُ الْحَسَنَاتِ [أ].

(lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu) hiya ʾafḍalu al-dhikri [ت], wa-hiya ʾafḍalu al-ḥasanāti [أ].

“There is no deity but Allah” is the best form of remembrance [ت], and it is the best of good deeds [أ].

«أَسْعَدُ النَّاسِ بِشَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَنْ قَالَهَا مُخْلِصًا مِنْ قَلْبِهِ أَوْ نَفْسِهِ» [خ].

«ʾasʿadu al-nāsi bishafāʿatī yawma al-qiyāmati man qālahā mukhliṣan min qalbihi ʾaw nafsihi» [خ].

“The person happiest to receive my intercession on the Day of Resurrection will be the one who says it sincerely from his heart or soul” [خ].

«يَخْرُجُ مِنَ النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَهَا وَفِي قَلْبِهِ وَزْنُ شَعِيرَةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ، وَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَهَا وَفِي قَلْبِهِ وَزْنُ بُرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ، وَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَهَا وَفِي قَلْبِهِ وَزْنُ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ أَوْ مِنْ إِيمَانٍ» [خ، م، ت].

«yakhruju mina al-nāri man qālahā wa-fī qalbihi waznu shaʿīratin min khayrin ʾaw min ʾīmānin, wa-yakhruju mina al-nāri man qālahā wa-fī qalbihi waznu burratin min khayrin ʾaw min ʾīmānin, wa-yakhruju mina al-nāri man qālahā wa-fī qalbihi waznu dharratin min khayrin ʾaw min ʾīmānin» [خ، م، ت].

“Whoever said it with the weight of a barley grain of goodness or faith in his heart will be brought out of the Fire; whoever said it with the weight of a grain of wheat of goodness or faith in his heart will be brought out of the Fire; and whoever said it with the weight of a speck of goodness or faith in his heart will be brought out of the Fire” [خ، م، ت].

«مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ قَالَهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَإِنْ زَنَى وَإِنْ سَرَقَ، وَإِنْ زَنَى وَإِنْ سَرَقَ، وَإِنْ زَنَى وَإِنْ سَرَقَ» [م].

«mā min ʿabdin qālahā thumma māta ʿalā dhālika ʾillā dakhala al-jannata, wa-ʾin zanā wa-ʾin saraqa, wa-ʾin zanā wa-ʾin saraqa, wa-ʾin zanā wa-ʾin saraqa» [م].

“No servant says it and then dies holding to it without entering Paradise, even if he committed adultery and stole, even if he committed adultery and stole, even if he committed adultery and stole” [م].

«جَدِّدُوا إِيمَانَكُمْ»؛ قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَكَيْفَ نُجَدِّدُ إِيمَانَنَا؟ قَالَ: «أَكْثِرُوا مِنْ قَوْلِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ» [أ، ط].

«jaddidū ʾīmānakum»; qīla: yā rasūla Allāhi, wa-kayfa nujaddidu ʾīmānanā? qāla: «ʾakthirū min qawli: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu» [أ، ط].

“Renew your faith.” He was asked, “O Messenger of Allah, how do we renew our faith?” He said, “Say often: There is no deity but Allah” [أ، ط].

لَيْسَ لَهَا دُونَ اللَّهِ حِجَابٌ حَتَّى تَخْلُصَ إِلَيْهِ [ت]، قَوْلُهَا لَا يَتْرُكُ ذَنْبًا، وَلَا يُشْبِهُهَا عَمَلٌ [مس].

laysa lahā dūna Allāhi ḥijābun ḥattā takhluṣa ʾilayhi [ت], qawluhā lā yatruku dhanban, wa-lā yushbihuhā ʿamalun [مس].

There is no barrier between it and Allah until it reaches Him [ت]. Uttering it leaves no sin unerased, and no deed is comparable to it [مس].

«لَوْ أَنَّ أَهْلَ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَالْأَرَضِينَ السَّبْعَ فِي كِفَّةٍ، وَ(لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) فِي كِفَّةٍ، مَالَتْ بِهِمْ» [حب، س، ر].

«law ʾanna ʾahla al-samāwāti al-sabʿi wa-l-ʾaraḍīna al-sabʿa fī kiffatin, wa-(lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu) fī kiffatin, mālat bihim» [حب، س، ر].

“If the inhabitants of the seven heavens and the seven earths were placed in one pan of a balance, and ‘There is no deity but Allah’ in the other, it would outweigh them” [حب، س، ر].

«مَا قَالَهَا عَبْدٌ قَطُّ مُخْلِصًا، إِلَّا فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ حَتَّى تُفْضِيَ إِلَى الْعَرْشِ، مَا اجْتُنِبَتِ الْكَبَائِرُ» [ت، س، مس].

«mā qālahā ʿabdun qaṭṭu mukhliṣan, ʾillā futiḥat lahu ʾabwābu al-samāʾi ḥattā tufḍiya ʾilā al-ʿarshi, mā ujtunibati al-kabāʾiru» [ت، س، مس].

“No servant ever says it sincerely without the gates of heaven being opened for it until it reaches the Throne, provided the major sins are avoided” [ت، س، مس].

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«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ. مَنْ قَالَهَا عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ كَانَ كَمَنْ أَعْتَقَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَنْفُسٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ» [خ، م، ت، س، أ].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu al-mulku, wa-lahu al-ḥamdu, yuḥyī wa-yumītu, wa-huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun. man qālahā ʿashra marrātin kāna kaman ʾaʿtaqa ʾarbaʿata ʾanfusin min waladi ʾismāʿīla» [خ، م، ت، س، أ].

“There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion and His is the praise; He gives life and causes death, and He has power over all things. Whoever says it ten times will be like one who freed four souls from the descendants of Ishmael” [خ، م، ت، س، أ].

وَمَرَّةً، كَعِتْقِ نَسَمَةٍ [أ، مص].

wa-marratan, kaʿitqi nasamatin [أ، مص].

Saying it once is like freeing one slave [أ، مص].

وَمِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، كَانَتْ لَهُ عَدْلَ عَشْرِ رِقَابٍ، وَكُتِبَتْ لَهُ مِائَةُ حَسَنَةٍ، وَمُحِيَتْ عَنْهُ مِائَةُ سَيِّئَةٍ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ حِرْزًا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ أَحَدٌ بِمِثْلٍ مِمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَحَدٌ عَمِلَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ [عو].

wa-miʾata marratin, kānat lahu ʿadla ʿashri riqābin, wa-kutibat lahu miʾatu ḥasanatin, wa-muḥiyat ʿanhu miʾatu sayyiʾatin, wa-kānat lahu ḥirzan mina al-shayṭāni, wa-lam yaʾti ʾaḥadun bimithlin mimmā jāʾa bihi ʾillā ʾaḥadun ʿamila ʾakthara min dhālika [عو].

Saying it one hundred times brings the reward of freeing ten slaves; one hundred good deeds are recorded for him, one hundred evil deeds are erased from him, and it is a safeguard for him from Satan. No one will bring anything better than what he has brought except someone who did more than that [عو].

هِيَ الَّتِي عَلَّمَهَا نُوحٌ ابْنَهُ، فَإِنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ لَوْ كَانَتْ فِي كِفَّةٍ لَرَجَحَتْ بِهَا، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ حَلْقَةً لَضَمَّتْهَا [مص].

hiya allatī ʿallamahā nūḥun ibnahu, fa-ʾinna al-samāwāti law kānat fī kiffatin larajaḥat bihā, wa-law kānat ḥalqatan laḍammathā [مص].

This is the declaration that Noah taught his son. If the heavens were placed in one pan of a balance, this declaration would outweigh them; and if the heavens formed a ring, it would encompass them [مص].

«لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، كَلِمَتَانِ، إِحْدَاهُمَا لَيْسَ لَهَا نِهَايَةٌ دُونَ الْعَرْشِ، وَالْأُخْرَى تَمْلَأُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ» [ط].

«lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, kalimatāni, ʾiḥdāhumā laysa lahā nihāyatun dūna al-ʿarshi, wa-l-ʾukhrā tamlaʾu mā bayna al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi» [ط].

“‘There is no deity but Allah’ and ‘Allah is the Greatest’ are two phrases: one has no stopping point short of the Throne, and the other fills all that lies between heaven and earth” [ط].

وَهُمَا مَعَ: (وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ) مَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ أَحَدٌ يَقُولُهَا، إِلَّا كَفَّرَتْ عَنْهُ خَطَايَاهُ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ مِثْلَ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ [ت، س].

wa-humā maʿa: (wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi al-ʿaliyyi al-ʿaẓīmi) mā ʿalā al-ʾarḍi ʾaḥadun yaqūluhā, ʾillā kaffarat ʿanhu khaṭāyāhu, wa-law kānat mithla zabadi al-baḥri [ت، س].

Together with “There is no power and no strength except through Allah, the Most High, the Magnificent,” no one on earth says them without having his sins expiated, even if they are like the foam of the sea [ت، س].

«مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّارِ» - حَدِيثُ مُعَاذٍ - قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَفَلَا أُخْبِرُ النَّاسَ فَيَسْتَبْشِرُوا؟ قَالَ: «إِذًا يَتَّكِلُوا». وَأَخْبَرَ بِهَا مُعَاذٌ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ تَأَثُّمًا [خ، م].

«mā min ʾaḥadin yashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan rasūlu Allāhi, ʾillā ḥarramahu Allāhu ʿalā al-nāri» - ḥadīthu muʿādhin - qāla: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾafalā ʾukhbiru al-nāsa fa-yastabshirū? qāla: «ʾidhan yattakilū». wa-ʾakhbara bihā muʿādhun ʿinda mawtihi taʾaththuman [خ، م].

“No one testifies that there is no deity but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah without Allah forbidding the Fire to touch him.” In the hadith of Mu‘adh, he asked, “O Messenger of Allah, shall I not tell the people so that they may rejoice?” He replied, “Then they would rely upon it.” Mu‘adh disclosed it at the time of his death for fear of concealing knowledge and thereby sinning [خ، م].

«مَنْ شَهِدَ بِهَا كَذَلِكَ، حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّارِ» [م، ت].

«man shahida bihā ka-dhālika, ḥarramahu Allāhu ʿalā al-nāri» [م، ت].

“Whoever bears this testimony in that manner, Allah will forbid the Fire to touch him” [م، ت].

وَحَدِيثُ الْبِطَاقَةِ الَّتِي تَثْقُلُ بِالتِّسْعَةِ وَالتِّسْعِينَ سِجِلًّا، كُلُّ سِجِلٍّ مَدُّ الْبَصَرِ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» [ق، حب، مس].

wa-ḥadīthu al-biṭāqati allatī tathqulu bi-l-tisʿati wa-l-tisʿīna sijillan, kullu sijillin maddu al-baṣari: «ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-ʾashhadu ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu» [ق، حب، مس].

And there is the hadith of the card that outweighs ninety-nine scrolls, each scroll stretching as far as the eye can see: “I testify that there is no deity but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger” [ق، حب، مس].

«مَنْ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنَّ عِيسَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَابْنُ أَمَتِهِ، وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ، وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ، وَأَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ، وَالنَّارَ حَقٌّ. أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَيِّ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ الثَّمَانِيَةِ شَاءَ» [م، خ، س].

«man qāla: ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu, wa-ʾanna ʿīsā ʿabdu Allāhi wa-ibnu ʾamatihi, wa-kalimatuhu ʾalqāhā ʾilā maryama, wa-rūḥun minhu, wa-ʾanna al-jannata ḥaqqun, wa-l-nāra ḥaqqun. ʾadkhalahu Allāhu min ʾayyi ʾabwābi al-jannati al-thamāniyati shāʾa» [م، خ، س].

“Whoever says: I testify that there is no deity but Allah alone; that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger; that Jesus is the servant of Allah and the son of His bondwoman, His word which He cast to Mary, and a spirit from Him; and that Paradise is true and the Fire is true—Allah will admit him through whichever of the eight gates of Paradise he wishes” [م، خ، س].

«مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنَّ عِيسَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَابْنُ أَمَتِهِ، وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ، وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ،

«man shahida ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, wa-ʾanna muḥammadan ʿabduhu wa-rasūluhu, wa-ʾanna ʿīsā ʿabdu Allāhi wa-rasūluhu, wa-ibnu ʾamatihi, wa-kalimatuhu ʾalqāhā ʾilā maryama, wa-rūḥun minhu,

“Whoever testifies that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner; that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger; that Jesus is the servant and Messenger of Allah, the son of His bondwoman, His word which He cast to Mary, and a spirit from Him;

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وَالْجَنَّةُ حَقٌّ، وَالنَّارُ حَقٌّ. أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ، أَوْ: مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ الثَّمَانِيَةِ أَيَّهَا شَاءَ» [خ، م، س].

wa-l-jannatu ḥaqqun, wa-l-nāru ḥaqqun. ʾadkhalahu Allāhu al-jannata ʿalā mā kāna min ʿamalin, ʾaw: min ʾabwābi al-jannati al-thamāniyati ʾayyahā shāʾa» [خ، م، س].

and that Paradise is true and the Fire is true—Allah will admit him to Paradise in accordance with whatever deeds he has done, or, according to another wording, through whichever of the eight gates of Paradise he wishes” [خ، م، س].

كَانَ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، أَعَزَّ جُنْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَغَلَبَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ، فَلَا شَيْءَ بَعْدَهُ» [خ، م، س].

kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yaqūlu: «lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu, ʾaʿazza jundahu, wa-naṣara ʿabdahu, wa-ghalaba al-ʾaḥzāba waḥdahu, fa-lā shayʾa baʿdahu» [خ، م، س].

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to say, “There is no god but Allah alone. He strengthened His army, gave victory to His servant, and defeated the confederates by Himself; there is nothing after Him” [خ، م، س].

حَدِيثُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ: عَلِّمْنِي كَلَامًا أَقُولُهُ. قَالَ: «قُلْ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا،

ḥadīthu al-ʾaʿrābiyyi: ʿallimnī kalāman ʾaqūluhu. qāla: «qul: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, Allāhu ʾakbaru kabīran, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi kathīran,

In the hadith of the Bedouin, he said, “Teach me words that I may say.” He replied, “Say: There is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner; Allah is supremely great; abundant praise belongs to Allah;

وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ [د] الْعَظِيمِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي» [م].

wa-subḥāna Allāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna, lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi al-ʿaliyyi [د] al-ʿaẓīmi al-ʿazīzi al-ḥakīmi, Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ihdinī, wa-urzuqnī» [م].

glory be to Allah, Lord of the worlds; there is no power and no strength except through Allah, the Most High [د], the Magnificent, the Mighty, the Wise. O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, and provide for me” [م].

«مَنْ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ. كُتِبَتْ لَهُ عَشْرًا، وَمَنْ قَالَهَا عَشْرًا كُتِبَتْ لَهُ مِائَةً، وَمَنْ قَالَهَا مِائَةً كُتِبَتْ لَهُ أَلْفًا، وَمَنْ زَادَ زَادَهُ اللَّهُ» [ت، س].

«man qāla: subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi. kutibat lahu ʿashran, wa-man qālahā ʿashran kutibat lahu miʾatan, wa-man qālahā miʾatan kutibat lahu ʾalfan, wa-man zāda zādahu Allāhu» [ت، س].

“Whoever says, ‘Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him,’ will have ten good deeds recorded for him. Whoever says it ten times will have one hundred recorded for him; whoever says it one hundred times will have one thousand recorded for him; and whoever does more, Allah will give him more” [ت، س].

«مَنْ قَالَهَا مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ حُطَّتْ خَطَايَاهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مِثْلَ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ» [عو].

«man qālahā miʾata marratin ḥuṭṭat khaṭāyāhu wa-ʾin kānat mithla zabadi al-baḥri» [عو].

“Whoever says it one hundred times will have his sins erased, even if they are like the foam of the sea” [عو].

«هِيَ أَحَبُّ الْكَلَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ» [م، ت، س، مص].

«hiya ʾaḥabbu al-kalāmi ʾilā Allāhi» [م، ت، س، مص].

“It is the speech most beloved to Allah” [م، ت، س، مص].

وَ«هِيَ أَفْضَلُ الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي اصْطَفَى اللَّهُ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ» [م، عو].

wa-«hiya ʾafḍalu al-kalāmi alladhī iṣṭafā Allāhu limalāʾikatihi» [م، عو].

And “it is the best speech that Allah selected for His angels” [م، عو].

«هِيَ الَّتِي أَمَرَ نُوحٌ بِهَا ابْنَهُ، فَإِنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الْخَلْقِ، وَتَسْبِيحُ الْخَلْقِ، وَبِهَا يُرْزَقُ الْخَلْقُ» [مص].

«hiya allatī ʾamara nūḥun bihā ibnahu, fa-ʾinnahā ṣalātu al-khalqi, wa-tasbīḥu al-khalqi, wa-bihā yurzaqu al-khalqu» [مص].

“It is what Noah instructed his son to say, for it is the prayer of creation and the glorification of creation, and through it creation receives its provision” [مص].

«مَنْ قَالَهَا غُرِسَتْ لَهُ شَجَرَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ» [ر].

«man qālahā ghurisat lahu shajaratun fī al-jannati» [ر].

“Whoever says it will have a tree planted for him in Paradise” [ر].

«مَنْ هَالَهُ اللَّيْلُ أَنْ يُكَابِدَهُ (١)، أَوْ بَخِلَ بِالْمَالِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَهُ، أَوْ جَبُنَ عَنِ الْعَدُوِّ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُ، فَلْيُكْثِرْ مِنْهَا، فَإِنَّهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ جَبَلِ ذَهَبٍ تُنْفِقُهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ» [ط].

«man hālahu al-laylu ʾan yukābidahu (1), ʾaw bakhila bi-l-māli ʾan yunfiqahu, ʾaw jabuna ʿani al-ʿaduwwi ʾan yuqātilahu, fa-lyukthir minhā, fa-ʾinnahā ʾaḥabbu ʾilā Allāhi min jabali dhahabin tunfiquhu fī sabīli Allāhi» [ط].

“Whoever is daunted by the night and unable to endure it (1), too stingy to spend his wealth, or too fearful to fight the enemy should say it often, for it is dearer to Allah than a mountain of gold spent in the cause of Allah” [ط].

«أَحَبُّ الْكَلَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ: سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي وَبِحَمْدِهِ» [عو].

«ʾaḥabbu al-kalāmi ʾilā Allāhi: subḥāna rabbī wa-biḥamdihi» [عو].

“The speech most beloved to Allah is: Glory be to my Lord and praise be to Him” [عو].

«مَنْ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ. نَبَتَ لَهُ غَرْسٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ» [أ].

«man qāla: subḥāna Allāhi al-ʿaẓīmi. nabata lahu gharsun fī al-jannati» [أ].

“Whoever says, ‘Glory be to Allah, the Magnificent,’ will have a planting grow for him in Paradise” [أ].

«مَنْ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ [مص] وَبِحَمْدِهِ. غُرِسَتْ لَهُ نَخْلَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ» [د، س، حب، مس، مص].

«man qāla: subḥāna Allāhi al-ʿaẓīmi [مص] wa-biḥamdihi. ghurisat lahu nakhlatun fī al-jannati» [د، س، حب، مس، مص].

“Whoever says, ‘Glory be to Allah, the Magnificent [مص], and praise be to Him,’ will have a palm tree planted for him in Paradise” [د، س، حب، مس، مص].

(١) مِنْ هَالَهُ: مِنَ الْهَوْلِ وَهُوَ الْأَمْرُ الشَّدِيدُ، وَمَعْنَى الْمُكَابَدَةِ لَهُ مُقَاسَاةُ شِدَّتِهِ.

(1) min hālahu: mina al-hawli wa-huwa al-ʾamru al-shadīdu, wa-maʿnā al-mukābadati lahu muqāsātu shiddatihi.

(1) The expression “is daunted by it” derives from hawl, meaning something frightening or severe. To endure the night means to bear its hardship.

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«فَإِنَّهَا عِبَادَةُ الْخَلْقِ، وَبِهَا تُقْطَعُ (١) أَرْزَاقُهُمْ» [ر].

«fa-ʾinnahā ʿibādatu al-khalqi, wa-bihā tuqṭaʿu (1) ʾarzāquhum» [ر].

“For it is the worship of creation, and through it their provisions are allotted (1)” [ر].

«كَلِمَتَانِ خَفِيفَتَانِ عَلَى اللِّسَانِ، ثَقِيلَتَانِ فِي الْمِيزَانِ، حَبِيبَتَانِ إِلَى الرَّحْمَنِ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ» [خ، م، ت، مص].

«kalimatāni khafīfatāni ʿalā al-lisāni, thaqīlatāni fī al-mīzāni, ḥabībatāni ʾilā al-raḥmāni: subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi, subḥāna Allāhi al-ʿaẓīmi» [خ، م، ت، مص].

“Two phrases are light on the tongue, heavy in the balance, and beloved to the Most Compassionate: Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him; glory be to Allah, the Magnificent” [خ، م، ت، مص].

«مَنْ قَالَهَا مَعْ: (أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ الْعَظِيمَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ)، كُتِبَتْ كَمَا قَالَهَا، ثُمَّ عُلِّقَتْ بِالْعَرْشِ، لَا يَمْحُوهَا ذَنْبٌ عَمِلَهُ صَاحِبُهَا حَتَّى يَلْقَى اللَّهَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَخْتُومَةً كَمَا قَالَهَا» [ر].

«man qālahā maʿ: (ʾastaghfiru Allāha al-ʿaẓīma wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayhi), kutibat kamā qālahā, thumma ʿulliqat bi-l-ʿarshi, lā yamḥūhā dhanbun ʿamilahu ṣāḥibuhā ḥattā yalqā Allāha yawma al-qiyāmati makhtūmatan kamā qālahā» [ر].

“Whoever says it together with, ‘I seek the forgiveness of Allah, the Magnificent, and repent to Him,’ will have it recorded just as he said it and then suspended from the Throne. No sin committed by the one who said it will erase it, until he meets Allah on the Day of Resurrection with it sealed just as he said it” [ر].

وَقَالَ ﷺ لِجُوَيْرِيَةَ وَقَدْ خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهَا بُكْرَةً حِينَ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ وَهِيَ فِي مَسْجِدِهَا تَسَبِّحُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَضْحَى وَهِيَ جَالِسَةٌ: «مَا زِلْتِ عَلَى الْحَالِ الَّتِي فَارَقْتُكِ عَلَيْهَا؟» قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ.

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam lijuwayriyata wa-qad kharaja min ʿindihā bukratan ḥīna ṣallā al-ṣubḥa wa-hiya fī masjidihā tasabbiḥu, thumma rajaʿa baʿda ʾan ʾaḍḥā wa-hiya jālisatun: «mā zilti ʿalā al-ḥāli allatī fāraqtuki ʿalayhā?» qālat: naʿam.

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Juwayriyah, after leaving her early in the morning when he had prayed Fajr while she remained in her prayer place glorifying Allah, then returning after the forenoon while she was still seated, “Have you remained in the same state in which I left you?” She replied, “Yes.”

قَالَ: «لَقَدْ قُلْتُ بَعْدَكِ أَرْبَعَ كَلِمَاتٍ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، لَوْ وُزِنَتْ بِمَا قُلْتِ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ لَوَزَنَتْهُنَّ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ، وَرِضَا نَفْسِهِ، وَزِنَةَ عَرْشِهِ، وَمِدَادَ كَلِمَاتِهِ» [م، عه].

qāla: «laqad qultu baʿdaki ʾarbaʿa kalimātin thalātha marrātin, law wuzinat bimā qulti mundhu al-yawmi lawazanathunna: subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi, ʿadada khalqihi, wa-riḍā nafsihi, wa-zinata ʿarshihi, wa-midāda kalimātihi» [م، عه].

He said, “After leaving you I said four phrases three times. If they were weighed against everything you have said since this morning, they would outweigh it: Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him, by the number of His creation, to the extent of His pleasure, by the weight of His Throne, and by the ink of His words” [م، عه].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رِضَا نَفْسِهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ زِنَةَ عَرْشِهِ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِدَادَ كَلِمَاتِهِ» [م، س، مص، عو].

«subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada khalqihi, subḥāna Allāhi riḍā nafsihi, subḥāna Allāhi zinata ʿarshihi, subḥāna Allāhi midāda kalimātihi» [م، س، مص، عو].

“Glory be to Allah by the number of His creation; glory be to Allah to the extent of His pleasure; glory be to Allah by the weight of His Throne; glory be to Allah by the ink of His words” [م، س، مص، عو].

وَ«الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَذَلِكَ» [س].

wa-«al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ka-dhālika» [س].

And “Praise be to Allah likewise” [س].

«سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ، وَرِضَا نَفْسِهِ، وَزِنَةَ عَرْشِهِ، وَمِدَادَ كَلِمَاتِهِ» [س].

«subḥāna Allāhi wa-biḥamdihi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, ʿadada khalqihi, wa-riḍā nafsihi, wa-zinata ʿarshihi, wa-midāda kalimātihi» [س].

“Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him; there is no deity but Allah; and Allah is the Greatest—by the number of His creation, to the extent of His pleasure, by the weight of His Throne, and by the ink of His words” [س].

وَقَالَ ﷺ لِامْرَأَةٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا نَوًى أَوْ حَصًى، تُسَبِّحُ بِهِ: «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكِ بِمَا هُوَ أَيْسَرُ عَلَيْكِ مِنْ هَذَا، أَوْ أَفْضَلَ؟» فَقَالَ: «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا خَلَقَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا خَلَقَ فِي الْأَرْضِ،

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam li-imraʾatin dakhala ʿalayhā wa-bayna yadayhā nawan ʾaw ḥaṣan, tusabbiḥu bihi: «ʾalā ʾukhbiruki bimā huwa ʾaysaru ʿalayki min hādhā, ʾaw ʾafḍala?» fa-qāla: «subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā khalaqa fī al-samāʾi, wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā khalaqa fī al-ʾarḍi,

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) visited a woman who had date stones or pebbles before her and was using them to glorify Allah. He said, “Shall I tell you something easier—or better—for you than this?” Then he said, “Glory be to Allah by the number of what He created in heaven, and glory be to Allah by the number of what He created on earth;

وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا هُوَ خَالِقٌ، وَ(اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ) مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَ(الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ) مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَ(لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَ(لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ) مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā bayna dhālika, wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā huwa khāliqun, wa-(Allāhu ʾakbaru) mithla dhālika, wa-(al-ḥamdu li-llāhi) mithla dhālika, wa-(lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu) mithla dhālika, wa-(lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi) mithla dhālika» [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

glory be to Allah by the number of what lies between them, and glory be to Allah by the number of what He is yet to create; ‘Allah is the Greatest’ the same number; ‘Praise be to Allah’ the same number; ‘There is no deity but Allah’ the same number; and ‘There is no power and no strength except through Allah’ the same number” [د، ت، س، حب، مس].

وَدَخَلَ ﷺ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ، وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ نَوَاةٍ تُسَبِّحُ بِهِنَّ، فَقَالَ: «قَدْ

wa-dakhala ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿalā ṣafiyyata, wa-bayna yadayhā ʾarbaʿatu ʾālāfi nawātin tusabbiḥu bihinna, fa-qāla: «qad

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) entered upon Safiyyah while she had four thousand date stones before her with which she was glorifying Allah. He said, “I have

(١) أَيْ تُقْسَمُ لَهُمْ.

(1) ʾay tuqsamu lahum.

(1) That is, apportioned to them.

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سَبَّحْتُ مُنْذُ وَقَفْتُ عَلَى رَأْسِكِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا». قَالَتْ: عَلِّمْنِي. قَالَ: «قُولِي: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا خَلَقَ» [د، مس].

sabbaḥtu mundhu waqaftu ʿalā raʾsiki ʾakthara min hādhā». qālat: ʿallimnī. qāla: «qūlī: subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā khalaqa» [د، مس].

glorified Allah more than this since I stood here beside you.” She said, “Teach me.” He said, “Say: ‘Glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all He has created’” [د، مس].

وَقَالَ ﷺ لِأَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ: «أُعَلِّمُكَ شَيْئًا هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ اللَّيْلَ مَعَ النَّهَارِ، وَالنَّهَارَ مَعَ اللَّيْلِ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا خَلَقَ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا خَلَقَ،

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam liʾabī al-dardāʾi: «ʾuʿallimuka shayʾan huwa ʾafḍalu min dhikri Allāhi al-layla maʿa al-nahāri, wa-l-nahāra maʿa al-layli: subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā khalaqa, wa-subḥāna Allāhi milʾa mā khalaqa,

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Abu al-Darda', “Shall I teach you something better than remembering Allah throughout the night and day? Glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all He has created; glory be to Allah in an amount filling all He has created;

وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا أَحْصَى كِتَابُهُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا أَحْصَى كِتَابُهُ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا خَلَقَ،

wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada kulli shayʾin, wa-subḥāna Allāhi milʾa kulli shayʾin, wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā ʾaḥṣā kitābuhu, wa-subḥāna Allāhi milʾa mā ʾaḥṣā kitābuhu, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿadada mā khalaqa,

glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all things; glory be to Allah in an amount filling all things; glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all that His Book has recorded; glory be to Allah in an amount filling all that His Book has recorded; all praise is due to Allah as many times as the number of all He has created;

وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا خَلَقَ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَدَدَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مِلْءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا أَحْصَى كِتَابُهُ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا أَحْصَى كِتَابُهُ» [ر، ط].

wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi milʾa mā khalaqa, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿadada kulli shayʾin, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi milʾa kulli shayʾin, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿadada mā ʾaḥṣā kitābuhu, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi milʾa mā ʾaḥṣā kitābuhu» [ر، ط].

all praise is due to Allah in an amount filling all He has created; all praise is due to Allah as many times as the number of all things; all praise is due to Allah in an amount filling all things; all praise is due to Allah as many times as the number of all that His Book has recorded; and all praise is due to Allah in an amount filling all that His Book has recorded” [ر، ط].

وَقَالَ لِأَبِي أُمَامَةَ: «أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِأَكْثَرَ - أَوْ: أَفْضَلَ - مِنْ ذِكْرِكَ اللَّيْلَ مَعَ النَّهَارِ، وَالنَّهَارَ مَعَ اللَّيْلِ، أَنْ تَقُولَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا خَلَقَ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا خَلَقَ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاءِ،

wa-qāla liʾabī ʾumāmata: «ʾalā ʾukhbiruka bi-ʾakthara - ʾaw: ʾafḍala - min dhikrika al-layla maʿa al-nahāri, wa-l-nahāra maʿa al-layli, ʾan taqūla: subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā khalaqa, subḥāna Allāhi milʾa mā khalaqa, subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā fī al-ʾarḍi wa-l-samāʾi,

He said to Abu Umamah, “Shall I tell you of something greater—or better—than your remembrance throughout the night and day? Say: Glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all He has created; glory be to Allah in an amount filling all He has created; glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all that is in the earth and the sky;

وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاءِ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ مَا أَحْصَى كِتَابُهُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ مَا أَحْصَى كِتَابُهُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مِلْءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ» [س، حب، مس].

wa-subḥāna Allāhi milʾa mā fī al-ʾarḍi wa-l-samāʾi, wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada mā ʾaḥṣā kitābuhu, wa-subḥāna Allāhi milʾa mā ʾaḥṣā kitābuhu, wa-subḥāna Allāhi ʿadada kulli shayʾin, wa-subḥāna Allāhi milʾa kulli shayʾin, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi mithla dhālika» [س، حب، مس].

glory be to Allah in an amount filling all that is in the earth and the sky; glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all that His Book has recorded; glory be to Allah in an amount filling all that His Book has recorded; glory be to Allah as many times as the number of all things; glory be to Allah in an amount filling all things; and all praise is due to Allah in the same measure” [س، حب، مس].

وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ (ط)، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعِ (سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ): (الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ)، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَيُسَبِّحُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ وَيُكَبِّرُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ (أ)، سِوَى التَّكْبِيرِ.

wa-kadhā rawāhu (ṭ), ʾillā ʾannahu qāla fī mawḍiʿi (subḥāna Allāhi): (al-ḥamdu li-llāhi), thumma qāla: wa-yusabbiḥu mithla dhālika wa-yukabbiru mithla dhālika, wa-kadhā rawāhu (ʾ), siwā al-takbīri.

It was likewise narrated by (ط), except that it has (All praise is due to Allah) in place of (Glory be to Allah). It then says, “One should glorify Allah in the same measure and magnify Him in the same measure.” It was likewise narrated by (أ), but without the magnification.

وَقَالَتْ سَلْمَى أُمُّ ابْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَخْبِرْنِي بِكَلِمَاتٍ، وَلَا تُكْثِرْ عَلَيَّ. فَقَالَ: «قُولِي عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ: (اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ)، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: هَذَا لِي.

wa-qālat salmā ʾummu ibni ʾabī rāfiʿin: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾakhbirnī bikalimātin, wa-lā tukthir ʿalayya. fa-qāla: «qūlī ʿashra marrātin: (Allāhu ʾakbaru), yaqūlu Allāhu: hādhā lī.

Salma, the mother of Ibn Abi Rafi', said, “O Messenger of Allah, teach me some words, but do not give me too many.” He said, “Say ten times, (Allah is greatest). Allah says, ‘This is for Me.’

وَقُولِي: (سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ) عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ؛ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: هَذَا لِي. وَقُولِي: (اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي)، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ. فَتَقُولِينَ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَيَقُولُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ» [ط].

wa-qūlī: (subḥāna Allāhi) ʿashra marrātin; yaqūlu Allāhu: hādhā lī. wa-qūlī: (Allāhumma ighfir lī), yaqūlu Allāhu: qad faʿaltu. fa-taqūlīna ʿashra marrātin, wa-yaqūlu: qad faʿaltu» [ط].

Say ten times, (Glory be to Allah). Allah says, ‘This is for Me.’ And say, (O Allah, forgive me). Allah says, ‘I have done so.’ You will say it ten times, and each time He will say, ‘I have done so’” [ط].

«أَفْضَلُ الْكَلَامِ: سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي وَبِحَمْدِهِ، سُبْحَانَ رَبِّي وَبِحَمْدِهِ» [ت]، وَ(سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ) وَ(الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ) تَمْلَآنِ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَ(الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ) تَمْلَأُ الْمِيزَانَ [م، ت].

«ʾafḍalu al-kalāmi: subḥāna rabbī wa-biḥamdihi, subḥāna rabbī wa-biḥamdihi» [ت], wa-(subḥāna Allāhi) wa-(al-ḥamdu li-llāhi) tamlaʾāni mā bayna al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi, wa-(al-ḥamdu li-llāhi) tamlaʾu al-mīzāna [م، ت].

“The best words are: ‘Glory be to my Lord and praise be to Him; glory be to my Lord and praise be to Him’” [ت]. (Glory be to Allah) and (All praise is due to Allah) fill what lies between heaven and earth, and (All praise is due to Allah) fills the Scale [م، ت].

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«أَحَبُّ الْكَلَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَرْبَعٌ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ. لَا يَضُرُّكَ بِأَيِّهِنَّ بَدَأْتَ» [م، ت].

«ʾaḥabbu al-kalāmi ʾilā Allāhi ʾarbaʿun: subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru. lā yaḍurruka biʾayyihinna badaʾta» [م، ت].

“The words dearest to Allah are four: Glory be to Allah; all praise is due to Allah; there is no deity but Allah; and Allah is greatest. It makes no difference which of them you begin with” [م، ت].

«هِيَ أَفْضَلُ الْكَلَامِ بَعْدَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَهُنَّ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ» (١) [أ]، مَنْ قَالَهَا كُتِبَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ حَرْفٍ عَشْرُ حَسَنَاتٍ [ط].

«hiya ʾafḍalu al-kalāmi baʿda al-qurʾāni, wa-hunna mina al-qurʾāni» (1) [أ], man qālahā kutiba lahu bikulli ḥarfin ʿashru ḥasanātin [ط].

“They are the best words after the Qur'an, and they are from the Qur'an” (1) [أ]. Whoever says them will have ten good deeds recorded for every letter [ط].

«لَأَنْ أَقُولَهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ» [م، ت، س، مص، عو].

«li-ʾan ʾaqūlahā ʾaḥabbu ʾilayya mimmā ṭalaʿat ʿalayhi al-shamsu» [م، ت، س، مص، عو].

“For me to say them is dearer than everything upon which the sun rises” [م، ت، س، مص، عو].

«إِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ طَيِّبَةُ التُّرْبَةِ، عَذْبَةُ الْمَاءِ، وَإِنَّهَا قِيعَانٌ (٢)، وَإِنَّ غِرَاسَهَا هَذِهِ» [ت].

«ʾinna al-jannata ṭayyibatu al-turbati, ʿadhbatu al-māʾi, wa-ʾinnahā qīʿānun (2), wa-ʾinna ghirāsahā hādhihi» [ت].

“Paradise has wholesome soil and sweet water. It consists of open plains (2), and these words are its plantings” [ت].

«يُغْرَسُ لَكَ بِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ شَجَرَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ» [ق، مس، طس].

«yughrasu laka bikulli wāḥidatin shajaratun fī al-jannati» [ق، مس، طس].

“For each one of these words, a tree will be planted for you in Paradise” [ق، مس، طس].

«خُذُوا جُنَّتَكُمْ (٣) مِنَ النَّارِ؛ قُولُوا - يَعْنِي - هَذِهِ، فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَأْتِينَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُجَنَّبَاتٍ، وَمُعَقِّبَاتٍ (٤)، وَهُنَّ الْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ» [س، مس، صط، طس].

«khudhū junnatakum (3) mina al-nāri; qūlū - yaʿnī - hādhihi, fa-ʾinnahunna yaʾtīna yawma al-qiyāmati mujannabātin, wa-muʿaqqibātin (4), wa-hunna al-bāqiyātu al-ṣāliḥātu» [س، مس، صط، طس].

“Take up your protection (3) against the Fire. Say these words, for on the Day of Resurrection they will come arrayed before you and following behind you (4). They are the enduring righteous deeds” [س، مس، صط، طس].

«وَكُلُّ تَسْبِيحَةٍ صَدَقَةٍ، وَكُلُّ تَحْمِيدَةٍ صَدَقَةٍ، وَكُلُّ تَهْلِيلَةٍ صَدَقَةٍ، وَكُلُّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ صَدَقَةٍ» [م، د].

«wa-kullu tasbīḥatin ṣadaqatin, wa-kullu taḥmīdatin ṣadaqatin, wa-kullu tahlīlatin ṣadaqatin, wa-kullu takbīratin ṣadaqatin» [م، د].

“Every utterance of ‘Glory be to Allah’ is an act of charity; every utterance of ‘All praise is due to Allah’ is an act of charity; every utterance of ‘There is no deity but Allah’ is an act of charity; and every utterance of ‘Allah is greatest’ is an act of charity” [م، د].

صَلَاةُ التَّسْبِيحِ

ṣalātu al-tasbīḥi

The Prayer of Glorification

وَهُنَّ اللَّوَاتِي يُقَلْنَ فِي صَلَاةِ التَّسْبِيحِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَمِّهِ الْعَبَّاسِ: «يَا عَبَّاسُ، يَا عَمَّاهُ، أَلَا أُعْطِيكَ، أَلَا أَمْنَحُكَ، أَلَا أَحْبُوكَ، أَلَا أَفْعَلُ بِكَ ...» عَشْرَ خِصَالٍ: «إِذَا أَنْتَ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ ذَنْبَكَ،

wa-hunna allawātī yuqalna fī ṣalāti al-tasbīḥi, wa-dhālika ʾannahu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam qāla liʿammihi al-ʿabbāsi: «yā ʿabbāsu, yā ʿammāhu, ʾalā ʾuʿṭīka, ʾalā ʾamnaḥuka, ʾalā ʾaḥbūka, ʾalā ʾafʿalu bika...» ʿashra khiṣālin: «ʾidhā ʾanta faʿalta dhālika ghafara Allāhu laka dhanbaka,

These are the words said in the Prayer of Glorification. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to his uncle al-'Abbas, “O 'Abbas! O my uncle! Shall I not give you something, bestow something upon you, grant you a gift, and do for you … ten things? If you do this, Allah will forgive your sins:

أَوَّلَهُ وَآخِرَهُ، قَدِيمَهُ وَحَدِيثَهُ، خَطَأَهُ وَعَمْدَهُ، صَغِيرَهُ وَكَبِيرَهُ، سِرَّهُ وَعَلَانِيَتَهُ ...» عَشْرَ خِصَالٍ: «أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، تَقْرَأُ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَسُورَةً، فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ مِنَ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي أَوَّلِ رَكْعَةٍ، وَأَنْتَ قَائِمٌ،

ʾawwalahu wa-ʾākhirahu, qadīmahu wa-ḥadīthahu, khaṭaʾahu wa-ʿamdahu, ṣaghīrahu wa-kabīrahu, sirrahu wa-ʿalāniyatahu...» ʿashra khiṣālin: «ʾan tuṣalliya ʾarbaʿa rakaʿātin, taqraʾu fī kulli rakʿatin fātiḥata al-kitābi wa-sūratan, fa-ʾidhā faraghta mina al-qirāʾati fī ʾawwali rakʿatin, wa-ʾanta qāʾimun,

the first and the last, the old and the recent, the inadvertent and the deliberate, the minor and the major, the secret and the public …”—ten categories. “Pray four units of prayer, reciting the Opening of the Book and another surah in each unit. When you finish the recitation in the first unit while still standing,

قُلْتَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ. خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مَرَّةً، ثُمَّ تَرْكَعُ، فَتَقُولُهَا وَأَنْتَ رَاكِعٌ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَرْفَعُ رَأْسَكَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ، فَتَقُولُهَا عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَهْوِي سَاجِدًا، فَتَقُولُهَا عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَرْفَعُ

qulta: subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru. khamsa ʿashrata marratan, thumma tarkaʿu, fa-taqūluhā wa-ʾanta rākiʿun ʿashran, thumma tarfaʿu raʾsaka mina al-rukūʿi, fa-taqūluhā ʿashran, thumma tahwī sājidan, fa-taqūluhā ʿashran, thumma tarfaʿu

say: Glory be to Allah; all praise is due to Allah; there is no deity but Allah; and Allah is greatest—fifteen times. Then bow and say them ten times while bowing. Then raise your head from the bow and say them ten times. Then descend into prostration and say them ten times. Then raise

(١) أَيْ أَنَّ التَّسْبِيحَ وَالتَّحْمِيدَ وَالتَّكْبِيرَ وَالتَّهْلِيلَ ثَابِتٌ فِي الْقُرْآنِ بِتِلْكَ الصِّيغِ الْقُرْآنِيَّةِ.

(1) ʾay ʾanna al-tasbīḥa wa-l-taḥmīda wa-l-takbīra wa-l-tahlīla thābitun fī al-qurʾāni bitilka al-ṣīghi al-qurʾāniyyati.

(1) That is, glorifying Allah, praising Him, magnifying Him, and declaring His oneness are all established in the Qur'an in these Qur'anic formulas.

(٢) جَمْعُ قَاعٍ وَهُوَ الْمَكَانُ الْمُسْتَوِي الْوَاسِعُ. وَقِيلَ الْأَرْضُ الْخَالِيَةُ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ.

(2) jamʿu qāʿin wa-huwa al-makānu al-mustawī al-wāsiʿu. wa-qīla al-ʾarḍu al-khāliyatu mina al-shajari.

(2) The plural of qa', meaning a broad, level place. It is also said to mean land bare of trees.

(٣) أَيْ مَا يَسْتُرُكُمْ وَيَقِيكُمْ.

(3) ʾay mā yasturukum wa-yaqīkum.

(3) That is, something that covers and protects you.

(٤) مُجَنَّبَاتٌ: أَيْ مُقَدِّمَاتٍ أَمَامَكُمْ. وَمُعَقِّبَاتٌ: أَيْ مُؤَخَّرَاتٌ يَعْقُبُونَكُمْ مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ وَمُجَنَّبَاتٍ مِنْ أَمَامِكُمْ.

(4) mujannabātun: ʾay muqaddimātin ʾamāmakum. wa-muʿaqqibātun: ʾay muʾakhkharātun yaʿqubūnakum min warāʾikum wa-mujannabātin min ʾamāmikum.

(4) Mujannabat means those placed ahead of you. Mu'aqqibat means those placed behind you, following at your rear, while the mujannabat are in front of you.

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مِنَ السُّجُودِ، فَتَقُولُهَا عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَسْجُدُ فَتَقُولُهَا عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ تَرْفَعُ رَأْسَكَ مِنَ السُّجُودِ فَتَقُولُهَا عَشْرًا، قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقُومَ، فَذَلِكَ خَمْسٌ وَسَبْعُونَ مَرَّةً فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ، تَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي أَرْبَعِ رَكَعَاتٍ،

mina al-sujūdi, fa-taqūluhā ʿashran, thumma tasjudu fa-taqūluhā ʿashran, thumma tarfaʿu raʾsaka mina al-sujūdi fa-taqūluhā ʿashran, qabla ʾan taqūma, fa-dhālika khamsun wa-sabʿūna marratan fī kulli rakʿatin, tafʿalu dhālika fī ʾarbaʿi rakaʿātin,

your head from the prostration and say them ten times. Then prostrate again and say them ten times. Then raise your head from the prostration and, before standing up, say them ten times. That makes seventy-five times in each unit of prayer. Do this in four units.

إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَهَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَرَّةً فَافْعَلْ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَفِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ مَرَّةً، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَفِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ مَرَّةً، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَفِي عُمْرِكَ مَرَّةً» [د، مس، حب].

ʾini istaṭaʿta ʾan tuṣalliyahā fī kulli yawmin marratan fa-ifʿal, fa-ʾin lam tafʿal fa-fī kulli shahrin marratan, fa-ʾin lam tafʿal fa-fī kulli sanatin marratan, fa-ʾin lam tafʿal fa-fī ʿumrika marratan» [د، مس، حب].

If you can perform this prayer once every day, do so. If you cannot, then once every month; if you cannot, then once every year; and if you cannot, then once in your lifetime” [د، مس، حب].

وَهِيَ مَعَ: (وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ)، فَإِنَّهُنَّ الْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ، وَهُنَّ يَحْطُطْنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا تَحُطُّ الشَّجَرَةُ وَرَقَهَا، وَهُنَّ مِنْ كُنُوزِ الْجَنَّةِ [ط].

wa-hiya maʿa: (wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi), fa-ʾinnahunna al-bāqiyātu al-ṣāliḥātu, wa-hunna yaḥṭuṭna al-khaṭāyā kamā taḥuṭṭu al-shajaratu waraqahā, wa-hunna min kunūzi al-jannati [ط].

Together with (There is no power and no strength except through Allah), these are the enduring righteous deeds. They cause sins to fall away just as a tree sheds its leaves, and they are among the treasures of Paradise [ط].

«تُجْزِئُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُهُ» [مص].

«tujziʾu mina al-qurʾāni man lā yastaṭīʿuhu» [مص].

“These words suffice in place of the Qur'an for someone unable to recite it” [مص].

وَكَذَلِكَ مَعَ: (اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي، وَعَافِنِي، وَاهْدِنِي) تُجْزِئُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ لِمَنْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُهُ، مَنْ أَخَذَهُ فَقَدْ مَلَأَ يَدَهُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ [د، س].

wa-ka-dhālika maʿa: (Allāhumma irḥamnī, wa-urzuqnī, wa-ʿāfinī, wa-ihdinī) tujziʾu mina al-qurʾāni liman lā yastaṭīʿuhu, man ʾakhadhahu fa-qad malaʾa yadahu mina al-khayri [د، س].

Likewise, together with (O Allah, have mercy on me, provide for me, grant me well-being, and guide me), they suffice in place of the Qur'an for someone unable to recite it. Whoever takes hold of this has filled his hand with goodness [د، س].

وَهِيَ أَيْضًا بِغَيْرِ الدُّعَاءِ مَعَ: (وَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ)، قُيِّضَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مَلَكٌ، فَضَمَّهُنَّ تَحْتَ جَنَاحِهِ، وَصَعِدَ بِهِنَّ، لَا يَمُرُّ بِهِنَّ عَلَى جَمْعٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَّا اسْتَغْفَرُوا لِقَائِلِهِنَّ، حَتَّى يُحَيِّيَ بِهِنَّ وَجْهَ الرَّحْمَنِ [مو، مس].

wa-hiya ʾayḍan bighayri al-duʿāʾi maʿa: (wa-tabāraka Allāhu), quyyiḍa ʿalayhinna malakun, fa-ḍammahunna taḥta janāḥihi, wa-ṣaʿida bihinna, lā yamurru bihinna ʿalā jamʿin mina al-malāʾikati ʾillā istaghfarū liqāʾilihinna, ḥattā yuḥayyiya bihinna wajha al-raḥmāni [مو، مس].

These words, without the supplication but with (Blessed is Allah), are entrusted to an angel. He gathers them beneath his wing and ascends with them. Whenever he passes a gathering of angels, they ask forgiveness for the one who uttered them, until he greets the Face of the Most Compassionate with them [مو، مس].

«إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى مِنَ الْكَلَامِ أَرْبَعًا: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ. فَمَنْ قَالَ: (سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ) كُتِبَ لَهُ عِشْرُونَ حَسَنَةً، وَحُطَّتْ عَنْهُ عِشْرُونَ سَيِّئَةً، وَمَنْ قَالَ: (الْحَمْدُ [ط] لِلَّهِ) فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ،

«ʾinna Allāha iṣṭafā mina al-kalāmi ʾarbaʿan: subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru. fa-man qāla: (subḥāna Allāhi) kutiba lahu ʿishrūna ḥasanatan, wa-ḥuṭṭat ʿanhu ʿishrūna sayyiʾatan, wa-man qāla: (al-ḥamdu [ط] li-llāhi) fa-mithlu dhālika,

“Allah has chosen four utterances: Glory be to Allah; all praise is due to Allah; there is no deity but Allah; and Allah is greatest. Whoever says (Glory be to Allah) will have twenty good deeds recorded for him and twenty bad deeds erased from him. Whoever says (All praise [ط] is due to Allah) will receive the same;

وَمَنْ قَالَ: (اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ) فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: (لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) فَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: (الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ) مِنْ قِبَلِ نَفْسِهِ (١)، كُتِبَ لَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ حَسَنَةً، وَحُطَّتْ عَنْهُ ثَلَاثُونَ سَيِّئَةً ...» [س، أ، مس، ر].

wa-man qāla: (Allāhu ʾakbaru) fa-mithlu dhālika, wa-man qāla: (lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu) fa-mithlu dhālika, wa-man qāla: (al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīna) min qibali nafsihi (1), kutiba lahu thalāthūna ḥasanatan, wa-ḥuṭṭat ʿanhu thalāthūna sayyiʾatan...» [س، أ، مس، ر].

whoever says (Allah is greatest) will receive the same; and whoever says (There is no deity but Allah) will receive the same. Whoever says (All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds) on his own initiative (1) will have thirty good deeds recorded for him and thirty bad deeds erased from him …” [س، أ، مس، ر].

«أَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ عَمَلًا؟» قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ يَسْتَطِيعُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «كُلُّكُمْ يَسْتَطِيعُهُ». قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَاذَا؟

«ʾamā yastaṭīʿu ʾaḥadukum ʾan yaʿmala kulla yawmin mithla ʾuḥudin ʿamalan?» qālū: yā rasūla Allāhi, wa-man yastaṭīʿu dhālika? qāla: «kullukum yastaṭīʿuhu». qālū: yā rasūla Allāhi, mādhā?

“Can none of you perform deeds equal to Mount Uhud every day?” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, who could do that?” He said, “Every one of you can.” They asked, “O Messenger of Allah, what is it?”

قَالَ: «(سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ) أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أُحُدٍ، وَ(لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أُحُدٍ، وَ(الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ) أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أُحُدٍ، وَ(اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ) أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أُحُدٍ» [د، ط].

qāla: «(subḥāna Allāhi) ʾaʿẓamu min ʾuḥudin, wa-(lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu) ʾaʿẓamu min ʾuḥudin, wa-(al-ḥamdu li-llāhi) ʾaʿẓamu min ʾuḥudin, wa-(Allāhu ʾakbaru) ʾaʿẓamu min ʾuḥudin» [د، ط].

He said, “(Glory be to Allah) is greater than Mount Uhud; (There is no deity but Allah) is greater than Mount Uhud; (All praise is due to Allah) is greater than Mount Uhud; and (Allah is greatest) is greater than Mount Uhud” [د، ط].

(١) يَعْنِي مِنْ عِنْدِ نَفْسِهِ، يَعْنِي زِيَادَةً عَلَى مَا ذُكِرَ أَوَّلًا مِنْ التَّسْبِيحِ وَمَا ذُكِرَ بَعْدَهُ.

(1) yaʿnī min ʿindi nafsihi, yaʿnī ziyādatan ʿalā mā dhukira ʾawwalan min al-tasbīḥi wa-mā dhukira baʿdahu.

(1) That is, he says it of his own accord, as an addition to the glorification mentioned first and the phrases mentioned after it.

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«(سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ) مِائَةً تَعْدِلُ مِائَةَ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَ(الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ) مِائَةً تَعْدِلُ مِائَةَ فَرَسٍ مُسْرَجَةٍ مُلْجَمَةٍ، يُحْمِلُ عَلَيْهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ،

«(subḥāna Allāhi) miʾatan taʿdilu miʾata raqabatin min waladi ʾismāʿīla, wa-(al-ḥamdu li-llāhi) miʾatan taʿdilu miʾata fa-rasin musrajatin muljamatin, yuḥmilu ʿalayhā fī sabīli Allāhi,

“Saying (Glory be to Allah) one hundred times is equivalent to freeing one hundred slaves descended from Ishmael. Saying (All praise is due to Allah) one hundred times is equivalent to providing one hundred saddled and bridled horses to carry riders in the cause of Allah.

وَ(اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ) مِائَةً تَعْدِلُ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ مُقَلَّدَةٍ، مُتَقَبَّلَةٍ [س، ق، مس، ط، مص] تُنْحَرُ بِمَكَّةَ [ط]، وَ(لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ) تَمْلَأُ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ» [س، ق، مس، أ، ط].

wa-(Allāhu ʾakbaru) miʾatan taʿdilu miʾata badanatin muqalladatin, mutaqabbalatin [س، ق، مس، ط، مص] tunḥaru bimakkata [ط], wa-(lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu) tamlaʾu mā bayna al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi» [س، ق، مس، أ، ط].

Saying (Allah is greatest) one hundred times is equivalent to offering one hundred garlanded sacrificial camels that are accepted [س، ق، مس، ط، مص] and slaughtered in Mecca [ط]. And (There is no deity but Allah) fills what lies between heaven and earth” [س، ق، مس، أ، ط].

«بَخٍ بَخٍ بِخَمْسٍ (١)، مَا أَثْقَلَهُنَّ فِي الْمِيزَانِ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَالْوَلَدُ الصَّالِحُ يُتَوَفَّى لِلْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ فَيَحْتَسِبُهُ» [س، حب، مس، ر، أ، ط].

«bakhin bakhin bikhamsin (1), mā ʾathqalahunna fī al-mīzāni: lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-Allāhu ʾakbaru, wa-l-waladu al-ṣāliḥu yutawaffā li-l-marʾi al-muslimi fa-yaḥtasibuhu» [س، حب، مس، ر، أ، ط].

“How wonderful—how wonderful—are these five things (1)! How heavy they are in the Scale: There is no deity but Allah; glory be to Allah; all praise is due to Allah; Allah is greatest; and the death of a righteous child, when the Muslim parent seeks reward from Allah for the loss” [س، حب، مس، ر، أ، ط].

«إِنَّ مِمَّا تَذْكُرُونَ مِنْ جَلَالِ اللَّهِ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، يَنْعَطِفْنَ حَوْلَ الْعَرْشِ، لَهُنَّ دَوِيٌّ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ، تُذَكِّرُ بِصَاحِبِهَا، أَمَا يُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ - أَوْ لَا يَزَالُ - مَنْ يُذَكَّرُ بِهِ؟» [ق، مس].

«ʾinna mimmā tadhkurūna min jalāli Allāhi: subḥāna Allāhi, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, yanʿaṭifna ḥawla al-ʿarshi, lahunna dawiyyun kadawiyyi al-naḥli, tudhakkiru biṣāḥibihā, ʾamā yuḥibbu ʾaḥadukum ʾan yakūna - ʾaw lā yazālu - man yudhakkaru bihi?» [ق، مس].

“Among the words with which you proclaim Allah's majesty are: Glory be to Allah; there is no deity but Allah; and all praise is due to Allah. They circle around the Throne, humming like bees, and keep the one who uttered them in remembrance. Would any of you not love to have something—or always have something—that mentions him?” [ق، مس].

«اسْتَكْثِرُوا مِنَ الْبَاقِيَاتِ الصَّالِحَاتِ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [س، حب].

«istakthirū mina al-bāqiyāti al-ṣāliḥāti: Allāhu ʾakbaru, wa-lā ʾilāha ʾillā Allāhu, wa-subḥāna Allāhi, wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [س، حب].

“Say often the enduring righteous deeds: Allah is greatest; there is no deity but Allah; glory be to Allah; all praise is due to Allah; and there is no power and no strength except through Allah” [س، حب].

«قُلْ: لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ. فَإِنَّهَا كَنْزٌ مِنْ كُنُوزِ الْجَنَّةِ» [ع، أ، ر، ط].

«qul: lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi. fa-ʾinnahā kanzun min kunūzi al-jannati» [ع، أ، ر، ط].

“Say: There is no power and no strength except through Allah, for it is a treasure from the treasures of Paradise” [ع، أ، ر، ط].

بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ [أ، ط]، غِرَاسُ الْجَنَّةِ [حب، أ، ط].

bābun min ʾabwābi al-jannati [أ، ط], ghirāsu al-jannati [حب، أ، ط].

A Gate of Paradise [أ، ط]; a Planting of Paradise [حب، أ، ط].

وَتَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهَا دَوَاءٌ مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ وَتِسْعِينَ دَاءً أَيْسَرُهَا الْهَمُّ [مس، ط].

wa-taqaddama ʾannahā dawāʾun min tisʿatin wa-tisʿīna dāʾan ʾaysaruhā al-hammu [مس، ط].

It was stated earlier that it is a remedy for ninety-nine ailments, the least of which is anxiety [مس، ط].

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُهَا، فَقَالَ: «مَا تَدْرِي مَا تَفْسِيرُهَا؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ: «لَا حَوْلَ عَنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِعِصْمَةِ اللَّهِ،

kuntu ʿinda rasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, fa-qultuhā, fa-qāla: «mā tadrī mā tafsīruhā?» qultu: Allāhu wa-rasūluhu ʾaʿlamu. qāla: «lā ḥawla ʿan maʿṣiyati Allāhi ʾillā biʿiṣmati Allāhi,

I was with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I said these words. He asked, “Do you know what they mean?” I replied, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said, “There is no power to turn away from disobedience to Allah except through Allah's protection,

وَلَا قُوَّةَ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا بِعَوْنِ اللَّهِ [د]»، وَهِيَ مَعَ: (وَلَا مَنْجَا (٢) مِنَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ) كَنْزٌ مِنْ كُنُوزِ الْجَنَّةِ [س، ر].

wa-lā quwwata ʿalā ṭāʿati Allāhi ʾillā biʿawni Allāhi [د]», wa-hiya maʿa: (wa-lā manjā (2) mina Allāhi ʾillā ʾilayhi) kanzun min kunūzi al-jannati [س، ر].

and no strength to obey Allah except through Allah's aid [د].” Together with (There is no escape (2) from Allah except to Him), it is a treasure from the treasures of Paradise [س، ر].

«مَنْ قَالَ: رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ رَسُولًا (نَبِيًّا) [م، د]. وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ» [س، م، د، مص].

«man qāla: raḍītu bi-llāhi rabban, wa-bi-l-ʾislāmi dīnan, wa-bimuḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam rasūlan (nabiyyan) [م، د]. wajabat lahu al-jannatu» [س، م، د، مص].

“Whoever says, ‘I am content with Allah as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) as Messenger (Prophet) [م، د],’ Paradise becomes his due” [س، م، د، مص].

«مَنْ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، إِنِّي أَعْهَدُ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، وَأَنَّ

«man qāla: Allāhumma rabba al-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi, ʿālima al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, ʾinnī ʾaʿhadu ʾilayka fī hādhihi al-ḥayāti al-dunyā ʾannī ʾashhadu ʾan lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta, waḥdaka lā sharīka laka, wa-ʾanna

“Whoever says, ‘O Allah, Lord of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, I make this covenant with You in this worldly life: I bear witness that there is no deity but You alone, without partner, and that

(١) كَلِمَةٌ تُقَالُ عِنْدَ إِرَادَةِ الْمُبَالَغَةِ فِي الشَّيْءِ، وَقَدْ تُقَالُ عِنْدَ الرِّضَا بِالشَّيْءِ.

(1) kalimatun tuqālu ʿinda ʾirādati al-mubālaghati fī al-shayʾi, wa-qad tuqālu ʿinda al-riḍā bi-l-shayʾi.

(1) This is an expression used to emphasize admiration for something; it may also be used to express satisfaction with it.

(٢) هُوَ مَا تَكُونُ بِهِ النَّجَاةُ.

(2) huwa mā takūnu bihi al-najātu.

(2) That by which deliverance is attained.

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مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُكَ وَرَسُولُكَ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي تُقَرِّبْنِي مِنَ الشَّرِّ، وَتُبَاعِدْنِي مِنَ الْخَيْرِ، وَإِنِّي لَا أَثِقُ إِلَّا بِرَحْمَتِكَ، فَاجْعَلْ لِي عِنْدَكَ عَهْدًا تُوَفِّينِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ،

muḥammadan ʿabduka wa-rasūluka, fa-ʾinnaka ʾin takilnī ʾilā nafsī tuqarribnī mina al-sharri, wa-tubāʿidnī mina al-khayri, wa-ʾinnī lā ʾathiqu ʾillā biraḥmatika, fa-ijʿal lī ʿindaka ʿahdan tuwaffīnīhi yawma al-qiyāmati,

Muhammad is Your servant and Messenger. If You leave me to myself, it will draw me nearer to evil and farther from good. I trust in nothing but Your mercy, so grant me a covenant with You that You will fulfill for me on the Day of Resurrection,

إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ. إِلَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ: إِنَّ عَبْدِي عَهِدَ عِنْدِي عَهْدًا فَأَوْفُوهُ إِيَّاهُ. فَيُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْجَنَّةَ».

ʾinnaka lā tukhlifu al-mīʿāda. ʾillā qāla Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla yawma al-qiyāmati limalāʾikatihi: ʾinna ʿabdī ʿahida ʿindī ʿahdan fa-ʾawfūhu ʾiyyāhu. fa-yudkhiluhu Allāhu ʿazza wa-jalla al-jannata».

for You never break Your promise,’ Allah Almighty will say to His angels on the Day of Resurrection, ‘My servant made a covenant with Me, so fulfill it for him.’ Allah Almighty will then admit him to Paradise.”

قَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: فَأَخْبَرْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ عَوْفًا أَخْبَرَنِي بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ: مَا فِي أَهْلِنَا جَارِيَةٌ إِلَّا وَهِيَ تَقُولُ هَذَا فِي خِدْرِهَا [أ].

qāla suhaylun: fa-ʾakhbartu al-qāsima bna ʿabdi al-raḥmāni ʾanna ʿawfan ʾakhbaranī bikadhā wa-kadhā, fa-qāla: mā fī ʾahlinā jāriyatun ʾillā wa-hiya taqūlu hādhā fī khidrihā [أ].

Suhayl said, “I told al-Qasim ibn 'Abd al-Rahman that 'Awf had told me such and such.” He replied, “Every young woman in our household says this in her private chamber” [أ].

وَلَمَّا جَلَسَ الرَّجُلُ وَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ حَمْدًا كَثِيرًا، طَيِّبًا، مُبَارَكًا فِيهِ، كَمَا يُحِبُّ رَبُّنَا وَيَرْضَى. فَقَالَ ﷺ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ،

wa-lammā jalasa al-rajulu wa-qāla: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ḥamdan kathīran, ṭayyiban, mubārakan fīhi, kamā yuḥibbu rabbunā wa-yarḍā. fa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «wa-alladhī nafsī biyadihi,

When the man sat down, he said, “All praise is due to Allah—abundant, wholesome, and blessed praise, as our Lord loves and is pleased with.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “By Him in whose hand is my soul,

لَقَدِ ابْتَدَرَهَا عَشَرَةُ أَمْلَاكٍ، كُلُّهُمْ حَرِيصٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَكْتُبُوهَا، فَمَا دَرَوْا كَيْفَ يَكْتُبُونَهَا، حَتَّى رَفَعُوهَا إِلَى ذِي الْعِزَّةِ، فَقَالَ: اكْتُبُوهَا كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدِي» [حب، س].

laqadi ibtadarahā ʿasharatu ʾamlākin, kulluhum ḥarīṣun ʿalā ʾan yaktubūhā, fa-mā daraw kayfa yaktubūnahā, ḥattā rafaʿūhā ʾilā dhī al-ʿizzati, fa-qāla: uktubūhā kamā qāla ʿabdī» [حب، س].

ten angels rushed to record these words, each one eager to write them down. They did not know how to record them, so they raised them to the Possessor of Might, who said, ‘Record them just as My servant said them’” [حب، س].

الِاسْتِغْفَارُ

al-istighfāru

Seeking Forgiveness

وَتَقَدَّمَ سَيِّدُ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ [خ، س].

wa-taqaddama sayyidu al-istighfāri [خ، س].

The supreme formula for seeking forgiveness was given earlier [خ، س].

«إِنِّي لَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً» [ص، طس].

«ʾinnī li-ʾastaghfiru Allāha wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayhi fī al-yawmi sabʿīna marratan» [ص، طس].

“I seek Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him seventy times a day” [ص، طس].

أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً [خ، س، ق، طس]، مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ [طس، مص].

ʾakthara min sabʿīna marratan [خ، س، ق، طس], miʾata marratin [طس، مص].

More than seventy times [خ، س، ق، طس]; one hundred times [طس، مص].

«تُوبُوا إِلَى رَبِّكُمْ، فَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [عو].

«tūbū ʾilā rabbikum, fa-ʾinnī ʾatūbu ʾilayhi fī al-yawmi miʾata marratin» [عو].

“Repent to your Lord, for I repent to Him one hundred times a day” [عو].

«مَا أَصَرَّ مَنْ اسْتَغْفَرَ - وَلَوْ عَادَ - فِي الْيَوْمِ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً» [د].

«mā ʾaṣarra man istaghfara - wa-law ʿāda - fī al-yawmi sabʿīna marratan» [د].

“A person who seeks forgiveness has not persisted in sin, even if he returns to it seventy times in a day” [د].

«إِنَّهُ لَيُغَانُ (١) عَلَى قَلْبِي، وَإِنِّي لَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ فِي الْيَوْمِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ» [م، د، س].

«ʾinnahu layughānu (1) ʿalā qalbī, wa-ʾinnī li-ʾastaghfiru Allāha fī al-yawmi miʾata marratin» [م، د، س].

“At times a veil comes over my heart (1), and I seek Allah's forgiveness one hundred times a day” [م، د، س].

«وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ أَخْطَأْتُمْ حَتَّى تَمْلَأَ خَطَايَاكُمْ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرْتُمُ اللَّهَ لَغُفِرَ لَكُمْ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ لَمْ تُخْطِئُوا لَجَاءَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُخْطِئُونَ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ، فَيُغْفِرُ لَهُمْ» [أ، ص].

«wa-alladhī nafsī biyadihi, law ʾakhṭaʾtum ḥattā tamlaʾa khaṭāyākum mā bayna al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi, thumma istaghfartumu Allāha laghufira lakum, wa-alladhī nafsu muḥammadin biyadihi, law lam tukhṭiʾū lajāʾa Allāhu biqawmin yukhṭiʾūna thumma yastaghfirūna, fa-yughfiru lahum» [أ، ص].

“By Him in whose hand is my soul, if you sinned until your sins filled all that lies between heaven and earth, and then sought Allah's forgiveness, He would forgive you. By Him in whose hand is Muhammad's soul, if you did not sin, Allah would bring a people who would sin and then seek forgiveness, and He would forgive them” [أ، ص].

(١) الْمُرَادُ هُنَا مَا يَغْشَى الْقَلْبَ وَيُغَطِّيهِ، وَقِيلَ الْمُرَادُ مَا يُعْرَضُ مِنْ غَفَلَاتِ الْقُلُوبِ عَنْ مُدَاوَمَةِ الذِّكْرِ، وَقِيلَ الْمُرَادُ هُنَا مَا يُعْرَضُ مِنْ الْغَفْلَةِ وَالسَّهْوِ الَّذِي لَا يَخْلُو مِنْهُ الْبَشَرُ.

(1) al-murādu hunā mā yaghshā al-qalba wa-yughaṭṭīhi, wa-qīla al-murādu mā yuʿraḍu min ghafalāti al-qulūbi ʿan mudāwamati al-dhikri, wa-qīla al-murādu hunā mā yuʿraḍu min al-ghaflati wa-l-sahwi alladhī lā yakhlū minhu al-basharu.

(1) What is meant here is something that comes over the heart and covers it. It is also said to mean the lapses in which hearts fail to remember Allah continually, or the heedlessness and forgetfulness from which no human being is entirely free.

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«وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ لَمْ تُذْنِبُوا لَذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ، وَلَجَاءَ بِقَوْمٍ يُذْنِبُونَ، فَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ اللَّهَ، فَيَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ» [م].

«wa-alladhī nafsī biyadihi, law lam tudhnibū ladhahaba Allāhu bikum, wa-lajāʾa biqawmin yudhnibūna, fa-yastaghfirūna Allāha, fa-yaghfiru lahum» [م].

“By Him in whose hand is my soul, if you did not sin, Allah would remove you and bring a people who would sin, then seek Allah's forgiveness, and He would forgive them” [م].

«مَنِ اسْتَغْفَرَ اللَّهَ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ» [ت، س].

«mani istaghfara Allāha ghafara Allāhu lahu» [ت، س].

“Whoever seeks Allah's forgiveness, Allah will forgive him” [ت، س].

«مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ تَسُرَّهُ صَحِيفَتُهُ (١) فَلْيُكْثِرْ فِيهَا مِنَ الِاسْتِغْفَارِ» [طس].

«man ʾaḥabba ʾan tasurrahu ṣaḥīfatuhu (1) fa-lyukthir fīhā mina al-istighfāri» [طس].

“Whoever wishes to be delighted by his record (1) should fill it with abundant pleas for forgiveness” [طس].

«مَا مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ يَعْمَلُ ذَنْبًا إِلَّا وَقَفَ الْمَلَكُ الْمُوَكَّلُ بِإِحْصَاءِ ذُنُوبِهِ ثَلَاثَ سَاعَاتٍ، فَإِنِ اسْتَغْفَرَ اللَّهَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ ذَلِكَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ السَّاعَاتِ لَمْ يُوقِفْهُ عَلَيْهِ (٢)، وَلَمْ يُعَذَّبْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» [مس].

«mā min muslimin yaʿmalu dhanban ʾillā waqafa al-malaku al-muwakkalu bi-ʾiḥṣāʾi dhunūbihi thalātha sāʿātin, fa-ʾini istaghfara Allāha min dhanbihi dhālika fī shayʾin min tilka al-sāʿāti lam yūqifhu ʿalayhi (2), wa-lam yuʿadhdhab yawma al-qiyāmati» [مس].

“Whenever a Muslim commits a sin, the angel charged with recording his sins waits for three hours. If the person seeks Allah's forgiveness for that sin at any time during those hours, the angel will not bring it against him (2), and he will not be punished for it on the Day of Resurrection” [مس].

«إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ قَالَ لِرَبِّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَعِزَّتِكَ وَجَلَالِكَ، لَا أَبْرَحُ أُغْوِي بَنِي آدَمَ مَا دَامَتِ الْأَرْوَاحُ فِيهِمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ: فَبِعِزَّتِي وَجَلَالِي، لَا أَبْرَحُ أَغْفِرُ مَا اسْتَغْفَرُونِي» [أ، ص].

«ʾinna ʾiblīsa qāla lirabbihi ʿazza wa-jalla: wa-ʿizzatika wa-jalālika, lā ʾabraḥu ʾughwī banī ʾādama mā dāmati al-ʾarwāḥu fīhim. fa-qāla lahu rabbuhu: fa-biʿizzatī wa-jalālī, lā ʾabraḥu ʾaghfiru mā istaghfarūnī» [أ، ص].

“Iblis said to his Lord Almighty, ‘By Your might and majesty, I will never cease leading the children of Adam astray as long as their souls remain in them.’ His Lord said to him, ‘By My might and majesty, I will never cease forgiving them as long as they seek My forgiveness’” [أ، ص].

وَتَقَدَّمَ حَدِيثُ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: وَاذُنُوبَاهْ [مس].

wa-taqaddama ḥadīthu al-rajuli alladhī jāʾa ʾilā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fa-qāla: wā-dhunūbāh [مس].

The hadith about the man who came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and cried, “Alas for my sins!” was given earlier [مس].

«مَا مِنْ حَافِظَيْنِ يَرْفَعَانِ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي يَوْمٍ صَحِيفَةٍ، فَيَرَى فِي أَوَّلِ الصَّحِيفَةِ وَفِي آخِرِهَا اسْتِغْفَارًا إِلَّا قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي مَا بَيْنَ طَرَفَيِ الصَّحِيفَةِ» [ت].

«mā min ḥāfiẓayni yarfaʿāni ʾilā Allāhi fī yawmin ṣaḥīfatin, fa-yarā fī ʾawwali al-ṣaḥīfati wa-fī ʾākhirihā istighfāran ʾillā qāla tabāraka wa-taʿālā: qad ghafartu liʿabdī mā bayna ṭarafayi al-ṣaḥīfati» [ت].

“No two recording angels raise a day's record to Allah and He sees a plea for forgiveness at both its beginning and its end without Blessed and Exalted Allah saying, ‘I have forgiven My servant for whatever lies between the two ends of the record’” [ت].

«مَنِ اسْتَغْفَرَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ وَمُؤْمِنَةٍ حَسَنَةً» [ط].

«mani istaghfara li-l-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti kataba Allāhu lahu bikulli muʾminin wa-muʾminatin ḥasanatan» [ط].

“Whoever seeks forgiveness for the believing men and women will have one good deed recorded by Allah for every believing man and woman” [ط].

وَتَقَدَّمَ: مَنْ لَزِمَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ وَمَنْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ، جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ ضِيقٍ مَخْرَجًا ... الْحَدِيثُ [د، س، حب، ق].

wa-taqaddama: man lazima al-istighfāra wa-man ʾakthara minhu, jaʿala Allāhu lahu min kulli ḍīqin makhrajan... al-ḥadīthu [د، س، حب، ق].

It was stated earlier: “Whoever constantly seeks forgiveness and does so abundantly, Allah will provide him a way out of every distress …” to the end of the hadith [د، س، حب، ق].

وَتَقَدَّمَ: مَنْ اسْتَغْفَرَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ ... الْحَدِيثُ [ط].

wa-taqaddama: man istaghfara li-l-muʾminīna wa-l-muʾmināti kulla yawmin... al-ḥadīthu [ط].

It was stated earlier: “Whoever seeks forgiveness for the believing men and women every day …” to the end of the hadith [ط].

وَتَقَدَّمَ حَدِيثُ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي جَاءَهُ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَحَدُنَا يُذْنِبُ، قَالَ: «يُكْتَبُ عَلَيْهِ»؛ قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرُ، قَالَ: «يُغْفَرُ لَهُ» [طس، ط].

wa-taqaddama ḥadīthu al-rajuli alladhī jāʾahu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fa-qāla: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾaḥadunā yudhnibu, qāla: «yuktabu ʿalayhi»; qāla: thumma yastaghfiru, qāla: «yughfaru lahu» [طس، ط].

The hadith was given earlier about the man who came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, “O Messenger of Allah, one of us commits a sin.” He replied, “It is recorded against him.” The man asked, “Then he seeks forgiveness?” He replied, “He is forgiven” [طس، ط].

«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، إِنَّكَ مَا دَعَوْتَنِي وَرَجَوْتَنِي غَفَرْتُ لَكَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْكَ وَلَا أُبَالِي، يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، لَوْ بَلَغَتْ ذُنُوبُكَ عَنَانَ (٣) السَّمَاءِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرْتَنِي،

«yaqūlu Allāhu taʿālā: yā ibna ʾādama, ʾinnaka mā daʿawtanī wa-rajawtanī ghafartu laka ʿalā mā kāna minka wa-lā ʾubālī, yā ibna ʾādama, law balaghat dhunūbuka ʿanāna (3) al-samāʾi, thumma istaghfartanī,

“Allah Most High says, ‘O son of Adam, so long as you call upon Me and place your hope in Me, I will forgive you for whatever you have done, and I do not mind. O son of Adam, even if your sins were to reach the clouds (3) of the sky and you then sought My forgiveness,

(١) يَعْنِي عِنْدَ الِاطِّلَاعِ عَلَيْهَا فِي يَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ.

(1) yaʿnī ʿinda al-iṭṭilāʿi ʿalayhā fī yawmi al-ḥisābi.

(1) That is, when he looks at it on the Day of Reckoning.

(٢) أَيْ لَمْ يُطْلِعْهُ عَلَيْهِ.

(2) ʾay lam yuṭliʿhu ʿalayhi.

(2) That is, the angel will not disclose it to him.

(٣) هُوَ السَّحَابُ.

(3) huwa al-saḥābu.

(3) This means the clouds.

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غَفَرْتُ لَكَ، يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ، لَوْ أَتَيْتَنِي بِقُرَابِ(١) الْأَرْضِ خَطَايَا، ثُمَّ لَقِيتَنِي لَا تُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئًا، لَأَتَيْتُكَ بِقُرَابِهَا مَغْفِرَةً» [ت].

ghafartu laka, yā ibna ʾādama, law ʾataytanī biqurābi(1) al-ʾarḍi khaṭāyā, thumma laqītanī lā tushriku bī shayʾan, laʾataytuka biqurābihā maghfiratan» [ت].

I would forgive you, child of Adam. If you came to Me with sins nearly filling(1) the earth, then met Me without associating anything with Me, I would come to you with forgiveness nearly filling it” [ت].

«إِنَّ عَبْدًا أَصَابَ ذَنْبًا، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ أَذْنَبْتُ ذَنْبًا فَاغْفِرْهُ لِي. فَقَالَ رَبُّهُ: أَعَلِمَ عَبْدِي أَنَّ لَهُ رَبًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ، وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ؟ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي. ثُمَّ مَكَثَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ أَصَابَ ذَنْبًا، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ أَذْنَبْتُ ذَنْبًا آخَرَ، فَاغْفِرْهُ.

«ʾinna ʿabdan ʾaṣāba dhanban, fa-qāla: rabbi ʾadhnabtu dhanban fa-ighfirhu lī. fa-qāla rabbuhu: ʾaʿalima ʿabdī ʾanna lahu rabban yaghfiru al-dhanba, wa-yaʾkhudhu bihi? ghafartu liʿabdī. thumma makatha mā shāʾa Allāhu, thumma ʾaṣāba dhanban, fa-qāla: rabbi ʾadhnabtu dhanban ʾākhara, fa-ighfirhu.

“A servant committed a sin and said, ‘My Lord, I have committed a sin, so forgive me.’ His Lord said, ‘Does My servant know that he has a Lord who forgives sin and calls to account for it? I have forgiven My servant.’ Then he remained as Allah willed, after which he committed another sin and said, ‘My Lord, I have committed another sin, so forgive me.’

فَقَالَ: أَعَلِمَ عَبْدِي أَنَّ لَهُ رَبًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ، وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ؟ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي. ثُمَّ مَكَثَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ أَصَابَ ذَنْبًا، فَقَالَ: رَبِّ أَذْنَبْتُ ذَنْبًا آخَرَ فَاغْفِرْهُ لِي، فَقَالَ: أَعَلِمَ عَبْدِي أَنَّ لَهُ رَبًّا يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ، وَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ؟ غَفَرْتُ لِعَبْدِي ثَلَاثًا، فَلْيَعْمَلْ مَا شَاءَ» [خ، م، س].

fa-qāla: ʾaʿalima ʿabdī ʾanna lahu rabban yaghfiru al-dhanba, wa-yaʾkhudhu bihi? ghafartu liʿabdī. thumma makatha mā shāʾa Allāhu, thumma ʾaṣāba dhanban, fa-qāla: rabbi ʾadhnabtu dhanban ʾākhara fa-ighfirhu lī, fa-qāla: ʾaʿalima ʿabdī ʾanna lahu rabban yaghfiru al-dhanba, wa-yaʾkhudhu bihi? ghafartu liʿabdī thalāthan, fa-lyaʿmal mā shāʾa» [خ، م، س].

He said, ‘Does My servant know that he has a Lord who forgives sin and calls to account for it? I have forgiven My servant.’ Then he remained as Allah willed, after which he committed another sin and said, ‘My Lord, I have committed another sin, so forgive me.’ He said, ‘Does My servant know that he has a Lord who forgives sin and calls to account for it? I have forgiven My servant three times; let him do as he wishes’” [خ، م، س].

«طُوبَى لِمَنْ وَجَدَ فِي صَحِيفَتِهِ اسْتِغْفَارًا كَثِيرًا» [ق].

«ṭūbā liman wajada fī ṣaḥīfatihi istighfāran kathīran» [ق].

“Glad tidings to anyone who finds abundant prayers for forgiveness in their record” [ق].

وَتَقَدَّمَ حَدِيثُ الَّذِي شَكَا إِلَيْهِ ﷺ ذَرَبَ لِسَانِهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنَ الاسْتِغْفَارِ؟» [مص، ي].

wa-taqaddama ḥadīthu alladhī shakā ʾilayhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam dharaba lisānihi, fa-qāla: «ʾayna ʾanta mina al-istighfāri?» [مص، ي].

The hadith mentioned earlier concerns the man who complained to him (peace and blessings be upon him) about his abusive tongue. He said, “Why do you not seek forgiveness?” [مص، ي].

وَكَيْفِيَّةُ الاسْتِغْفَارِ:

wa-kayfiyyatu al-istighfāri:

How to seek forgiveness:

أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ [مو، م].

ʾastaghfiru Allāha, ʾastaghfiru Allāha [مو، م].

“I ask Allah for forgiveness; I ask Allah for forgiveness” [مو، م].

«مَنْ قَالَ: أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ. غُفِرَ لَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ فَرَّ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ» [د، ت].

«man qāla: ʾastaghfiru Allāha alladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa al-ḥayyu al-qayyūmu wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayhi. ghufira lahu wa-ʾin kāna qad fa-rra mina al-zaḥfi» [د، ت].

“Whoever says, ‘I ask forgiveness of Allah, besides whom there is no god, the Ever-Living, the Self-Sustaining, and I turn to Him in repentance,’ will be forgiven even if he had fled from the advancing army” [د، ت].

ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ [ت، حب، مو، ط]، خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ: غُفِرَ لَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ [مص].

thalātha marrātin [ت، حب، مو، ط], khamsa marrātin: ghufira lahu wa-ʾin kāna ʿalayhi mithlu zabadi al-baḥri [مص].

Three times [ت، حب، مو، ط]. Five times: he will be forgiven even if his sins are like the foam of the sea [مص].

وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَنَعُدُّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ الْوَاحِدِ: «رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَتُبْ عَلَيَّ، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ (الْغَفُورُ) [ت، س، ق] الرَّحِيمُ» [د، حب] مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ [عه، حب].

wa-ʾin kunnā lanaʿuddu lirasūli Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fī al-majlisi al-wāḥidi: «rabbi ighfir lī, wa-tub ʿalayya, ʾinnaka ʾanta al-tawwābu (al-ghafūru) [ت، س، ق] al-raḥīmu» [د، حب] miʾata marratin [عه، حب].

We used to count the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saying one hundred times in a single gathering: “My Lord, forgive me and accept my repentance. You are truly the Accepter of Repentance—the Ever-Forgiving [ت، س، ق]—the Most Merciful” [د، حب] [عه، حب].

وَمَا أَحْسَنَ قَوْلَ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: لَا يَقُلْ أَحَدُكُمْ: أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ. فَيَكُونَ ذَنْبًا وَكَذِبًا، بَلْ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَتُبْ عَلَيَّ.

wa-mā ʾaḥsana qawla al-rabīʿi bni khuthaymin raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu: lā yaqul ʾaḥadukum: ʾastaghfiru Allāha wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayhi. fa-yakūna dhanban wa-kadhiban, bal yaqūlu: Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-tub ʿalayya.

How fine is the statement of al-Rabiʿ ibn Khuthaym, may Allah be pleased with him: None of you should say, “I ask Allah for forgiveness and repent to Him,” only for it to become a sin and a lie. Instead, one should say, “O Allah, forgive me and accept my repentance.”

وَلَيْسَ كَمَا فَهِمَ بَعْضُ أَئِمَّتِنَا أَنَّ الاسْتِغْفَارَ عَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْهِ يَكُونُ كَذِبًا، بَلْ هُوَ ذَنْبٌ، فَإِنَّهُ إِنِ اسْتَغْفَرَ عَنْ قَلْبٍ لَاهٍ لَا يَسْتَحْضِرُ طَلَبَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ، وَلَا يَلْجَأُ إِلَى اللَّهِ

wa-laysa kamā fa-hima baʿḍu ʾaʾimmatinā ʾanna al-istighfāra ʿalā hādhā al-wajhi yakūnu kadhiban, bal huwa dhanbun, fa-ʾinnahu ʾini istaghfara ʿan qalbin lāhin lā yastaḥḍiru ṭalaba al-maghfirati, wa-lā yaljaʾu ʾilā Allāhi

This does not mean, as some of our scholars understood, that seeking forgiveness in this form is a lie; rather, it is a sin. If a person asks forgiveness with a distracted heart, without consciously seeking forgiveness or turning inwardly to Allah,

(١) مَا يُقَارِبُ مِلْأَهَا.

(1) mā yuqāribu milʾahā.

(1) That is, nearly enough to fill it.

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بِقَلْبِهِ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ ذَنْبٌ عِقَابُهُ الْحِرْمَانُ، وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِ رَابِعَةَ: اسْتِغْفَارُنَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى اسْتِغْفَارٍ كَثِيرٍ. وَأَمَّا إِذَا قَالَ: أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ. وَلَمْ يَتُبْ، فَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّهُ كَذِبٌ.

biqalbihi, fa-ʾinna dhālika dhanbun ʿiqābuhu al-ḥirmānu, wa-hādhā kaqawli rābiʿata: istighfārunā yaḥtāju ʾilā istighfārin kathīrin. wa-ʾammā ʾidhā qāla: ʾatūbu ʾilā Allāhi. wa-lam yatub, fa-lā shakka ʾannahu kadhibun.

then this is a sin whose punishment is deprivation. It is like Rabiʿah's saying, “Our seeking forgiveness itself needs much seeking of forgiveness.” But if someone says, “I repent to Allah,” without actually repenting, there is no doubt that this is a lie.

وَأَمَّا الدُّعَاءُ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ وَالتَّوْبَةِ فَإِنَّهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ غَافِلًا فَقَدْ يُصَادِفُ وَقْتًا، فَيُقْبَلُ؛ فَمَنْ أَكْثَرَ طَرْقَ الْبَابِ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَلِجَ؛ وَيُوَضِّحُ ذَلِكَ إِكْثَارُهُ ﷺ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ الْوَاحِدِ مِنْهُ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، وَقَطْعُهُ لِمَنْ قَالَ:

wa-ʾammā al-duʿāʾu bi-l-maghfirati wa-l-tawbati fa-ʾinnahu wa-ʾin kāna ghāfilan fa-qad yuṣādifu waqtan, fa-yuqbalu; fa-man ʾakthara ṭarqa al-bābi yūshiku ʾan yalija; wa-yuwaḍḍiḥu dhālika ʾikthāruhu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fī al-majlisi al-wāḥidi minhu miʾata marratin, wa-qaṭʿuhu liman qāla:

As for praying for forgiveness and repentance, even if the person is inattentive, the prayer may coincide with a time when it is accepted. Whoever knocks often at the door is likely to enter. This is made clear by the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) saying it one hundred times in a single gathering, and by his definite assurance of forgiveness for the person who says,

«أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ» بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ فَرَّ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، مَرَّةً أَوْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَهَا قَدْ كُشِفَ لَكَ الْغِطَاءُ، فَاخْتَرْ لِنَفْسِكَ مَا يَحْلُو.

«ʾastaghfiru Allāha wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayhi» bi-l-maghfirati, wa-ʾin kāna qad fa-rra mina al-zaḥfi, marratan ʾaw thalātha marrātin, fa-hā qad kushifa laka al-ghiṭāʾu, fa-ikhtar linafsika mā yaḥlū.

“I ask Allah for forgiveness and repent to Him,” even if he had fled from the advancing army, whether said once or three times. The veil has now been lifted for you, so choose for yourself what you find pleasing.

وَفِي كِتَابِ «الزُّهْدِ» عَنْ لُقْمَانَ:

wa-fī kitābi «al-zuhdi» ʿan luqmāna:

In the Book of Asceticism, Luqman is reported to have said:

عَوِّدْ لِسَانَكَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي»، فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ سَاعَاتٍ لَا يَرُدُّ فِيهِنَّ سَائِلًا.

ʿawwid lisānaka: «Allāhumma ighfir lī», fa-ʾinna li-llāhi sāʿātin lā yaruddu fīhinna sāʾilan.

Train your tongue to say, “O Allah, forgive me,” for Allah has times during which He does not turn away anyone who asks.

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فَضْلُ الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ وَسُوَرٍ مِنْهُ وَآيَاتٍ

faḍlu al-qurʾāni al-ʿaẓīmi wa-suwarin minhu wa-ʾāyātin

THE MERIT OF THE GLORIOUS QUR'AN, SOME OF ITS SURAHS, AND SOME VERSES

«اقْرَؤُوا الْقُرْآنَ، فَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شَفِيعًا لِأَصْحَابِهِ» [م].

«iqraʾū al-qurʾāna, fa-ʾinnahu yaʾtī yawma al-qiyāmati shafīʿan li-ʾaṣḥābihi» [م].

“Recite the Qur'an, for on the Day of Resurrection it will come as an intercessor for those devoted to it” [م].

«يَقُولُ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: مَنْ شَغَلَهُ الْقُرْآنُ عَنْ ذِكْرِي وَمَسْأَلَتِي، أَعْطَيْتُهُ أَفْضَلَ مَا أُعْطِي السَّائِلِينَ».

«yaqūlu Allāhu subḥānahu wa-taʿālā: man shaghalahu al-qurʾānu ʿan dhikrī wa-masʾalatī, ʾaʿṭaytuhu ʾafḍala mā ʾuʿṭī al-sāʾilīna».

“Allah, Glorified and Exalted, says: Whoever is kept busy by the Qur'an from remembering Me and asking of Me, I give them better than what I give those who ask.”

«وَفَضْلُ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الْكَلَامِ كَفَضْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَى خَلْقِهِ» [ت، م، ي].

«wa-faḍlu kalāmi Allāhi ʿalā sāʾiri al-kalāmi kafaḍli Allāhi taʿālā ʿalā khalqihi» [ت، م، ي].

“The superiority of Allah's speech over all other speech is like the superiority of Allah Most High over His creation” [ت، م، ي].

«تَعَلَّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَاقْرَؤُوهُ، فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ الْقُرْآنِ لِمَنْ تَعَلَّمَهُ، فَقَرَأَهُ، وَقَامَ بِهِ، كَمَثَلِ جِرَابٍ مُلِئَ مِسْكًا، يَفُوحُ رِيحُهُ فِي كُلِّ مَكَانٍ؛ وَمَثَلُ مَنْ يَتَعَلَّمُهُ، فَيَرْقُدُ وَهُوَ فِي جَوْفِهِ، كَمَثَلِ جِرَابٍ أُوكِيَ عَلَى مِسْكٍ» [ت، س، ق، حب].

«taʿallamū al-qurʾāna wa-iqraʾūhu, fa-ʾinna mathala al-qurʾāni liman taʿallamahu, fa-qaraʾahu, wa-qāma bihi, kamathali jirābin muliʾa miskan, yafūḥu rīḥuhu fī kulli makānin; wa-mathalu man yataʿallamuhu, fa-yarqudu wa-huwa fī jawfihi, kamathali jirābin ʾūkiya ʿalā miskin» [ت، س، ق، حب].

“Learn the Qur'an and recite it. The example of the Qur'an for one who learns it, recites it, and stands in prayer with it is that of a bag filled with musk whose fragrance spreads everywhere. The example of one who learns it, then sleeps while it is within him, is that of a bag of musk whose mouth has been tied shut” [ت، س، ق، حب].

«مَنْ قَرَأَ حَرْفًا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَهُ بِهِ حَسَنَةٌ، وَالْحَسَنَةُ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا، لَا أَقُولُ «الٓمٓ» حَرْفٌ: أَلِفٌ حَرْفٌ، وَلَامٌ حَرْفٌ، وَمِيمٌ حَرْفٌ» [ت].

«man qaraʾa ḥarfan min kitābi Allāhi fa-lahu bihi ḥasanatun, wa-l-ḥasanatu biʿashri ʾamthālihā, lā ʾaqūlu «ʾAlif Lām Mīm» ḥarfun: ʾalifun ḥarfun, wa-lāmun ḥarfun, wa-mīmun ḥarfun» [ت].

“Whoever recites one letter from the Book of Allah receives one good deed for it, and each good deed is multiplied tenfold. I do not say that ‘Alif-Lam-Mim’ is one letter: alif is one letter, lam is one letter, and mim is one letter” [ت].

«لَا حَسَدَ إِلَّا فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ: رَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَهُوَ يَقُومُ بِهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَآنَاءَ النَّهَارِ، وَرَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُهُ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَآنَاءَ النَّهَارِ» [خ، م].

«lā ḥasada ʾillā fī ithnatayni: rajulun ʾātāhu Allāhu al-qurʾāna, fa-huwa yaqūmu bihi ʾānāʾa al-layli wa-ʾānāʾa al-nahāri, wa-rajulun ʾātāhu Allāhu mālan fa-huwa yunfiquhu ʾānāʾa al-layli wa-ʾānāʾa al-nahāri» [خ، م].

“There is no rightful envy except in two cases: a man to whom Allah has given the Qur'an and who stands in prayer with it throughout the night and day, and a man to whom Allah has given wealth and who spends it throughout the night and day” [خ، م].

«وَيُقَالُ لِصَاحِبِ الْقُرْآنِ: اقْرَأْ، وَارْتَقِ، وَرَتِّلْ كَمَا كُنْتَ تُرَتِّلُ فِي الدُّنْيَا، فَإِنَّ مَنْزِلَتَكَ عِنْدَ آخِرِ آيَةٍ تَقْرَؤُهَا» [د، ت].

«wa-yuqālu liṣāḥibi al-qurʾāni: iqraʾ, wa-irtaqi, wa-rattil kamā kunta turattilu fī al-dunyā, fa-ʾinna manzilataka ʿinda ʾākhiri ʾāyatin taqraʾuhā» [د، ت].

“It will be said to the companion of the Qur'an, ‘Recite and ascend, and recite with measured cadence as you used to recite in this world, for your rank will be at the last verse you recite’” [د، ت].

«الَّذِي يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَهُوَ مَاهِرٌ بِهِ مَعَ السَّفَرَةِ الْكِرَامِ الْبَرَرَةِ»،

«alladhī yaqraʾu al-qurʾāna wa-huwa māhirun bihi maʿa al-safarati al-kirāmi al-bararati»,

“The one who recites the Qur'an and is proficient in it will be with the noble and righteous scribes,”

(١) الْجِرَابُ: الْوِعَاءُ.

(1) al-jirābu: al-wiʿāʾu.

(1) A jirab is a bag or container.

(٢) مَاهِرٌ بِهِ: أَيْ حَاذِقٌ فِي حِفْظِهِ وَتِلَاوَتِهِ لَا يَتَوَقَّفُ وَلَا يَتَرَدَّدُ عِنْدَ تِلَاوَتِهِ، وَلَا يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهِ قِرَاءَتُهُ لِجَوْدَةِ حِفْظِهِ وَحُسْنِ أَدَائِهِ.

(2) māhirun bihi: ʾay ḥādhiqun fī ḥifẓihi wa-tilāwatihi lā yatawaqqafu wa-lā yataraddadu ʿinda tilāwatihi, wa-lā yashuqqu ʿalayhi qirāʾatuhu lijawdati ḥifẓihi wa-ḥusni ʾadāʾihi.

(2) “Proficient in it” means skilled in memorizing and reciting it: the person neither stops nor hesitates while reciting, and finds its recitation easy because of sound memorization and fine delivery.

وَالسَّفَرَةُ الْكِرَامُ: هُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَقِيلَ الْمُرَادُ بِالسَّفَرَةِ الْكَتَبَةُ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ أَعْمَالَ الْعِبَادِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَالْبَرَرَةُ الْمُطِيعُونَ، مِنَ الْبِرِّ وَهُوَ الطَّاعَةُ.

wa-l-safaratu al-kirāmu: humu al-rusulu mina al-malāʾikati, wa-qīla al-murādu bi-l-safarati al-katabatu alladhīna yaktubūna ʾaʿmāla al-ʿibādi mina al-malāʾikati, wa-l-bararatu al-muṭīʿūna, mina al-birri wa-huwa al-ṭāʿatu.

“The noble scribes” are the angelic messengers. It is also said that the scribes are the angels who record people's deeds. “The righteous” are those who are obedient; the word comes from birr, meaning obedience.

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«وَالَّذِي يَقْرَؤُهُ وَيَتَتَعْتَعُ فِيهِ(١)، وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ شَاقٌّ، لَهُ أَجْرَانِ» [خ، م].

«wa-alladhī yaqraʾuhu wa-yatataʿtaʿu fīhi(1), wa-huwa ʿalayhi shāqqun, lahu ʾajrāni» [خ، م].

“While the one who recites it, stumbling over it(1) and finding it difficult, will have two rewards” [خ، م].

«الْفَاتِحَةُ»:

«al-fātiḥatu»:

Surat al-Fatihah:

«أَعْظَمُ سُورَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، هِيَ السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي، وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ» [خ، د، س، ق].

«ʾaʿẓamu sūratin mina al-qurʾāni, hiya al-sabʿu al-mathānī, wa-l-qurʾānu al-ʿaẓīmu» [خ، د، س، ق].

“It is the greatest surah in the Qur'an; it is the Seven Oft-Repeated Verses and the Glorious Qur'an” [خ، د، س، ق].

«أُعْطِيتُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ تَحْتِ الْعَرْشِ» [مس].

«ʾuʿṭītu fātiḥata al-kitābi min taḥti al-ʿarshi» [مس].

“I was given the Opening of the Book from beneath the Throne” [مس].

بَيْنَا جِبْرِيلُ قَاعِدٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَمِعَ نَقِيضًا مِنْ فَوْقِهِ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ: هَذَا مَلَكٌ نَزَلَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ لَمْ يَنْزِلْ قَطُّ إِلَّا الْيَوْمَ، فَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ:

baynā jibrīlu qāʿidun ʿinda al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam samiʿa naqīḍan min fawqihi, fa-rafaʿa raʾsahu fa-qāla: hādhā malakun nazala ʾilā al-ʾarḍi lam yanzil qaṭṭu ʾillā al-yawma, fa-sallama wa-qāla:

While Gabriel was sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he heard a creaking sound above him. He raised his head and said, “This is an angel who descended to earth today and had never descended before.” The angel greeted them and said,

أَبْشِرْ بِنُورَيْنِ أُوتِيتَهُمَا لَمْ يُؤْتَهُمَا نَبِيٌّ قَبْلَكَ؛ فَاتِحَةُ الْكِتَابِ، وَخَوَاتِيمُ سُورَةِ «الْبَقَرَةِ»، لَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا أُعْطِيتَهُ [م، س].

ʾabshir binūrayni ʾūtītahumā lam yuʾtahumā nabiyyun qablaka; fātiḥatu al-kitābi, wa-khawātīmu sūrati «al-baqarati», lan taqraʾa biḥarfin minhumā ʾillā ʾuʿṭītahu [م، س].

“Rejoice in two lights given to you that were not given to any prophet before you: the Opening of the Book and the concluding verses of Surat al-Baqarah. You will never recite a single letter from either of them without being given what it contains” [م، س].

«الْبَقَرَةُ»:

«al-baqaratu»:

Surat al-Baqarah:

«إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَفِرُّ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي يَقْرَأُ فِيهِ «الْبَقَرَةَ»» [م، ت، س].

«ʾinna al-shayṭāna yafirru mina al-bayti alladhī yaqraʾu fīhi «al-baqarata»» [م، ت، س].

“Satan flees from a house in which Surat al-Baqarah is recited” [م، ت، س].

«اقْرَؤُوهَا، فَإِنَّ أَخْذَهَا بَرَكَةٌ، وَتَرْكَهَا حَسْرَةٌ، وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُهَا الْبَطَلَةُ(٢)» [م].

«iqraʾūhā, fa-ʾinna ʾakhdhahā barakatun, wa-tarkahā ḥasratun, wa-lā yastaṭīʿuhā al-baṭalatu(2)» [م].

“Recite it, for taking hold of it is a blessing, abandoning it brings regret, and sorcerers cannot withstand it”(2) [م].

«لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ سَنَامٌ(٣)، وَسَنَامُ الْقُرْآنِ «الْبَقَرَةُ»» [ت، مس، حب].

«likulli shayʾin sanāmun(3), wa-sanāmu al-qurʾāni «al-baqaratu»» [ت، مس، حب].

“Everything has a summit,(3) and the summit of the Qur'an is Surat al-Baqarah” [ت، مس، حب].

«مَنْ قَرَأَهَا لَيْلًا لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الشَّيْطَانُ بَيْتَهُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَهَا نَهَارًا لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الشَّيْطَانُ بَيْتَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ» [حب].

«man qaraʾahā laylan lam yadkhuli al-shayṭānu baytahu thalātha layālin, wa-man qaraʾahā nahāran lam yadkhuli al-shayṭānu baytahu thalāthata ʾayyāmin» [حب].

“Whoever recites it at night, Satan will not enter that person's house for three nights; and whoever recites it by day, Satan will not enter that person's house for three days” [حب].

«أُعْطِيتُ «الْبَقَرَةَ» مِنَ الذِّكْرِ الْأَوَّلِ» [مس].

«ʾuʿṭītu «al-baqarata» mina al-dhikri al-ʾawwali» [مس].

“I was given Surat al-Baqarah from the scriptures revealed to the earlier prophets” [مس].

«الْبَقَرَةُ» وَ«آلُ عِمْرَانَ»:

«al-baqaratu» wa-«ʾālu ʿimrāna»:

Surat al-Baqarah and Surat Al ʿImran:

«اقْرَؤُوا الزَّهْرَاوَيْنِ: «الْبَقَرَةَ» وَ«آلَ عِمْرَانَ»، فَإِنَّهُمَا يَأْتِيَانِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَأَنَّهُمَا

«iqraʾū al-zahrāwayni: «al-baqarata» wa-«ʾāla ʿimrāna», fa-ʾinnahumā yaʾtiyāni yawma al-qiyāmati kaʾannahumā

“Recite the two radiant surahs, al-Baqarah and Al ʿImran, for on the Day of Resurrection they will come as though they were

(١) مِنَ التَّتَعْتُعِ وَهُوَ التَّرَدُّدُ فِي قِرَاءَتِهِ لِضَعْفِ حِفْظِهِ أَوْ لِثِقَلِ لِسَانِهِ.

(1) mina al-tataʿtuʿi wa-huwa al-taraddudu fī qirāʾatihi liḍaʿfi ḥifẓihi ʾaw lithiqali lisānihi.

(1) This comes from tataʿtuʿ, meaning hesitation in recitation because of weak memorization or difficulty of speech.

(٢) يُقَالُ أَبْطَلَ إِذَا جَاءَهُ بِالْبَاطِلِ، وَقِيلَ هُمْ مِنَ الشُّجْعَانِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَاطِلِ.

(2) yuqālu ʾabṭala ʾidhā jāʾahu bi-l-bāṭili, wa-qīla hum mina al-shujʿāni min ʾahli al-bāṭili.

(2) The verb abtala is used when someone brings falsehood. It is also said that they are bold people from among those devoted to falsehood.

(٣) سَنَامُ الشَّيْءِ أَعْلَاهُ.

(3) sanāmu al-shayʾi ʾaʿlāhu.

(3) The summit of something is its highest point.

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غَمَامَتَانِ، أَوْ كَأَنَّهُمَا غَيَايَتَانِ، أَوْ كَأَنَّهُمَا فِرْقَانِ مِنْ طَيْرٍ صَوَافَّ، يُحَاجَّانِ(١) عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِمَا» [م].

ghamāmatāni, ʾaw kaʾannahumā ghayāyatāni, ʾaw kaʾannahumā firqāni min ṭayrin ṣawāffa, yuḥājjāni(1) ʿan ʾaṣḥābihimā» [م].

two clouds, or two canopies, or two flocks of birds in ranks with wings outspread, pleading the case(1) of their companions” [م].

آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ:

ʾāyatu al-kursiyyi:

Ayat al-Kursi:

«هِيَ أَعْظَمُ آيَةٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ» [م، د].

«hiya ʾaʿẓamu ʾāyatin fī kitābi Allāhi» [م، د].

“It is the greatest verse in the Book of Allah” [م، د].

«هِيَ سَيِّدَةُ آيِ الْقُرْآنِ» [ت، حب، مس].

«hiya sayyidatu ʾāyi al-qurʾāni» [ت، حب، مس].

“It is the foremost verse of the Qur'an” [ت، حب، مس].

«لَا تَضَعْهَا عَلَى مَالٍ وَلَا وَلَدٍ فَيَقْرَبَهُ شَيْطَانٌ» [م].

«lā taḍaʿhā ʿalā mālin wa-lā waladin fa-yaqrabahu shayṭānun» [م].

“No property or child over which you recite it will be approached by a devil” [م].

الْآيَتَانِ: ﴿آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ...﴾ آخِرَ سُورَةِ «الْبَقَرَةِ»:

al-ʾāyatāni: ﴿ʾāmana al-rasūlu...﴾ ʾākhira sūrati «al-baqarati»:

The two verses beginning “The Messenger believes...” at the end of Surat al-Baqarah:

«وَلَا يُقْرَآنِ فِي دَارٍ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، فَيَقْرَبَهَا شَيْطَانٌ» [ت، س، حب، مس].

«wa-lā yuqraʾāni fī dārin thalātha layālin, fa-yaqrabahā shayṭānun» [ت، س، حب، مس].

“They are not recited in a house for three nights without preventing Satan from coming near it” [ت، س، حب، مس].

«إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَتَمَ «الْبَقَرَةَ» بِآيَتَيْنِ أَعْطَانِيهِمَا مِنْ كَنْزِهِ الَّذِي تَحْتَ عَرْشِهِ، فَتَعَلَّمُوهُنَّ، وَعَلِّمُوهُنَّ نِسَاءَكُمْ وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ، فَإِنَّهَا صَلَاةٌ وَقُرْآنٌ وَدُعَاءٌ»(٢) [مس].

«ʾinna Allāha khatama «al-baqarata» biʾāyatayni ʾaʿṭānīhimā min kanzihi alladhī taḥta ʿarshihi, fa-taʿallamūhunna, wa-ʿallimūhunna nisāʾakum wa-ʾabnāʾakum, fa-ʾinnahā ṣalātun wa-qurʾānun wa-duʿāʾun»(2) [مس].

“Allah concluded Surat al-Baqarah with two verses that He gave me from His treasure beneath His Throne. Learn them and teach them to your wives and children, for they are prayer, Qur'an, and supplication”(2) [مس].

«الْأَنْعَامُ»:

«al-ʾanʿāmu»:

Surat al-Anʿam:

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ سَبَّحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَقَدْ شَيَّعَ(٣) هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مَا سَدُّوا الْأُفُقَ» [مس].

lammā nazalat sabbaḥa rasūlu Allāhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam thumma qāla: «laqad shayyaʿa(3) hādhihi al-sūrata mina al-malāʾikati mā saddū al-ʾufuqa» [مس].

When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) glorified Allah and then said, “So many angels escorted this surah that they filled the horizon” (3) [مس].

«الْكَهْفُ»:

«al-kahfu»:

Surat al-Kahf:

«مَنْ قَرَأَهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَضَاءَ لَهُ مِنَ النُّورِ مَا بَيْنَ الْجُمُعَتَيْنِ» [مس].

«man qaraʾahā yawma al-jumuʿati ʾaḍāʾa lahu mina al-nūri mā bayna al-jumuʿatayni» [مس].

“Whoever recites it on Friday will have light shining for them from one Friday to the next” [مس].

«مَنْ قَرَأَهَا لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَضَاءَ لَهُ مِنَ النُّورِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ» [مو، ي].

«man qaraʾahā laylata al-jumuʿati ʾaḍāʾa lahu mina al-nūri fīmā baynahu wa-bayna al-bayti al-ʿatīqi» [مو، ي].

“Whoever recites it on Friday night will have light shining for them across the distance between where they are and the Ancient House” [مو، ي].

«مَنْ قَرَأَهَا كَمَا أُنْزِلَتْ كَانَتْ لَهُ نُورًا مِنْ مَقَامِهِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ بِعَشْرِ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِهَا فَخَرَجَ الدَّجَّالُ لَمْ يُسَلَّطْ عَلَيْهِ» [س، مس].

«man qaraʾahā kamā ʾunzilat kānat lahu nūran min maqāmihi ʾilā makkata, wa-man qaraʾa biʿashri ʾāyātin min ʾākhirihā fa-kharaja al-dajjālu lam yusallaṭ ʿalayhi» [س، مس].

“Whoever recites it as it was revealed will have a light from where they stand all the way to Mecca. If someone recites ten verses from its end and the Antichrist appears, he will not be given power over that person” [س، مس].

(١) غَمَامَتَانِ: يَعْنِي سَحَابَتَيْنِ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ غَمَامًا لِأَنَّهُ يَغُمُّ السَّمَاءَ أَيْ يَسْتُرُهَا.

(1) ghamāmatāni: yaʿnī saḥābatayni, wa-ʾinnamā summiya ghamāman liʾannahu yaghummu al-samāʾa ʾay yasturuhā.

(1) “Two clouds” means two masses of cloud. Cloud is called ghamam because it covers the sky—that is, it conceals it.

غَيَايَتَانِ: قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: الْغَيَايَةُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ أَظَلَّ الْإِنْسَانَ فَوْقَ رَأْسِهِ كَالسَّحَابَةِ وَالْغَاشِيَةِ.

ghayāyatāni: qāla ʾabū ʿubaydin: al-ghayāyatu kullu shayʾin ʾaẓalla al-ʾinsāna fawqa raʾsihi ka-l-saḥābati wa-l-ghāshiyati.

“Two canopies”: Abu ʿUbayd said that a ghayah is anything that shades a person from above, such as a cloud or a covering.

فِرْقَانِ: تَثْنِيَةُ فِرْقٍ، وَهُوَ الْقِطَعُ، أَيْ قِطْعَتَانِ مِنْ طَيْرٍ صَوَافَّ بَاسِطَةٍ أَجْنِحَتَهَا حَالَ طَيَرَانِهَا.

firqāni: tathniyatu firqin, wa-huwa al-qiṭaʿu, ʾay qiṭʿatāni min ṭayrin ṣawāffa bāsiṭatin ʾajniḥatahā ḥāla ṭayarānihā.

“Two flocks”: firqan is the dual of firq, meaning a group. That is, two groups of birds in rows, spreading their wings as they fly.

يُحَاجَّانِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِمَا: أَيْ يُقِيمَانِ الْحُجَّةَ لَهُ وَيُجَادِلَانِ عَنْهُ، وَصَاحِبُهُمَا هُوَ الْمُسْتَكْثِرُ مِنْ قِرَاءَتِهِمَا.

yuḥājjāni ʿan ʾaṣḥābihimā: ʾay yuqīmāni al-ḥujjata lahu wa-yujādilāni ʿanhu, wa-ṣāḥibuhumā huwa al-mustakthiru min qirāʾatihimā.

“Pleading the case of their companions” means presenting proof and arguing on their behalf. Their companion is the person who recites the two surahs frequently.

(٢) أَيْ يَقْرَأُ بِهِمَا الْمُصَلِّي فِي صَلَاتِهِ وَيَتْلُو بِهِمَا التَّالِي فِي تِلَاوَتِهِ وَيَدْعُو بِهِمَا الدَّاعِي فِي دُعَائِهِ.

(2) ʾay yaqraʾu bihimā al-muṣallī fī ṣalātihi wa-yatlū bihimā al-tālī fī tilāwatihi wa-yadʿū bihimā al-dāʿī fī duʿāʾihi.

(2) That is, a worshipper recites the two verses in prayer, a reciter reads them as Qur'an, and a supplicant uses them in supplication.

(٣) أَيْ نَزَلَ مُشَيَّعًا لَهَا.

(3) ʾay nazala mushayyaʿan lahā.

(3) That is, it descended while being escorted by them.

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«مَنْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ «الْكَهْفِ» كَانَتْ لَهُ نُورًا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، مِنْ مَقَامِهِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَمَنْ قَرَأَ بِعَشْرِ آيَاتٍ مِنْ آخِرِهَا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ الدَّجَّالُ، لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ» [طس].

«man qaraʾa sūrata «al-kahfi» kānat lahu nūran yawma al-qiyāmati, min maqāmihi ʾilā makkata, wa-man qaraʾa biʿashri ʾāyātin min ʾākhirihā, thumma kharaja al-dajjālu, lam yaḍurrahu» [طس].

“Whoever recites Surat al-Kahf will have a light on the Day of Resurrection stretching from where they stand to Mecca. If someone recites ten verses from its end and the Antichrist then appears, he will not harm that person” [طس].

«مَنْ حَفِظَ عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا عُصِمَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ [د، س] الدَّجَّالِ» [م، د، ت، س].

«man ḥafiẓa ʿashra ʾāyātin min ʾawwalihā ʿuṣima min fitnati [د، س] al-dajjāli» [م، د، ت، س].

“Whoever memorizes ten verses from its beginning will be protected from the trial of [د، س] the Antichrist” [م، د، ت، س].

مَنْ حَفِظَ عَشْرَ آيَاتٍ [م، د]. مَنْ قَرَأَ الْعَشْرَ [س] الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ «الْكَهْفِ» عُصِمَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ [م، د، س].

man ḥafiẓa ʿashra ʾāyātin [م، د]. man qaraʾa al-ʿashra [س] al-ʾawākhira min «al-kahfi» ʿuṣima min fitnati al-dajjāli [م، د، س].

Whoever memorizes ten verses [م، د]—whoever recites the last ten [س] verses of Surat al-Kahf—will be protected from the trial of the Antichrist [م، د، س].

مَنْ قَرَأَ ثَلَاثَ آيَاتٍ مِنْ أَوَّلِ «الْكَهْفِ» عُصِمَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ [ت].

man qaraʾa thalātha ʾāyātin min ʾawwali «al-kahfi» ʿuṣima min fitnati al-dajjāli [ت].

Whoever recites three verses from the beginning of Surat al-Kahf will be protected from the trial of the Antichrist [ت].

«مَنْ أَدْرَكَ الدَّجَّالَ فَلْيَقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِ فَوَاتِحَهَا...» الْحَدِيثَ [م، عه]، «فَإِنَّهَا جِوَارٌ لَهُ مِنْ فِتْنَتِهِ» [د].

«man ʾadraka al-dajjāla fa-lyaqraʾ ʿalayhi fa-wātiḥahā...» al-ḥadītha [م، عه], «fa-ʾinnahā jiwārun lahu min fitnatihi» [د].

“Whoever lives to see the Antichrist should recite the opening verses of the surah against him...” to the end of the hadith [م، عه], “for they will protect him from the Antichrist's trial” [د].

[طٰهٰ، وَالطَّوَاسِينُ، وَالْحَوَامِيمُ]:

[Ṭā Hā, wa-l-ṭawāsīnu, wa-l-ḥawāmīmu]:

Ta-Ha, the surahs beginning Ta-Sin, and the surahs beginning Ha-Mim:

«وَأُعْطِيتُ «طٰهٰ»، وَالطَّوَاسِينَ، وَالْحَوَامِيمَ، مِنْ أَلْوَاحِ مُوسَى» [مس].

«wa-ʾuʿṭītu «Ṭā Hā», wa-l-ṭawāsīna, wa-l-ḥawāmīma, min ʾalwāḥi mūsā» [مس].

“I was given Ta-Ha, the surahs beginning Ta-Sin, and the surahs beginning Ha-Mim from the Tablets of Moses” [مس].

[«يٰسٓ»]:

[«Yā Sīn»]:

Surat Ya-Sin:

«قَلْبُ الْقُرْآنِ «يٰسٓ»، لَا يَقْرَأُهَا رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ اللَّهَ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَهُ، اقْرَؤُوهَا عَلَى مَوْتَاكُمْ» [س، د، ق، حب].

«qalbu al-qurʾāni «Yā Sīn», lā yaqraʾuhā rajulun yurīdu Allāha wa-l-dāra al-ʾākhirata ʾillā ghufira lahu, iqraʾūhā ʿalā mawtākum» [س، د، ق، حب].

“The heart of the Qur'an is Ya-Sin. No one recites it seeking Allah and the Home of the Hereafter without being forgiven. Recite it over those who are dying” [س، د، ق، حب].

[«الْفَتْحُ»]:

[«al-fatḥu»]:

Surat al-Fath:

«الْفَتْحُ، هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ» [خ، س، ت].

«al-fatḥu, hiya ʾaḥabbu ʾilayya mimmā ṭalaʿat ʿalayhi al-shamsu» [خ، س، ت].

“Surat al-Fath is dearer to me than everything on which the sun has risen” [خ، س، ت].

[«الْمُلْكُ»]:

[«al-mulku»]:

Surat al-Mulk:

﴿تَبَارَكَ﴾ «الْمُلْكُ» ثَلَاثُونَ آيَةً، شَفَعَتْ لِرَجُلٍ حَتَّى غُفِرَ لَهُ [حب، عه، مس].

﴿tabāraka﴾ «al-mulku» thalāthūna ʾāyatan, shafaʿat lirajulin ḥattā ghufira lahu [حب، عه، مس].

“Blessed is He”—Surat al-Mulk—is thirty verses. It interceded for a man until he was forgiven [حب، عه، مس].

«تَسْتَغْفِرُ لِصَاحِبِهَا حَتَّى يُغْفَرَ لَهُ» [حب].

«tastaghfiru liṣāḥibihā ḥattā yughfara lahu» [حب].

“It seeks forgiveness for its companion until he is forgiven” [حب].

«وَدِدْتُ أَنَّهَا فِي قَلْبِ كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ» [مس].

«wadidtu ʾannahā fī qalbi kulli muʾminin» [مس].

“I wish it were in the heart of every believer” [مس].

«يُؤْتَى الرَّجُلُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، فَتُؤْتَى رِجْلَاهُ فَتَقُولُ: لَيْسَ لَكُمْ عَلَى مَا قِبَلِي سَبِيلٌ، كَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِي سُورَةَ «الْمُلْكِ»،

«yuʾtā al-rajulu fī qabrihi, fa-tuʾtā rijlāhu fa-taqūlu: laysa lakum ʿalā mā qibalī sabīlun, kāna yaqraʾu bī sūrata «al-mulki»,

“When a man is approached in his grave, the approach is made from the direction of his feet. They say, ‘You have no way to reach him from our direction; he used to stand on us and recite Surat al-Mulk.’

ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى مِنْ صَدْرِهِ، مِنْ بَطْنِهِ، ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى مِنْ رَأْسِهِ، كُلٌّ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ، فَهِيَ تَمْنَعُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَهِيَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، مَنْ قَرَأَهَا فِي لَيْلَةٍ فَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ وَأَطَابَ» [مو، مس].

thumma yuʾtā min ṣadrihi, min baṭnihi, thumma yuʾtā min raʾsihi, kullun yaqūlu dhālika, fa-hiya tamnaʿu min ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-hiya fī al-tawrāti, man qaraʾahā fī laylatin fa-qad ʾakthara wa-ʾaṭāba» [مو، مس].

Then the approach is made from his chest—or his abdomen—and then from his head, and each says the same. It therefore protects from the punishment of the grave. It is mentioned in the Torah. Whoever recites it in a night has done much and done well” [مو، مس].

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«الزَّلْزَلَةُ»

«al-zalzalatu»

SURAT AL-ZALZALAH

﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتْ﴾ رُبْعُ الْقُرْآنِ [ت].

﴿ʾidhā zulzilat﴾ rubʿu al-qurʾāni [ت].

“When the earth is shaken...” is one quarter of the Qur'an [ت].

«تَعْدِلُ نِصْفَ الْقُرْآنِ» [ت، مس].

«taʿdilu niṣfa al-qurʾāni» [ت، مس].

“It is equal to half of the Qur'an” [ت، مس].

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَقْرِئْنِي سُورَةً جَامِعَةً. فَأَقْرَأَهُ: ﴿إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا﴾ [الزَّلْزَلَةِ: ١] حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهَا، فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا أَزِيدُ عَلَيْهَا أَبَدًا. ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَفْلَحَ الرُّوَيْجِلُ» مَرَّتَيْنِ [د، س، مس، حب].

yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾaqriʾnī sūratan jāmiʿatan. fa-ʾaqraʾahu: ﴿ʾidhā zulzilati al-ʾarḍu zilzālahā﴾ [al-zalzalati: 1] ḥattā faragha minhā, fa-qāla: wa-alladhī baʿathaka bi-l-ḥaqqi lā ʾazīdu ʿalayhā ʾabadan. thumma ʾadbara al-rajulu, fa-qāla al-nabiyyu ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam: «ʾaflaḥa al-ruwayjilu» marratayni [د، س، مس، حب].

A man said, “Messenger of Allah, teach me a comprehensive surah.” He taught him: “When the earth is shaken with its final earthquake” [الزَّلْزَلَةِ: ١], and continued until he had finished the surah. The man said, “By the One who sent you with the truth, I will never add anything to it.” He then turned away, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said twice, “That man has prospered” [د، س، مس، حب].

[«الْكَافِرُونَ»]:

[«al-kāfirūna»]:

Surat al-Kafirun:

««الْكَافِرُونَ» رُبْعُ الْقُرْآنِ» [ت].

««al-kāfirūna» rubʿu al-qurʾāni» [ت].

“Surat al-Kafirun is one quarter of the Qur'an” [ت].

تَعْدِلُ رُبْعَ الْقُرْآنِ [ت، مس].

taʿdilu rubʿa al-qurʾāni [ت، مس].

It is equal to one quarter of the Qur'an [ت، مس].

[«الْكَافِرُونَ» وَ«الْإِخْلَاصُ»]:

[«al-kāfirūna» wa-«al-ʾikhlāṣu»]:

Surat al-Kafirun and Surat al-Ikhlas:

«نِعْمَ السُّورَتَانِ هُمَا يُقْرَآنِ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ: «الْكَافِرُونَ» وَ«الْإِخْلَاصُ»» [حب].

«niʿma al-sūratāni humā yuqraʾāni fī al-rakʿatayni qabla al-fajri: «al-kāfirūna» wa-«al-ʾikhlāṣu»» [حب].

“What fine surahs to recite in the two units before dawn prayer: al-Kafirun and al-Ikhlas” [حب].

[«النَّصْرُ»]:

[«al-naṣru»]:

Surat al-Nasr:

﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ﴾ [النَّصْرِ: ١] رُبْعُ الْقُرْآنِ [ت].

﴿ʾidhā jāʾa naṣru Allāhi﴾ [al-naṣri: 1] rubʿu al-qurʾāni [ت].

“When Allah's help comes...” [النَّصْرِ: ١] is one quarter of the Qur'an [ت].

[«الْإِخْلَاصُ»]:

[«al-ʾikhlāṣu»]:

Surat al-Ikhlas:

﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾ [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١] ثُلُثُ الْقُرْآنِ [خ، م، ت، ق].

﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾ [al-ʾikhlāṣi: 1] thuluthu al-qurʾāni [خ، م، ت، ق].

“Say: He is Allah, the One” [الْإِخْلَاصِ: ١] is one third of the Qur'an [خ، م، ت، ق].

تَعْدِلُ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ [خ، د، ت، مس].

taʿdilu thulutha al-qurʾāni [خ، د، ت، مس].

It is equal to one third of the Qur'an [خ، د، ت، مس].

وَقَالَ ﷺ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ بِهَا لِأَصْحَابِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ: «أَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّهُ» [خ، م، س].

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam ʿan rajulin kāna yaqraʾu bihā li-ʾaṣḥābihi fī al-ṣalāti: «ʾakhbirūhu ʾanna Allāha yuḥibbuhu» [خ، م، س].

Regarding a man who used to recite it while leading his companions in prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Tell him that Allah loves him” [خ، م، س].

وَقَالَ ﷺ لِرَجُلٍ كَانَ يُلَازِمُ قِرَاءَتَهَا مَعَ غَيْرِهَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ: «حُبُّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَدْخَلَكَ الْجَنَّةَ» [خ، ت].

wa-qāla ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam lirajulin kāna yulāzimu qirāʾatahā maʿa ghayrihā fī al-ṣalāti: «ḥubbuka ʾiyyāhā ʾadkhalaka al-jannata» [خ، ت].

To a man who always recited it together with another surah in prayer, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Your love for it has admitted you to Paradise” [خ، ت].

وَسَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَقْرَؤُهَا فَقَالَ: «وَجَبَتِ الْجَنَّةُ»، أَيْ: لَهُ [ت، طا، س، مس].

wa-samiʿa rajulan yaqraʾuhā fa-qāla: «wajabati al-jannatu», ʾay: lahu [ت، طا، س، مس].

He heard a man reciting it and said, “Paradise has become certain”—meaning, certain for him [ت، طا، س، مس].

«وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهَا لَتَعْدِلُ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ» [خ، د، س].

«wa-alladhī nafsī biyadihi ʾinnahā lataʿdilu thulutha al-qurʾāni» [خ، د، س].

“By the One in whose hand is my soul, it is indeed equal to one third of the Qur'an” [خ، د، س].

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«مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ، فَنَامَ عَلَى يَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ: ﴿قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ﴾، إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ يَقُولُ الرَّبُّ: يَا عَبْدِي، ادْخُلْ عَلَى يَمِينِكَ الْجَنَّةَ» [ت].

«man ʾarāda ʾan yanāma ʿalā firāshihi, fa-nāma ʿalā yamīnihi, thumma qaraʾa miʾata marratin: ﴿qul huwa Allāhu ʾaḥadun﴾, ʾidhā kāna yawmu al-qiyāmati yaqūlu al-rabbu: yā ʿabdī, udkhul ʿalā yamīnika al-jannata» [ت].

“Whoever wishes to sleep in bed, lies on the right side, and then recites ‘Say: He is Allah, the One’ one hundred times, the Lord will say to that person on the Day of Resurrection, ‘My servant, enter Paradise on your right’” [ت].

[«الْفَلَقُ» وَ«النَّاسُ»]:

[«al-falaqu» wa-«al-nāsu»]:

Surat al-Falaq and Surat al-Nas:

«أَلَا أُعَلِّمُكَ خَيْرَ سُورَتَيْنِ قُرِئَتَا؟» [د، س].

«ʾalā ʾuʿallimuka khayra sūratayni quriʾatā?» [د، س].

“Shall I teach you the best two surahs ever recited?” [د، س].

«اقْرَأْ بِهِمَا، وَلَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِمِثْلِهِمَا» [س، حب].

«iqraʾ bihimā, wa-lan taqraʾa bimithlihimā» [س، حب].

“Recite them; you will never recite anything comparable to them” [س، حب].

وَكَانَ ﷺ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنَ الْجَانِّ، وَعَيْنِ الْإِنْسَانِ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتِ الْمُعَوِّذَتَانِ، أَخَذَ بِهِمَا وَتَرَكَ مَا سِوَاهُمَا [ت، س، ق].

wa-kāna ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam yataʿawwadhu mina al-jānni, wa-ʿayni al-ʾinsāni, ḥattā nazalati al-muʿawwidhatāni, ʾakhadha bihimā wa-taraka mā siwāhumā [ت، س، ق].

He (peace and blessings be upon him) used to seek protection from the jinn and the evil eye of human beings. When the two surahs of refuge were revealed, he adopted them and left everything else [ت، س، ق].

«مَا سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ، وَلَا اسْتَعَاذَ مُسْتَعِيذٌ بِمِثْلِهِمَا» [مص].

«mā saʾala sāʾilun, wa-lā istaʿādha mustaʿīdhun bimithlihimā» [مص].

“No one who asks has asked with anything like them, and no one who seeks refuge has sought refuge with anything like them” [مص].

«اقْرَأْ بِهِمَا كُلَّمَا نِمْتَ، وَكُلَّمَا قُمْتَ» [مص].

«iqraʾ bihimā kullamā nimta, wa-kullamā qumta» [مص].

“Recite them whenever you go to sleep and whenever you rise” [مص].

«اقْرَأْ بِـ: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾ [الْفَلَقِ: ١]، فَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تَقْرَأَ بِسُورَةٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَبْلَغَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْهَا، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَلَّا تَفُوتَكَ فَافْعَلْ» [مس].

«iqraʾ bi: ﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾ [al-falaqi: 1], fa-ʾinnaka lan taqraʾa bisūratin ʾaḥabba ʾilā Allāhi wa-ʾablagha ʿindahu minhā, fa-ʾini istaṭaʿta ʾallā tafūtaka fa-ifʿal» [مس].

“Recite ‘Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak’ [الْفَلَقِ: ١], for you will never recite a surah more beloved to Allah or of greater merit in His sight than this one. If you can ensure that you never miss it, then do so” [مس].

«لَنْ تَقْرَأَ شَيْئًا أَبْلَغَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ: ﴿قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ﴾» [ي].

«lan taqraʾa shayʾan ʾablagha ʿinda Allāhi min: ﴿qul ʾaʿūdhu birabbi al-falaqi﴾» [ي].

“You will never recite anything of greater merit in Allah's sight than ‘Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak’” [ي].

«أَلَمْ تَرَ آيَاتٍ نَزَلَتِ اللَّيْلَةَ لَمْ تَرَ مِثْلَهُنَّ قَطُّ؟: «الْفَلَقُ» «النَّاسُ»» [م، ت، س].

«ʾalam tara ʾāyātin nazalati al-laylata lam tara mithlahunna qaṭṭu?: «al-falaqu» «al-nāsu»» [م، ت، س].

“Have you not seen the verses revealed tonight, the like of which has never been seen? They are al-Falaq and al-Nas” [م، ت، س].

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الْأَدْعِيَةُ الَّتِي هِيَ غَيْرُ مَخْصُوصَةٍ بِوَقْتٍ وَلَا سَبَبٍ

al-ʾadʿiyatu allatī hiya ghayru makhṣūṣatin biwaqtin wa-lā sababin

SUPPLICATIONS NOT RESTRICTED TO A PARTICULAR TIME OR OCCASION

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكَسَلِ، وَالْهَرَمِ، وَالْمَغْرَمِ، وَالْمَأْثَمِ»(١).

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-kasali, wa-l-harami, wa-l-maghrami, wa-l-maʾthami»(1).

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, decrepitude, burdensome debt, and sin”(1).

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ، وَفِتْنَةِ النَّارِ(٢)، وَفِتْنَةِ الْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَشَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْغِنَى، وَشَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْفَقْرِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ».

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-nāri, wa-fitnati al-nāri(2), wa-fitnati al-qabri, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-sharri fitnati al-ghinā, wa-sharri fitnati al-faqri, wa-min sharri fitnati al-masīḥi al-dajjāli».

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the Fire, the trial of the Fire,(2) the trial of the grave, the punishment of the grave, the evil trial of wealth, the evil trial of poverty, and the evil trial of the False Messiah, the Antichrist.”

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْسِلْ خَطَايَايَ بِمَاءِ الثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّ قَلْبِي مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا يُنَقَّى الثَّوْبُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، وَبَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ» [ع].

«Allāhumma ighsil khaṭāyāya bimāʾi al-thalji wa-l-baradi, wa-naqqi qalbī mina al-khaṭāyā kamā yunaqqā al-thawbu al-ʾabyaḍu mina al-danasi, wa-bāʿid baynī wa-bayna khaṭāyāya kamā bāʿadta bayna al-mashriqi wa-l-maghribi» [ع].

“O Allah, wash away my sins with the water of snow and hail, cleanse my heart of sins as a white garment is cleansed of stains, and distance me from my sins as You have distanced the east from the west” [ع].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْعَجْزِ، وَالْكَسَلِ، وَالْجُبْنِ، وَالْهَرَمِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ» [خ، م، د، ت، حب، مس، ص، ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-ʿajzi, wa-l-kasali, wa-l-jubni, wa-l-harami, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-maḥyā wa-l-mamāti» [خ، م، د، ت، حب، مس، ص، ط].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from incapacity, laziness, cowardice, and decrepitude. I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death” [خ، م، د، ت، حب، مس، ص، ط].

وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْقَسْوَةِ، وَالْغَفْلَةِ، وَالْعَيْلَةِ، وَالذِّلَّةِ، وَالْمَسْكَنَةِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ، وَالْكُفْرِ، وَالْفُسُوقِ، وَالشِّقَاقِ، وَالسُّمْعَةِ، وَالرِّيَاءِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الصَّمَمِ، وَالْبَكَمِ، وَالْجُنُونِ، وَالْجُذَامِ، وَسَيِّئِ الْأَسْقَامِ(٣) [حب، مس، صط].

wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-qaswati, wa-l-ghaflati, wa-l-ʿaylati, wa-l-dhillati, wa-l-maskanati, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-faqri, wa-l-kufri, wa-l-fusūqi, wa-l-shiqāqi, wa-l-sumʿati, wa-l-riyāʾi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-ṣamami, wa-l-bakami, wa-l-junūni, wa-l-judhāmi, wa-sayyiʾi al-ʾasqāmi(3) [حب، مس، صط].

I seek refuge in You from hardheartedness, heedlessness, destitution, humiliation, and helpless poverty. I seek refuge in You from poverty, unbelief, wickedness, discord, seeking a reputation, and showing off. I seek refuge in You from deafness, muteness, insanity, leprosy, and terrible diseases(3) [حب، مس، صط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَمِّ، وَالْحَزَنِ، وَالْكَسَلِ، وَالْبُخْلِ وَالْجُبْنِ، وَضَلَعِ الدَّيْنِ، وَغَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ» [خ، د، ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-hammi, wa-l-ḥazani, wa-l-kasali, wa-l-bukhli wa-l-jubni, wa-ḍalaʿi al-dayni, wa-ghalabati al-rijāli» [خ، د، ت، س].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from anxiety, grief, laziness, stinginess, cowardice, the crushing burden of debt, and being overpowered by others” [خ، د، ت، س].

(١) الْمَغْرَمُ: هُوَ أَنْ يَسْتَدِينَ الْإِنْسَانُ مَا يَتَعَسَّرُ أَوْ يَتَعَذَّرُ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ.

(1) al-maghramu: huwa ʾan yastadīna al-ʾinsānu mā yataʿassaru ʾaw yataʿadhdharu ʿalayhi qaḍāʾuhu.

(1) Maghram means taking on a debt whose repayment is difficult or impossible for a person.

وَالْمَأْثَمُ: هُوَ مَا يَكُونُ سَبَبًا لِلْوُقُوعِ فِي الْإِثْمِ.

wa-l-maʾthamu: huwa mā yakūnu sababan li-l-wuqūʿi fī al-ʾithmi.

Ma'tham is anything that causes a person to fall into sin.

(٢) أَيْ الْفِتْنَةُ الَّتِي تُؤَدِّي إِلَى دُخُولِ النَّارِ.

(2) ʾay al-fitnatu allatī tuʾaddī ʾilā dukhūli al-nāri.

(2) That is, the trial that leads to entering the Fire.

(٣) الْعَيْلَةُ: هِيَ الْفَاقَةُ وَالْحَاجَةُ وَعَدَمُ الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى الْقِيَامِ بِمَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ هُوَ وَمَنْ يَعُولُهُ.

(3) al-ʿaylatu: hiya al-fāqatu wa-l-ḥājatu wa-ʿadamu al-qudrati ʿalā al-qiyāmi bimā yaḥtāju ʾilayhi huwa wa-man yaʿūluhu.

(3) ʿAylah means poverty, need, and the inability to provide what a person and their dependants require.

الشِّقَاقُ: هُوَ الْخِلَافُ وَالتَّنَازُعُ وَالْعَدَاوَةُ بِمَا يَقَعُ مِنَ الْأَسْبَابِ الْمُوجِبَةِ لِذَلِكَ.

al-shiqāqu: huwa al-khilāfu wa-l-tanāzuʿu wa-l-ʿadāwatu bimā yaqaʿu mina al-ʾasbābi al-mūjibati li-dhālika.

Shiqaq means disagreement, conflict, and hostility resulting from circumstances that give rise to them.

السُّمْعَةُ: هُوَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ الْخَيْرَ لَا لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ لِيَسْمَعَ النَّاسُ وَيَشْتَهِرَ بِذَلِكَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ.

al-sumʿatu: huwa ʾan yafʿala al-khayra lā liwajhi Allāhi subḥānahu bal liyasmaʿa al-nāsu wa-yashtahira bi-dhālika fīmā baynahum.

Sumʿah means doing good not for the sake of Allah, Glorified is He, but so that people hear about it and one becomes known for it among them.

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«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [خ، ت، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-bukhli, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-jubni, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾuradda ʾilā ʾardhali al-ʿumuri, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min fitnati al-dunyā, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābi al-qabri» [خ، ت، س].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from stinginess; I seek refuge in You from cowardice; I seek refuge in You from being returned to the most feeble stage of life; I seek refuge in You from the trial of this world; and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave” [خ، ت، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْعَجْزِ، وَالْكَسَلِ، وَالْجُبْنِ، وَالْبُخْلِ، وَالْهَرَمِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ؛ اللَّهُمَّ آتِ نَفْسِي تَقْوَاهَا، وَزَكِّهَا أَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا، أَنْتَ وَلِيُّهَا وَمَوْلَاهَا؛

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-ʿajzi, wa-l-kasali, wa-l-jubni, wa-l-bukhli, wa-l-harami, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri; Allāhumma ʾāti nafsī taqwāhā, wa-zakkihā ʾanta khayru man zakkāhā, ʾanta waliyyuhā wa-mawlāhā;

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from incapacity, laziness, cowardice, stinginess, decrepitude, and the punishment of the grave. O Allah, grant my soul its reverent awareness of You and purify it; You are the best to purify it. You are its Guardian and Master.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ، وَقَلْبٍ لَا يَخْشَعُ، وَمِنْ نَفْسٍ لَا تَشْبَعُ، وَمِنْ دَعْوَةٍ لَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهَا (دُعَاءٍ لَا يُسْتَجَابُ)» [م، ت، س، مص].

Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu, wa-qalbin lā yakhshaʿu, wa-min nafsin lā tashbaʿu, wa-min daʿwatin lā yustajābu lahā (duʿāʾin lā yustajābu)» [م، ت، س، مص].

O Allah, I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit, a heart that is not humble, a soul that is never satisfied, and a prayer that is not answered (a supplication that is not answered)” [م، ت، س، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ، وَالْبُخْلِ، وَسُوءِ الْعُمُرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الصَّدْرِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [د، س، ق، حب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-jubni, wa-l-bukhli, wa-sūʾi al-ʿumuri, wa-fitnati al-ṣadri, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri» [د، س، ق، حب].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from cowardice, stinginess, a wretched old age, the temptations of the heart, and the punishment of the grave” [د، س، ق، حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّتِكَ - لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ - أَنْ تُضِلَّنِي، أَنْتَ الْحَيُّ لَا تَمُوتُ، وَالْجِنُّ وَالْإِنْسُ يَمُوتُونَ» [خ، م، س].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿūdhu biʿizzatika - lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta - ʾan tuḍillanī, ʾanta al-ḥayyu lā tamūtu, wa-l-jinnu wa-l-ʾinsu yamūtūna» [خ، م، س].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in Your might—there is no god but You—from Your letting me go astray. You are the Ever-Living who does not die, while jinn and human beings die” [خ، م، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ جَهْدِ الْبَلَاءِ، وَدَرَكِ الشَّقَاءِ، وَسُوءِ الْقَضَاءِ، وَشَمَاتَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ» [خ].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika min jahdi al-balāʾi, wa-daraki al-shaqāʾi, wa-sūʾi al-qaḍāʾi, wa-shamātati al-ʾaʿdāʾi» [خ].

“O Allah, we seek refuge in You from unbearable affliction, being overtaken by misery, an evil decree, and the gloating of enemies” [خ].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا عَمِلْتُ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا لَمْ أَعْمَلْ» [م، د، س، ق].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʿamiltu, wa-min sharri mā lam ʾaʿmal» [م، د، س، ق].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done and the evil of what I have not done” [م، د، س، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا عَلِمْتُ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ» [س، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʿalimtu, wa-min sharri mā lam ʾaʿlam» [س، مص].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I know and the evil of what I do not know” [س، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ زَوَالِ نِعْمَتِكَ، وَتَحَوُّلِ (وَتَحْوِيلِ [د]) عَافِيَتِكَ، وَفُجَاءَةِ نِقْمَتِكَ، وَجَمِيعِ سَخَطِكَ» [م، د، س].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min zawāli niʿmatika, wa-taḥawwuli (wa-taḥwīli [د]) ʿāfiyatika, wa-fujāʾati niqmatika, wa-jamīʿi sakhaṭika» [م، د، س].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the disappearance of Your blessing, the loss (the removal [د]) of the well-being You grant, the sudden onset of Your punishment, and every form of Your displeasure” [م، د، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ سَمْعِي، وَمِنْ شَرِّ بَصَرِي، وَمِنْ شَرِّ لِسَانِي، وَمِنْ شَرِّ قَلْبِي، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَنِيِّي» [ت، د، س، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri samʿī, wa-min sharri baṣarī, wa-min sharri lisānī, wa-min sharri qalbī, wa-min sharri maniyyī» [ت، د، س، مس].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of my hearing, the evil of my sight, the evil of my tongue, the evil of my heart, and the evil of my sexual desire” [ت، د، س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ، وَالْفَاقَةِ، وَالذِّلَّةِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ» [د، س، ق، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-faqri, wa-l-fāqati, wa-l-dhillati, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʾan ʾaẓlima ʾaw ʾuẓlama» [د، س، ق، مس].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from poverty, need, and humiliation, and I seek refuge in You from wronging anyone or being wronged” [د، س، ق، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَدْمِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ التَّرَدِّي، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-hadmi, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-taraddī, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from being crushed by a collapsing building; I seek refuge in You from falling from a height; and I seek refuge in You from

(١) الْهَدْمُ: انْهِدَامُ الْبِنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ. وَالتَّرَدِّي: هُوَ السُّقُوطُ مِنْ مَكَانٍ عَالٍ إِلَى مَكَانٍ مُنْخَفِضٍ.

(1) al-hadmu: inhidāmu al-bināʾi ʿalayhi. wa-l-taraddī: huwa al-suqūṭu min makānin ʿālin ʾilā makānin munkhafiḍin.

(1) Hadm means a building collapsing upon a person. Taraddi means falling from a high place to a lower one.

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الْغَرَقِ، وَالْحَرَقِ، وَالْهَرَمِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ يَتَخَبَّطَنِي الشَّيْطَانُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ أَمُوتَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مُدْبِرًا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَمُوتَ لَدِيغًا» [د، س، مس].

al-gharaqi, wa-l-ḥaraqi, wa-l-harami, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan yatakhabbaṭanī al-shayṭānu ʿinda al-mawti, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʾan ʾamūta fī sabīlika mudbiran, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika ʾan ʾamūta ladīghan» [د، س، مس].

drowning, burning, and decrepitude. I seek refuge in You from Satan throwing me into confusion at the time of death. I seek refuge in You from dying in Your path while retreating, and I seek refuge in You from dying from a venomous bite” [د، س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ مُنْكَرَاتِ الْأَخْلَاقِ، وَالْأَعْمَالِ، وَالْأَهْوَاءِ» [ت، حب، مس]، «وَالْأَدْوَاءِ» [ت].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min munkarāti al-ʾakhlāqi, wa-l-ʾaʿmāli, wa-l-ʾahwāʾi» [ت، حب، مس], «wa-l-ʾadwāʾi» [ت].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from reprehensible character, deeds, and desires” [ت، حب، مس], “and diseases” [ت].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا سَأَلَكَ مِنْهُ نَبِيُّكَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْهُ نَبِيُّكَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ، وَأَنْتَ الْمُسْتَعَانُ، وَعَلَيْكَ الْبَلَاغُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ» [ت].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā nasʾaluka min khayri mā saʾalaka minhu nabiyyuka muḥammadun ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-naʿūdhu bika min sharri mā istaʿādha minhu nabiyyuka muḥammadun ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, wa-ʾanta al-mustaʿānu, wa-ʿalayka al-balāghu, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata ʾillā bi-llāhi» [ت].

“O Allah, we ask You for the best of what Your Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) asked You for, and we seek refuge in You from the evil from which Your Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) sought refuge. You are the One whose help is sought, and fulfillment rests with You. There is no power or strength except through Allah” [ت].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ جَارِ السُّوءِ فِي دَارِ الْمُقَامَةِ، فَإِنَّ جَارَ الْبَادِيَةِ يَتَحَوَّلُ» [س، حب، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min jāri al-sūʾi fī dāri al-muqāmati, fa-ʾinna jāra al-bādiyati yataḥawwalu» [س، حب، مس].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from a bad neighbor in a permanent home, for a neighbor in the desert can move away” [س، حب، مس].

«أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ، وَالدَّيْنِ» [س، حب، مس].

«ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi mina al-kufri, wa-l-dayni» [س، حب، مس].

“I seek refuge in Allah from unbelief and debt” [س، حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ غَلَبَةِ الدَّيْنِ، وَغَلَبَةِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَشَمَاتَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ» [مس، حب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ghalabati al-dayni, wa-ghalabati al-ʿaduwwi, wa-shamātati al-ʾaʿdāʾi» [مس، حب].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from being overwhelmed by debt, being overpowered by the enemy, and the gloating of enemies” [مس، حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ، وَقَلْبٍ لَا يَخْشَعُ، وَدُعَاءٍ لَا يُسْمَعُ، وَنَفْسٍ لَا تَشْبَعُ، وَمِنَ الْجُوعِ فَإِنَّهُ بِئْسَ الضَّجِيعُ، وَمِنَ الْخِيَانَةِ فَبِئْسَتِ الْبِطَانَةُ، وَمِنَ الْكَسَلِ وَالْبُخْلِ وَالْجُبْنِ، وَمِنَ الْهَرَمِ، وَمِنْ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ،

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu, wa-qalbin lā yakhshaʿu, wa-duʿāʾin lā yusmaʿu, wa-nafsin lā tashbaʿu, wa-mina al-jūʿi fa-ʾinnahu biʾsa al-ḍajīʿu, wa-mina al-khiyānati fa-biʾsati al-biṭānatu, wa-mina al-kasali wa-l-bukhli wa-l-jubni, wa-mina al-harami, wa-min ʾan ʾuradda ʾilā ʾardhali al-ʿumuri,

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit, a heart that is not humble, a supplication that is not heard, a soul that is never satisfied, and hunger, for it is a terrible bedfellow; from betrayal, for it is a terrible inner companion; from laziness, stinginess, and cowardice; from decrepitude; and from being returned to the most feeble stage of life;

وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ؛ اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ عَزَائِمَ مَغْفِرَتِكَ، وَمُنْجِيَاتِ أَمْرِكَ، وَالسَّلَامَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ إِثْمٍ، وَالْغَنِيمَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ بِرٍّ، وَالْفَوْزَ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَالنَّجَاةَ مِنَ النَّارِ» [مس].

wa-min fitnati al-masīḥi al-dajjāli, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-fitnati al-maḥyā wa-l-mamāti; Allāhumma ʾinnā nasʾaluka ʿazāʾima maghfiratika, wa-munjiyāti ʾamrika, wa-l-salāmata min kulli ʾithmin, wa-l-ghanīmata min kulli birrin, wa-l-fawza bi-l-jannati, wa-l-najāta mina al-nāri» [مس].

from the trial of the False Messiah, the Antichrist; the punishment of the grave; and the trials of life and death. O Allah, we ask You for the sure means to Your forgiveness, the deeds that bring salvation by Your command, safety from every sin, the gain of every act of righteousness, victory through admission to Paradise, and deliverance from the Fire” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ» [حب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʿilman nāfiʿan, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu» [حب].

“O Allah, I ask You for beneficial knowledge, and I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit” [حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ، وَعَمَلٍ لَا يُرْفَعُ، وَقَلْبٍ لَا يَخْشَعُ، وَقَوْلٍ لَا يُسْمَعُ» [حب، مس، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu, wa-ʿamalin lā yurfaʿu, wa-qalbin lā yakhshaʿu, wa-qawlin lā yusmaʿu» [حب، مس، مص].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit, a deed that is not raised up, a heart that is not humble, and words that are not heard” [حب، مس، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ نَرْجِعَ عَلَى أَعْقَابِنَا، أَوْ نُفْتَنَ عَنْ دِينِنَا» [مو، خ، م].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā naʿūdhu bika ʾan narjiʿa ʿalā ʾaʿqābinā, ʾaw nuftana ʿan dīninā» [مو، خ، م].

“O Allah, we seek refuge in You from turning back on our heels or being tempted away from our religion” [مو، خ، م].

«نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ، نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الْفِتَنِ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ» [عو].

«naʿūdhu bi-llāhi min ʿadhābi al-nāri, naʿūdhu bi-llāhi mina al-fitani mā ẓahara minhā wa-mā baṭana, naʿūdhu bi-llāhi min fitnati al-dajjāli» [عو].

“We seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the Fire. We seek refuge in Allah from trials, those that are apparent and those that are hidden. We seek refuge in Allah from the trial of the Antichrist” [عو].

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«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ، وَمِنْ قَلْبٍ لَا يَخْشَعُ، وَمِنْ نَفْسٍ لَا تَشْبَعُ، وَمِنْ دُعَاءٍ لَا يُسْمَعُ؛ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعِ» [مص، طس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu, wa-min qalbin lā yakhshaʿu, wa-min nafsin lā tashbaʿu, wa-min duʿāʾin lā yusmaʿu; Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min hāʾulāʾi al-ʾarbaʿi» [مص، طس].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit, a heart that is not humble, a soul that is never satisfied, and a supplication that is not heard. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from these four” [مص، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي، وَخَطَئِي، وَعَمْدِي» [طس].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī dhunūbī, wa-khaṭaʾī, wa-ʿamdī» [طس].

“O Allah, forgive me my sins, my mistakes, and my deliberate wrongdoing” [طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ دُعَاءٍ لَا يُسْمَعُ، وَقَلْبٍ لَا يَخْشَعُ، وَنَفْسٍ لَا تَشْبَعُ» [ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min duʿāʾin lā yusmaʿu, wa-qalbin lā yakhshaʿu, wa-nafsin lā tashbaʿu» [ط].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from a supplication that is not heard, a heart that is not humble, and a soul that is never satisfied” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكَسَلِ، وَالْهَرَمِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الصَّدْرِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» [ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-kasali, wa-l-harami, wa-fitnati al-ṣadri, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri» [ط].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, senility, the temptations of the heart, and the punishment of the grave” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ يَوْمِ السُّوءِ، وَمِنْ لَيْلَةِ السُّوءِ، وَمِنْ سَاعَةِ السُّوءِ، وَمِنْ صَاحِبِ السُّوءِ، وَمِنْ جَارِ السُّوءِ فِي دَارِ الْمُقَامَةِ» [ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min yawmi al-sūʾi, wa-min laylati al-sūʾi, wa-min sāʿati al-sūʾi, wa-min ṣāḥibi al-sūʾi, wa-min jāri al-sūʾi fī dāri al-muqāmati» [ط].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from an evil day, an evil night, an evil hour, an evil companion, and an evil neighbor in a permanent home” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْبَرَصِ، وَالْجُنُونِ، وَالْجُذَامِ، وَسَيِّئِ الْأَسْقَامِ» [د، س، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-baraṣi, wa-l-junūni, wa-l-judhāmi, wa-sayyiʾi al-ʾasqāmi» [د، س، مص].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from vitiligo, insanity, leprosy, and terrible diseases” [د، س، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشِّقَاقِ، وَالنِّفَاقِ، وَسُوءِ الْأَخْلَاقِ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-shiqāqi, wa-l-nifāqi, wa-sūʾi al-ʾakhlāqi» [د].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from discord, hypocrisy, and bad character” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُوعِ فَإِنَّهُ بِئْسَ الضَّجِيعُ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخِيَانَةِ فَإِنَّهَا بِئْسَتِ الْبِطَانَةُ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-jūʿi fa-ʾinnahu biʾsa al-ḍajīʿu, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-khiyānati fa-ʾinnahā biʾsati al-biṭānatu» [د].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from hunger, for it is a terrible bedfellow; and I seek refuge in You from betrayal, for it is a terrible inner companion” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْأَرْبَعِ: مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ، وَمِنْ قَلْبٍ لَا يَخْشَعُ، وَمِنْ نَفْسٍ لَا تَشْبَعُ، وَدُعَاءٍ لَا يُسْمَعُ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-ʾarbaʿi: min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu, wa-min qalbin lā yakhshaʿu, wa-min nafsin lā tashbaʿu, wa-duʿāʾin lā yusmaʿu» [د].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from four things: knowledge that does not benefit, a heart that is not humble, a soul that is never satisfied, and a supplication that is not heard” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً، وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ» [خ، م، د، س].

«Allāhumma rabbanā ʾātinā fī al-dunyā ḥasanatan, wa-fī al-ʾākhirati ḥasanatan, wa-qinā ʿadhāba al-nāri» [خ، م، د، س].

“O Allah, our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire” [خ، م، د، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطِيئَتِي، وَجَهْلِي، وَإِسْرَافِي فِي أَمْرِي، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي» [خ، م، س].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī khaṭīʾatī, wa-jahlī, wa-ʾisrāfī fī ʾamrī, wa-mā ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bihi minnī» [خ، م، س].

“O Allah, forgive my sin, my ignorance, my excess in my affairs, and whatever You know better than I do” [خ، م، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي هَزْلِي، وَجِدِّي، وَخَطَئِي، وَعَمْدِي، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ، وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» [خ، م].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī hazlī, wa-jiddī, wa-khaṭaʾī, wa-ʿamdī, wa-kullu dhālika ʿindī, ʾanta al-muqaddimu, wa-ʾanta al-muʾakhkhiru, wa-ʾanta ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun» [خ، م].

“O Allah, forgive what I have done in jest and in earnest, by mistake and deliberately—all of that is within me. You are the One who brings forward and the One who puts back, and You have power over all things” [خ، م].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي جِدِّي، وَهَزْلِي، وَخَطَئِي، وَعَمْدِي، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي» [مص].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī jiddī, wa-hazlī, wa-khaṭaʾī, wa-ʿamdī, wa-kullu dhālika ʿindī» [مص].

“O Allah, forgive what I have done in earnest and in jest, by mistake and deliberately—all of that is within me” [مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْسِلْ عَنِّي خَطَايَايَ بِمَاءِ الثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّ قَلْبِي مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا

«Allāhumma ighsil ʿannī khaṭāyāya bimāʾi al-thalji wa-l-baradi, wa-naqqi qalbī mina al-khaṭāyā kamā

“O Allah, wash my sins away from me with snow-water and hail, and cleanse my heart of sins as

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نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الْأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، وَبَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ» [خ، م].

naqqayta al-thawba al-ʾabyaḍa mina al-danasi, wa-bāʿid baynī wa-bayna khaṭāyāya kamā bāʿadta bayna al-mashriqi wa-l-maghribi» [خ، م].

a white garment is cleansed of stains, and distance me from my sins as You have distanced the east from the west” [خ، م].

«اللَّهُمَّ مُصَرِّفَ الْقُلُوبِ صَرِّفْ قُلُوبَنَا عَلَى طَاعَتِكَ» [م، س].

«Allāhumma muṣarrifa al-qulūbi ṣarrif qulūbanā ʿalā ṭāʿatika» [م، س].

“O Allah, Turner of hearts, turn our hearts toward obedience to You” [م، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي وَسَدِّدْنِي» [م].

«Allāhumma ihdinī wa-saddidnī» [م].

“O Allah, guide me and keep me on the right course” [م].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْهُدَى وَالسَّدَادَ» [م].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-hudā wa-l-sadāda» [م].

“O Allah, I ask You for guidance and soundness” [م].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْهُدَى، وَالتُّقَى، وَالْعَفَافَ، وَالْغِنَى» [م، ت، ق].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-hudā, wa-l-tuqā, wa-l-ʿafāfa, wa-l-ghinā» [م، ت، ق].

“O Allah, I ask You for guidance, reverent awareness of You, chastity, and freedom from need” [م، ت، ق].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِحْ لِي دِينِي الَّذِي هُوَ عِصْمَةُ أَمْرِي، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي دُنْيَايَ الَّتِي فِيهَا مَعَاشِي، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي آخِرَتِي الَّتِي فِيهَا مَعَادِي، وَاجْعَلِ الْحَيَاةَ زِيَادَةً لِي فِي كُلِّ خَيْرٍ، وَاجْعَلِ الْمَوْتَ رَاحَةً لِي مِنْ كُلِّ شَرٍّ» [م].

«Allāhumma ʾaṣliḥ lī dīnī alladhī huwa ʿiṣmatu ʾamrī, wa-ʾaṣliḥ lī dunyāya allatī fīhā maʿāshī, wa-ʾaṣliḥ lī ʾākhiratī allatī fīhā maʿādī, wa-ijʿali al-ḥayāta ziyādatan lī fī kulli khayrin, wa-ijʿali al-mawta rāḥatan lī min kulli sharrin» [م].

“O Allah, set right for me my religion, which safeguards all my affairs; set right for me my worldly life, in which I earn my living; set right for me my Hereafter, to which I will return; make life an increase for me in every good; and make death a relief for me from every evil” [م].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَعَافِنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي [م]، وَاهْدِنِي» [م].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ʿāfinī, wa-urzuqnī [م], wa-ihdinī» [م].

“O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, grant me well-being, provide for me [م], and guide me” [م].

«رَبِّ أَعِنِّي وَلَا تُعِنْ عَلَيَّ، وَانْصُرْنِي وَلَا تَنْصُرْ عَلَيَّ، وَامْكُرْ لِي وَلَا تَمْكُرْ عَلَيَّ، وَاهْدِنِي، وَيَسِّرِ الْهُدَى لِي، وَانْصُرْنِي عَلَى مَنْ بَغَى عَلَيَّ، رَبِّ اجْعَلْنِي لَكَ ذَكَّارًا، لَكَ شَكَّارًا، لَكَ رَهَّابًا، لَكَ مِطْوَاعًا (مُطِيعًا إِلَيْكَ [مص])،

«rabbi ʾaʿinnī wa-lā tuʿin ʿalayya, wa-unṣurnī wa-lā tanṣur ʿalayya, wa-umkur lī wa-lā tamkur ʿalayya, wa-ihdinī, wa-yassiri al-hudā lī, wa-unṣurnī ʿalā man baghā ʿalayya, rabbi ijʿalnī laka dhakkāran, laka shakkāran, laka rahhāban, laka miṭwāʿan (muṭīʿan ʾilayka [مص]),

“My Lord, help me and do not help against me; support me and do not support anyone against me; plan in my favor and not against me; guide me and make guidance easy for me; and grant me victory over anyone who wrongs me. My Lord, make me remember You often, thank You often, stand in awe of You, obey You readily (be obedient to You [مص]),

لَكَ مُخْبِتًا، إِلَيْكَ أَوَّاهًا مُنِيبًا؛ رَبِّ تَقَبَّلْ تَوْبَتِي، وَاغْسِلْ حَوْبَتِي، وَأَجِبْ دَعْوَتِي، وَثَبِّتْ حُجَّتِي، وَسَدِّدْ لِسَانِي، وَاهْدِ قَلْبِي، وَاسْلُلْ سَخِيمَةَ صَدْرِي (قَلْبِي [مص])» [عه، حب، مس، مص].

laka mukhbitan, ʾilayka ʾawwāhan munīban; rabbi taqabbal tawbatī, wa-ighsil ḥawbatī, wa-ʾajib daʿwatī, wa-thabbit ḥujjatī, wa-saddid lisānī, wa-ihdi qalbī, wa-uslul sakhīmata ṣadrī (qalbī [مص])» [عه، حب، مس، مص].

be humbly devoted to You, implore You often, and return to You in repentance. My Lord, accept my repentance, wash away my sin, answer my supplication, make my proof firm, guide my tongue to what is right, guide my heart, and draw all rancor from my breast (my heart [مص])” [عه، حب، مس، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَنَا، وَارْحَمْنَا، وَارْضَ عَنَّا، وَتَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا، وَأَدْخِلْنَا الْجَنَّةَ، وَنَجِّنَا مِنَ النَّارِ، وَأَصْلِحْ لَنَا شَأْنَنَا كُلَّهُ» [ق، د].

«Allāhumma ighfir lanā, wa-irḥamnā, wa-irḍa ʿannā, wa-taqabbal minnā, wa-ʾadkhilnā al-jannata, wa-najjinā mina al-nāri, wa-ʾaṣliḥ lanā shaʾnanā kullahu» [ق، د].

“O Allah, forgive us, have mercy on us, be pleased with us, accept from us, admit us to Paradise, save us from the Fire, and set all our affairs right” [ق، د].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَلِّفْ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِنَا، وَأَصْلِحْ ذَاتَ بَيْنِنَا، وَاهْدِنَا سُبُلَ السَّلَامِ، وَنَجِّنَا مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ، وَجَنِّبْنَا الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، وَبَارِكْ لَنَا فِي

«Allāhumma ʾallif bayna qulūbinā, wa-ʾaṣliḥ dhāta bayninā, wa-ihdinā subula al-salāmi, wa-najjinā mina al-ẓulumāti ʾilā al-nūri, wa-jannibnā al-fawāḥisha mā ẓahara minhā wa-mā baṭana, wa-bārik lanā fī

“O Allah, unite our hearts, reconcile our relationships, guide us to the paths of peace, deliver us from darkness into light, keep us away from shameful deeds, both open and hidden, and bless our

(١) مُخْبِتًا: مِنَ الْإِخْبَاتِ وَهُوَ الْخُشُوعُ وَالتَّوَاضُعُ وَالْخُضُوعُ.

(1) mukhbitan: mina al-ʾikhbāti wa-huwa al-khushūʿu wa-l-tawāḍuʿu wa-l-khuḍūʿu.

(1) Mukhbit comes from ikhbat, which means humility, modesty, and submission.

أَوَّاهًا: الْأَوَّاهُ هُوَ كَثِيرُ الدُّعَاءِ وَالتَّضَرُّعِ وَالْبُكَاءِ.

ʾawwāhan: al-ʾawwāhu huwa kathīru al-duʿāʾi wa-l-taḍarruʿi wa-l-bukāʾi.

Awwah is one who prays, pleads, and weeps frequently.

مُنِيبًا: الْمُنِيبُ هُوَ الرَّاجِعُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي أُمُورِهِ.

munīban: al-munību huwa al-rājiʿu ʾilā Allāhi fī ʾumūrihi.

Munib is one who returns to Allah in all their affairs.

حَوْبَتِي: مِنَ الْإِثْمِ.

ḥawbatī: mina al-ʾithmi.

Hawbati means my sin.

سَخِيمَةٌ: السَّخِيمَةُ هِيَ الْحِقْدُ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَخْرِجِ الْحِقْدَ مِنْ صَدْرِي.

sakhīmatun: al-sakhīmatu hiya al-ḥiqdu, wa-l-maʿnā ʾakhriji al-ḥiqda min ṣadrī.

Sakhimah means rancor. The meaning is: remove rancor from my breast.

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أَسْمَاعِنَا، وَأَبْصَارِنَا، وَقُلُوبِنَا، وَأَزْوَاجِنَا، وَذُرِّيَّاتِنَا، وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ، وَاجْعَلْنَا شَاكِرِينَ لِنِعْمَتِكَ، مُثْنِينَ بِهَا، قَابِلِيهَا، وَأَتِمَّهَا عَلَيْنَا» [د، حب، مس، ط].

ʾasmāʿinā, wa-ʾabṣārinā, wa-qulūbinā, wa-ʾazwājinā, wa-dhurriyyātinā, wa-tub ʿalaynā ʾinnaka ʾanta al-tawwābu al-raḥīmu, wa-ijʿalnā shākirīna liniʿmatika, muthnīna bihā, qābilīhā, wa-ʾatimmahā ʿalaynā» [د، حب، مس، ط].

hearing, our sight, our hearts, our spouses, and our descendants. Accept our repentance; You are truly the Accepter of Repentance, the Most Merciful. Make us thankful for Your blessing, praising You for it and accepting it, and complete it for us” [د، حب، مس، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الثَّبَاتَ فِي الْأَمْرِ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ عَزِيمَةَ الرُّشْدِ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ شُكْرَ نِعْمَتِكَ، وَحُسْنَ عِبَادَتِكَ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ لِسَانًا صَادِقًا، وَقَلْبًا سَلِيمًا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا تَعْلَمُ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا تَعْلَمُ، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُكَ مِمَّا تَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ» [ت، حب، مص، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-thabāta fī al-ʾamri, wa-ʾasʾaluka ʿazīmata al-rushdi, wa-ʾasʾaluka shukra niʿmatika, wa-ḥusna ʿibādatika, wa-ʾasʾaluka lisānan ṣādiqan, wa-qalban salīman, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā taʿlamu, wa-ʾasʾaluka min khayri mā taʿlamu, wa-ʾastaghfiruka mimmā taʿlamu ʾinnaka ʾanta ʿallāmu al-ghuyūbi» [ت، حب، مص، مس].

“O Allah, I ask You for steadfastness in every matter; firm resolve to follow right guidance; gratitude for Your blessing; and the best worship of You. I ask You for a truthful tongue and a sound heart. I seek refuge in You from the evil that You know; I ask You for the good that You know; and I ask Your forgiveness for what You know. You alone have complete knowledge of all that is unseen” [ت، حب، مص، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ، وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَأَسْرَرْتُ، وَأَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي [مس، أ]، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [أ].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī mā qaddamtu, wa-mā ʾakhkhartu, wa-ʾasrartu, wa-ʾaʿlantu, wa-mā ʾanta ʾaʿlamu bihi minnī [مس، أ], lā ʾilāha ʾillā ʾanta» [أ].

“O Allah, forgive my earlier and later sins, what I have concealed and what I have made public, and whatever You know better than I do [مس، أ]. There is no god but You” [أ].

«اللَّهُمَّ اقْسِمْ لَنَا مِنْ خَشْيَتِكَ مَا تَحُولُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ مَعَاصِيكَ، وَمِنْ طَاعَتِكَ مَا تُبَلِّغُنَا بِهِ جَنَّتَكَ، وَمِنَ الْيَقِينِ مَا تُهَوِّنُ بِهِ عَلَيْنَا مَصَائِبَ الدُّنْيَا، وَمَتِّعْنَا بِأَسْمَاعِنَا وَأَبْصَارِنَا وَقُوَّتِنَا مَا أَحْيَيْتَنَا،

«Allāhumma iqsim lanā min khashyatika mā taḥūlu baynanā wa-bayna maʿāṣīka, wa-min ṭāʿatika mā tuballighunā bihi jannataka, wa-mina al-yaqīni mā tuhawwinu bihi ʿalaynā maṣāʾiba al-dunyā, wa-mattiʿnā bi-ʾasmāʿinā wa-ʾabṣārinā wa-quwwatinā mā ʾaḥyaytanā,

“O Allah, apportion for us enough awe of You to stand between us and disobedience to You; enough obedience to You to bring us into Your Paradise; and enough certainty to make the calamities of this world easy for us. Let us enjoy our hearing, our sight, and our strength for as long as You keep us alive,

وَاجْعَلْهُ الْوَارِثَ مِنَّا، وَاجْعَلْ ثَأْرَنَا عَلَى مَنْ ظَلَمَنَا، وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى مَنْ عَادَانَا، وَلَا تَجْعَلْ مُصِيبَتَنَا فِي دِينِنَا، وَلَا تَجْعَلِ الدُّنْيَا أَكْبَرَ هَمِّنَا وَلَا مَبْلَغَ عِلْمِنَا [حب]، وَلَا تُسَلِّطْ عَلَيْنَا مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمُنَا» [ت، س، مس].

wa-ijʿalhu al-wāritha minnā, wa-ijʿal thaʾranā ʿalā man ẓalamanā, wa-unṣurnā ʿalā man ʿādānā, wa-lā tajʿal muṣībatanā fī dīninā, wa-lā tajʿali al-dunyā ʾakbara hamminā wa-lā mablagha ʿilminā [حب], wa-lā tusalliṭ ʿalaynā man lā yarḥamunā» [ت، س، مس].

and make these faculties last with us until death. Let our redress be against those who wrong us, and grant us victory over those who show us hostility. Do not make our religious faith the place of our calamity. Do not make this world our greatest concern or the limit of our knowledge [حب], and do not place us under the power of anyone who will not show us mercy” [ت، س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ زِدْنَا وَلَا تَنْقُصْنَا، وَأَكْرِمْنَا وَلَا تُهِنَّا، وَأَعْطِنَا وَلَا تَحْرِمْنَا، وَآثِرْنَا وَلَا تُؤْثِرْ عَلَيْنَا، وَأَرْضِنَا وَارْضَ عَنَّا» [ت، س، مس].

«Allāhumma zidnā wa-lā tanquṣnā, wa-ʾakrimnā wa-lā tuhinnā, wa-ʾaʿṭinā wa-lā taḥrimnā, wa-ʾāthirnā wa-lā tuʾthir ʿalaynā, wa-ʾarḍinā wa-irḍa ʿannā» [ت، س، مس].

“O Allah, increase us and do not diminish us; honor us and do not humiliate us; give to us and do not deprive us; favor us and do not favor others over us; make us content and be pleased with us” [ت، س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَلْهِمْنِي رُشْدِي، وَأَعِذْنِي مِنْ شَرِّ نَفْسِي» [ت].

«Allāhumma ʾalhimnī rushdī, wa-ʾaʿidhnī min sharri nafsī» [ت].

“O Allah, inspire me with right guidance and protect me from the evil of my own soul” [ت].

«اللَّهُمَّ قِنِي شَرَّ نَفْسِي، وَاعْزِمْ لِي عَلَى رُشْدِ أَمْرِي؛ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا أَسْرَرْتُ، وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَخْطَأْتُ، وَمَا عَمَدْتُ، وَمَا جَهِلْتُ» [مس، س، حب].

«Allāhumma qinī sharra nafsī, wa-iʿzim lī ʿalā rushdi ʾamrī; Allāhumma ighfir lī mā ʾasrartu, wa-mā ʾaʿlantu, wa-mā ʾakhṭaʾtu, wa-mā ʿamadtu, wa-mā jahiltu» [مس، س، حب].

“O Allah, protect me from the evil of my own soul and grant me firm resolve to guide my affairs rightly. O Allah, forgive what I have hidden and what I have made public, what I have done by mistake and deliberately, and what I have done in ignorance” [مس، س، حب].

«أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ» [ت].

«ʾasʾalu Allāha al-ʿāfiyata fī al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati» [ت].

“I ask Allah for well-being in this world and the Hereafter” [ت].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ فِعْلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ، وَتَرْكَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ، وَحُبَّ الْمَسَاكِينِ، وَأَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي وَتَرْحَمَنِي، وَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ بِقَوْمٍ فِتْنَةً فَتَوَفَّنِي غَيْرَ مَفْتُونٍ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ حُبَّكَ، وَحُبَّ مَنْ يُحِبُّكَ، وَحُبَّ عَمَلٍ يُقَرِّبُ إِلَى حُبِّكَ» [ت، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka fiʿla al-khayrāti, wa-tarka al-munkarāti, wa-ḥubba al-masākīni, wa-ʾan taghfira lī wa-tarḥamanī, wa-ʾidhā ʾaradta biqawmin fitnatan fa-tawaffanī ghayra maftūnin, wa-ʾasʾaluka ḥubbaka, wa-ḥubba man yuḥibbuka, wa-ḥubba ʿamalin yuqarribu ʾilā ḥubbika» [ت، مس].

“O Allah, I ask You to enable me to do good deeds, leave wrong actions, and love the poor; to forgive me and have mercy on me; and, if You intend a trial for a people, to take me in death without being led astray by it. I ask You for Your love, the love of those who love You, and the love of every deed that draws me nearer to Your love” [ت، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ حُبَّكَ، وَحُبَّ مَنْ يُحِبُّكَ، وَالْعَمَلَ الَّذِي يُبَلِّغُنِي حُبَّكَ،

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ḥubbaka, wa-ḥubba man yuḥibbuka, wa-l-ʿamala alladhī yuballighunī ḥubbaka,

“O Allah, I ask You for Your love, the love of those who love You, and the deeds that will bring me to Your love.

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اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ حُبَّكَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ نَفْسِي وَأَهْلِي، وَمِنَ الْمَاءِ الْبَارِدِ» [ت، مس].

Allāhumma ijʿal ḥubbaka ʾaḥabba ʾilayya min nafsī wa-ʾahlī, wa-mina al-māʾi al-bāridi» [ت، مس].

O Allah, make my love for You dearer to me than myself, my family, and cold water” [ت، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي حُبَّكَ، وَحُبَّ مَنْ يَنْفَعُنِي حُبُّهُ عِنْدَكَ؛ اللَّهُمَّ فَكَمَا رَزَقْتَنِي مِمَّا أُحِبُّ، فَاجْعَلْهُ قُوَّةً لِي فِيمَا تُحِبُّ؛ اللَّهُمَّ وَمَا زَوَيْتَ عَنِّي مِمَّا أُحِبُّ، فَاجْعَلْهُ فَرَاغًا لِي فِيمَا تُحِبُّ» [ت].

«Allāhumma urzuqnī ḥubbaka, wa-ḥubba man yanfaʿunī ḥubbuhu ʿindaka; Allāhumma fa-kamā razaqtanī mimmā ʾuḥibbu, fa-ijʿalhu quwwatan lī fīmā tuḥibbu; Allāhumma wa-mā zawayta ʿannī mimmā ʾuḥibbu, fa-ijʿalhu fa-rāghan lī fīmā tuḥibbu» [ت].

“O Allah, grant me Your love and the love of those whose love will benefit me with You. O Allah, whatever You have provided me of what I love, make it a source of strength for me in doing what You love. O Allah, whatever You have withheld from me of what I love, make its absence free me to pursue what You love” [ت].

«اللَّهُمَّ مَتِّعْنِي بِسَمْعِي وَبَصَرِي، وَاجْعَلْهُمَا الْوَارِثَ مِنِّي، وَانْصُرْنِي عَلَى مَنْ يَظْلِمُنِي (ظَلَمَنِي [د])، وَخُذْ مِنْهُ بِثَأْرِي» [ت، مس، ر، د].

«Allāhumma mattiʿnī bisamʿī wa-baṣarī, wa-ijʿalhumā al-wāritha minnī, wa-unṣurnī ʿalā man yaẓlimunī (ẓalamanī [د]), wa-khudh minhu bithaʾrī» [ت، مس، ر، د].

“O Allah, let me enjoy my hearing and sight, and preserve them for me until death. Grant me victory over anyone who wrongs me (who has wronged me [د]), and take my due from that person” [ت، مس، ر، د].

«يَا مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوبِ، ثَبِّتْ قَلْبِي عَلَى دِينِكَ» [ت، س، مس، أ، ص].

«yā muqalliba al-qulūbi, thabbit qalbī ʿalā dīnika» [ت، س، مس، أ، ص].

“Turner of hearts, keep my heart firm upon Your religion” [ت، س، مس، أ، ص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ إِيمَانًا لَا يَرْتَدُّ، وَنَعِيمًا لَا يَنْفَدُ، وَمُرَافَقَةَ نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فِي أَعْلَى دَرَجَةِ الْجَنَّةِ جَنَّةِ الْخُلْدِ» [س، حب، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʾīmānan lā yartaddu, wa-naʿīman lā yanfadu, wa-murāfaqata nabiyyinā muḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam fī ʾaʿlā darajati al-jannati jannati al-khuldi» [س، حب، مس].

“O Allah, I ask You for faith from which I will never turn back, bliss that will never end, and the companionship of our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in the highest rank of Paradise, the everlasting Garden” [س، حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ صِحَّةً فِي إِيمَانٍ، وَإِيمَانًا فِي حُسْنِ خُلُقٍ، وَنَجَاحًا يَتْبَعُهُ فَلَاحٌ، وَرَحْمَةً مِنْكَ وَعَافِيَةً، وَمَغْفِرَةً مِنْكَ وَرِضْوَانًا» [س، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ṣiḥḥatan fī ʾīmānin, wa-ʾīmānan fī ḥusni khuluqin, wa-najāḥan yatbaʿuhu fa-lāḥun, wa-raḥmatan minka wa-ʿāfiyatan, wa-maghfiratan minka wa-riḍwānan» [س، مس].

“O Allah, I ask You for bodily health together with faith, faith joined to fine character, success followed by true prosperity, mercy and well-being from You, and forgiveness and approval from You” [س، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ انْفَعْنِي بِمَا عَلَّمْتَنِي، وَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يَنْفَعُنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي عِلْمًا تَنْفَعُنِي بِهِ» [مس، س].

«Allāhumma infaʿnī bimā ʿallamtanī, wa-ʿallimnī mā yanfaʿunī, wa-urzuqnī ʿilman tanfaʿunī bihi» [مس، س].

“O Allah, benefit me through what You have taught me, teach me what will benefit me, and grant me knowledge through which You will benefit me” [مس، س].

«اللَّهُمَّ انْفَعْنِي بِمَا عَلَّمْتَنِي، وَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يَنْفَعُنِي، وَزِدْنِي عِلْمًا، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ، وَأَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ حَالِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ» [ت، ق، مص].

«Allāhumma infaʿnī bimā ʿallamtanī, wa-ʿallimnī mā yanfaʿunī, wa-zidnī ʿilman, al-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʿalā kulli ḥālin, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bi-llāhi min ḥāli ʾahli al-nāri» [ت، ق، مص].

“O Allah, benefit me through what You have taught me, teach me what will benefit me, and increase me in knowledge. All praise is due to Allah in every circumstance, and I seek refuge in Allah from the state of the people of the Fire” [ت، ق، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ بِعِلْمِكَ الْغَيْبَ، وَقُدْرَتِكَ عَلَى الْخَلْقِ، أَحْيِنِي مَا عَلِمْتَ الْحَيَاةَ خَيْرًا لِي، وَتَوَفَّنِي إِذَا عَلِمْتَ الْوَفَاةَ خَيْرًا لِي، وَأَسْأَلُكَ خَشْيَتَكَ فِي الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، وَكَلِمَةَ الْإِخْلَاصِ فِي الرِّضَا وَالْغَضَبِ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ نَعِيمًا لَا يَنْفَدُ،

«Allāhumma biʿilmika al-ghayba, wa-qudratika ʿalā al-khalqi, ʾaḥyinī mā ʿalimta al-ḥayāta khayran lī, wa-tawaffanī ʾidhā ʿalimta al-wafāta khayran lī, wa-ʾasʾaluka khashyataka fī al-ghaybi wa-l-shahādati, wa-kalimata al-ʾikhlāṣi fī al-riḍā wa-l-ghaḍabi, wa-ʾasʾaluka naʿīman lā yanfadu,

“O Allah, by Your knowledge of the unseen and Your power over creation, keep me alive for as long as You know life to be better for me, and take me in death when You know death to be better for me. I ask You for awe of You in private and in public, sincere speech in contentment and in anger, and bliss that will never end;

وَقُرَّةَ عَيْنٍ لَا تَنْقَطِعُ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ الرِّضَا بِالْقَضَاءِ، وَبَرْدَ الْعَيْشِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَلَذَّةَ النَّظَرِ إِلَى وَجْهِكَ، وَالشَّوْقَ إِلَى لِقَائِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ ضَرَّاءَ مُضِرَّةٍ، وَفِتْنَةٍ مُضِلَّةٍ، اللَّهُمَّ زَيِّنَّا بِزِينَةِ الْإِيمَانِ، وَاجْعَلْنَا هُدَاةً مُهْتَدِينَ» [س، مس، أ، ط].

wa-qurrata ʿaynin lā tanqaṭiʿu, wa-ʾasʾaluka al-riḍā bi-l-qaḍāʾi, wa-barda al-ʿayshi baʿda al-mawti, wa-ladhdhata al-naẓari ʾilā wajhika, wa-l-shawqa ʾilā liqāʾika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ḍarrāʾa muḍirratin, wa-fitnatin muḍillatin, Allāhumma zayyinnā bizīnati al-ʾīmāni, wa-ijʿalnā hudātan muhtadīna» [س، مس، أ، ط].

a comfort to the eyes that will never cease; contentment with Your decree; the serene delight of life after death; the pleasure of looking upon Your Face; and longing to meet You. I seek refuge in You from harmful adversity and a trial that leads astray. O Allah, adorn us with the beauty of faith, and make us guides who are rightly guided” [س، مس، أ، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ كُلِّهِ، عَاجِلِهِ وَآجِلِهِ، مَا عَلِمْتُ مِنْهُ وَمَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّرِّ كُلِّهِ، عَاجِلِهِ وَآجِلِهِ، مَا عَلِمْتُ مِنْهُ وَمَا لَمْ أَعْلَمْ؛ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ مَا سَأَلَكَ عَبْدُكَ وَنَبِيُّكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا عَاذَ مِنْهُ

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka mina al-khayri kullihi, ʿājilihi wa-ʾājilihi, mā ʿalimtu minhu wa-mā lam ʾaʿlam, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-sharri kullihi, ʿājilihi wa-ʾājilihi, mā ʿalimtu minhu wa-mā lam ʾaʿlam; Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min khayri mā saʾalaka ʿabduka wa-nabiyyuka, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʿādha minhu

“O Allah, I ask You for every good, immediate and future, what I know of it and what I do not know. I seek refuge in You from every evil, immediate and future, what I know of it and what I do not know. O Allah, I ask You for the best of what Your servant and Prophet asked You for, and I seek refuge in You from the evil from which

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عَبْدُكَ وَنَبِيُّكَ؛ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَا قَرَّبَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ قَوْلٍ أَوْ عَمَلٍ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمَا قَرَّبَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ قَوْلٍ أَوْ عَمَلٍ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ كُلَّ قَضَاءٍ قَضَيْتَهُ لِي خَيْرًا» [ق، حب، مس]، وَأَسْأَلُكَ مَا قَضَيْتَ لِي مِنْ أَمْرٍ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ عَاقِبَتَهُ رُشْدًا [س].

ʿabduka wa-nabiyyuka; Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-jannata wa-mā qarraba ʾilayhā min qawlin ʾaw ʿamalin, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-nāri wa-mā qarraba ʾilayhā min qawlin ʾaw ʿamalin, wa-ʾasʾaluka ʾan tajʿala kulla qaḍāʾin qaḍaytahu lī khayran» [ق، حب، مس], wa-ʾasʾaluka mā qaḍayta lī min ʾamrin ʾan tajʿala ʿāqibatahu rushdan [س].

Your servant and Prophet sought refuge. O Allah, I ask You for Paradise and every word and deed that brings one nearer to it, and I seek refuge in You from the Fire and every word and deed that brings one nearer to it. I ask You to make every decree You have made for me good” [ق، حب، مس], “and I ask You to make the outcome of every affair You have decreed for me one of right guidance” [س].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَحْسِنْ عَاقِبَتَنَا فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا، وَأَجِرْنَا مِنْ خِزْيِ الدُّنْيَا وَعَذَابِ الْآخِرَةِ» [حب، مس].

«Allāhumma ʾaḥsin ʿāqibatanā fī al-ʾumūri kullihā, wa-ʾajirnā min khizyi al-dunyā wa-ʿadhābi al-ʾākhirati» [حب، مس].

“O Allah, grant us a good outcome in every affair and protect us from disgrace in this world and punishment in the Hereafter” [حب، مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ احْفَظْنِي بِالْإِسْلَامِ قَائِمًا، وَاحْفَظْنِي بِالْإِسْلَامِ قَاعِدًا، وَاحْفَظْنِي بِالْإِسْلَامِ رَاقِدًا، وَلَا تُشْمِتْ بِي عَدُوًّا وَلَا حَاسِدًا؛ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ خَزَائِنُهُ بِيَدِكَ» [مس، حب].

«Allāhumma iḥfaẓnī bi-l-ʾislāmi qāʾiman, wa-iḥfaẓnī bi-l-ʾislāmi qāʿidan, wa-iḥfaẓnī bi-l-ʾislāmi rāqidan, wa-lā tushmit bī ʿaduwwan wa-lā ḥāsidan; Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min kulli khayrin khazāʾinuhu biyadika» [مس، حب].

“O Allah, preserve me through Islam while I am standing, preserve me through Islam while I am sitting, and preserve me through Islam while I am lying down. Do not let an enemy or an envious person gloat over me. O Allah, I ask You for every good whose treasures are in Your hand” [مس، حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَنْتَ آخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهِ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ الَّذِي هُوَ بِيَدِكَ كُلِّهِ» [حب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri mā ʾanta ʾākhidhun bināṣiyatihi, wa-ʾasʾaluka mina al-khayri alladhī huwa biyadika kullihi» [حب].

“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of every creature whose forelock You hold, and I ask You for all the good that is in Your hand” [حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ مُوجِبَاتِ رَحْمَتِكَ، وَعَزَائِمَ مَغْفِرَتِكَ، وَالسَّلَامَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ إِثْمٍ، وَالْغَنِيمَةَ مِنْ كُلِّ بِرٍّ، وَالْفَوْزَ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَالنَّجَاةَ مِنَ النَّارِ» [مس، ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnā nasʾaluka mūjibāti raḥmatika, wa-ʿazāʾima maghfiratika, wa-l-salāmata min kulli ʾithmin, wa-l-ghanīmata min kulli birrin, wa-l-fawza bi-l-jannati, wa-l-najāta mina al-nāri» [مس، ط].

“O Allah, we ask You for the deeds that bring about Your mercy, the sure means to Your forgiveness, safety from every sin, the gain of every act of righteousness, victory through admission to Paradise, and deliverance from the Fire” [مس، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَدَعْ لَنَا ذَنْبًا إِلَّا غَفَرْتَهُ، وَلَا هَمًّا إِلَّا فَرَّجْتَهُ، وَلَا دَيْنًا إِلَّا قَضَيْتَهُ، وَلَا حَاجَةً مِنْ حَوَائِجِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا قَضَيْتَهَا يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ» [ط، طب].

«Allāhumma lā tadaʿ lanā dhanban ʾillā ghafartahu, wa-lā hamman ʾillā farrajtahu, wa-lā daynan ʾillā qaḍaytahu, wa-lā ḥājatan min ḥawāʾiji al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati ʾillā qaḍaytahā yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna» [ط، طب].

“O Allah, leave no sin of ours unforgiven, no anxiety unrelieved, no debt unpaid, and no need of this world or the Hereafter unfulfilled, Most Merciful of those who show mercy” [ط، طب].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنَّا عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ، وَشُكْرِكَ، وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ» [مس، أ].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿinnā ʿalā dhikrika, wa-shukrika, wa-ḥusni ʿibādatika» [مس، أ].

“O Allah, help us to remember You, thank You, and worship You in the best manner” [مس، أ].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ، وَشُكْرِكَ، وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾaʿinnī ʿalā dhikrika, wa-shukrika, wa-ḥusni ʿibādatika» [د].

“O Allah, help me to remember You, thank You, and worship You in the best manner” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِمَا رَزَقْتَنِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيهِ، وَاخْلُفْ عَلَى كُلِّ غَائِبَةٍ لِي بِخَيْرٍ» [مس].

«Allāhumma qanniʿnī bimā razaqtanī, wa-bārik lī fīhi, wa-ukhluf ʿalā kulli ghāʾibatin lī bikhayrin» [مس].

“O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me, bless it for me, and watch over, with goodness, everyone and everything of mine that is out of my sight” [مس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِيشَةً نَقِيَّةً، وَمِيتَةً سَوِيَّةً، وَمَرَدًّا غَيْرَ مُخْزٍ وَلَا فَاضِحٍ»(١) [مس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʿīshatan naqiyyatan, wa-mītatan sawiyyatan, wa-maraddan ghayra mukhzin wa-lā fāḍiḥin»(1) [مس].

“O Allah, I ask You for a pure life, a sound death, and a return that brings neither disgrace nor exposure”(1) [مس].

(١) عِيشَةٌ نَقِيَّةٌ: أَيْ حَيَاةٌ طَيِّبَةٌ خَالِصَةٌ عَنْ شَوَائِبِ الْكَدَرِ.

(1) ʿīshatun naqiyyatun: ʾay ḥayātun ṭayyibatun khāliṣatun ʿan shawāʾibi al-kadari.

(1) “A pure life” means a wholesome life free from anything that disturbs its peace.

مِيتَةٌ سَوِيَّةٌ: أَيْ صَالِحَةٌ مُعْتَدِلَةٌ وَاقِعَةٌ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي يَرْضَاهُ الرَّبُّ سُبْحَانَهُ.

mītatun sawiyyatun: ʾay ṣāliḥatun muʿtadilatun wāqiʿatun ʿalā al-wajhi alladhī yarḍāhu al-rabbu subḥānahu.

“A sound death” means a righteous and balanced death that occurs in the manner pleasing to the Lord, Glorified is He.

مَرَدٌّ غَيْرُ مُخْزٍ: أَيْ رُجُوعًا إِلَيْكَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ خِزْيٌ عَلَيَّ وَلَا فَضِيحَةٌ لِي. وَذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَرَدُّ

maraddun ghayru mukhzin: ʾay rujūʿan ʾilayka laysa fīhi khizyun ʿalayya wa-lā fa-ḍīḥatun lī. wa-dhālika bi-ʾan yakūna al-maraddu

“A return without disgrace” means returning to You without disgrace or exposure. This comes about when the return is

إِلَى الرَّبِّ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى، مَعَ تَوْبَةٍ وَحُسْنِ خَاتِمَةٍ.

ʾilā al-rabbi subḥānahu wa-taʿālā, maʿa tawbatin wa-ḥusni khātimatin.

to the Lord, Glorified and Exalted, together with repentance and a good end.

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«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي ضَعِيفٌ فَقَوِّ فِي رِضَاكَ ضَعْفِي، وَخُذْ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ بِنَاصِيَتِي، وَاجْعَلِ الْإِسْلَامَ مُنْتَهَى رِضَايَ؛ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي ضَعِيفٌ فَقَوِّنِي، وَإِنِّي ذَلِيلٌ فَأَعِزَّنِي، وَإِنِّي فَقِيرٌ فَارْزُقْنِي» [مس، مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ḍaʿīfun fa-qawwi fī riḍāka ḍaʿfī, wa-khudh ʾilā al-khayri bināṣiyatī, wa-ijʿali al-ʾislāma muntahā riḍāya; Allāhumma ʾinnī ḍaʿīfun fa-qawwinī, wa-ʾinnī dhalīlun fa-ʾaʿizzanī, wa-ʾinnī fa-qīrun fa-urzuqnī» [مس، مص].

“O Allah, I am weak, so strengthen my weakness in pursuing Your pleasure. Take me by the forelock toward goodness, and make Islam the fullest extent of my contentment. O Allah, I am weak, so strengthen me; I am lowly, so honor me; and I am poor, so provide for me” [مس، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ الْأَوَّلُ فَلَا شَيْءَ قَبْلَكَ، وَأَنْتَ الْآخِرُ فَلَا شَيْءَ بَعْدَكَ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ نَاصِيَتُهَا بِيَدِكَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ، وَالْكَسَلِ، وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الْفَقْرِ،

«Allāhumma ʾanta al-ʾawwalu fa-lā shayʾa qablaka, wa-ʾanta al-ʾākhiru fa-lā shayʾa baʿdaka, ʾaʿūdhu bika min kulli dābbatin nāṣiyatuhā biyadika, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-ʾithmi, wa-l-kasali, wa-ʿadhābi al-qabri, wa-fitnati al-faqri,

“O Allah, You are the First, and nothing precedes You; You are the Last, and nothing comes after You. I seek refuge in You from every creature whose forelock is in Your hand. I seek refuge in You from sin, laziness, the punishment of the grave, and the trial of poverty;

وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْمَأْثَمِ، وَالْمَغْرَمِ؛ اللَّهُمَّ نَقِّنِي مِنْ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الْأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ؛ اللَّهُمَّ بَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ خَطَايَايَ كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ» [ط، طس].

wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika mina al-maʾthami, wa-l-maghrami; Allāhumma naqqinī min khaṭāyāya kamā naqqayta al-thawba al-ʾabyaḍa mina al-danasi; Allāhumma bāʿid baynī wa-bayna khaṭāyāya kamā bāʿadta bayna al-mashriqi wa-l-maghribi» [ط، طس].

and I seek refuge in You from sin and burdensome debt. O Allah, cleanse me of my sins as You cleanse a white garment of stains. O Allah, distance me from my sins as You have distanced the east from the west” [ط، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، وَخَيْرَ الدُّعَاءِ، وَخَيْرَ النَّجَاحِ، وَخَيْرَ الْعَمَلِ، وَخَيْرَ الثَّوَابِ، وَخَيْرَ الْحَيَاةِ، وَخَيْرَ الْمَمَاتِ، وَثَبِّتْنِي، وَثَقِّلْ مَوَازِينِي، وَحَقِّقْ إِيمَانِي، وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتِي، وَتَقَبَّلْ صَلَاتِي، وَاغْفِرْ خَطِيئَتِي، وَأَسْأَلُكَ الدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، آمِينَ».

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayra al-masʾalati, wa-khayra al-duʿāʾi, wa-khayra al-najāḥi, wa-khayra al-ʿamali, wa-khayra al-thawābi, wa-khayra al-ḥayāti, wa-khayra al-mamāti, wa-thabbitnī, wa-thaqqil mawāzīnī, wa-ḥaqqiq ʾīmānī, wa-irfaʿ darajatī, wa-taqabbal ṣalātī, wa-ighfir khaṭīʾatī, wa-ʾasʾaluka al-darajāti al-ʿulā mina al-jannati, ʾāmīna».

“O Allah, I ask You for the best request, the best supplication, the best success, the best deed, the best reward, the best life, and the best death. Keep me firm, make my scales heavy, make my faith true, raise my rank, accept my prayer, forgive my sin, and grant me the highest ranks of Paradise. Amen.”

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ فَوَاتِحَ الْخَيْرِ، وَخَوَاتِمَهُ، وَجَوَامِعَهُ، وَأَوَّلَهُ، وَآخِرَهُ، وَظَاهِرَهُ، وَبَاطِنَهُ، وَالدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، آمِينَ».

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka fa-wātiḥa al-khayri, wa-khawātimahu, wa-jawāmiʿahu, wa-ʾawwalahu, wa-ʾākhirahu, wa-ẓāhirahu, wa-bāṭinahu, wa-l-darajāti al-ʿulā mina al-jannati, ʾāmīna».

“O Allah, I ask You for the beginnings of good, its endings, its most comprehensive forms, its first and its last, its outward and its inward, and the highest ranks of Paradise. Amen.”

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ مَا آتِي، وَخَيْرَ مَا أَفْعَلُ، وَخَيْرَ مَا أَعْمَلُ، وَخَيْرَ مَا بَطَنَ، وَخَيْرَ مَا ظَهَرَ، وَالدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، آمِينَ».

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka khayra mā ʾātī, wa-khayra mā ʾafʿalu, wa-khayra mā ʾaʿmalu, wa-khayra mā baṭana, wa-khayra mā ẓahara, wa-l-darajāti al-ʿulā mina al-jannati, ʾāmīna».

“O Allah, I ask You for the best of what I undertake, the best of what I do, the best of what I carry out, the best of what is inward, the best of what is outward, and the highest ranks of Paradise. Amen.”

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَرْفَعَ ذِكْرِي، وَتَضَعَ وِزْرِي، وَتُصْلِحَ أَمْرِي، وَتُطَهِّرَ قَلْبِي، وَتُحَصِّنَ فَرْجِي، وَتُنَوِّرَ قَلْبِي، وَتَغْفِرَ لِي ذَنْبِي، وَأَسْأَلُكَ الدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، آمِينَ».

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʾan tarfaʿa dhikrī, wa-taḍaʿa wizrī, wa-tuṣliḥa ʾamrī, wa-tuṭahhira qalbī, wa-tuḥaṣṣina farjī, wa-tunawwira qalbī, wa-taghfira lī dhanbī, wa-ʾasʾaluka al-darajāti al-ʿulā mina al-jannati, ʾāmīna».

“O Allah, I ask You to raise my renown, remove my burden, set my affairs right, purify my heart, guard my chastity, illuminate my heart, forgive my sin, and grant me the highest ranks of Paradise. Amen.”

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تُبَارِكَ لِي فِي سَمْعِي، وَفِي بَصَرِي، وَفِي رُوحِي، وَفِي خَلْقِي، وَفِي خُلُقِي، وَفِي أَهْلِي، وَفِي مَحْيَايَ، وَفِي مَمَاتِي، وَفِي عَمَلِي، وَتَقَبَّلْ حَسَنَاتِي، وَأَسْأَلُكَ الدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ، آمِينَ» [مس، ط، طس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʾan tubārika lī fī samʿī, wa-fī baṣarī, wa-fī rūḥī, wa-fī khalqī, wa-fī khuluqī, wa-fī ʾahlī, wa-fī maḥyāya, wa-fī mamātī, wa-fī ʿamalī, wa-taqabbal ḥasanātī, wa-ʾasʾaluka al-darajāti al-ʿulā mina al-jannati, ʾāmīna» [مس، ط، طس].

“O Allah, I ask You to bless my hearing, my sight, my spirit, my physical form, my character, my family, my life, my death, and my deeds. Accept my good deeds and grant me the highest ranks of Paradise. Amen” [مس، ط، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ أَوْسَعَ رِزْقِكَ عَلَيَّ عِنْدَ كِبَرِ سِنِّي، وَانْقِطَاعِ عُمُرِي» [مس، طس].

«Allāhumma ijʿal ʾawsaʿa rizqika ʿalayya ʿinda kibari sinnī, wa-inqiṭāʿi ʿumurī» [مس، طس].

“O Allah, make Your provision for me most abundant in my old age and as my life draws to its end” [مس، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي، وَخَطَئِي، وَعَمْدِي» [حب].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī dhunūbī, wa-khaṭaʾī, wa-ʿamdī» [حب].

“O Allah, forgive me my sins, my mistakes, and my deliberate wrongdoing” [حب].

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«يَا مَنْ لَا تَرَاهُ الْعُيُونُ(١)، وَلَا تُخَالِطُهُ الظُّنُونُ، وَلَا تَصِفُهُ الْوَاصِفُونَ، وَلَا تُغَيِّرُهُ الْحَوَادِثُ، وَلَا يَخْشَى الدَّوَائِرَ، تَعْلَمُ مَثَاقِيلَ الْجِبَالِ، وَمَكَايِيلَ الْبِحَارِ، وَعَدَدَ قَطْرِ الْأَمْطَارِ، وَعَدَدَ وَرَقِ الْأَشْجَارِ،

«yā man lā tarāhu al-ʿuyūnu(1), wa-lā tukhāliṭuhu al-ẓunūnu, wa-lā taṣifuhu al-wāṣifūna, wa-lā tughayyiruhu al-ḥawādithu, wa-lā yakhshā al-dawāʾira, taʿlamu mathāqīla al-jibāli, wa-makāyīla al-biḥāri, wa-ʿadada qaṭri al-ʾamṭāri, wa-ʿadada waraqi al-ʾashjāri,

“O You whom eyes do not see,(1) whom conjectures cannot encompass, whom describers cannot describe, whom events do not change, and who fears no turns of fortune: You know the weights of mountains, the measures of seas, the number of raindrops, the number of leaves on trees,

وَعَدَدَ مَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ وَأَشْرَقَ عَلَيْهِ النَّهَارُ، وَلَا تُوَارِي مِنْهُ سَمَاءٌ سَمَاءً، وَلَا أَرْضٌ أَرْضًا، وَلَا بَحْرٌ مَا فِي قَعْرِهِ، وَلَا جَبَلٌ مَا فِي وَعْرِهِ، اجْعَلْ خَيْرَ عُمُرِي آخِرَهُ، وَخَيْرَ عَمَلِي خَوَاتِيمَهُ، وَخَيْرَ أَيَّامِي يَوْمَ أَلْقَاكَ فِيهِ» [طس].

wa-ʿadada mā ʾaẓlama ʿalayhi al-laylu wa-ʾashraqa ʿalayhi al-nahāru, wa-lā tuwārī minhu samāʾun samāʾan, wa-lā ʾarḍun ʾarḍan, wa-lā baḥrun mā fī qaʿrihi, wa-lā jabalun mā fī waʿrihi, ijʿal khayra ʿumurī ʾākhirahu, wa-khayra ʿamalī khawātīmahu, wa-khayra ʾayyāmī yawma ʾalqāka fīhi» [طس].

and the number of all things covered by night and illuminated by day. No heaven hides another heaven from You, no earth hides another earth, no sea hides what lies in its depths, and no mountain hides what lies in its rugged interior. Make the last part of my life its best, the endings of my deeds their best, and the day I meet You the best of my days” [طس].

«يَا وَلِيَّ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ، ثَبِّتْنِي بِهِ حَتَّى أَلْقَاكَ» [ط].

«yā waliyya al-ʾislāmi wa-ʾahlihi, thabbitnī bihi ḥattā ʾalqāka» [ط].

“Guardian of Islam and its people, keep me firm upon it until I meet You” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الرِّضَا بِالْقَضَاءِ، وَبَرْدَ الْعَيْشِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَلَذَّةَ النَّظَرِ إِلَى وَجْهِكَ، وَالشَّوْقَ إِلَى لِقَائِكَ، فِي غَيْرِ ضَرَّاءَ مُضِرَّةٍ، وَلَا فِتْنَةٍ مُضِلَّةٍ» [ط، طس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-riḍā bi-l-qaḍāʾi, wa-barda al-ʿayshi baʿda al-mawti, wa-ladhdhata al-naẓari ʾilā wajhika, wa-l-shawqa ʾilā liqāʾika, fī ghayri ḍarrāʾa muḍirratin, wa-lā fitnatin muḍillatin» [ط، طس].

“O Allah, I ask You for contentment with Your decree, the serene delight of life after death, the pleasure of looking upon Your Face, and longing to meet You, without harmful adversity or a trial that leads astray” [ط، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ أَحْسِنْ عَاقِبَتَنَا فِي الْأُمُورِ كُلِّهَا، وَأَجِرْنَا مِنْ خِزْيِ الدُّنْيَا وَعَذَابِ الْآخِرَةِ» [أ، ط].

«Allāhumma ʾaḥsin ʿāqibatanā fī al-ʾumūri kullihā, wa-ʾajirnā min khizyi al-dunyā wa-ʿadhābi al-ʾākhirati» [أ، ط].

“O Allah, grant us a good outcome in every affair, and protect us from disgrace in this world and punishment in the Hereafter” [أ، ط].

مَنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ دُعَاؤُهُ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُ الْبَلَاءُ [ط].

man kāna dhālika duʿāʾuhu māta qabla ʾan yuṣībahu al-balāʾu [ط].

Whoever makes this their supplication will die before the affliction reaches them [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ غِنَايَ وَغِنَى مَوْلَايَ» [أ، ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ghināya wa-ghinā mawlāya» [أ، ط].

“O Allah, I ask You for freedom from need for myself and for those close to me” [أ، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِيشَةً نَقِيَّةً، وَمِيتَةً سَوِيَّةً، وَمَرَدًّا غَيْرَ مُخْزٍ وَلَا فَاضِحٍ» [ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʿīshatan naqiyyatan, wa-mītatan sawiyyatan, wa-maraddan ghayra mukhzin wa-lā fāḍiḥin» [ط].

“O Allah, I ask You for a pure life, a sound death, and a return that brings neither disgrace nor exposure” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَأَدْخِلْنِي الْجَنَّةَ» [ط].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī, wa-irḥamnī, wa-ʾadkhilnī al-jannata» [ط].

“O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, and admit me to Paradise” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لِي فِي دِينِي الَّذِي هُوَ عِصْمَةُ أَمْرِي، وَفِي آخِرَتِي الَّتِي إِلَيْهَا مَصِيرِي، وَفِي دُنْيَايَ الَّتِي فِيهَا بَلَاغِي، وَاجْعَلِ الْحَيَاةَ زِيَادَةً لِي فِي كُلِّ خَيْرٍ، وَاجْعَلِ الْمَوْتَ رَاحَةً لِي مِنْ كُلِّ شَرٍّ» [د].

«Allāhumma bārik lī fī dīnī alladhī huwa ʿiṣmatu ʾamrī, wa-fī ʾākhiratī allatī ʾilayhā maṣīrī, wa-fī dunyāya allatī fīhā balāghī, wa-ijʿali al-ḥayāta ziyādatan lī fī kulli khayrin, wa-ijʿali al-mawta rāḥatan lī min kulli sharrin» [د].

“O Allah, bless my religion, which safeguards all my affairs; my Hereafter, to which I will return; and my worldly life, in which I receive what sustains me. Make life an increase for me in every good, and make death a relief for me from every evil” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي صَبُورًا، وَاجْعَلْنِي شَكُورًا، وَاجْعَلْنِي فِي عَيْنِي صَغِيرًا، وَفِي أَعْيُنِ النَّاسِ كَبِيرًا» [د].

«Allāhumma ijʿalnī ṣabūran, wa-ijʿalnī shakūran, wa-ijʿalnī fī ʿaynī ṣaghīran, wa-fī ʾaʿyuni al-nāsi kabīran» [د].

“O Allah, make me patient and grateful. Make me small in my own eyes and great in the eyes of other people” [د].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَتَرْكَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ، وَحُبَّ الْمَسَاكِينِ، وَأَنْ تَتُوبَ عَلَيَّ، وَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ بِعِبَادِكَ فِتْنَةً أَنْ تَقْبِضَنِي إِلَيْكَ غَيْرَ مَفْتُونٍ» [د].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka al-ṭayyibāti wa-tarka al-munkarāti, wa-ḥubba al-masākīni, wa-ʾan tatūba ʿalayya, wa-ʾin ʾaradta biʿibādika fitnatan ʾan taqbiḍanī ʾilayka ghayra maftūnin» [د].

“O Allah, I ask You for wholesome things, the abandonment of wrong actions, love for the poor, and Your acceptance of my repentance. If You intend a trial for Your servants, take me to You without my being led astray by it” [د].

(١) أَيْ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَأَمَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَقَدْ صَحَّتِ السُّنَّةُ الْمُتَوَاتِرَةُ بِأَنَّ الْعِبَادَ يَرَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ.

(1) ʾay fī al-dunyā, wa-ʾammā fī al-ʾākhirati fa-qad ṣaḥḥati al-sunnatu al-mutawātiratu biʾanna al-ʿibāda yarawna rabbahum.

(1) That is, in this world. As for the Hereafter, mass-transmitted reports of the Sunnah establish that the servants will see their Lord.

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«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ» [ط، طس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʿilman nāfiʿan, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min ʿilmin lā yanfaʿu» [ط، طس].

“O Allah, I ask You for beneficial knowledge, and I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit” [ط، طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَعَمَلًا مُتَقَبَّلًا» [طس].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka ʿilman nāfiʿan, wa-ʿamalan mutaqabbalan» [طس].

“O Allah, I ask You for beneficial knowledge and deeds that are accepted” [طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ ضَعْ فِي أَرْضِنَا بَرَكَتَهَا، وَزِينَتَهَا، وَسَكَنَهَا» [طس].

«Allāhumma ḍaʿ fī ʾarḍinā barakatahā, wa-zīnatahā, wa-sakanahā» [طس].

“O Allah, place in our land its blessing, its beauty, and its tranquility” [طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِأَنَّكَ الْأَوَّلُ فَلَا شَيْءَ قَبْلَكَ، وَالْآخِرُ فَلَا شَيْءَ بَعْدَكَ، وَالظَّاهِرُ فَلَا شَيْءَ فَوْقَكَ، وَالْبَاطِنُ فَلَا شَيْءَ دُونَكَ، أَنْ تَقْضِيَ عَنَّا الدَّيْنَ، وَأَنْ تُغْنِيَنَا مِنَ الْفَقْرِ» [مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka biʾannaka al-ʾawwalu fa-lā shayʾa qablaka, wa-l-ʾākhiru fa-lā shayʾa baʿdaka, wa-l-ẓāhiru fa-lā shayʾa fawqaka, wa-l-bāṭinu fa-lā shayʾa dūnaka, ʾan taqḍiya ʿannā al-dayna, wa-ʾan tughniyanā mina al-faqri» [مص].

“O Allah, I ask You because You are the First and nothing precedes You; the Last and nothing comes after You; the Manifest and nothing is above You; and the Hidden and nothing is beyond You: settle our debts and free us from poverty” [مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَهْدِيكَ لِأَرْشَدِ أَمْرِي، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ نَفْسِي» [حب].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾastahdīka li-ʾarshadi ʾamrī, wa-ʾaʿūdhu bika min sharri nafsī» [حب].

“O Allah, I ask You to guide me to the soundest course in my affairs, and I seek refuge in You from the evil of my own soul” [حب].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ لِذَنْبِي، وَأَسْتَهْدِيكَ لِمَرَاشِدِ أَمْرِي، وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ، فَتُبْ عَلَيَّ، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ رَبِّي؛ اللَّهُمَّ فَاجْعَلْ رَغْبَتِي إِلَيْكَ وَاجْعَلْ غِنَايَ فِي صَدْرِي، وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيمَا رَزَقْتَنِي، وَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ رَبِّي» [مص].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾastaghfiruka lidhanbī, wa-ʾastahdīka limarāshidi ʾamrī, wa-ʾatūbu ʾilayka, fa-tub ʿalayya, ʾinnaka ʾanta rabbī; Allāhumma fa-ijʿal raghbatī ʾilayka wa-ijʿal ghināya fī ṣadrī, wa-bārik lī fīmā razaqtanī, wa-taqabbal minnī ʾinnaka ʾanta rabbī» [مص].

“O Allah, I ask Your forgiveness for my sin, ask You to guide me to the sound courses of my affairs, and turn to You in repentance, so accept my repentance. You are my Lord. O Allah, make my desire turn toward You, place my sufficiency within my heart, bless what You have provided me, and accept from me. You are my Lord” [مص].

«يَا مَنْ أَظْهَرَ الْجَمِيلَ، وَسَتَرَ الْقَبِيحَ، يَا مَنْ لَا يُؤَاخِذُ بِالْجَرِيرَةِ(١)، وَلَا يَهْتِكُ السِّتْرَ(٢)، يَا عَظِيمَ الْعَفْوِ، يَا حَسَنَ التَّجَاوُزِ، يَا وَاسِعَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ، يَا بَاسِطَ الْيَدَيْنِ بِالرَّحْمَةِ، يَا صَاحِبَ كُلِّ نَجْوَى(٣)،

«yā man ʾaẓhara al-jamīla, wa-satara al-qabīḥa, yā man lā yuʾākhidhu bi-l-jarīrati(1), wa-lā yahtiku al-sitra(2), yā ʿaẓīma al-ʿafwi, yā ḥasana al-tajāwuzi, yā wāsiʿa al-maghfirati, yā bāsiṭa al-yadayni bi-l-raḥmati, yā ṣāḥiba kulli najwā(3),

“O You who reveal what is beautiful and conceal what is ugly; O You who do not take one to account for a sin,(1) and do not tear away the veil of concealment;(2) O Possessor of immense pardon and gracious forbearance; O You whose forgiveness is vast; O You who extend both hands in mercy; O Witness to every secret conversation;(3)

يَا مُنْتَهَى كُلِّ شَكْوَى، يَا كَرِيمَ الصَّفْحِ، يَا عَظِيمَ الْمَنِّ، يَا مُبْتَدِئَ النِّعَمِ قَبْلَ اسْتِحْقَاقِهَا، يَا رَبَّنَا، وَيَا سَيِّدَنَا، وَيَا مَوْلَانَا، وَيَا غَايَةَ رَغْبَتِنَا، أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ، أَلَّا تَشْوِيَ خَلْقِي بِالنَّارِ» [مس].

yā muntahā kulli shakwā, yā karīma al-ṣafḥi, yā ʿaẓīma al-manni, yā mubtadiʾa al-niʿami qabla istiḥqāqihā, yā rabbanā, wa-yā sayyidanā, wa-yā mawlānā, wa-yā ghāyata raghbatinā, ʾasʾaluka yā Allāhu, ʾallā tashwiya khalqī bi-l-nāri» [مس].

O final destination of every complaint; O generous in pardon; O Possessor of immense favor; O Originator of blessings before they are deserved; our Lord, our Master, our Patron, and the ultimate object of our longing: I ask You, O Allah, not to scorch my body in the Fire” [مس].

«تَمَّ نُورُكَ فَهَدَيْتَ، فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، عَظُمَ حِلْمُكَ فَعَفَوْتَ، فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، بَسَطْتَ يَدَكَ فَأَعْطَيْتَ، فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ، رَبَّنَا وَجْهُكَ أَكْرَمُ الْوُجُوهِ، وَجَاهُكَ أَعْظَمُ الْجَاهِ،

«tamma nūruka fa-hadayta, fa-laka al-ḥamdu, ʿaẓuma ḥilmuka fa-ʿafawta, fa-laka al-ḥamdu, basaṭta yadaka fa-ʾaʿṭayta, fa-laka al-ḥamdu, rabbanā wajhuka ʾakramu al-wujūhi, wa-jāhuka ʾaʿẓamu al-jāhi,

“Your light is complete, so You guide; all praise is Yours. Your forbearance is immense, so You pardon; all praise is Yours. You extend Your hand and give; all praise is Yours. Our Lord, Your Face is the noblest of all faces, and Your standing is the greatest of all standing,

وَعَطِيَّتُكَ أَفْضَلُ الْعَطِيَّةِ، وَأَهْنَؤُهَا، تُطَاعُ رَبَّنَا فَتَشْكُرُ، وَتُعْصَى رَبَّنَا فَتَغْفِرُ(٤)، وَتُجِيبُ الْمُضْطَرَّ، وَتَكْشِفُ الضُّرَّ، وَتَشْفِي السَّقِيمَ، وَتَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ، وَتَقْبَلُ

wa-ʿaṭiyyatuka ʾafḍalu al-ʿaṭiyyati, wa-ʾahnaʾuhā, tuṭāʿu rabbanā fa-tashkuru, wa-tuʿṣā rabbanā fa-taghfiru(4), wa-tujību al-muḍṭarra, wa-takshifu al-ḍurra, wa-tashfī al-saqīma, wa-taghfiru al-dhanba, wa-taqbalu

and Your gift the finest and most wholesome of gifts. You are obeyed, our Lord, and You show appreciation; You are disobeyed, our Lord, and You forgive.(4) You answer the distressed, remove harm, heal the sick, forgive sin, and accept

(١) الذَّنْبُ الْكَائِنُ بِسَبَبٍ مِنَ الْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي يُتَسَبَّبُ بِهَا إِلَى الذُّنُوبِ.

(1) al-dhanbu al-kāʾinu bisababin mina al-ʾasbābi allatī yutasabbabu bihā ʾilā al-dhunūbi.

(1) An offense is a sin arising from one of the causes through which sins are committed.

(٢) أَيْ لَا يَفْضَحُ الْعَبْدَ بِمَا يَجْرِي مِنْهُ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ بَلْ يَسْتُرُ عَلَيْهِ.

(2) ʾay lā yafḍaḥu al-ʿabda bimā yajrī minhu mina al-dhunūbi bal yasturu ʿalayhi.

(2) That is, He does not expose a servant because of the sins the servant commits, but instead conceals them.

(٣) أَيْ يَا مَنْ إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ مُنَاجَاةِ الْعِبَادِ وَطَلَبَاتِهِمْ فَلَا خَيْرَ إِلَّا مِنْهُ وَلَا نَجْوَى نَافِعَةَ إِلَّا إِلَيْهِ.

(3) ʾay yā man ʾilayhi kullu munājāti al-ʿibādi wa-ṭalabātihim fa-lā khayra ʾillā minhu wa-lā najwā nāfiʿata ʾillā ʾilayhi.

(3) That is, O You to whom all the servants' intimate prayers and requests are directed. No good comes except from Him, and no private appeal brings benefit unless directed to Him.

(٤) أَيْ يُطِيعُكَ الْمُطِيعُ فَتَشْكُرُهُ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ، وَيَعْصِيكَ الْعَاصِي فَتَغْفِرُ لَهُ مَعْصِيَتَهُ، وَهَذَا غَايَةُ الْكَرَمِ وَأَعْظَمُ الْجُودِ.

(4) ʾay yuṭīʿuka al-muṭīʿu fa-tashkuruhu ʿalā ṭāʿatihi, wa-yaʿṣīka al-ʿāṣī fa-taghfiru lahu maʿṣiyatahu, wa-hādhā ghāyatu al-karami wa-ʾaʿẓamu al-jūdi.

(4) That is, an obedient person obeys You and You reward them for their obedience, while a sinner disobeys You and You forgive their disobedience. This is the utmost generosity and the greatest bounty.

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التَّوْبَةَ، وَلَا يَجْزِي بِآلَائِكَ(١) أَحَدٌ، وَلَا يَبْلُغُ مِدْحَتَكَ قَوْلُ قَائِلٍ» [ص، مو، مص].

al-tawbata, wa-lā yajzī biʾālāʾika(1) ʾaḥadun, wa-lā yablughu midḥataka qawlu qāʾilin» [ص، مو، مص].

repentance. No one can adequately repay You for Your blessings,(1) and no speaker's words can reach the full extent of Your praise” [ص، مو، مص].

«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ وَرَحْمَتِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَمْلِكُهَا إِلَّا أَنْتَ» [ط].

«Allāhumma ʾinnī ʾasʾaluka min faḍlika wa-raḥmatika, fa-ʾinnahu lā yamlikuhā ʾillā ʾanta» [ط].

“O Allah, I ask You for Your bounty and mercy, for no one possesses them except You” [ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا أَخْطَأْتُ وَمَا تَعَمَّدْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا جَهِلْتُ وَمَا عَلِمْتُ» [أ، ر، ط].

«Allāhumma ighfir lī mā ʾakhṭaʾtu wa-mā taʿammadtu, wa-mā ʾasrartu wa-mā ʾaʿlantu, wa-mā jahiltu wa-mā ʿalimtu» [أ، ر، ط].

“O Allah, forgive what I have done by mistake and deliberately, what I have hidden and what I have made public, and what I have done in ignorance and knowingly” [أ، ر، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَظُلْمَنَا، وَهَزْلَنَا وَجِدَّنَا، وَخَطَأَنَا وَعَمْدَنَا، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا» [أ، ط].

«Allāhumma ighfir lanā dhunūbanā wa-ẓulmanā, wa-hazlanā wa-jiddanā, wa-khaṭaʾanā wa-ʿamdanā, wa-kullu dhālika ʿindanā» [أ، ط].

“O Allah, forgive us our sins and wrongdoing, what we have done in jest and in earnest, by mistake and deliberately—all of that is within us” [أ، ط].

«اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ خَطَئِي وَعَمْدِي، وَهَزْلِي، وَجِدِّي، وَلَا تَحْرِمْنِي بَرَكَةَ مَا أَعْطَيْتَنِي، وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي فِيمَا أَحْرَمْتَنِي» [طس].

«Allāhumma ighfir khaṭaʾī wa-ʿamdī, wa-hazlī, wa-jiddī, wa-lā taḥrimnī barakata mā ʾaʿṭaytanī, wa-lā taftinnī fīmā ʾaḥramtanī» [طس].

“O Allah, forgive what I have done by mistake and deliberately, in jest and in earnest. Do not deprive me of the blessing of what You have given me, and do not put me to trial through what You have withheld from me” [طس].

«اللَّهُمَّ حَسَّنْتَ خَلْقِي فَأَحْسِنْ (فَحَسِّنْ [ص]) خُلُقِي» [أ، ص].

«Allāhumma ḥassanta khalqī fa-ʾaḥsin (fa-ḥassin [ص]) khuluqī» [أ، ص].

“O Allah, You have made my physical form beautiful, so make (so beautify [ص]) my character beautiful” [أ، ص].

«رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ، وَاهْدِنِي السَّبِيلَ الْأَقْوَمَ» [أ، ص].

«rabbi ighfir wa-irḥam, wa-ihdinī al-sabīla al-ʾaqwama» [أ، ص].

“My Lord, forgive and have mercy, and guide me to the straightest path” [أ، ص].

«سَلُوا اللَّهَ الْعَفْوَ وَالْعَافِيَةَ؛ فَإِنَّ أَحَدًا لَمْ يُعْطَ بَعْدَ الْيَقِينِ خَيْرًا مِنَ الْعَافِيَةِ» [ت، س، ق، حب، مس، أ].

«salū Allāha al-ʿafwa wa-l-ʿāfiyata; fa-ʾinna ʾaḥadan lam yuʿṭa baʿda al-yaqīni khayran mina al-ʿāfiyati» [ت، س، ق، حب، مس، أ].

“Ask Allah for pardon and well-being, for no one has been given anything better after certainty of faith than well-being” [ت، س، ق، حب، مس، أ].

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، عَلِّمْنِي شَيْئًا أَدْعُو اللَّهَ بِهِ. فَقَالَ: «سَلْ رَبَّكَ الْعَافِيَةَ». فَمَكَثْتُ أَيَّامًا، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، عَلِّمْنِي شَيْئًا أَسْأَلُهُ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. فَقَالَ: «يَا عَمِّ، سَلِ اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ» [ط].

yā rasūla Allāhi, ʿallimnī shayʾan ʾadʿū Allāha bihi. fa-qāla: «sal rabbaka al-ʿāfiyata». fa-makathtu ʾayyāman, thumma jiʾtu, fa-qultu: yā rasūla Allāhi, ʿallimnī shayʾan ʾasʾaluhu rabbī ʿazza wa-jalla. fa-qāla: «yā ʿammi, sali Allāha al-ʿāfiyata fī al-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati» [ط].

I said, “Messenger of Allah, teach me something with which I can pray to Allah.” He said, “Ask your Lord for well-being.” I waited several days, then returned and said, “Messenger of Allah, teach me something to ask my Lord, Mighty and Majestic.” He said, “My uncle, ask Allah for well-being in this world and the Hereafter” [ط].

«يَا عَمِّ، أَكْثِرِ الدُّعَاءَ بِالْعَافِيَةِ» [ط].

«yā ʿammi, ʾakthiri al-duʿāʾa bi-l-ʿāfiyati» [ط].

“My uncle, pray frequently for well-being” [ط].

«مَا سَأَلَ الْعِبَادُ شَيْئًا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لَهُمْ، وَيُعَافِيَهُمْ» [د].

«mā saʾala al-ʿibādu shayʾan ʾafḍala min ʾan yughfara lahum, wa-yuʿāfiyahum» [د].

“The servants have asked for nothing better than to be forgiven and granted well-being” [د].

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلَا تُعَلِّمُنِي دَعْوَةً أَدْعُو بِهَا لِنَفْسِي؟ قَالَ: «بَلَى، قُولِي: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدٍ اغْفِرْ لِي ذَنْبِي، وَأَذْهِبْ غَيْظَ قَلْبِي، وَأَجِرْنِي مِنْ مُضِلَّاتِ الْفِتَنِ مَا أَحْيَيْتَنَا» [أ].

yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾalā tuʿallimunī daʿwatan ʾadʿū bihā linafsī? qāla: «balā, qūlī: Allāhumma rabba al-nabiyyi muḥammadin ighfir lī dhanbī, wa-ʾadhhib ghayẓa qalbī, wa-ʾajirnī min muḍillāti al-fitani mā ʾaḥyaytanā» [أ].

I said, “Messenger of Allah, will you not teach me a supplication with which I may pray for myself?” He replied, “Yes. Say: O Allah, Lord of the Prophet Muhammad, forgive my sin, remove the anger from my heart, and protect me from trials that lead astray for as long as You keep us alive” [أ].

«لَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ: اللَّهُمَّ لَقِّنِّي حُجَّتِي. فَإِنَّ الْكَافِرَ يُلَقَّنُ حُجَّتَهُ، وَلَكِنْ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ لَقِّنِّي حُجَّةَ الْإِيمَانِ عِنْدَ الْمَمَاتِ» [ط].

«lā yaqūlanna ʾaḥadukum: Allāhumma laqqinnī ḥujjatī. fa-ʾinna al-kāfira yulaqqanu ḥujjatahu, wa-lākin yaqūlu: Allāhumma laqqinnī ḥujjata al-ʾīmāni ʿinda al-mamāti» [ط].

“None of you should say, ‘O Allah, prompt me with my argument,’ for the disbeliever is prompted with his argument. Instead say, ‘O Allah, prompt me with the proof of faith at the time of death’” [ط].

(١) أَيْ نِعَمَكَ.

(1) ʾay niʿamaka.

(1) That is, Your blessings.

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فَضْلُ الصَّلَاةِ وَالسَّلَامِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ أَفْضَلُ الصَّلَاةِ وَالسَّلَامِ

faḍlu al-ṣalāti wa-l-salāmi ʿalā al-nabiyyi ʿalayhi ʾafḍalu al-ṣalāti wa-l-salāmi

THE MERIT OF INVOKING BLESSINGS AND PEACE UPON THE PROPHET—MAY THE FINEST BLESSINGS AND PEACE BE UPON HIM

«مَا جَلَسَ قَوْمٌ مَجْلِسًا لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُصَلُّوا عَلَى نَبِيِّهِمْ، إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَسْرَةٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَإِنْ دَخَلُوا الْجَنَّةَ لِلثَّوَابِ» [حب، أ، د، ت، س، مص].

«mā jalasa qawmun majlisan lam yadhkurū Allāha fīhi, wa-lam yuṣallū ʿalā nabiyyihim, ʾillā kāna ʿalayhim ḥasratun yawma al-qiyāmati, wa-ʾin dakhalū al-jannata li-l-thawābi» [حب، أ، د، ت، س، مص].

“Whenever people sit in a gathering without remembering Allah or invoking blessings upon their Prophet, it will be a source of regret for them on the Day of Resurrection—even if they enter Paradise—because of the reward they missed” [حب، أ، د، ت، س، مص].

«أَكْثِرُوا عَلَيَّ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ؛ فَإِنَّ صَلَاتَكُمْ مَعْرُوضَةٌ عَلَيَّ» [د، س، ق، حب].

«ʾakthirū ʿalayya mina al-ṣalāti yawma al-jumuʿati; fa-ʾinna ṣalātakum maʿrūḍatun ʿalayya» [د، س، ق، حب].

“Invoke blessings upon me frequently on Friday, for your invocations of blessing are presented to me” [د، س، ق، حب].

«لَيْسَ يُصَلِّي عَلَيَّ أَحَدٌ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَّا عُرِضَتْ عَلَيَّ صَلَاتُهُ» [مس].

«laysa yuṣallī ʿalayya ʾaḥadun yawma al-jumuʿati ʾillā ʿuriḍat ʿalayya ṣalātuhu» [مس].

“No one invokes blessings upon me on Friday without that invocation being presented to me” [مس].

«مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيَّ إِلَّا رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ رُوحِي حَتَّى أَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ» [د].

«mā min ʾaḥadin yusallimu ʿalayya ʾillā radda Allāhu ʿalayya rūḥī ḥattā ʾarudda ʿalayhi al-salāma» [د].

“No one sends greetings of peace to me without Allah restoring my spirit to me so that I can return that person's greeting” [د].

«أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَكْثَرُهُمْ عَلَيَّ صَلَاةً» [ق، ت، حب].

«ʾawlā al-nāsi bī yawma al-qiyāmati ʾaktharuhum ʿalayya ṣalātan» [ق، ت، حب].

“The people closest to me on the Day of Resurrection will be those who most often invoked blessings upon me” [ق، ت، حب].

«الْبَخِيلُ مَنْ ذُكِرْتُ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ» [ت، س، حب، مس].

«al-bakhīlu man dhukirtu ʿindahu fa-lam yuṣalli ʿalayya» [ت، س، حب، مس].

“The stingy person is one in whose presence I am mentioned but who does not invoke blessings upon me” [ت، س، حب، مس].

«أَكْثِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيَّ؛ فَإِنَّهَا زَكَاةٌ لَكُمْ» [ص].

«ʾakthirū al-ṣalāta ʿalayya; fa-ʾinnahā zakātun lakum» [ص].

“Invoke blessings upon me frequently, for doing so is a purification and increase for you” [ص].

«رَغِمَ أَنْفُ(١) رَجُلٍ ذُكِرْتُ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ» [مر، ر، ط].

«raghima ʾanfu(1) rajulin dhukirtu ʿindahu fa-lam yuṣalli ʿalayya» [مر، ر، ط].

“May the nose(1) of a man in whose presence I am mentioned, yet who does not invoke blessings upon me, be rubbed in the dust” [مر، ر، ط].

«مَنْ ذُكِرْتُ عِنْدَهُ فَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ» [س، طس، عو، ي]، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيَّ وَاحِدَةً، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرًا [ي].

«man dhukirtu ʿindahu fa-lyuṣalli ʿalayya» [س، طس، عو، ي], fa-ʾinnahu man ṣallā ʿalayya wāḥidatan, ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi ʿashran [ي].

“When I am mentioned in someone's presence, let that person invoke blessings upon me” [س، طس، عو، ي], for whoever invokes one blessing upon me, Allah will bless that person ten times [ي].

«مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَيَّ» [ص].

«man dhakaranī fa-lyuṣalli ʿalayya» [ص].

“Whoever mentions me should invoke blessings upon me” [ص].

«إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَائِكَةً سَيَّاحِينَ(٢)، يُبَلِّغُونِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي السَّلَامَ» [س، حب، مس].

«ʾinna li-llāhi malāʾikatan sayyāḥīna(2), yuballighūnī ʿan ʾummatī al-salāma» [س، حب، مس].

“Allah has angels who travel throughout the earth,(2) conveying to me the greetings of peace from my community” [س، حب، مس].

(١) رَغِمَ أَيْ لَصِقَ أَنْفُهُ بِالتُّرَابِ، وَالرَّغَامُ هُوَ التُّرَابُ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ: هُوَ بِفَتْحِ الْغَيْنِ، وَمَعْنَاهُ ذُلٌّ.

(1) raghima ʾay laṣiqa ʾanfuhu bi-l-turābi, wa-l-raghāmu huwa al-turābu, wa-qāla ibnu al-ʾaʿrābiyyi: huwa bifatḥi al-ghayni, wa-maʿnāhu dhullun.

(1) Ragima means that his nose adhered to the dust; ragham means dust. Ibn al-Aʿrabi said that the ghayn is pronounced with a fathah, and the expression means humiliation.

(٢) مِنَ السِّيَاحَةِ، وَهُوَ السَّيْرُ.

(2) mina al-siyāḥati, wa-huwa al-sayru.

(2) From siyahah, meaning travel.

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«إِنِّي لَقِيتُ جِبْرِيلَ، فَبَشَّرَنِي وَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقُولُ: مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيْكَ صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ، وَمَنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكَ سَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ. فَسَجَدْتُ لِلَّهِ شُكْرًا» [مس، أ].

«ʾinnī laqītu jibrīla, fa-bashsharanī wa-qāla: ʾinna rabbaka yaqūlu: man ṣallā ʿalayka ṣallaytu ʿalayhi, wa-man sallama ʿalayka sallamtu ʿalayhi. fa-sajadtu li-llāhi shukran» [مس، أ].

“I met Gabriel, and he gave me glad news, saying, ‘Your Lord says: Whoever invokes blessings upon you, I bless him; and whoever sends peace upon you, I grant him peace.’ So I prostrated to Allah in gratitude” [مس، أ].

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَجْعَلُ لَكَ صَلَاتِي كُلَّهَا؟ قَالَ: «إِذًا تُكْفَى هَمَّكَ، وَيُغْفَرُ ذَنْبُكَ...» الْحَدِيثَ [ت، مس، أ].

yā rasūla Allāhi, ʾajʿalu laka ṣalātī kullahā? qāla: «ʾidhan tukfā hammaka, wa-yughfaru dhanbuka...» al-ḥadītha [ت، مس، أ].

A man asked, “Messenger of Allah, should I devote all of my supplication to invoking blessings upon you?” He replied, “Then you will be freed from your worries and your sin will be forgiven...” to the end of the hadith [ت، مس، أ].

«مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيَّ وَاحِدَةً صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرًا» [م، ت، س، ط].

«man ṣallā ʿalayya wāḥidatan ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi ʿashran» [م، ت، س، ط].

“Whoever invokes one blessing upon me, Allah will bless that person ten times” [م، ت، س، ط].

جَاءَ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَالْبِشْرُ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ جَاءَنِي جِبْرِيلُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقُولُ: أَمَا يُرْضِيكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ إِلَّا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرًا؟ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْكَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِكَ إِلَّا سَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرًا؟» [س، حب، مس، مص، ي].

jāʾa ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam dhāta yawmin wa-l-bishru fī wajhihi, fa-qāla: «ʾinnahu jāʾanī jibrīlu, fa-qāla: ʾinna rabbaka yaqūlu: ʾamā yurḍīka yā muḥammadu ʾannahu lā yuṣallī ʿalayka ʾaḥadun min ʾummatika ʾillā ṣallaytu ʿalayhi ʿashran? wa-lā yusallimu ʿalayka ʾaḥadun min ʾummatika ʾillā sallamtu ʿalayhi ʿashran?» [س، حب، مس، مص، ي].

He (peace and blessings be upon him) came one day with gladness on his face and said, “Gabriel came to me and said, ‘Your Lord says: Does it not please you, Muhammad, that whenever anyone from your community invokes one blessing upon you, I bless that person ten times; and whenever anyone from your community sends one greeting of peace upon you, I grant that person peace ten times?’” [س، حب، مس، مص، ي].

«مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيَّ وَاحِدَةً صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرَ صَلَوَاتٍ، وَحُطَّتْ عَنْهُ عَشْرُ خَطِيئَاتٍ، وَرُفِعَتْ لَهُ عَشْرُ دَرَجَاتٍ» [س، حب، مس، ر، ط]، وَكُتِبَ لَهُ بِهَا عَشْرُ حَسَنَاتٍ [س، ط].

«man ṣallā ʿalayya wāḥidatan ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi ʿashra ṣalawātin, wa-ḥuṭṭat ʿanhu ʿashru khaṭīʾātin, wa-rufiʿat lahu ʿashru darajātin» [س، حب، مس، ر، ط], wa-kutiba lahu bihā ʿashru ḥasanātin [س، ط].

“Whoever invokes one blessing upon me, Allah will bless that person ten times, erase ten sins from their record, and raise them ten degrees” [س، حب، مس، ر، ط]; and ten good deeds will be recorded for them because of it [س، ط].

مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَاحِدَةً، صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ سَبْعِينَ صَلَاةً [أ].

man ṣallā ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wāḥidatan, ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-malāʾikatuhu sabʿīna ṣalātan [أ].

Whoever invokes one blessing upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah and His angels will bless that person seventy times [أ].

وَكَيْفَ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْهِ ﷺ تَقَدَّمَ.

wa-kayfa al-ṣalātu wa-l-salāmu ʿalayhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam taqaddama.

The manner of invoking blessings and peace upon him (peace and blessings be upon him) was given earlier.

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: كُلُّ دُعَاءٍ مَحْجُوبٌ حَتَّى يُصَلَّى عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ [طس].

qāla ʿaliyyun raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu: kullu duʿāʾin maḥjūbun ḥattā yuṣallā ʿalā muḥammadin ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam wa-ʾāli muḥammadin [طس].

ʿAli, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Every supplication is veiled until blessings are invoked upon Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and the family of Muhammad [طس].

وَعَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: إِنَّ الدُّعَاءَ مَوْقُوفٌ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، لَا يَصْعَدُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ حَتَّى تُصَلِّيَ عَلَى نَبِيِّكَ [ت].

wa-ʿan ʿumara raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu: ʾinna al-duʿāʾa mawqūfun bayna al-samāʾi wa-l-ʾarḍi, lā yaṣʿadu minhu shayʾun ḥattā tuṣalliya ʿalā nabiyyika [ت].

ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Supplication remains suspended between heaven and earth; none of it ascends until you invoke blessings upon your Prophet [ت].

وَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الدَّارَانِيُّ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ: إِذَا سَأَلْتَ اللَّهَ حَاجَةً فَابْدَأْهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ ادْعُ بِمَا شِئْتَ، ثُمَّ اخْتِمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ ﷺ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ بِكَرَمِهِ يَقْبَلُ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ أَكْرَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَدَعَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا.

wa-qāla al-shaykhu ʾabū sulaymāna al-dārāniyyu raḥmatu Allāhi ʿalayhi: ʾidhā saʾalta Allāha ḥājatan fa-ibdaʾhu bi-l-ṣalāti ʿalā al-nabiyyi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, thumma udʿu bimā shiʾta, thumma ikhtim bi-l-ṣalāti ʿalayhi ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, fa-ʾinna Allāha subḥānahu bikaramihi yaqbalu al-ṣalātayni, wa-huwa ʾakramu min ʾan yadaʿa mā baynahumā.

Shaykh Abu Sulayman al-Darani, may Allah have mercy on him, said: When you ask Allah for something, begin by invoking blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Then pray for whatever you wish, and conclude by invoking blessings upon him (peace and blessings be upon him). In His generosity, Allah, Glorified is He, accepts the two invocations of blessing, and He is too generous to leave unanswered what lies between them.

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ؛ اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ؛ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَيْهِ كُلَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ

Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin, kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma wa-ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun; Allāhumma bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʿalā ʾāli muḥammadin kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾibrāhīma wa-ʿalā ʾāli ʾibrāhīma, ʾinnaka ḥamīdun majīdun; Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalayhi kullamā dhakarahu

O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You blessed Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O Allah, bestow grace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You bestowed grace upon Abraham and the family of Abraham. You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O Allah, bless him whenever he is remembered by

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الذَّاكِرُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَيْهِ كُلَّمَا غَفَلَ عَنْ ذِكْرِهِ الْغَافِلُونَ، وَسَلِّمْ تَسْلِيمًا كَثِيرًا.

al-dhākirūna, Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalayhi kullamā ghafala ʿan dhikrihi al-ghāfilūna, wa-sallim taslīman kathīran.

those who remember. O Allah, bless him whenever those who are heedless fail to remember him, and grant him abundant peace.

اللَّهُمَّ بِحَقِّهِ عِنْدَكَ، ارْفَعْ عَنِ الْخَلْقِ مَا نَزَلَ بِهِمْ، وَلَا تُسَلِّطْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمُهُمْ، فَقَدْ حَلَّ بِهِمْ مَا لَا يَرْفَعُهُ غَيْرُكَ، وَلَا يَدْفَعُهُ سِوَاكَ، اللَّهُمَّ فَرِّجْ عَنَّا يَا كَرِيمُ، يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ.

Allāhumma biḥaqqihi ʿindaka, irfaʿ ʿani al-khalqi mā nazala bihim, wa-lā tusalliṭ ʿalayhim man lā yarḥamuhum, fa-qad ḥalla bihim mā lā yarfaʿuhu ghayruka, wa-lā yadfaʿuhu siwāka, Allāhumma farrij ʿannā yā karīmu, yā ʾarḥama al-rāḥimīna.

O Allah, by the standing he has with You, lift from Your creation the affliction that has befallen them, and do not place them under the power of anyone who will not show them mercy. Something has descended upon them that none but You can lift and none besides You can repel. O Allah, grant us relief, Generous One, Most Merciful of those who show mercy.

قَالَ مُؤَلِّفُهُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَمَتَّعَنَا وَسَائِرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِطُولِ حَيَاتِهِ:

qāla muʾallifuhu raḍiya Allāhu ʿanhu wa-mattaʿanā wa-sāʾira al-muslimīna biṭūli ḥayātihi:

The author, may Allah be pleased with him and grant him—and all Muslims—the benefit of a long life, said:

فَرَغْتُ مِنْ تَرْصِيفِ هَذَا «الْحِصْنِ الْحَصِينِ مِنْ كَلَامِ سَيِّدِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ» يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ، الثَّانِيَ وَالْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ ذِي حِجَّةِ الْحَرَامِ،

faraghtu min tarṣīfi hādhā «al-ḥiṣni al-ḥaṣīni min kalāmi sayyidi al-mursalīna» yawma al-ʾaḥadi baʿda al-ẓuhri, al-thāniya wa-l-ʿishrīna min dhī ḥijjati al-ḥarāmi,

I completed the arrangement of this “Impregnable Fortress from the Words of the Master of the Messengers” on Sunday after noon, the twenty-second of the sacred month of Dhu al-Hijjah,

سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ وَسَبْعِ مِائَةٍ، بِالْمَدْرَسَةِ الَّتِي أَنْشَأْتُهَا بِرَأْسِ عَقَبَةِ الْكَتَّانِ دَاخِلَ دِمَشْقَ الْمَحْرُوسَةِ حَمَاهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنَ الْآفَاتِ، وَسَائِرَ بِلَادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

sanata ʾiḥdā wa-tisʿīna wa-sabʿi miʾatin, bi-l-madrasati allatī ʾanshaʾtuhā biraʾsi ʿaqabati al-kattāni dākhila dimashqa al-maḥrūsati ḥamāhā Allāhu taʿālā mina al-ʾāfāti, wa-sāʾira bilādi al-muslimīna.

in the year 791 AH, at the school I established at the top of ʿAqabat al-Kattan, within the well-protected city of Damascus. May Allah Most High guard it and all Muslim lands from calamities.

هَذَا وَجَمِيعُ أَبْوَابِ دِمَشْقَ مُغْلَقَةٌ، بَلْ مُشَيَّدَةٌ بِالْأَحْجَارِ، وَالْخَلَائِقُ يَسْتَغِيثُونَ عَلَى الْأَسْوَارِ، وَالنَّاسُ فِي جَهْدٍ عَظِيمٍ مِنَ الْحِصَارِ، وَالْمِيَاهُ مَقْطُوعَةٌ، وَالْأَيْدِي إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالتَّضَرُّعِ مَرْفُوعَةٌ،

hādhā wa-jamīʿu ʾabwābi dimashqa mughlaqatun, bal mushayyadatun bi-l-ʾaḥjāri, wa-l-khalāʾiqu yastaghīthūna ʿalā al-ʾaswāri, wa-l-nāsu fī jahdin ʿaẓīmin mina al-ḥiṣāri, wa-l-miyāhu maqṭūʿatun, wa-l-ʾaydī ʾilā Allāhi taʿālā bi-l-taḍarruʿi marfūʿatun,

At this time, every gate of Damascus is closed—indeed, barricaded with stones. People are crying out for help upon the walls, and all are suffering severely under the siege. The water has been cut off, while hands are raised to Allah Most High in humble pleading.

وَقَدْ أَحْرَقَ ظَوَاهِرَ الْبَلَدِ، وَنَهَبَ أَكْثَرَهُ، وَكُلُّ أَحَدٍ خَائِفٌ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ، وَجِلٌ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ، وَسُوءِ أَعْمَالِهِ، وَقَدْ تَحَصَّنَ بِمَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ، فَجَعَلْتُ هَذَا حِصْنِي، وَتَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ حَسْبِي وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ.

wa-qad ʾaḥraqa ẓawāhira al-baladi, wa-nahaba ʾaktharahu, wa-kullu ʾaḥadin khāʾifun ʿalā nafsihi wa-mālihi wa-ʾahlihi, wajilun min dhunūbihi, wa-sūʾi ʾaʿmālihi, wa-qad taḥaṣṣana bimā yaqdiru ʿalayhi, fa-jaʿaltu hādhā ḥiṣnī, wa-tawakkaltu ʿalā Allāhi, wa-huwa ḥasbī wa-niʿma al-wakīlu.

The enemy has burned the city's outskirts and plundered most of the surrounding area. Everyone fears for their life, property, and family, and trembles because of their sins and bad deeds. Each person has fortified themselves as best they can. I have therefore made this my fortress and put my trust in Allah. He is sufficient for me, and He is the best One to entrust with all affairs.

وَقَدْ أَجَزْتُ أَوْلَادِي: أَبَا الْفَتْحِ مُحَمَّدًا، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدَ وَأَبَا الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيًّا، وَأَبَا الْخَيْرِ مُحَمَّدًا، وَفَاطِمَةَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَسَلْمَى، وَخَدِيجَةَ، رِوَايَتَهُ عَنِّي، مَعَ جَمِيعِ مَا يَجُوزُ لِي رِوَايَتُهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَجَزْتُ أَهْلَ عَصْرِي.

wa-qad ʾajaztu ʾawlādī: ʾabā al-fatḥi muḥammadan, wa-ʾabā bakrin ʾaḥmada wa-ʾabā al-qāsimi ʿaliyyan, wa-ʾabā al-khayri muḥammadan, wa-fāṭimata, wa-ʿāʾishata, wa-salmā, wa-khadījata, riwāyatahu ʿannī, maʿa jamīʿi mā yajūzu lī riwāyatuhu, wa-ka-dhālika ʾajaztu ʾahla ʿaṣrī.

I have authorized my children—Abu al-Fath Muhammad, Abu Bakr Ahmad, Abu al-Qasim ʿAli, Abu al-Khayr Muhammad, Fatimah, ʿA'ishah, Salma, and Khadijah—to transmit it from me, together with everything else I am permitted to transmit. I have likewise authorized all my contemporaries.

وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ أَوَّلًا وَآخِرًا، وَصَلَاتُهُ عَلَى سَيِّدِ الْخَلْقِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَآلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ.

wa-l-ḥamdu li-llāhi ʾawwalan wa-ʾākhiran, wa-ṣalātuhu ʿalā sayyidi al-khalqi muḥammadin, wa-ʾālihi wa-ṣaḥbihi ʾajmaʿīna.

All praise is due to Allah at the beginning and at the end. May His blessings be upon the master of creation, Muhammad, and upon all his family and Companions.